Switchgear and

Power System
Protection
13-17 July 2015 | Harare, Zimbabwe

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

CONTENTS
Course Overview 3
About the Course Facilitator 5
Switchgear Day 1 6
Switchgear Day 2 7
Power System Protection Day 1 8
Power System Protection Day 2 10
Power System Protection Day 3 12
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

Course Overview
Protecting assets to minimize electrical disruption is vital in every business daily operations.
The protection of switchgears (and circuit breakers) and power system is an integral part of
ensuring quality electrical distribution and performance. Without planned protection, faults
are bound to occur more frequently and may cause serious damages to the business. In
most cases, these faults will result in disruption of normal functioning of a system, which will
cause high stress-levels to the electrical conductors and connected equipment thermally
and electro-dynamically.
The solution to electrical disruption and faults is to create a right protection system for
switchgear and the power system. With efficient protection, faults may be detected
in advance to mitigate risks and reduction in downtime. In addition to creating a wellrounded protection plan and maintenance strategies for switchgears and power systems,
this intensive 5-day programme zooms in to the installation, testing and commissioning of
switchgears to allow participants to take away practical solutions to overcome their day-today challenges in operations and maintenance of equipment.

Benefits of Attending

Learn to identify and select the appropriate types of switchgears and transformers for
maximum efficiency
Appreciate the design principles and operational elements of switchgears and power
systems
Detail the practical maintenance strategies for switchgear and power systems
Master the setup of switchgear and power system protection schemes and testing
procedures
Manage faults and breakdowns effectively to minimize disruption
Assessing real-life case studies, types of power system faults and learning from past
experiences in electrical and equipment failures
Selecting types of protection in power system by assessing a variety of methods and adopting
them in the right setup

Why You Should Not Miss This Event

As the installation of high voltage distribution and transmission equipment increases due to
the ever-growing global demand for power, there is increasing need to ensure the reliability
of the operations of power systems. Power transformers are among the most important
and most expensive components of power systems. Their failure can impose extraordinarily
high costs on plants, factories and utilities of all descriptions. It is critical that all personnel
operating and working with such equipment have a sound knowledge of their operational
requirements and maintenance.
This intensive program focuses on the essential components of power systems; which are
the transformers and switchgears, and provides deeper understanding of what is involved
in the maintenance and asset management of these components. This is to ensure that the
power systems are in tip-top condition and to prevent unexpected interruption.
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

Who Should Attend

Project engineers
Electrical engineers
System operators
Design engineers (junior & senior)
Project managers
Asset management engineers
Planning engineers
Transformer & switchgear maintenance staff
Protection, instrumentation and control engineers
Draftspersons in substation design sector

Also suitable for Relevant personnel in power utilities, power generation, transmission
companies, and consultant companies responsible for engineering, commissioning,
operation and maintenance of substations.

Workshop Methodology
Highly interactive program with associated role plays, videos and case studies using an
experiential learning training approach.

Pre-Course Questionnaire

In order for this workshop to fully benefit

you, a pre-course questionnaire will be sent
to you in order to test the area where your
training needs lies. The results from this
questionnaire will ensure that this entire
workshop will be delivered at a level that is
catering to your needs.

Save up to 50% for

In-house Programmes

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

About the Course Facilitator

Behrouz Ghorbanian
BSc, MSc, MIEAust

Behrouz has completed degree courses in

telecommunications and electrical engineering overseas.
He also completed his studies in electrical Utility
engineering at Curtin University in 2004.

Behrouz started his career in the oil and gas industry where his role got him involved
in the maintenance and repair of electronic and navigational marine equipment (VHF and
SSB radios, Sat Nav, engine control panels etc). He then moved to the power industry
and was involved in the design, installation, and commissioning of substations mainly for
consultancies and utilities. He has also established a good reputation in teaching power
system protection over his long term services lecturing at Curtin University, and also over
the period he worked as a Protection Engineer in New Zealand.
Over the past years, Behrouz has been involved in many major projects across Australia
(Port Hedland, Barrow Island, Tamar Valley, Karratha, and Newman for example). His most
recent experience is related to cost estimation and risk assessment of major substation
projects with a special focus on the secondary systems (Protection, COMMS, SCADA).
He has also worked as an Engineering Manager and Senior Project Engineer on major
copper mine projects overseas. Behrouz has also gained good knowledge in substation
design, HV cables sizing and installation, transmission system design, earthing system
design and applications, and power system protection design and applications.

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

Day 1

Monday, 13 July 2015

Module 1

Switchgear Fundamentals

Single line diagram (SLD)

System configurations (LV, MV, HV)
Switchgear components
Bulk oil circuit breakers
Minimum oil circuit breakers
Air blast circuit breakers
Vacuum circuit breakers
SF6 circuit breakers
Fuse switches
HV fuses
Auto reclosers

Module 2

Switchgear specifications

Full load rated current

Fault capacity (symmetrical & asymmetrical short circuit withstand capability)
Make & break operations
Impulse withstand voltage
Switchgear auxiliaries (CTs, VTs, protection relays)
Switchgear cable terminations
Indoor & outdoor switchgears

Module 3

Switchgear diagnostics & maintenance

Asset register
Condition based maintenance (CBM)
Reliability Centred maintenance (RCM)
Switchgear defects
Switchgear inspection
Oil testing
Maintenance of circuit breakers

End of Day 1
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

Day 2

Tuesday, 14 July 2015

Module 4

Switchgear installation, testing and commissioning

Switchgear inspection
Switchgear installation
Switchgear type test
Switchgear routine test
Switchgear acceptance test
Switchgear pre-commissioning test
Switchgear and cable condition monitoring
Cable HVDC test
Cable low frequency test
Partial discharge (PD) test
Dielectric dissipation factor measurement
Micro destructive and non-destructive tests

Module 5

Switchgear protection & control

Types of faults
Earthing systems
Switchgear fuse protection
Current transformer (CT)
Voltage transformer (CT)
Relay technology
Overcurrent protection
Earth fault protection
Transformer differential protection
Busbar frame leakage protection
Busbar high impedance protection
Voltage control schemes

End of Day 2
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 1

Wednesday, 15 July 2015

Module 1

Module 2

Switchgear installation,
testing and commissioning

Electrical power system

What is an electric fault?
Need for protection
Protection objectives
A simple protection scheme
Overload
Types of faults
vv Symmetrical faults
vv Asymmetrical faults
vv Solid faults
vv Incipient faults
vv Passive faults
vv Transient faults
vv Permanent faults
Insulation materials
Types of faults
vv Temperature rise
vv Mechanical stress
vv System instability
vv Electric arc
vv Earth potential rise (EPR)
vv Induced voltages
Protection methods
vv Relay protection
vv Fuse protection
vv Circuit breaker protection
Basic tripping circuit
Fault calculations
Sequence networks
vv Positive phase sequence
vv Negative phase sequence (NPS)
vv Zero phase sequence
Effect of system earthing & winding
connections on zero sequence
Fault calculation procedure
vv Symmetrical faults
vv Asymmetrical faults
Per Unit (PU) system

Relay protection,
testing and commissioning

Relay protection components

Circuit breaker operation
Circuit breaker tripping time
CB auxiliary contacts & coils
Trip circuit supervision (TCS)
Moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB)
Current limiting MCCB
Protection zone
Protection overlap
Protection system criteria
v v Reliability
v v Speed
v v Selectivity
v v Discrimination (= coordination,
grading)
v v Stability
v v Selectivity
v v Local backup
v v Remote backupInsulation materials
Reach of a relay
Main & backup protection
3-phase vs. 1-phase
Radial distribution feeders
Parallel distribution feeders
Radial distribution feeders
Ring main system
Protection schemes
Relay technology
vv Electromechanical
(= electromagnetic) relay
vv Static (= electronic) relay
vv Numerical (= digital) relay
Basic tripping circuit
Circuit breaker types
Oil CB
Air blast CB
Vacuum CB
SF6 CB
Automatic reclosing
External reclosser

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 1

Wednesday, 15 July 2015

Module 3

Module 4

Fuse protection,
testing and commissioning

Fuse link
Fuse protection applications
Fuse link characteristics
Fuse rated current
Minimum fusing current
Rated current vs. min fusing current
Pre-arcing time
Arcing time
Total operating time
Rupturing capacity
Fusing factor
Prospective current
Cut-off current
Prospective current vs. cut-off current
Fuse cut-off characteristic
Fuse TCC curve
Fuse protection - pros & cons
Fuse selection
Fuse short circuit protection
Fuse overload protection
Selection of HV fuses
Fuse speed ratio
Transformer fusing ratio
Transformer fuse protection
Cut-out fuse
vv K type
vv T type
vv Minimum melting time
vv Maximum total clearing time
Powder filed (= HRC, drop-out) fuse
Current limiting fuse
Cut-off characteristic curve
Fuse-fuse coordination
vv Method 1
vv Method 2
vv Example
Fuse recloser coordination
vv Fuse saving method
vv Fuse burden method
vv Example

Feeder protection,
testing and commissioning

Feeder protection features

Protection IEC codes
Protection variables
Overcurrent protection
Earth fault protection
O/C & E/F combined
E/F protection techniques
v v Balanced earth fault
v v Neutral earth fault
v v Restricted earth fault (REF)
O/C pickup setting
E/F pickup setting
Typical O/C & E/F setting ranges
Sensitive earth fault (SEF)
High-set instantaneous O/C protection
Transient overreach
O/C protection summary
E/F protection summary
Automatic reclosing features
Discrimination
vv C urrent discrimination
vv Time discrimination
vv Current & time discrimination
(IDMT)
IDMT TCC curves
IDMT equations
IDMT operating time
Definite time (DT) relay
Relay coordination
Sensitivity check
Protection system criteria
v v Speed
v v Sensitivity
v v Stability
v v Simplicity
v v Selectivity
v v Reliability
Transmission vs. distribution

End of Day 1
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 2

Thursday, 16 July 2015

Module 5

Module 6

Three-phase windings
vv Star winding connections
vv Delta winding connections
vv Zigzag winding connections
Ungrounded systems
Solidly earthed systems
Resistance earthed systems
Reactance earthed systems
Impedance earthed systems
Neutral earthing compensator (NEC)
Instrument transformers
Current transformer (CT)
Residual currentFusing factor
CT specifications
vv Rated primary current
vv Rated secondary current
vv CT ratio (CTR)
vv Accuracy limit factor (ALF)
vv CT burden
vv Knee point voltage
vv CT accuracy class
CT equivalent circuit
CT knee point
CTR and ALF
CT error
CT burden
CT polarity
Open circuiting CTs on load
CT accuracy class P
CT accuracy class X
Metering CT
Protection CT
Interposing CT
Single-phase parallel CTsummation CT
Combined CT/VT
Voltage transformer (VT)
Residual voltage
Neutral displacement voltage
VT error
VT accuracy class metering vs.
protection
VT fuse protection
Capacitive voltage transformer (CVT)
Factors affecting O/C pickup setting

Earthing systems,
instrument transformers,

Transformer protection,
testing and commissioning

Transformer protection
Transformer protection features
SEL387 Diff & O/C protection
Unit protection
v v Balanced earth fault
v v Neutral earth fault
O/C protection vs. unit protection
Differential protection
vv Balanced circulating current system
vv Opposed voltage system
Restricted earth fault (REF) protection
E/F & REF protection combined
High-set instantaneous O/C protection
Transient overreach
O/C protection summary
E/F protection summary
Transformer O/C & E/F protection
Transformer O/C IDMT & instantaneous
protection combined
Transformer unrestricted E/F protection
REF protection at transformer HV side
REF protection at transformer LV side
Zero sequence elimination
Phase and ratio correction
Phase correction settings
Unit protection - interposing CT
Transformer differential & REF protection
combined
Transformer overload protection
v v Pressure relief
v v Buchholz relay
Transformer inrush current
Small transformer protection scheme
(1MVA and below)
Medium size transformer protection
scheme (between 1MVA and 5MVA)
Large transformer protection scheme
(Above 5MVA)
Fault distribution

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

10

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 2

Thursday, 16 July 2015

Module 7

Module 8

Directional relays
instrument transformers,
Need for directional relays
Radial feeders supplied at two ends
Parallel feeders
Parallel feeders with one source
Parallel feeders with tie-buses
Ring main system
Practical example
Establishing the direction
Maximum torque angle (MTA)
Selection of RCA

Generator protection,
testing and commissioning
Generator faults
Generator protection features
Generator differential protection
Effect of CT mismatch
Effect of strong external faults
Solution to relay instability
Stabilising resistor
Metrosil
Generator biased differential protection
Generator overall differential protection
Stator neutral overvoltage protection
Generator backup protection
Generator full protection
Protection of generator transformer

End of Day 2
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

11

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 3

Friday, 17 July 2015

Module 9

Module 10

Busbar protection,
tele-protection teleprotection

Transformer feeder
protection, distance
protection

Busbar protection schemes

Busbar protection basic requirements
Frame leakage protection
Bus zone protection
Busbar protection check feature
Busbar high impedance protection
Primary operating current
Protection automation
Embedded generation protection
requirements
Intertripping
Tele-protection
Communication links
Direct tripping
Permissive tripping
Blocking scheme
Pilot wire
Power line carrier (PLC)
Radio link (simplex, half duplex, full
duplex)
Optical fiber cable

Transformer feeder protection (scheme 1)

Transformer feeder protection (scheme 2)
Transformer feeder protection (scheme 3)
Transformer feeder protection (scheme 4)
Transformer feeder protection (scheme 5)
Transformer feeder protection (scheme 6)
Distance protection
Impedance relay
Mho relay
Offset Mho relay
Reactance relay
Quadrilateral relay
Reach of distance relay
Distance relay zones
Distance relay R/X diagram
Distance relay operation zone
Distance relay zone settings
Protection coordination
Distance protection advantages
Distance protection - disadvantages
Distance protection directional control
Distance protection transfer tripping
Direct under-reach
Permissive under-reach
`Permissive over-reach

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my

or call +603 2630 6100

12

POWER SYSTEM
PROTECTION

Day 3

Friday, 17 July 2015

Module 11

Module 12

Motor protection

Smart grid,

Motor operation
Synchronous speed
Slip
Motor equivalent circuit (AC induction
motor)
Common motor faults
Motor overload protection
Motor relay protection
Motor stalling
Start/stall protection
Motor protection main features
Thermal overload protection
Motor short circuit protection
Motor undervoltage protection
Motor out-of-step protection
Motor protection schemes

Power system automation

SCADA
SCADA architecture
SCADA RTU
Communication protocols
Communication media
Smart grid
Distributed control system (DCS)
Automatic voltage control
Local area network (LAN)
LAN configuration
Wider area network (WAN)
Optical fiber
Microwave
Router
MUX & DEMUX
Substation automation

End of Day 3

Other Relevant Programs by CapSource

Advanced Lightning Protection
Power System Fundamentals for Non-electrical Engineers
Earthing System Design
Power Quality
Distribution System Design & Applications
Practical Substation Design
Generator and Power Station Transformers
If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

13

Delegate Registration Form

Switchgear and Power
System Protection
(NB-TR-EE1525)

Switchgear
13 - 14 July 2015

USD2,995

Power System Protection

15 - 17 July 2015

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DAUD

USD 3,995

Fax :
+603 4131 6700
Tel :
+603 2630 6100
Email : daud@capsource.com.my

Harare, Zimbabwe
13 - 17 July, 2015
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Save up to 50% for in-house programmes

If you are interested in attending, contact Daud daud@capsource.com.my
or call +603 2630 6100

14