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Input Data
fck 20 MPa
2 3
MPa
c 1.5
s 1.15
Steel Modulus
Ec 2.236 10
Es 200 GPa
Es 2 10
1
fcd fck c
fyd fyk s
Pa
fyd 2.174 10 Pa
yd fyk s Es
min
yd 1.087 10
0.5 fctm
fyk
Wall height
h s 5000 mm
b s 3000 mm
b w 1000 mm
cv 75 mm
Thickness of wall
thk 150 mm
d thk cv
min 0.442 %
Effective depth
Pa
fcd 1.333 10 Pa
1
11
10
d 0.075 m
gw 24 kN m
pga acceration
ag 0.15 g
rSa 2.5
Sag rSa ag
Sag 0.375 g
fAc 2
Sa_C fAc Sag
Weight of wall
Mass of wall
Sa_C 0.75 g
Ww b s thk h s gw
mw Ww g
Ww 54 kN
2
mw 5.506
Fc mw Sa_C
kN
Fc 40.5 kN
fcc Fc h s b s
Moment Estimations
Wall is assumed to be bounded on all three sides with a distributed load imposed on it.
Two cases are analyzed using the Yield line theory approach:
Case 1: The bottom is fixed and the sides are also fixed
Case 2: The bottom is fixed and the sides are pin supported
The equations are taken from Reference [1],
Kennedy G, Goodchild, GH, Practical Yield Line Design, The Concrete Centre, UK, 2004.
Case 1:
nab fcc
Distributed load
No line load loads, thus line load factors = 0
pa pa nab b s
pa 0
pb 0
pa 0
pb pb nab h s
pb 0
i1 1
Side ratios
i3 1
i2 1
bottom ratio
2 bs
1 i1
1 i3
Kh
2 h s 1 3 pb
3 br 1 pa 2 pb
br 2.121 m
hs
hH
Kh 1.571
h1 hH 1 i1
h1 2.008 m
Kh
Kh
h3 hH 1 i3
nab h s br 1 pa 2 pb
mab 0.987
i2 br hs
4 h s hH
m1 mab
m3 mab
h3 2.008 m
kN m
m
m2 mab
Nab nab 1 pb pa
Bp
2 hs
1 i2
Ap br
Ap 2.121 m
1 pb 2 pa
1 3 pa
2 hs
hH 1.42 m
Combined horizontal distances greater than total width, NOT a valid possibility,
mab
i2 br Kh
Bp 7.071 m
mba
h1
br
2
Nab Ap Bp
mba 1.093
Ap
Bp
8 1
Bp
Ap
1 i1
h3
h1 1.5 m
br
2
1 i3
h2
h3 1.5 m
m1 mba
m3 mba
kN m
m
6 mba ( 1 i2)
nab 1 3 pa
h2 2.204 m
m2 mba
M1end 1.093
M1side 1.093
kN m
m
kN m
m
Case 2:
i1 0
Side ratios
i3 0
i2 1
bottom ratio
2 bs
1 i1
1 i3
Kh
2 h s 1 3 pb
3 br 1 pa 2 pb
br 3 m
hs
hH
Kh 1.111
h1 hH 1 i1
h1 1.843 m
Kh
Kh
h3 hH 1 i3
nab h s br 1 pa 2 pb
i2 br hs
hH
4 hs
2 hs
hH 1.843 m
h3 1.843 m
Combined horizontal distances greater than total width, NOT a valid possibility
mab
i2 br Kh
mab 1.768
kN m
m
m2 mab
Nab nab 1 pb pa
2 hs
Bp
1 i2
mba
h1
br
2
Ap br
Ap 3 m
1 pb 2 pa
Bp 7.071 m
1 3 pa
Nab Ap Bp
mba 1.893
Ap
Bp
8 1
Bp
Ap
1 i1
h1 1.5 m
h3
br
2
1 i3
h3 1.5 m
h2
kN m
m
6 mba ( 1 i2)
nab 1 3 pa
h2 2.901 m
m2 mba
M2end 1.893
kN m
m
Summary of Moments
As noted in Ref [1], yield line moments should be increased by 10% to account for the
approach producing an upper bound solution
incfact 1.1
Maximum base moment, from pinned case
Mbase 2.083
Mside 1.202
kN m
m
kN m
m
FLEXURAL DESIGN
xdlim 0.448
0.85
0.8
c 0.0035
Minimum reinforcement
Asmin Afmin b w d
Asmin 172.413 mm
Minimum steel
mm
Aspv_min 174
m
Mpm Mbase 1 m
Mpm 2.083 kN m
mk Mpm b w d fcd
2
mlim 0.23
mk 0.033
Asl if mk mlim 1
1 2 mk
b w d fcd
fyd
Asl 129.899 mm
Provide R10@300
Aspv 262
mm
m
As_wall = R12@150
As_wall 753
mm
m
Ts 400 mm
cv 30 mm
d Ts cv
Effective depth
d 0.37 m
fcc Fc h s b s
fh fcc b s
fh 8.1 kN m
2
Mb 0.5 fh h s
Mb 101.25 kN m
Fb fh h s
Fb 40.5 kN
Minimum reinforcement
Asmin Afmin b w d
Minimum steel
Asmin 850.569 mm
Aspv_min 942 mm
Provide 3R20
Positive moment
Mpm Mb
Mpm 101.25 kN m
mk Mpm b w d fcd
2
mlim 0.23
mk 0.065
Asl if mk mlim 1
1 2 mk
b w d fcd
fyd
Asl 1.303 10 mm
Aspv 1256 mm
Provide 4R20
mt Mside
Mt mt h s
mt 1.202
kN m
m
Mt 6.009 kN m
Area of section
A_but Ts
A_but 0.16 m
Circumference of section
C_but 2 ( Ts Ts)
C_but 1.6 m
A_tors ( Ts t_but)
Perimeter of centreline
C_ctr 4 ( Ts t_but)
t_but 0.1 m
A_tors 0.09 m
C_ctr 1.2 m
rg g 180
Angle in radians
VRdmx
TRdmx
1 0.552
0.9 Ts d 1 fcd
cot rg tan rg
cot cot rg
VRdmx 340.505 kN
TRdmx 550.79 kN m
TRdmx
VRdmx
STrat 0.13
We are ok
AswS 0.227
mm
mm
2
AsTS 0.124
mm
mm
2
AsLS 0.351
mm
mm
2
Use R8@275 mm
AsLpv 0.3658
As_Tor
Mt C_ctr cot
2 A_tors 0.87 fyk
As_Tor 455.905 mm
Need to add 4R12 to the longitudinal steel at the corners to account for Torsion.
mm
mm