Abd Allah ibn Abbas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Abdullah ibn Abbas

Arabic:

Title

Hibr-ul-Ummah

Born

'Abd Allah ibn al'-Abbas

c. 619 CE
Mecca, Hejaz[1]

Died

c. 687 CE
at-Ta'if, Arabia

Other names Al-Hibr, (The Doctor); Al-Bahr, (The Sea)

Ethnicity

Arab

Occupation

Expert in Tafsir, with interests in the Qur'an and

Sunnah, Hadithand Tafsir[1] during the Islamic golden age

Notable

interpretation of the Qur'an

idea(s)

Disciple of

Muhammad

Influences [show]

Influenced [show]

Abd Allah ibn Abbas (Arabic: ) or Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas otherwise called (Ibn
Abbas; Al-Hibr; Al-Bahr; The Doctor; The Sea) was born c. 619 CE. He was one of Muhammad's
companions and one of the earlyQur'an scholars.
[7]

[7]

During the early struggles for the caliphate, he supported Ali, and was given the job of governor
of Basra as a reward. He did not stay long and he withdrew to Mecca. During the reign of Muawiyah
I, he lived in Hejaz and would travel toDamascus often. After Muawiyah I died, he opposed Abd Allah
ibn al-Zubayr and fled to at-Ta'if, where he died in around 687 CE.
[7][8]

'Abd Allah ibn Abbas was known for his knowledge of traditions as well as his critical interpretation of
the Qur'an. From early on, he gathered information from other companions of Muhammad and gave
classes and wrote commentaries.
[7]

Contents
[hide]

1 Biography
o

1.1 Family

1.2 619632: Muhammad's era

1.2.1 Muhammad's statement

1.3 632634: Abu Bakr's era

1.3.1 Inheritance from Muhammad

1.3.2 Continued education

1.4 634644: Umar's era

1.4.1 Advising Umar

1.5 656661: Ali's era

1.5.1 Battle of Siffin

1.6 680683: Yazid's era

1.7 Wives and Children

2 Hadith transmitted by him

3 Legacy

4 His descendents

5 Views
5.1 Sunni view

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

Biography[edit]
Family[edit]
He was the second son of a wealthy merchant, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, thus he was called Ibn
Abbas (the son of Abbas). His mother was Umm al-Fadl Lubaba, who prided herself in being the

second woman who converted to Islam, on the same day as her close friend Khadijah bint
Khuwaylid, Muhammad's wife.
[9]

The father of Ibn Abbas and the father of Muhammad were both sons of Shaiba ibn Hashim, better
known as Abdul-Mut t alib. Shaiba bin Hashim's father wasHashim ibn Abd Manaf, the progenitor of
the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca.

619632: Muhammad's era[edit]

Ibn Abbas was born in 3 BH (619620 CE) and his mother took him to Muhammad before he had
begun to suckle. Muhammad put some of his saliva on the newborn's tongue, and that was the
beginning of the close relationship between them.
[1]

As he grew up, he was by Muhammad's side doing different services like fetching water
for ablution (Arabic: wudu). He would pray (Arabic: salat) with Muhammad and follow him on his
assemblies, journeys and expeditions. Muhammad would often draw him close, pat him on the
shoulder and pray, "O God! Teach him (the knowledge of) the Book ", and Ibn Abbas devoted his
life to the pursuit of learning and knowledge. Muhammad had also supplicated for him to attain
discernment in religion. Ibn Abbas kept following Muhammad, memorizing and learning his
teaching.
[10]

[11]

[1]

Muhammad's statement[edit]

Main article: Hadith of the pen and paper

In AH 10 (631/632), Muhammad fell into his last illness. During this period, the Hadith of the pen and
paper was reported, with Ibn Abbas as the first level narrator, at that time was around twelve years
old. Ibn Abbas used to say, "No doubt, it was a great disaster that Allah's Apostle was prevented
from writing for them that writing because of their differences and noise." Days after that, Abbas
and Ali supported Muhammad's weight on their shoulder, as Muhammad was too weak to walk
around on his own accord.
[12]

[13]

[14]

632634: Abu Bakr's era[edit]

Inheritance from Muhammad[edit]
Main article: Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance
Ibn 'Abbas was thirteen years old when Muhammad died. After Abu Bakr came to power, Ibn Abbas
and his father were among those who unsuccessfully requested their part of Muhammad's
inheritance, because Abu Bakr said that he heard Muhammad say that prophets do not leave
inheritance.
Continued education[edit]

After Muhammad's era, he continued to collect and learn Muhammad's teaching from Muhammad's
companions (Arabic: Sahaba), especially those who knew him the longest. He would consult
multiple Sahaba to confirm narrations, and would go to as many as thirty Companions to verify a
single matter. Once he heard that a Sahaba knew a hadith unknown to him.
[1]

A narration attributed to Abd Allah ibn Abbas reports:

...I went to him during the time of the afternoon siesta and spread my cloak in front of his door. The wind blew dust on

Ibn Abbas was not content just to accumulate knowledge, but due to a sense of duty to the ummah,
he educated those in search of knowledge as well as members of the general community. He turned

to teaching and his house became the equivalent of a university, with specialized teaching and with
him as the only teacher.
[1]

One of his companions described a typical scene in front of his house:

I saw people converging on the roads leading to his house until there was hardly any room in front of
his house. I went in and told him about the crowds of people at his door and he said: 'Get me water
for wudu.'
He performed wudu and, seating himself, said: 'Go out and say to them: Whoever wants to ask
about the Quran and its letters (pronunciation) let him enter.'
This I did and people entered until the house was filled. Whatever he was asked, Abdullah was able
to elucidate and even provide additional information to what was asked. Then (to his students) he
said: 'Make way for your brothers.'
Then to me he said: 'Go out and say: Who wants to ask about the Quran and its interpretation, let
him enter'.
Again the house was filled and Abdullah elucidated and provided more information than what was
requested.
[1]

He held classes on one single subject each day, classes on issues such as
tafsir, fiqh, halal and Haraam, ghazawa, poetry, Arab history before Islam, inheritance laws, Arabic
language and etymology.
[1]

634644: Umar's era[edit]

Advising Umar[edit]
Umar often sought the advice of Ibn Abbas on important matters of state and described him as a
"young man of maturity":
[1]

A narration attributed to Abd Allah ibn Abbas Sahih reports:

Umar used to make me sit with the elderly men who had fought in the battle of Badr. Some of them (Abd-al-Rahman i
Umar replied "Because of what you know of his position" (i.e. his religious knowledge).

One day Umar called me and made me sit in the gathering of those people, and I think that he called me just to show th
When comes help of God, and the conquest...

Some of them said: "We are ordered to praise God and ask for His forgiveness, when God's help and the conquest com

(O Muhammad) when comes the help of God (to you against your enemies) and the conquest (which is the sign of you

The Sahaba Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas said:

I have never seen someone who was quicker in understanding, who had more knowledge and
greater wisdom than Ibn Abbas. I have seen Umar summon him to discuss difficult problems in the
presence of veterans of Badr from among the Muhajirin and Ansar. Ibn Abbas would speak and
Umar would not disregard what he had to say.
[1]

656661: Ali's era[edit]

Battle of Siffin[edit]
Main article: Battle of Siffin
Ibn Abbas remained a staunch supporter of the final Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, during Ali's war with
Muawiyah, including at the Battle of Siffin. He had also been given the position of governor
of Basra during Ali's reign as Caliph.

A large group of Ali's army were discontented with the conclusion of that arbitration, and broke off
into a separate group. Ibn Abbas played a key role in convincing a large number of them to return to
Ali; 20,000 of 24,000 according to some sources. He did so using his knowledge of Muhammad's
biography, in particular, the events of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
[1]

680683: Yazid's era[edit]

Sunnis believe that ibn Abbas was in favour of the unity of the Muslims and hence did not revolt
against rulers. He advised Husayn ibn Ali against his proposed expedition to Kufa that ended
at Karbala. Shias contend that due to coercion and duress he gave an oath of allegiance to Yazid,
using Taqiyya.

Wives and Children[edit]

By a Yemenite princess named Zahra bint Mishrah, Ibn Abbas had seven children.
1. Al-Abbas, the first born, who was childless.
2. Ali ibn Abdullah (died 736 CE), who was the grandfather of the first two Abbasid caliphs, who
replaced the Umayyads in 750 CE.
3. Muhammad, who was childless.
4. Ubaydullah, who was childless.
5. Al-Fadl, who was childless.
6. Saad had two children
7. Lubaba, who married Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Jaafar and had descendants.
By a concubine, he had another daughter, Asma, who married her cousin Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah
ibn Abbas and had two sons.
[16]

Hadith transmitted by him[edit]

Ibn Abbas narrated that Muhammad said, "Two favours are treated unjustly by most people: health
and free time." from Sahih Bukhari, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah andAl-Nasa'i
Ibn Abbas reported: Muhammad said, "He who does not memorize any part from the Qur'an, he is
like the ruined house. from Tirmidhi
On the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said, "One day I was behind (i.e. riding behind him on the same
mount) the Prophet and he said to me: 'Young man, I shall teach you some words (of advice). Be
mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you. If
you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the nation were to gather
together to benefit you with anything, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already
prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only
with something Allah had already prescribed for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have
dried. from Tirmidhi
Al Hakim records on the authority of ibn Abbas that Muhammad advanced, carrying upon his
back Hassan ibn Ali, and a man met him and said, 'an excellent steed thou ridest, lad!'. Muhammad
replied, 'and he is an excellent rider.'
Ali ibn Husam Adin (commonly known as al-Mutaki al-Hindi) records that ibn Abbas narrated that
Muhammad said the following about his deceased aunt Fatima, the mother of Ali: "I (Muhammad)
put on her my shirt that she may wear the clothes of heaven, and I lay with her in her coffin that I
may lessen the pressure of the grave. She was the best of Allahs creatures to me after Abu Talib".

Legacy[edit]
As Abd-Allah's knowledge grew, he grew in stature. Masruq ibn al Ajda said of him:
Whenever I saw Ibn Abbas, I would say: He is the most handsome of men. When he spoke, I would
say: He is the most eloquent of men. And when he held a conversation, I would say: He is the most
knowledgeable of men."
[1]

Ibn Abbas is highly respected by both Shia and Sunnis.

His descendents[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014)
Quraysh tribe

Abd Manaf
ibn Qusai

Abd
Shams

Barra

Mut t alib

tikah bint
Murrah

Hala

Hashim

Umayya
ibn Abd
Shams

Abd alMuttalib

Abu
al-'As

Harb

minah

Ab Sufyn ibn
Harb

AlHakam

Affan
ibn Abi
al-'As

MUHAMMA
D

Muwiyah

Marwan
I

Uthman
ibn
Affan

Ruqayyah
bint
Muhammad

UmayyadCaliph
ate

Salma bint Amr

Uthman
ibn Abu-

(Family tree)

Abd
Allh

Ab
T lib

Khadija
bint
Khuwayli
d

`Al alMrtdh

Al-Abbas

Abd Allh

Fatima
Zahra

Hasan alMjtab

Hamza

Khawlah bint Ja'far

Muhammad ibn alHanafiyyah

Husayn
bin Ali

al-Mukhtr ibn Ab
Ubayd Allah al-

Ali bin Abd

Allh

Muhammad"al
-

al-Aas

(Family
tree)

Thaqaf
(AbAmra`Kaysany
yah)

Imm"(Abbasi
ds)

Views[edit]
Ibn Abbas viewed that Tafsir can be divided in four categories:

The category the Arabs knew because of its language

Those of ignorance, of which no one will be excused

Those the scholars know

Those no one knows except God (Arabic: Allh)

[17]

Sunni view[edit]
Sunni view him as the most knowledgeable of the Companions in tafsir. A book entitled Tanwir alMiqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas is tafsir, all explanations of which may go back to Ibn Abbas. Of all
narrations transmitted by Ibn Abbas, 1660 were considered authentic (Arabic: Sahih) by the authors
of the two Sahihs.
[1]

[1][18]

Regarding Ibn Abbas giving verdicts (Arabic: fatwa) in favor of Nikah Mut'ah, most Sunnis view that
Ali corrected him on the matter, while other view that "Ibn Abbas position on the permissibility of
Mut'ah until his last day is proven" per the Hadith of Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah.
[19]

Sunnis describe thus:

... the courageous Abdullah showed that he preferred peace above war, and logic against force and
violence. However, he was not only known for his courage, his perceptive thought and his vast
knowledge. He was also known for his great generosity and hospitality. Some of his contemporaries
said of his household: "We have not seen a house with more food or drink or fruit or knowledge than
the house of Ibn Abbas."
He had a genuine and abiding concern for people. He was thoughtful and caring. He once said:
"When I realize the importance of a verse of God's Book, I would wish that all people should know
what I know.
"When I hear of a Muslim ruler who deals equitably and rules justly, I am happy on his account and I
pray for him...
"When I hear of rains that fall on the land of Muslims, that fills me with happiness..."
Abdullah ibn Abbas was constant in his devotions. He kept voluntary fasts regularly and often stayed
up at night in Prayer. He would weep while praying and reading the Quran. And when reciting verses
dealing with death, resurrection and the life hereafter his voice would be heavy from deep sobbing.
[1]

See also[edit]

List of Islamic scholars

Sunni view of the Sahaba

References[edit]
1.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q biography on the MSA West Compendium of Muslim Texts

2.

Jump up^ http://people.uncw.edu/bergh/par246/L21RHadithCriticism.htm

3.

Jump up^ Jewish Encyclopedia [1]

4.

Jump up^ Media Monitors Network, A Few Comments on Tafsir of the Quran, Habib Siddiqui October 2004

5.

Jump up^ Mashahir, 99-Too; Ghaya, 1. 283; Abu Nuaym, II. 105-19; Kashif, I. 235; Ibn Marthad 41-3

6.

Jump up^ usulgloss2

7.

8.
9.

^ Jump up to:a b c d "'Abd Allah ibn al-'Abbas". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL:
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
Jump up^ There is uncertainty as to the actual year of his death. Some sources state either 687 or 688.
Jump up^ Marriage to a 'past': Parents should not reject a proposal without a good reason and being a revert with a
past is not an acceptable one

10.

Jump up^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:92:375

11.

Jump up^ Sahih Muslim (#6523)

12.

Jump up^ Regarding Omar's Refusal to Give the Prophet a Pen to Write his Will!!!

13.

Jump up^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:3:114

14.

Jump up^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:4:197, 1:11:634, 3:47:761,5:59:727

15.

Jump up^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:821

16.

Jump up^ Tabari, vol. 39, pp. 54-55.

17.

Jump up^ Interpreting The Text

18.

19.

Jump up^ Reliance of the Traveller by Ahmad al-Misr, (A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law), translated by Nuh
Ha Mim Keller, published by Amana publications, Beltsville, Maryland, USA 1991
Jump up^ Fatih al-Qadir by Muhammad ash-Shawkani, Sharh Hidaya Volume 3 p. 51

Family tree of Ali

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Life[show]

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable
sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011)

Ali (Al ibn Ab Tlib) (( ) 661 599) was an early Islamic leader. He is revered
by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs and as a foremost religious authority
on the Qur'an and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Shi'a Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed
by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first rightful caliph. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and
after marriage to Fatimah he also became Muhammad's son-in-law.
Contents
[hide]

1 Family tree

2 Family tree of the descendants of Ali

3 See also

4 References

Family tree[edit]
Paternal grand father: Shaiba ibn Hashim ('Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim), see Family tree of
Shaiba ibn Hashim
Paternal grand mother: Fatimah bint Amr
Father: Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Mother: Fatima bint Asad
Brother: Ja`far ibn Ab Tlib
Nephew: Awn ibn Ja'far
Nephew: Abdullah ibn Ja'far married Zaynab bint Ali
Grand Nephews: Aun ibn Abdillah and Muhammad ibn Abdillah died at the Battle of
Karbala
Brother: Aqeel ibn Abi Talib
Nephew: Muslim ibn Aqeel died before the Battle of Karbala
Grand Nephews: Muhammad ibn Muslim and Ibraheem ibn Muslim died before the Battle
of Karbala
Brother: Talib ibn Abu Talib
Sister: Fakhitah bint Abi Talib
Sister: Jumanah bint Abi Talib
Himself: Ali
Father in law: Muhammad, see Family tree of Muhammad
[1]

Wife: Fatimah daughter of Muhammad

Daughter: Zaynab bint Ali survived the Battle of Karbala
Daughter: Umm Kulthum bint Ali - Wife of Umar, second Caliph of Rashidun Caliphate
[10][11][12]

Son: Muhsin ibn Ali died before birth (Shia) or during infancy (Sunni)
Son: Hasan ibn Ali died by poison during the reign of Muawiyah I
Grandson: Qasim ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala

[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Grandson: Meesam ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala

Grandson: Abdullah ibn Hasan died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Sayyid al-Hasan al-Muthanna
Grand daughter: Fatimah bint al-Hasan
Great Grandson: Abdallah ibn Hasan al-Muthanna
Great Great Grandson: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Son: Husayn ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala, see also Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali
Grand daughter: Sukayna bint Husayn survived the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Zayn al-Abidin only male that survived the Battle of Karbala
Great grandson: Muhammad al-Baqir
Great grandson: Zayd ibn Ali
Wife: Umamah bint Zainab
Son: Hilal ibn Ali
Wife: Umm ul-Banin which means mother of many sons her real name Fatima bint Hizam
al-Qilabiyya.
Son: Al-Abbas ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas
Grandson: Al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas died at the Battle of Karbala
Grandson: Qasim ibn al-Abbas died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Abdullah ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Jafar ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala
Son: Musa ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala
Wife: Leila bint Masoud
Son: Ubaid Allah bin Ali
Son: Abi Bakr bin Ali
Wife: Khawlah bint Ja'far
Son: Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Wife: Asma bint Umays
Son: Yahya bin Ali d:61H
Son: Muhammad Al Asgar ibn Ali died at the Battle of Karbala
Step daughter: Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Step son: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Step son: Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr
Paternal uncle: Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Paternal uncle: Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib father of Muhammad
Paternal aunt: Aminah bint Wahb mother of Muhammad
Cousin: Muhammad
Cousin's daughter: Fatimah

Family tree of the

descendants of Ali[edit]
Fatimah bint
Muhammad
(Family tree)

Hasan alMujtab

Muhammad

Zayd

Qsim

Hasan

Yahya

Muhammad

Hasan alMu'thann

Abd Allah

Hasan(Alavi
ds)

Abdallah

Abu Bakr

Maymnah

Daud

Hasan

Ibrahim

J`far

Sulayman

Ali

Ismail

Hasan

Sulaymanid
s
of Yemen
and Mecca

Husayn
Sahib
Fakhkh

Ibrahim
Tabataba

Hasan

Muhammad

al-Qasim
ar-Rassi

Imams
of Yemen

Musa alDjawn

Yahya

Ibrahim

Idris I of
Morocco

Sulayman

Abd Allah

Idrisids of
Morroco and
Hammudids
of Spain

Sulaymanid
s
of
theMaghrib

Ibrahim

Ali

Yusuf
al-Ukhaidhir

Husayn
alUkhaidhir

Banu alUkhaidhir

Musa

Salih

Sulayman

Muhammad
ibn Isml

Muhammad
ibn Yusuf

Banu
Katada of

Banu Salih
of Ghana

Sulaymanid
Sharifs

Hidden
Imams

Isml ibn
J`far

Mecca &

Yusuf ibn
Muhammad

Fatimid
Caliphs

Isml ibn
Yusuf

Imams of
Alamut

Hassan ibn
Isml

Ahmad ibn
Hassan

Abu'lMuqallid
J`far[14]

See also[edit]

Alids

Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib

Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters

References[edit]
1.

Jump up^ Books, Happy. "Family Tree of Ali ibn

Abi Taalib". Happy Books. Retrieved 2
July 2011.

2.

Jump up^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Majalis ulMomineen. pp. 8589.

3.

Jump up^ al-Murtaza, Sharif. Al-Shaafi. p. 116.

4.

Jump up^ Al-Hadid, Hibatullah. Sharh Nahj ulBalagha 3. p. 124.

5.

Jump up^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Bihar alAnwar. p. 621.

6.

Jump up^ Ardabili, Muqaddas. Hadiqat alShia. p. 277.

7.

Jump up^ Shustari, Qazi Nurullah. Masa'ib unNawasib. p. 170.

8.

Jump up^ Al-Amili, Zayn al-Din al-Juna'i.

"Lawahiq-al-Aqd". Masalik al-Ifham fi Sharh
Shara-il-Islam 1.

9.

Jump up^ Qumi, Abbas. Muntahi al-Aamal 1.

p. 186.

10.

Jump up^ Shahidi, Sayyed Ja'far. Life of

Fatemeh Zahra(SA). pp. 263265.

11.

Jump up^ Baqir, Muhammad. Mir'at ulUqool 21. p. 199.

12.

Jump up^ Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot 4.

p. 272.

13.

Jump up^ Al-Yasin, Shaykh Radi. "1". Sulh alHasan. Jasim al-Rasheed. Qum: Ansariyan
Publications. p. 4.

14.

Jump up^ Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792