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STATISTICS (ELECTIVE)
Out lines of tests
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Paper-A
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Paper-B
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Paper-C (Practical)
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75 marks
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75 marks
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50 marks
Total:
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200 marks
Section - II.
Concepts of Probability: (Weight 1/10)
Operation in sets. Cartesian product set. Random experiment. Sample space and event. Rules of
counting introduction to probability and axioms of probability, emphasizing to concepts, facts,
interpretation and illustrating examples. Basic laws of probability, Conditional and marginal probabilities.
Independence of events. Bayes theorem and its application. (Proof not required).
(Weight:
Please
Random Variable, Discrete random variable. Probability function, probability distribution function.
Mathematical expectation and its properties. Joint distribution of two discrete random variables. Marginal
and conditional distributions. Mean, Variance, moments, covariance and correlation of two discrete
random variables. Moment generating function and its properties.
(Note No. 1
For Random variable (Discrete) and Discrete probability Distributions common weight is
2/10)
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Random Variable: (Continuous) (Weight 1/10)
Continuous random variable. Probability distribution of a continuous random variable. Probability
density function and probability distribution function. Joint distribution of two continuous random variables.
Marginal and conditional distributions. Mathematical expectation and its properties. Moment generating
function. Covariance and correlation of two random variables. Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric mean,
Harmonic mean, Mean deviation. Variance and moments of simple continuous functions.
Paper- B
Candidates are required to attempt at least two questions from each section.
Section -I
Sampling and Sampling Distributions: (Weight 2/10)
Basic concepts. Advantages of Sampling. Probability and non-probability sampling, Sampling and
non-sampling errors. Sampling designs of simple random. Stratified, systematic, and cluster sampling.
Judgement and quota sampling. Random numbers and their use in sampling calculation of sample mean,
proportion and variance of simple random samples and stratified random samples. Sampling distribution of
a statistic and its standard error. Distributions of sample mean and difference between two sample means
with their properties. Distributions of sample proportion and difference between two sample proportions
with properties. Central limit theorem with illustrations. Sampling distribution of sample variance and
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distribution of ratio of two sample variances. Concept of t, - and F- distributions.
Section -II
Analysis of Variance: (Weight: Please see Note No. 2 below)
Definition, importance and assumptions of Analysis of Variance. Partitioning of sum of squares
and degrees of freedom in one-way classification. Testing the equality of means for one-way classification.
Partitioning of sum of squares and degrees of freedom in two-way classification. Testing the equality of
means for two-way classification. Multiple comparison tests: Least significant difference test, Duncans
and Newman- Keuls Multiple range test.
Basic principle of experimental design. Completely randomised, complete block and Latin square
designs. Description, layout, statistical analysis, advantages and disadvantages of these designs. Relative
efficiency of three basic designs. Applications of these designs.
(Note No. 2
For Analysis of variance and Basic Experimental Designs common weight is 2/10)
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Regression and Correlation Analysis: (Weight 1/10)
Logic of regression and correlation. Scatter diagram. Regression models. Simple linear
regression, least square estimates and their properties. Properties of Least Square regression line,
standard error of estimate, co-efficient of determination. Multiple linear regression with two regressors, coefficient of multiple determination Partial and multiple correlation up to three variables. Linear correlation.
Correlation co-efficient and its properties. Correlation of bivariate frequency distribution. Partial and
multiple correlation for three variables. Rank correlation, Tied ranks. Testing of hypothesis about
regression and simple correlation partial and multiple correlation. Interval estimates and tests of
hypothesis about regression paramenters, mean prediction and individual prediction. Interval estimation of
regression parameters.
Paper- C (Practical)
Candidates are required to attempt one question from each section.
Section-I
One question from each section of Paper A should be set.
Section-II
One question from each section of Paper B should be set.
Each question of 18 marks: .i.e. 18-18 ..
Practical Note Book:
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Viva Voce: ..
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36 marks
05 marks
09 marks
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Total:
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50 marks
Books Recommended:
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Beg,M.A. and Mirza, M.D.(1997). Statistics, Theory and Methods. Vol.I&II. Carvan Book House,
Kachehry Road, Lahore.
Chaudhrey, S.M. and Kamal, S.(2002). Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-I &II. Illmi Kitab
Khana Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
Chaudhry, R.M.(1998) Polymer Modern Statistics, Polymers Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
rd
Freedman, D; Pisani, R;Parues, R and Adhikari, A (1997). Statistics 3 Edition. Norton, New
York.
Freund, J.E(1990).Modern Elementary Statistics. Prentice Hall, Inc.New Jersy.
Graybill,I and Burdick (1998).Applied Statistics: A first course in inference. Prentice Hall, New
Jersy.
Haq, Masood-ul (1983) Foundation of Probability and Statistics, Tahir Sons, Urdu Bazar,
Karachi.
Lipschutz, S and Schiller,J (1998). Introduction to Probability and Statistics.McGraw Hill, New
York.
Polland, A.H; Yousaf, F and Pollard, G,N (1981). Demographic Techniques. Second Edition.
Pergaman Press, Oxford.
rd
Speigal, M.R and Stephens, L.J (1999). Statistics 3 Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.
nd
Speigal, M.R; Schiller, J.L; Srinivban, R.L (2000). Probability and Statistics 2 Edition.
Schaums out line Series. McGraw Hill, New York.
Walpole, R.E (2001 R). Introduction to Statistics. Macmillan publishing Company.New
York/London.
Wonnacott, T.H. and Wonnacott, R.J (1990). Introductory Statistics. John Wily & Sons. New
York.