MetabolismVocabulary

FrankieNevin

Autotrophanorganismthatmakesitsownfood
Heterotrophanorganismthathastofinditsown(cannotmakeitsown)
Phototrophanorganismthatobtainsenergyfromsunlight
Photosynthesisaprocessusedbyplantsandotherorganismstoconvertlightenergy,normally
fromthesun,intochemicalenergythatcanbeusedtofueltheorganisms'activities
Chemotrophorganismthatobtainenergybytheoxidationofelectrondonorsintheir
environments.Thesemoleculescanbeorganicorinorganic
Chemosynthesisthebiologicalconversionofoneormorecarbonmoleculesandnutrientsinto
organicmatterusingtheoxidationofinorganicmoleculesormethaneasasourceofenergy,
ratherthansunlight,asinphotosynthesis
LightReactionsenergyintheformoflightisabsorbedandconvertedtochemicalenergyinthe
formofATP
Calvin/BensonCycle/DarkReactionsTheseriesofreactionsinphotosynthesisthatdonot
requirelighttoproceed,andultimatelyproduceorganicmoleculesfromcarbondioxide.
Chloroplastcontainschlorophyllandinwhichphotosynthesistakesplace
Thylakoidsflattenedsacsinsideachloroplast,inwhichthelightreactionsofphotosynthesis
takeplace,andarrangedinstacksorgrana
Granastacksofthylakoids
Stromathesupportivetissueofanepithelialorgan,tumor,gonad,etc.,consistingofconnective
tissuesandbloodvessels
CarbonFixationtheconversionofinorganiccarbontoorganiccompoundsbylivingorganisms

AccessoryPigmentsaphotosyntheticpigmentisapigmentthatispresentinchloroplastsand
capturesthelightenergynecessaryforphotosynthesis
AerobicCellularRespirationprocessofgeneratingenergybythefulloxidationofnutrients
throughKrebscycle
BTBliquidusedformeasuringthepresenceofcarbonicacidinaliquid
Photonanelementaryparticle,thequantumoflightandallotherformsofelectromagnetic
radiation,andtheforcecarrierfortheelectromagneticforce
ElectronTransportChainAgroupofcompoundsthatpasselectronfromonetoanothervia
redoxreactionscoupledwiththetransferofprotonacrossamembranetocreateaproton
gradientthatdrivesATPsynthesis
Cristaeinwardprojectionsoftheinnermembraneofthemitochondria,whicharestuddedwith
proteinsandincreasethesurfaceareaforchemicalreactionstooccurlikecellularrespiration.
AnaerobicCellularRespirationprocessofgeneratingenergybytheoxidationofnutrientsand
usinganexternalelectronacceptorotherthanoxygen
Glycolysisbreakdownofglucose
Mitochondriaanorganellefoundinlargenumbersinmostcells,inwhichthebiochemical
processesofrespirationandenergyproductionoccur
Fermentationthechemicalbreakdownofasubstancebybacteria,yeasts,orother
microorganisms,typicallyinvolvingeffervescenceandthegivingoffofheat
KrebsCycleaseriesofchemicalreactionsusedbyallaerobicorganismstogenerateenergy
throughtheoxidationofacetatederivedfromcarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsintocarbon
dioxideandchemicalenergyintheformofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)