FIRE PROTECTOR SYSTEM

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INTRODUCTION

Fire protection systems are used to alert people that a small fire or some
overheating has occurred, and that there is a danger of fire happening
soon. Active fire protection refers to installing equipment, systems, and
devices that require power to function such as fire detection, fire alarm,
and fire suppression systems. While the cost of professionally designed,
installed, maintained, and monitored fire protection may seem large, the
cost of not installing them could be even greater. For small to mid-size
institutions, conventional systems that are simple, reliable, and
economical to install and maintain, will suffice. Larger institutions with
more complex requirements will require more complex systems. Larger
institutions may have in-house staff who monitor their systems, and may
also have a backup power supply in the event of power loss. Once
installed, systems need to be inspected, tested, and maintained by a
competent person and in accordance with applicable codes.

The fire triangle:

Fire is the state of combustion resulting from a chemical reaction that
requires the presence of three elements in proper combination:
- a fuel source (anything that burns),
- oxygen (a component of air), and
- an ignition source such as heat or a spark in order to
begin and develop.
This is often referred to as a "Fire Triangle".

For a fire to start three conditions must be met at the same time:

Source Of Fire
FIRE IGNITION (Nyalaan api)

Ignition in most fires is a process of transition from the input of heat to the
stable propagation of thermal wave supported by heat release from
combustion.

It occur only when there is initial heat input from an ignition source and is
then followed by combustion reaction sufficient to establish a thermal
wave

Ignition refers to the appearance of a flame in the volatile gas stream

evolved from a solid exposed to external ignition sources such as a flame
or an electrical spark.

Some typical sources of ignition include:

Exterior and natural sources such as lightning, proximity to forest, bush or

grass fires, exposure to adjacent burning buildings or exterior trash
containers, etc.;

Electrical sources such as faulty or overloaded wiring, electrical panels,

electrical equipment and appliances, and HVAC (heating/ventilation/air
conditioning) systems;

Proximity of combustible materials to a heat source such as portable

heaters;

Open flames such as candles and food warmers used during catered
events;

Interpretive fires" such as fireplaces, cook stoves, candles, blacksmith

shops, etc.;

Construction and renovation activities such as hot work (i.e. welding, paint
removal, cutting, etc.), the use of casting materials that produce heat,
etc.;

Improper use, storage, and/or disposal of flammable liquids such as paint

thinners;

Smoking materials;

Gas leaks; and

Arson.

ii) FUELS

Fuels are materials that burn.

The higher the temperature, the easier and quicker they burn.

Common fuels include:

-Solvents such as acetone, alcohols, and toluene
-Gases such as acetylene and propane
--

Solids such as wood and paper

iii) OXIDIZERS

Oxidizers: Oxygen or other substances capable of releasing oxygen to a

fire

Common oxidizers include:

-acids, especially nitric and perchloric acids
-chlorine dioxide

-Others such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate

SPREADING OF FIRE
Fire is spread by three methods:
i.

Convection

ii. Conduction
iii. Radiation

Fire is spread by three methods:

i.

Convection

Fire and smoke spread by convection is the most dangerous and causes
the major proportion of injuries and deaths.

When fire starts in an enclosed space such as a building, the smoke rising
from the fire becomes trapped by the ceiling and then spreads in all
directions to form an ever-deepening layer over the entire room space.

The smoke will pass through any holes or gaps in the walls, ceiling and
floor into other parts of the building.

The heat from the fire gets trapped in the building and the temperature
rises

ii.

Conduction

Some materials, such as metal can absorb heat readily and transmit it to
other rooms by conduction, where it can set fire to combustible items that are in
contact with the heated material.
iii.

Radiation

Radiation transfers heat in the air in the same way that an electric bar
heater heats a room.

Any material close to a fire will absorb the heat until the item starts to
smoulder and then burn

Gambar fire prevention jadual

dalam building note

TYPES OF SYSTEM:

Sprinkler Systems:
Wet Sprinkler Systems:
Sprinkler systems often rely on water to extinguish the blaze. The water is
delivered by a network of pipes to the sprinkler heads, which opened to deliver
the water. Sprinkler systems are often integrated to the fire alarm system, which
warns occupants and summons the fire department automatically. Water
sprinklers are common in office buildings, retail stores, and heated warehouses.

The sprinkler system is designed to extinguish a fire without

human activity.

It is especially useful in unattended buildings.

The heart of sprinkler system is the sprinkler head.

When there is a fire underneath a sprinkler head, the heat from the fire
will cause the glass bulb in the sprinkler head to burst.

The glass bulb acts like a plug for the pressurized water in the piping
system.

Once the glass bulb breaks, the water shoots out from the sprinkler.

The sprinkler rose is designed to spread out the water falling over the fire.

As in the wet riser system, the pipes distributing the water is constantly
under pressure.

A different set of pumps is used to maintain the pressure in the system.

The sprinkler pumps are called duty, stand-by, and jockey pumps.

Their function is exactly the same as for wet riser pumps.

The only difference is in the system they serve.

Since the sprinkler system serve unattended areas, it is important that

humans can be alerted whenever they are activated.

For this purpose, flow switches are installed at each sprinkler zone.

Whenever a sprinkler is activated, water flows out from the pipes to the
sprinkler head.

The flow of the water through a zone pipe activates a flow switch.

The electrical signal from the flow switch activates an alarm at the Main
Fire Alarm panel.

Each zone is provided with an isolation valve, a flow switch, and a test
drain valve.

Depending on the size of the building, there may be several water riser
pipes supplying to all the floors of a building.

Pressure gauges, check valves, and alarm gongs are installed in each riser.

The alarm gong is actuated by the flow of water through the check valve
and not by electrical signal of the individual sprinkler zones.

A typical sprinkler pump installation has the following:

a) Sprinkler Jockey Pump

If a leak exist in the sprinkler network, the jockey pump starts in order to
compensate for the leak.

A pressure switch starts the pump at 100 psi, and stops it at 135 psi.

b) Sprinkler Duty Pump

If the pressure drops below 75 psi, it means a sprinkler head have been
activated, in the building.

The duty pump will start.

c) Sprinkler Stand-by Pump

If for any reason the pressure continues to drop to 50 psi, it means either
the duty pump has not started or is not available (under repair...etc.). The
stand-by pump will then start.

d) Stopping of Duty or Stand-by pump

Once any sprinkler comes into operation - by bursting of the liquid filled
bulbs - the duty or stand-by pump will not stop automatically.

There is no cutout pressure for these pumps.

They have to be switched off manually.

When the running pump has been manually stopped, the jockey pump will
continue to build up the pressure in the system until it reaches its cutout
pressure of 135 psi.

Fire Brigade System

When a big fire has occurred in a building, the fire brigade has to be called
in.

It is important that the road is clear for the fire engines to come in.

Therefore it is very important for the owner of the building to ensure that
the gates, road, and fire brigade devices are not blocked.

It is also important that these devices are maintained in good order.

Some of the fire brigade devices are discussed below:

Four-Way Breaching Inlets

A typical high-rise building will have one four-way breaching inlet for
sprinkler tank, and one for the wet riser tank.

They are normally installed near the ground floor or lower ground floor,
where it is easy for the fire engines to come in.

These devices allow the fire brigade to pump water into the tanks in case
they have been emptied during fire fighting operations.

Street Hydrants

Street pillars hydrants are provided as an external source of water besides

the fire fighting tanks located in the building.

The fire brigade can connect to these pillar hydrants to get additional
pressurized water for fighting the building fire.

Fireman Switch

There are a few types of fireman switches.

They help to prevent accidents caused by electrical leakage during a fire

in a building.

When the firefighters use water hoses to shoot or spray on the fire, it is
rather dangerous for them when the electrical supply is still live.

There is a risk of electrocution.

Water can conduct electricity.

Visibility is very poor during those times, and the building structures
containing electrical wiring may have collapsed.

Dry Sprinklers Systems:

Sprinkler systems can also rely on dry chemicals to extinguish a fire. These are
perfect for areas where water might freeze, like loading docks. For more
information on dry chemicals, please see Services Special Hazards.

Pre-Action Systems:
Pre-action systems are often used in storage freezers and computer applications.
These systems are activated by an automated detection system. Charged with
air these pipes prevent the unwanted release of water into the risk.

There are several types of Preaction Sprinkler Systems.

1. Non-Interlock
An automatic sprinkler control valve (typically a deluge valve) is
activated, by either a sprinkler head opening or the detection system
activating. Water is discharged into the piping and is discharged out of
the now open sprinkler (if it has opened).
2. Single-Interlock
The detection system activates the automatic sprinkler control valve
(deluge valve), allowing water to flow into the piping system. However,
if no sprinklers have activated the water remains in the piping without
discharging. If sufficient heat is created by the fire, on or more sprinkler
heads will activate. This wil allow the water to flow out of the sprinkler
and begin to control or extinguish the fire. In addition to a sprinkler
opening, a supervisory signal is provided to the control panel indicating
a loss of air pressure.
3. Double-Interlock
Water is only discharged after two operations have occurred. Both a
sprinkler head must open (loss of air pressure) AND a detection device
must activate. When both of these things have occurred, then and only
then with the automatic sprinkler control valve (deluge valve) open and
begin discharging water into the piping system.

Deluge Systems:
Deluge systems work quickly to flood an area with water. These are used in areas
where flammable liquids are handled and stored, aircraft hangars, and hazardous
areas where water is the best fire suppression tool. The rate of water flow is
determined by the predicted fire hazard.

Fire Alarm System:

When fire breaks out, time is of the essence. Early detection is crucial to save
lives, protect stock, and mitigate the damage to your business. Fire alarm
systems can give early warning, allowing for fast evacuation. Automated systems
also contact the fire department, initiate ventilation procedures, and even print a
map to the blaze.
A detection device detects smoke, heat, and even manual input from pull
stations. An alarm is then sounded, usually bells or horns. The alarm device may
be equipped with speakers, allowing for voice communications systems.
A typical Main Fire Alarm system for a high rise commercial center is designed as
described below:

A fire control room fitted with a Central Processing Unit ( CPU ) and a
mimic panel.

The panel uses LED to display the location and state of sensors

Sixteen (16) Remote Panel Processing Units ( RPPU ), mainly located at the
staircases.

They collect signals from sensors and also dispatch signals to actuators.

The CPU collects incoming signals from all the RPPU and dispatches
outgoing signals to actuators through the RPPU

All the signals are 24 Volts D.C.

The main alarm system is normally operating on AC supply.

In case of power supply failure, stand-by batteries are provided for a 72

hours operation

The input signals coming from the sensors are the Breakglass, Flow
switches, Smoke detectors.

The latter are located at the staircases and in the AHU rooms.

These signals are collected in the RPPU before being sent to the CPU to
indicate a normal status, a line fault, or an alarm.

The output signals are sent to the actuators.

These can be contactors or motors to stop AHU, lifts, activate roller

shutters, alarm bells, pressurization fans, smoke spill fans, and fire
dampers.

These signals are controlled by the CPU before being dispatched through
RPPU to the correct location

Activation of fire alarm

When the fire alarm panel is activated by either breakglass, smoke

detector or sprinkler flow switch, the following will occur immediately:

i.

The printer will print out the exact location and time the event occurred,

ii.

A LED will blink on the mimic panel indicating both the floor concerned
and the kind of the sensor responsible for the alarm activation.

iii.

The fire control room buzzer will start.

iv.

The CPU will send signals to:

Stop the AHU on the floor the alarm occur

Start all the smoke spill fans and open the motorized fire dampers
on the concerned floor and close those on the other floors

Start the Pressurization fans for all the lift lobbies and regulate the
pressure in the lift lobbies of the concerned floor using the lift lobby
differential pressure device and the associated motorized fire
damper.

Start the alarm bell continuously for the concerned floor and
intermittently for the floor above and below.

Close the roller shutters of the concerned floor after three minutes
time.

In
di
ca
te

the signals sent on the fire alarm display panel with LED

Acknowledgement of the alarm

A person on duty should then acknowledge the alarm by pressing a push

button at the fire control room.

The buzzer will then stop but the alarm will still be active.

Action needs to be taken to determine whether the fire is real or not.

For a false alarm, the choice will be to isolate the sensor alarm in order to
stop all signals and interrupt the fire sequence.

If it is a real fire, the signal will come again after 5 minutes.

A general alarm sounds automatically.

The CPU will send signals to start the alarm bells continuously for all the
floors of the building.

The general alarm can also be manually activated through the Manual
Evacuate switch.

Fire Intercom System

The fire intercom system is used for communications from several

locations to the fire control room.

It can be used by the public as well as firemen to give valuable information

on the state of a fire.

A typical fire intercom network serves all the staircases from the basement
right up to highest floors of a building, the lift motor rooms.

Below is some information on how it works:

As soon as somebody picks up the handset in any staircase, the buzzer

located at the fire alarm control room will ring.

A LED will light up to specify the location of the calling party.

Once the operator at the fire alarm control picks up the phone,
communication can start.

From the fire alarm control room, calls can also be directed to a specific
location in the building using the location address number.

The handset at the staircase will then ring.

As soon as a person picks up the phone, communication can start.

Fire
Intercom System

Alarm System Components:

Detector units rely on a number of clues to determine whether a fire is present.
They work to detect heat, smoke, or flame. Some detect hazardous gases; others
rely on the rate of temperature increase.
Once a fire is suspected, a signal is sent to the fire alarm panel. This panel
receives the alarm signal; sounds the alarm; notifies the fire department and
building management; closes fire doors; shuts down essential building systems;
and starts ventilation devices, if applicable.
An Emergency Warning and Evacuation System is designed to evacuate the
building in case of emergency. It is a critical element of any life-safety system.
The evacuation alarm is triggered by either a signal from the fire alarm panel, or
by the activation of a break-glass alarm. Warning sirens will sound in relevant
areas, triggering the safe evacuation of personnel.

Conventional-collective:
Conventional-collective detector systems are the most cost-effective option. The
detector units monitor the air for smoke. However, the detectors can be
confused by non-fire phenomena, like tobacco smoke, steam, and dust. Each
circuit can contain up to 40 detectors.

Analogue addressable:
Analog addressable detector systems maintain constant communication with the
fire alarm panel. The protected area is continuously monitored, seeking changes

in temperature or air quality. If the fire is suspected, information is sent to the

fire alarm panel which analyzes the signals. The fire alarm panel decides whether
to trigger the alarm, allowing for safe evacuation of the building. Analogue
addressable systems can also indicate the location of the fire.

Special Hazard Systems:

Water-based fire suppression systems are the most common and the most cost
effective. However, certain applications require special handling. Areas that
contain sophisticated electronics, electrical equipment, or sensitive
documentation require a different system than that used to fight an oil or grease
fire.
Force Fire offers a variety of fire suppression systems for any application. We
work with you to design and install a system that meets your needs and budget.

Clean Agent Suppression System:

Clean Agent suppression system, also called a gaseous system, provides a
waterless alternative to fire suppression. That makes it perfect for areas
containing sensitive electronics and documents, telecommunication and military
equipment. Theres no residue, no flood, and no mess to clean up after. Best of
all, these gases are safe to breathe, so theres no risk of suffocation.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Suppression Systems:

Carbon dioxide fire suppression systems are an inexpensive and effective
alternative for large unoccupied areas. This application is perfect for chemical
storage, transformer rooms, turbines, generator plants, and food manufacturing
facilities. The gas is stored in tanks and delivered to the site of the blaze through
a system of pipes.

Carbon dioxide is an inert gas used for putting out fire.

It does this by displacing the oxygen that is necessary for combustion.

Because it is a gas, care must be taken to ensure that fresh air is not
allowed to interfere during the process of putting out a fire.

Carbon dioxide is particularly useful when dealing with electrical fires.

Carbon dioxide flooding system is used for switch rooms containing high
voltages.

If there is a fire in these rooms, it is rather dangerous for the firefighters to

handle.

The rooms will contain live and high voltage electrical supplies.

The transformers may contain oil that can burn or explode.

The only sensible thing to do when fighting this type of fire is to close off
all the air and displace it with carbon dioxide.

With no oxygen available, the fire will eventually die off

Carbon Dioxide Panels

These systems are installed for any room with important electrical or
highly inflammable equipment.

They are powered by AC mains supply.

Stand-by batteries provide 72 hours of operation in case of power

interruption.

Each system consists of a control panel connected to one or several heat

detectors, smoke detectors, CO2 cylinders, actuator devices and indicating
lights.

These panels are located near to the rooms to be protected.

Both heat and smoke detectors are installed for such a flooding system.

They have to be activated together before the CO2 will discharge.

This is to prevent false signals activating the discharging mechanisms.

The status of any CO2 panel can be monitored at the Main Fire Control
room.

There are two different modes to activate the alarm of the CO2 panels and
subsequent discharge of CO2 from the cylinders into the room on fire:

Automatic mode

Activation of the alarms starts when both the heat and smoke detectors paired up into 2 zones - have been activated by fire occurring in the
protected room.

When one detector senses the fire, the alarm bell of the system rings
intermittently.

Once both types of sensors are activated, the alarm bell becomes
continuous.

After 20 to 30 seconds a signal is sent to the cylinders plunger-actuating

device.

The CO2 is discharged into the room.

Manual mode

Activation is made with the breakglass key switch.

By turning the key switch, the alarm bell rings, and the CO2 is discharged
immediately.

In rooms that contain ventilation louvers, it is important to seal them off

when discharging CO2 gas.

In these cases, the signal for discharging the gas also activates a fire
curtain in the room.

The curtain above the louver drops down and covers up all of them.

Sometimes the signals may be activated accidentally.

All the rooms that are so protected have red and green indication lamps
installed above their doors.

A room that is filled with CO2 does not support combustion.

Anyone who goes into such a gas-filled room can become unconscious due
to lack of oxygen.

Whenever gas is discharged, the red lamp above the door will be lighted.
Persons must enter only when the green light is on.

Waterspray Systems:
Water remains an effective and inexpensive method to fight some types of fire.
Water is cheap and plentiful, and cleanup is easy. There are no harmful chemicals
to sicken people. Water spray systems can be delivered using several methods.
Often, a series of pipes leads to a sprinkler system.

Pre-engineered Foam:
Pre-engineered foam fire suppression systems are most commonly used on fuel
fires, though are effective on a wide range of blazes. They create a frothy blanket
that covers the flames, smothering them. For this reason, foam is often used in
aircraft hangars, maintenance garages, and the steel industry.

Wet Chemicals

Wet chemical fire suppression systems react with hot oil, extinguishing the fire
quickly. This system is common in food manufacturing facilities and commercial
kitchens. Installed near the cooking appliances and duct work, it reacts quickly to
tame the blaze.

Wet Riser System

The wet riser system described below is a typical installation in a

high-rise building.

It is used to supply water from the wet riser water tank, through
wet riser pipes, distributed to each floor, and ending at the
canvas hoses and hose reels.

The pipes supplying water to the hoses are pressurized all the time.

Three pumps supply the water from the tank to the hoses.

The pumps are the duty pump, the stand-by pump, and the jockey
pump.

Pressure switches along the pipe control the starting of each pump.

The wet riser canvas hoses are located at each lift lobby.

Each canvas hose has a diameter of 65 mm and a length of 30 m.

When the hoses are in use, the pressure at each floor is controlled by
landing valves that return excess pressurized water back to the wet riser
tank through drain pipes.

The hose reels are also located at each lift lobby.

Pressure reducers are installed at the end of each wet riser pipe to supply
a lower pressured water to hose reels.

When the valves of the hoses are opened, pressurized water will shoot out
through the nozzles of the hoses.

The pressure in the piping will drop.

The pressure switches at the pump room will sense the drop in pressure
and the pumps will start to pressurize the pipe again.

A typical system for a high-rise building is described below.

The pressures are monitored at the pump room to control the pumps.

a) Jockey Pump

The first pump to start will be the jockey pump.

The controlling pressure switch is set to start the pump at a pressure of

150 psi and stop it when the pressure reaches 230 psi.

If a small leak exist in the wet riser piping - either on the wet riser or hose
reel - the pump will start in order to compensate for the leak.

b) Duty Pump

If the pressure drops below 125 psi, this means a wet riser landing valve or
a hose reel gate valve has been opened.

The pressure switch that senses this set pressure activates and starts the
duty pump.

c) Stand-by Pump

If for any reason the pressure continues to drop below 125 psi, it means
either the duty pump has not started or is not available (under
repair...etc.).

The stand-by pump then takes over the function that is not performed by
the duty pump.

The stand-by pump is set to cut-in at 95 psi.

Once the water flow is not needed any more the pressure builds up in the
piping network.

The duty or stand-by pumps stops after the cutout pressure is reached at
220 psi.

The jockey pump continues to run until the system pressure reaches its
cutout pressure of 230 psi.

For a low building, the system will be less complicated.

However, the purpose of supplying water to the fire fighting hoses is

maintained.

Portable Fire Extinguishers:

Portable fire extinguishers are the first line of defense. They can extinguish small
fires, quickly and effectively. Australian law mandates that portable fire
extinguishers be installed in all workplaces, whether or not other fire suppression
systems are in place. We also recommend that commercial vehicles be outfitted
with portable fire extinguishers.
Portable fire extinguishers are installed in high traffic areas, often on the wall.
This allows easy access in case of an emergency. All employees should be

trained in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers; instructions are printed
on the side.

Portable fire extinguishers are generally required by code.

In the hands of trained individuals, they can be an effective tool in

extinguishing small, contained fires.

It is important to select the correct type of extinguisher for the type of

fire.

If the wrong type of extinguisher is used, it could be ineffective, or even

dangerous, in combating a fire.

As an example, a water-based extinguisher used on a live electrical fire

could result in a serious electrical shock to the person attempting to
extinguish the fire.

If used on a flammable liquid or grease fire, the water could cause the
fire to spread.

The type of extinguisher chosen for a certain area should be based on the
expected type of fire for that area.

Gambar m/s 47 /
48

The four main classes of fires and extinguishers used in building

are:
a) Class A common combustibles
b) Class B flammable liquids
c) Class C energized electrical
d) Class D combustible metals such as magnesium and sodium

Many institutions have standardized their extinguishers to facilitate use

and

training.
Class-ABC, multi-purpose extinguishers are now often used throughout

building on the advice of the fire department, thereby eliminating the risk
of someone using an inappropriate agent.

COLOUR CODING OF MEDIUM

Hydrants and Hose Reel Systems:

Fire hydrants and hose reels provide a fast, effective way to deliver large
quantities of water to the scene of a fire.
Force Fire starts by analyzing your needs and building to determine the solution
that is right for you. Using that information, we design a hose reel system that
provides maximum protection for your business. We install all necessary
equipment water tanks, pumps, pipes, hose reels, and/or hydrant outlets.
Detectors:
There are a few types of detectors that can be chosen to install as a fire
precaution.

Point Detectors
Point detectors give the most choice of all systems in the method of operation,
with heat (fixed temperature and/or rate of rise) smoke (ionisation or optical),
combined heat and smoke, or Carbon monoxide detection being readily
available. This enables the system to be tailored to the risk being monitored, to
give the best coverage whilst avoiding false alarms Detectors that are recessed,
or placed above holes in the ceilings, or hidden behind beams and lights are also
ineffective.

Smoke Detector:
A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke. The smoke detectors send a
signal to the fire alarm system. Most smoke detectors work by either optical
detection using photoelectric cell or by ionization. The smoke detectors are
usually powered by the central fire alarm system which is powered by the
building power with a battery backup. The smoke detectors will automatically
send a signal to the fire alarm control panel whenever smoke is detected at the
specific area so that further action can be taken.

FIRE APPLIANCES SYMBOLS IN ESCAPE ROUTE

Tambah m/s 58
Letak plan poli

Escape and Emergency Lights:

Fire exit route is the most simple fire protection system. Occupants are required
to escape from the building according to the direction of the fire exit route during
fire emergency. Emergency fire drills will be held from time to time to make sure
the occupants are familiar with the fire exit route.

Exit Sign:
Exit signs are signs in a building which show location of the emergency exit. The
sign is permanently illuminated as visibility may be reduced due to smoke or
electrical lighting failure. Figure 2 shows an example of exit sign above the fire
door.
Staircase Pressurization System :
The staircase pressurization system is an important element in the building fire
safety system. This objective of this system is to create a safe environment in
egress staircases, allowing building occupants to escape the building in a safe
manner. The main mechanisms by which the stairs are made safe are by
guaranteeing structural protection of the stair enclose and by elevating the
pressure within the stairwell to ensure that smoke cannot enter. This can be done
by fixing a fan on the top floor of the stairwell. The fan can be controlled from the
fire alarm control panel and it will be activated when there is a fire in the building
so that the staircase will be free from smoke.

Fire Lift:
Fire lifts are lifts that can be used by fire fighters during emergencies to access to
different floors of a building. It is different to a passenger lift as fire lifts have
independent power supply. Hence, when there is a fire outbreak, the power to
the lobby lifts will be shut down and the fire fighters will use the fire lift to
transport themselves and also equipment to the location of the fire.

Fire Door:
A fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating (sometimes referred to as a fire
protection rating for closures) used as part of a passive fire protection system to
reduce the spread of fire or smoke between compartments and to enable safe
egress from a building. Fire doors are usually made up of a combination of
materials such as timber, steel, gypsum, vermiculite boards and glass sections.
The construction of the fire door should comply with Malaysian Standards
requirements. Fire doors differ from conventional doors as the edges of a fire
door requires fire rated seals such as an intumescent strip which expands when
exposed to heat. All the fire doors are supplied with automatic door closers of the
hydraulic spring operated type. All fire doors have a fire rating which indicates
the fire resistance duration. There is usually a certification nailed on the top right
corner of each fire door.
Fire Hose Reel System:
A fire hose reel system consists of hose reels normally 30m in length fixed on
specific locations on all floors connected to a fire pump set. The hose has a
control nozzle to control the water direction and water flow. This system is

pressurised with a purpose of fighting any fire that might occur until the Fire &
Rescue Services arrive. A hose reel is usually provided near to the lift lobby of
every floor enclosed in a door.

Conclusions
Fire is a one of the subject that is always mistreated and ignored as far as
heritage building is concerned. Therefore, the most effective method to eliminate
the risks of fire is to conduct a fire risk assessment regularly with close
monitoring and reviewing; i.e. prevention is better than cure. Indeed, academic
block building owner or manager should play an important role in safeguarding
their building and must possess a good fire safety management.

Other Things Involved in a Fire Safety Inspection:

Electrical components and appliances

Hazardous materials
Evacuation plans
Heat, ventilation, and air conditioning

REFERENCES

Salleh H.N., Ahmad A.G., Fire Safety Management In Heritage Buildings:

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