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MBA Semester 3
QM0021-Statistical Process Control
(Book ID: B1725)
Assignment (60 Marks)
Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each.
Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60.
Q1. (a) What are the two main causes of variation? Explain.
(b) Define the term process. Give an example of process.
Answer. a. Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a
process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and
W. Edwards Deming. Briefly, "common causes", also called Natural patterns, are the
usual, historical, quantifiable variation in a system, while "special causes" are
unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation.
In manufacturing, quality is defined

Q2. (a) What is meant by Standard Deviation?

(b) Calculate the standard deviation of the following data, which represents
the number of defective products by a machine: 4, 2, 5, 8 and 6.

Answer. a. Standard deviation: In statistics, the standard deviation (SD, also

represented by the Greek letter sigma or s) is a measure that is used to quantify the
amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values. A standard deviation close to
0 indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean (also called the
expected value) of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the data
points are spread out over a wider

Q3. a) Give the meaning of the following basic terminologies in Probability:

i) Sample Space
ii) Mutually Exclusive events
b) Mention the properties of probability.
c) Define the term random variable.

Answer. a. In probability theory, the sample space of an experiment or random trial

is the set of all possible outcomes or results of that experiment. A sample space is
usually denoted using set notation, and the possible outcomes are listed as elements
in the set. It is common to refer to a sample space by the labels S, , or U (for
"universal set").
For example, if the experiment is tossing a coin, the sample space is typically the set
{head, tail}. For tossing two coins, the

Q4. (a) Differentiate between accuracy and precision.

(b) Write a brief note on Funnel Experiment.
Answer.
Accuracy is defined as, "The ability of a measurement to match the actual value of
the quantity being measured". If in reality it is 34.0 F outside and a temperature
sensor reads 34.0 F, then than sensor is accurate.
Precision is defined as,
(1) The ability of a measurement to be consistently reproduced.
(2) The number of significant

Q5. Define the terms: process capability and process stability. Explain Cp
index and Cpk index.
Answer. Process Stability refers to the consistency of the process with respect to
important process characteristics such as the average value of a key dimension or the
variation in that key dimension. If the process behaves consistently over time, then
we say that the process is stable or in control. The graphic below illustrates a stable
process. The process

Q6. Give the meaning of the following:

i) Hypothesis testing
ii) Control chart
iii) Experimental design
iv) Acceptance Sampling
Answer. i) Hypothesis testing: A statistical hypothesis is a hypothesis that is

testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random
variables.A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference. Commonly,
two statistical data sets are compared, or a data set obtained by sampling is
compared against a synthetic data set from an idealized model. A hypothesis is
proposed for the statistical relationship between the two

FALL-2015
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