SELY OKTAVIOLITA ASRI

21080114120029

KELAS A TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

Nama : Sely Oktaviolita Asri

Problem 8.1
Problem: A rapid-mixing basin is to be designed for a water coagulation plant,
and

the

design

flow for the basin is 4.0 MGD. The basin is to be square with depth equal to 1.25
times

the

width. The velocity gradient is to be 900 s -1 (at 50O F), and the detention time is
30

sec.

Determine:
a) The basin dimensions if increments of 1 in. are used.
b) The input horsepower.
c) The impeller speed if a vane-disc impeller with six flat blades is employed and
the

tank

is

baffled. The impeller diameter is to be 50% of the basin width.

Approach: First, we solve for the volume of the tank by using the flow rate and
the

detention

time. We then use this volume to compute basin dimensions. Then, we use the
velocity

gradient

and the kinematic viscosity to obtain power. Lastly, we use the knowledge of
impeller

relations

to obtain impeller speed.

Variables:
= detention time

= absolute viscosity of water

x = length and width of basin

D = diameter of impeller

G = velocity gradient

n = impeller velocity

d = depth of basin

= Volume of basin

Q = flow rate

W = Power imparted

P = Power input

= water density

Solution:
a) First, we need to calculate the volume of the basin. We accomplish this
through the following:

=Q x =

4 x 106 gals
1 day
1 hour 1min
1 ft 3
x
x
x
x
x 30 seconds=185.68 ft 3
1 day
24 hours 60 min 60 sec 7.48 gal

We now take this volume and equate it to the following:

=x 2 x d d=1.25 x =1.25 x 3

SELY OKTAVIOLITA ASRI

21080114120029

KELAS A TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

x= 3

3 185.68 ft
=
=5.3 feet 5 ft 4
1.25
1.25

Now, solving for depth:

d=1.25 x=1.25 x 5.3 feet=6.675 feet ft8

Summary:
Basin Dimensions: 5ft-4in x 5ft-4in x 6ft-8in
b) First, we need to calculate the power imparted:

ftlb
secft 3
2
1 2
W =G x =(900 s ) x

2.73 x 105=22.113

Now, we can solve for the total power:

P=W x =22.113

3
ft lb
ftlb
x ( 5.33' ) x ( 6.67' ) =4193
3
sec
secft

Lastly, we convert to horsepower:

P=419 as 3

ftlb
sec
x
x hp=7.62 hp
sec 550 ft lb

c) For this, we simply need the following equation:

2.667 ft

ftlb
sec
rev 60 sec
=1.41
x
=84.5 rpm
1 /3
sec 1min
5.75 x ( 5 x 1.936)

1/ 3
P
n=
=
K t D5
4193

Problem 8.2
a) The Basin Dimensions
15140 m3 1 min
V=
x
x30s
1440 min 60 s
V =5. 26 m3
The dimensions as given by
w x w x ( 1.25 w )=5. 26 m3

SELY OKTAVIOLITA ASRI

21080114120029

KELAS A TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

1.25 w3=5.26 m3
w 3=4.208 m
w=1.61 m
Now, solving for length:
H=1.25 w=1.25 ( 1.61 )=2.0125 m
The basin dimensions
w=1.61 m
H=2.0125 m
b) First, we need to calculate the power imparted:
2

1 2

W =G x =( 900 s ) x 0.00131=1061.1

N m
sm3

Now, we can solve for the total power:

1061.1
P=W x =

Nm
x 5.26 m3
3
sm
N m
J
=5581.38
=5581 =5581 w
3
s
s
m

c) The impeller speed is a vane-disc impeller with six flat blade is employed and
the tank is baffled. The impeller diameter is to be 0% of the bacin width

Kr=5.75 d=50 w=0.5 x 1.61=0.805 m

For this, we simply need the following equation:

P
n=
K t D5

1/ 3

5581 w
=
5.75 x 0.806 m x 999.7 kg/m2

) (

1/ 3

=1.20

rev 60 sec
x
=72rps
sec 1 min

Problem 8.3
Problem: A flocculation basin is to be designed for a water coagulation
plant,

and

the

design

flow is 13.0 MGD. The basin is to be a cross-flow horizontal-shaft, paddlewheel

type

with

mean velocity gradient of 26.7 s-1 (at 500F), a detention time of 45 min,
and

GT

value

from

50,000 to 100,000. Tapered flocculation is to be provided, and three

compartments

of

equal

SELY OKTAVIOLITA ASRI

21080114120029

KELAS A TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

depth in series are to be used, as shown in Figure 8.19(b). The

compartments

are

to

be

separated

by slotted, redwood baffle fences, and the basin floor is level. The G
values are to be 50, 20, and 10s-1. The flocculation basin is to have a width
of 90ft to adjoin the settling basin. The paddle wheels are to have blades
with a 6 in width and a length of 10ft. The outside blades should clear the
floor by 1 ft and be 1 ft below the water surface. There are to be six
blades per paddle wheel, and the blades should have a spacing of 1 ft.
Adjacent paddle wheels should have a clear spacing of 30 to 36 in.
between blades. The wall clearance is 12 to 18 in. Determine:
a) The basin Dimensions
b) The paddle-wheel design
c) The power to be imparted to the water in each compartment and the
total power required for the basin.
d) The range in rotational speed for each compartment if 1:4 variable
speed

drives

are

employed.
Approach: To begin, well solve for the GT value. Also, well solve for the
dimensions

of

the

basin using a volume equation compared with the flow. From this, we will
assume

square

compartments in profile (depth = length for each profile). This will give us
our

dimensions.

Using those dimensions, we can solve for the paddle wheel design
relatively

easily

with

the

restrictions given. From here, we can use the viscosity of the water, the
separate G values and the volume of each compartment to solve for the
power (in hp) required for each compartment. We then simply add those
up to obtain total power. Lastly, we can use relations of water speed
versus rotational speed to obtain the rotations in rpms (the range).
Variables:
= detention time

G = velocity gradient

x = width of basin

d = depth of basin

SELY OKTAVIOLITA ASRI

21080114120029

KELAS A TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

Q = flow rate

= Volume of basin

= absolute viscosity of water

P = Power imparted

d = diameter of paddle wheel

L = Length of Basin

v = blade velocity relative to

GT = GT value

water

Solution:
a) To begin, we need to check that the GT value will fall in the appropriate
range

(50,000-

100,000):
=G x =

26.7
60 sec
x 45 min x
=72.090
sec
1min

50.000 72.090 100.000 ok

Next, we compute the volume of the entire basin:
13.0 HGD 1hour
1 ft
=Q=
x
x 45 min x
=5.43 x 104 ft 3
24
60 min
7.48
We already know the width of the basin, so we can divide that out to
obtain

the

profile

area

of

the basin:
4

5.43 x 10 ft
d x L= =
=603.46 10 4 ft 3
x
90 ft
To obtain that each of profiles of the compartments is a square, we
assume

that

per

compartment,

length = depth. Therefore:

d x 3 s=603.46 10 4 ft 3 d=14 ft 2 Ltot=42 ft6
Final basin dimensions:
}
=54187.5 {ft} ^ {3}
L=42' 6 ' ' x=90' d=14' 2
b) If we assume a six-blade paddle wheel design and that both clearances
from

the

top

and

bottom of 1 ft, we will try and get our D1 to match accordingly.

1
1
D 1=d 2 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( d' ) =14.17 ft 2 ( 1 ft ) 2 x 0.5 ft =11.67 ft 11.6 ft
2
2

We also know that each of the other diameters is equal to twice the
spading

between

blades

plus

the width of each blade multiplied by two.

D 2=D12 ( 1 ft )2 ( d' ) =11.6 ft2 ( 1 ft )2 ( 0.5 ft ) =8.6 ft
D 3=D22 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( d ' ) =8.6 ft 2 (1 ft )2 ( 0.5 ft )=5.6 ft
Now that the wheel dimensions are known, we need to calculate how
many paddle wheels per arm. To accomplish this, we take the total

width of the basin and subtract out the minimum wheel spacing
between wheels and the minimum spacing between the walls. Note: the
spacing between wheels will be a function of the number of wheels
themselves, but the wall spacing will remain constant. Once we have
this number, we will round down to the nearest whole integer. We
cannot round up because this would mean we have exceeded our basin
width.
x=90 ft=n ( 10 ft ) +2 ( 1 ft ) +( n1)(2.5 ft )
n=7 wheels

We must now check our answer to make sure this number of wheels will
work. First, attempt to hold the wall clearances constant at 1ft and
increase wheel spacing, being sure not to cross the 36 in. clearance
limit.
x=90 ft=7 ( 10 ft ) +2 ( 1 ft ) +(71)( y)
y =3 ft

c) First, we must check that the total paddle blade areas are between 15
and

20%

of

the

total

cross-sectional area of each compartment. We start by calculating out

the total cross-sectional area of the blades in each compartment:
A=L' x d ' x 6 x 7=( 10 ft ) ( 0.5 ft ) ( 6 ) ( 7 )=210 ft 2
We now compare this to the area of each compartment that the blades
cover (width times depth):
occupied=

A blades
210 ft 2
x 100 =
x 100 =16.5
xxd
90 ft x 14.17 ft

This falls firmly between the bounds of 15-20%. Therefore, the following
equation can be used in solving for the power imparted on each shaft:
P1= x G2

lbs
= 2.73 x 105 2
3
ft

)( ) (
50
sec

54187.5 ft 3
ftlb
=1233
3
s

We simply repeat this step for compartments 2 and 3, changing the G

values to match:

54187.5 ft
ftlb
=197
3
s

54187.5 ft 3
ft lb
=49
3
s

P2= x G2

lbs
= 2.73 x 105 2
3
ft

)( ) (

P3= x G2

lbs
= 2.73 x 105 2
3
ft

)( ) (

(
(

20
sec
10
sec

)
)

To obtain the total energy required, we simply sum these:

Total power = 1479

ftlb
s

Problem 8.4
Solution:
a) The Basin Dimensions
m3
d 1min
V=
x
x 2700 s
1440 min 60 s
19,200

V =0.0133 x 0.0166 x 2.700=5.985

The dimensions as given by

w x w x ( 26.7 w )=5.985 m 3
3

26.7 w =5.985 m
3

w =0,224 m
w=0.473 m

Now, solving for length:

H=26.7 w=26.7 ( 0.473 )=12.6291 m
The basin dimensions
w=0.473

H=12.6291 m
b) The paddle wheel design
1 '
1
D 1=d 2 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( d ) =27.43 ft2 ( 1 ft ) 2 x 3.054=32.38 ft
2
2

D 2=D12 ( 1 ft )2 ( d' ) =32.38 ft2 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( 6 ft )=18.38 ft

D 3=D22 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( d ' ) =18.38 ft2 ( 1 ft ) 2 ( 3.05 ft )=10.28 ft
x=27.43 ft =n ( 10 ft ) +2 ( 1 ft )+(n1)(3.05 ft )
n=6 wheels

c) The power to be imparted to the water in each compartment

A=L' x d ' x 6 x 7=( 10 ft ) ( 0.5 ft ) ( 6 ) ( 7 )=210 ft 2
occupied=

A blades
210 ft 2
x 100 =
x 100 =12.38
xd
27.43 x 18.38

lbs
P1= x G = 3.05 x 105 2
3
ft

P2= x G2

lbs
= 3.05 x 105 2
3
ft

P3= x G2

lbs
= 3.05 x 105 2
3
ft

(
(

Total power = 154.995

50
sec

20
sec

10
sec

ftlb
=1270.832
)
)( ) ( 50000
3
s
ft lb
=203.33
)( ) ( 50000
3 )
s
ft lb
=50.833
)( ) ( 50000
3 )
s
ftlb
s

Problem 8.5
Problem: A pneumatic flocculation basin is to be designed for a tertiary
treatment plant having a flow of 5.0 MGD. The plant is to employ high-pH
lime coagulation, and the pertinent data for the flocculation basin are as
follows: detention time = 5min, G = 150s-1 (at 50O F), length = 2 times
width, depth = 9ft-10in, diffuser depth = 9ft-0in, and air flow = 4 cfm per
diffuser.
Determine:
a) The basin dimensions if 1in increments are used.
b) The total air flow in ft3/min.
c) The number of diffusers.

Approach: First, well solve for the basin dimensions the same way as
was solved for in the previous problem. Then, we can solve for the total air
flow by using a relation between power
Solution:
a) First, we need to calculate the volume of the basin. We accomplish this
through the following:
6

=Q x =

5 x 10 gals
1 day
1 hour 5 x 10 gals
x
x
x
x 5 minutes=2321 ft 3
1 day
24 hours 60 min
7.48 gal

We now take this volume and equate it to the following:

=w x L x d L=2 w d=9 ft10 ( 9.8333 ft )

w=

2
=2 w
9.833 ft

2321 ft 3
=
=10.86 feet 10 ft10
2 x 9.8333
2 x 9.8333

Now, solving for length:

L=2 w=2 x 10.86 feet =21.72 feet 21 ft9

Summary:
Basin Dimensions: 10ft-10in x 21ft-9in x 9ft-10in
b) To begin, well solve for the power:
1 2

P=G = ( 150 s ) x ( 2.73 x 10 ) x ( 10.8333 ft x 21.75 ft x 9.8333 ft )

1423,2

ft lb
sec

Now, we use this power in the following equation to solve for air flow:
P=C 1 G a log

h+ c 2
c2

( )

Where:
h = height of diffuser
C1 = 81.5 (British Units)

c2 = 34 (British Units)
Rearranging and solving:
Ga=

P
1423.2
ft 3
=
=171.2
min
h+c 2
9 ft +34
81.5 x log
C 1 log
34
c2

( )

c) For this, we simply divide the total air flow provided by the amount
required

per

diffuser

cfm):
171.2
Diffusers=

ft 3
min

ft 3
4
per diffuser
min

=42.8 diffusers 43 diffusers

(4

Problem 8.7
a) Basin Dimension
3

V=

875 m 1min
x
x 35 s
20 min 60 s

V =43.75 x 0.0166 x 35=25.520 m3

The dimensions as given by
w x w x ( 1.25 w )=25.520 m 3
3

1.25 w =25.520 m
w=2.247 m

Now, solving for length:

H=1.25 w=1.25 ( 2.247 )=2.809 m
The basin dimensions
w=2.247

H=2.809 m
b) Impeller Diameter
c) Impeller Speed
Kr=1.54 K t =7.0 d=30
First, we need to calculate the power imparted:
2

W =G x =(35) x( 0.00131)=1.604

Nm
sm

Now, we can solve for the total power:

P=W x =1.60475 x 25,520=40.95322

For this, we simply need the following equation:

n=

40.95322
1.65 x 0.3 x 94600

1/ 3

) (
=

40.95322
46827

1/ 3

= 8.7456=0,00295=1.74 rpm

Problem 8.8
a. Basin Dimension

V=

94600 1 min
x
x 35 s
20 min 60 s

V =4 730 x 0.0166 x 35=2759.167 m3

The dimensions as given by
w x w x ( 1.25 w )=2759.167 m 3
3

1.25 w =2759.167 m
w=6.854 m

Now, solving for length:

H=1.25 w=1.25 ( 6.854 ) =8.567 m
The basin dimensions
w=6.854

H=8.567 m

b. Impeller Diameter
c. Impeller Speed
Kr=1.65 Kt=7.0 d=30
First, we need to calculate the power imparted:

W =G2 x =6.854 x 1.25=8.5675 m

Now, we can solve for the total power:

P=W x =8.5675 x 2759.167=19355.413

For this, we simply need the following equation:

n=

19355.413
1.65 x 0.3 x 94600

1/ 3

) (
=

19355.413
46827

1 /3

=0,64 rps=38.57 rpm