FUNDAMENTALS OF

CLOUD COMPUTING

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FUNDAMENTALS OF
CLOUD COMPUTING

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

Associate Professor
School of Computer Engineering
KIIT University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Manas Ranjan Kabat
Reader and Head
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
VSS University of Technology, Burla
Sambalpur, Odisha
Souvik Pal
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Nalanda Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

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ISBN: 978 9325 976108

First Edition 2014

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To Dr. Rajib Mall : The Great Teacher

Prasant
To Sree Sree Thakur Anukul Chandra: The Supreme of Love
Manas
To Maa, Baba: Constant Sources of Inspiration
Souvik

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 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing VII

Preface
This introductory text in the area of cloud computing is primarily based on the work
done by the author Souvik Pal during his M. Tech. Thesis. Cloud Computing is one of the
emerging topics in Information Technology. Cloud Computing is also included in the
syllabus of many universities. We, therefore, decided to work on a book on this subject
for the benefit of the students and teachers. Some topics in this book are unique and
based on published information which is current and timely. Some topics in this book
are intended for readers who have no prior knowledge of this subject. So we believe
that the book will be helpful to anyone who wants to learn cloud computing.

The book is organized into eight chapters, appendix and glossary. Chapter 1 provides
basics of cloud computing, like the working principles of Cluster, Grid and Mobile
Computing. Chapter 2 focuses on what Cloud Computing is and the services it provides
and also the different deployment models of Cloud Computing. Chapter 3 describes
the framework for Cloud Computing. Chapter 4 provides an overview of Virtualization
techniques, Virtualization Model and how Virtualization is related to cloud computing.
Chapter 5 presents different aspects virtualization procedure and the inter relationship among them. This chapter discusses the issues in scheduling, load distribution,
energy efficiency, distribution pattern and also transactional approaches. Chapter 6
deals with the Live Migration Process in Cloud Computing. Chapter 7 is based on Cloud
database issues like Relational-Non Relational, SQL-based-No-SQL data base. Lastly,
Chapter 8 introduces ways to maintain privacy of the sensitive data and resources
using an auditing concept within the third party provider to ensure data privacy and
data integrity checks.
There have been several influences from our family who have sacrificed lot of their time
and attention to ensure that we are kept motivated to complete this crucial project.

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik is grateful to his father Late Ramanarayan Patnaik, Mother
Smt. Jayalakshimi Patnaik, Father-in-law Er. Chittaranjan Mohanty, and Mother-in-law
Late Renubala Mohanty for their blessings. He is also thankful to his wife Bismita and
Daughter Prasannakshi for their love and support.
Manas Ranjan Kabat is grateful to his Parents for their blessings, wife Arundhati for her
unconditional love, patience and encouragement for this work. He is also thankful to
his daughter Anamika and son Manish for their support.

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VIII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Souvik Pal is grateful to his father Prof. Bharat Kumar Pal and Mother Smt. Tandra Pal
for their blessings and constant support. He is also grateful to his Grand Mother Late
Sakhi Rani Pal, Grand Father Late Ajit Kumar Pal for their affection and motivation.
He is thankful to his friend Smita Mukherjee for her encouragement and continuous
support.

The authors are thankful to all the members of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd especillay Mr. S. Verma, Mr. Nilabhra Poddar and Mr. Subhendu Sinha Roy for the given opportunities to write this book.

Above all God is Almighty.

Prasant Kumar Pattnaik

patnaikprasant@gmail.com
Manas Ranjan Kabat
manas_kabat@yahoo.com
Souvik Pal
souvikpal22@gmail.com

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Content
Chapter1
Basics of Cloud Computing
1.Introduction
1.1. Evolution of Cloud Computing
1.2. Cluster Computing Environment
1.2.1. The Architecture of Cluster Computing
Environment 
1.3. Grid Computing Environment
1.3.1. Grid Related Technologies
1.3.2. Levels of Deployment
1.3.3. Architecture of Grid Computing Environment 
1.4. Mobile Computing
1.4.1. Characteristics of Mobile Computing
1.4.2. Characteristics of Mobile Networks 
1.5. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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2.1.Introduction
2.2. Popular Views 
2.3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
2.3.1. Elasticity and Scalability
2.3.2. Measured Metering and Billing of Service
2.3.3. Self-Service Provisioning of Resources
2.3.4. Application Programming Interface (APIs)
2.3.5. Performance Measurement Service
2.3.6. Device and Location Independency
2.2.7.Customization
2.3.8.Security
2.4. Need for Cloud Computing

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Chapter2
Introduction to Cloud Computing

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X Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

2.5. Types of Cloud

2.5.1. Public Cloud
2.5.2. Private Cloud
2.5.3. Hybrid Cloud
2.5.4. Community Cloud
2.6. Cloud Services
2.6.1. Resource as a Service (RaaS)
2.6.2. Infrastructure as a Service
2.6.3. Platform as a Service
2.6.4. Software as a Service
2.6. Security Paradigms and Issues of Cloud Computing
2.7. Some Popular Cloud Service Providers
2.7.1. IaaS Service Providers
2.7.2. PaaS Service Providers
2.7.3. SaaS Service Providers
2.8.Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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3.1.Introduction
3.2. Framework for Cloud Computing Environment
3.2.1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
3.2.3. Life Cycle of Services in SOA
3.2.4. Integrating SOA and the Cloud
3.2.5. Cloud Framework
3.2.1. Framework Constraints
3.4. Workflow and Co-ordination of Multiple Activities
3.4.1. Need of Workflow
3.4.2. Examples of Workflow Tools
3.5. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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Chapter3
Cloud Framework

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 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XI

Chapter4
Virtualization
4.1.Introduction
4.1.1.Needs of Virtualization in Cloud Computing Environment
4.1.2. Virtualization versus Traditional Approach 
4.2. Virtualization and Virtual Machine
4.2.1.Advantages of Virtualization Technique
in Cloud Computing Environment
4.2.2. Category of Virtual Machine
4.3. Virtualization Model for Cloud Computing
4.4. Categorization of Guest OS Virtualization
Techniques
4.5.Mapping Technique of Virtual Machine to Physical Machine
in a Private Cloud
4.5. Draw Backs of Virtualization
4.7. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings
Chapter5
Classification of Virtualization Environment

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Classification
5.2.1. Scheduling-based Environment
5.2.2. Load-Distribution-Based Environment
5.2.3. Energy Aware-Based Environment
5.2.4. Operational-Based Environment
5.2.5. Distributed Pattern-Based Environment
5.2.6. Transactional-Based Environment
5.3. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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XII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing

Chapter6
Live Migration of Virtual Machines
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Need of Live Migration of Virtual Machine
6.3. Advantages of Live Migration
6.4. An Designing Process of Live Migration
6.4.1. Live Migration Process
6.5. Security Issues
6.5.1. Possible Attacks
6.6. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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7.1. Introduction
7.2. Non-Relational Data Models
7.2.1. Transactions in Cloud Databases
7.2.2. Advantages of Cloud Database
7.3. Heterogeneous Databases in DaaS
7.4. MongoDB
7.4.1. Data Model
7.4.2.Replication
7.4.3.Sharding
7.4.4.Architecture
7.4.5. Consistency
7.4.6. Failure Handling
7.5. CAP Theorem
7.6.Issues in Live Migration of Databases
in Cloud Computing Environment
7.6.1.Cloud Database Classification based

on Transaction Processing
7.7. Commercial Available Cloud Database Platform
7.8.Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

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Chapter7
Cloud Database

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 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XIII

Chapter8
Auditing
8.1.Introduction
8.2. Data Security in Cloud Computing Environment
8.2.1 Characteristics of a Secure Cloud

Computing Environment
8.2.2. Need for Auditing in Cloud

Computing Environment
8.2.3. Auditing Background within Third Party

Service Provider
8.3. Cloud Auditing Outsourcing Lifecycle Phases
8.4. Auditing Classification
8.5. Auditing Service
8.6. Summary
Exercise
Further Readings

AppendixI
CloudSim: A Simulator for Cloud Computing Environment
AppendixII
Some of the Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Cloud1
Glossary

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