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Inference:
This method involves the knowledge to perform deductive reasoning. The membership
function is formed from the facts known and knowledge.
Let us use inference method for the identification of the triangle. Let U be universe of
triangles and A,B, and C be the inner angles of the triangles. Also A B C 0. Therefore the
universe is given by:
U = {(A,B,C),A B C 0,A + B + C = 180}
There are various types of triangles, we will define the following five types of triangles:
I Approximate isosceles triangle
R Approximate right triangle
IR Approximate isosceles and right triangle
For the approximate isosceles triangle we have the following algorithm for the membership,
again for the situation of A B C 0 and A + B + C = 180:
So, for example, if A = B or B = C, the membership value in the approximate isosceles triangle is
I= 1; if A = 120, B = 60, and C = 0, then I= 0.
For a fuzzy right triangle, we have
For instance, when A = 90, the membership value in the fuzzy right triangle, R= 1, or when A =
180, this membership vanishes, i.e., R= 0.
For the case of an approximate isosceles and right triangle (there is only one of these in
the crisp domain), we can find this membership function by taking the logical intersection (and
operator) of the isosceles and right triangle membership functions, or
Neural Networks:
Neural networks are used to simulate the working network of the neurons in the human
brain. The concept of the human brain is used to perform computation on computers.
In this case, the fuzzy membership function may be created for fuzzy classes of an input
data set. The procedure is, the number of input data values are selected. Then it is divided into
training data set and testing data set. The training data set may be used to train the network. The
generations of membership function from neural network are shown in Fig. 4.11.
Figure 4.11a shows the training data set. This is passed through a neural network shown
in Fig. 4.11b and this data points of Fig. 4.11a is divided into three regions as R1,R2, and R3 as
in Fig. 4.11c. Depending upon the data points, the regions are classified. If the data point is in
region 1, then we assign full membership in regions 1 and zero membership in regions 2 and 3.
Similarly if the data points are in regions 2 and 3, it will have full membership in regions 2 and 3
and zero membership in regions 1 and 3, and regions 1 and 2, respectively.
The neural network is then created, from which the training is done between
corresponding membership values in different classes, to simulate the relationship between the
coordinate locations and membership values. The neural network uses the set of data value and
membership values to train itself as shown in Fig. 4.11d. This training process is continued until
the neural network can simulate for the given entire set of input and output value.
After the net is trained, its performance can be checked by the testing data. After full
training and testing process is completed, the neural network is ready and it can be used to
determine the membership values of any input data in the different regions. These are all shown
in Fig. 4.11gi.
The complete mapping of the membership of different data points in different fuzzy
classes can be determined by using neural network approach.