TPG4150 Reservoir Recovery Techniques 2015

Exercise 1

Exercise 1 Review of PVT behavior and simple volumetric reservoir calculations

Conversion factors
1 bar = 100.000 pascal = 14,50 psi
1 m3 = 35,31 ft3 = 6,290 bbl
Definitions:
Formation volume factor
Solution gas-oil ratio
Fluid compressibility
Pore compressibility
Total compressibility

(reservoir volume of fluid)

(surface volume of fluid)
(surface volume of solution gas)
Rso =
(surface volume of oil)
1 V
c = ( )T
V P
1
c r = + ( )T
P
B=

c T = cr +

c S

i i

i =o,w, g

Expansion due to compressibility

Gas law for hydrocarbon gas
Reservoir oil density
Reservoir gas density
Reservoir water density

V = V2 V1 V1 c(P2 P1 )
PV = nZRT
oS + gS Rso
oR =
Bo
gS
gR =
Bg

wR = wS
Bw

Reservoir data (reservoir is initially undersaturated):

V = 109 m 3
Gross reservoir volume
Porosity
= 35%
Water saturation
Sw = 25%
Pressure
P = 303 bar
Pore compressibility
Water compressibility
Gas density at surface
Oil density at surface
Water density at surface
Water formation volume factor

c r = 4 10 5 bar 1
c w = 5 10 5 bar1
gS = 0, 5 kg / sm 3

oS = 760 kg / sm3
wS = 1030 kg / sm 3
Bw = 1, 05

In the following, use values for Bo , Rso and Z from the figures on the next page as needed.
Part 1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Derive and compute following fluid parameters:

An expression for oil compressibility expressed in Bo
An approximate value for initial Bo
An approximate value for initial compressibility of oil
An expression for gas formation volume factor expressed in Z and P
An expression for gas compressibility expressed in Z and P
An approximate value for initial compressibility of gas
At which pressure is the gas compressibility highest?
An approximate value for initial Bg
9. An approximate value for initial oil density in the reservoir
10. An approximate value for initial gas density in the reservoir

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Professor Jon Kleppe

20.8.15

TPG4150 Reservoir Recovery Techniques 2015

Exercise 1

11. An approximate value for initial water density in the reservoir

Part 2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Compute following initial volumes for the reservoir:

Pore volume (rm3)
Hydrocarbon pore volume (rm3)
Water pore volume (rm3)
Oil reserves, OOIP (sm3)
Solution gas reserves (sm3)
Water reserves (sm3)

Part 3. Volumetric calculations for an undersaturated reservoir:

The reservoir is producing oil only until the pressure reaches 230 bar. Use initial oil compressibility.
1. Neglect pore and water compressibilities and compute oil recovery in % of OOIP
2. Neglect water compressibility and compute oil recovery in % of OOIP
3. Compute oil recovery in % of OOIP with all compressibilities included
Part 4. Volumetric calculations for a gas cap reservoir:
Assume (hypothetically!) that the reservoir has a gas cap of equal volume to that of the oil zone, and that we can
neglect that gas comes out of solution,
assume that the relative volumes in the reservoir are constant, and
we can use fluid parameters at initial pressure.
Again let the reservoir produce only oil until the pressure reaches 230 bar.
1. Compute oil recovery in % of OOIP with all compressibilities included
2. Compute oil recovery in % of OOIP if only gas compressibility is included
Part 5. Volumetric calculations for a reservoir under water injection:
If the reservoir is to be pressure maintained through water injection, and the oil production initially is kept at
3000 sm3 per day, what water injection rate is required?
Rso and Bo vs. P

Z-factor vs. P

600

1.300
Bo

400

1.200

300
200

1.100

100
0

0.95

Z-factor for gas

500

Formation-volume factor

Solution gas-oil ratio (scf/bbl)

Rso

0.9

0.85

0.8

1.000
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Pressure (psia)

0.75
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Pressure (psia)

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Professor Jon Kleppe

20.8.15