Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(SUBMITTED : TO)
Shri . PANKAJ KUMAR KESHRI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
INRODUCTION
India has an annual average precipitation of 1 170 mm and about 80 percent of the
total area of the country experiences annual rainfall of 750 mm or more Due to the
large spatial and temporal variability in the rainfall
The two main sources of water in India are rainfall and the snowmelt of glaciers in
the Himalayas. Although snow and glaciers are poor producers of freshwater, they
are good distributors as they yield at the time of need, in the hot season. Indeed,
about 80 percent of the flow of rivers in India occurs during the four to five months
of the southwest monsoon season. Several important river systems originate in
upstream countries and then flow to other countries: the Indus River originates in
China and flows to Pakistan; the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system originates
partly in China, Nepal and Bhutan, and flows to Bangladesh; some minor rivers
drain into Myanmar and Bangladesh. However, there are no official records
available regarding the quantum of annual flows into the country or out of the
country
The rivers of the Deccan plateau (with larger rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari,
Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery draining into the bay of Bengal in the east, and
Narmadi and Tapi draining into the Arabian sea in the west), making up most of
the southern-central part of the country, are rainfed and fluctuate in volume, many
of them being non-perennial.
The coastal rivers, especially on the west coast south of the Tapi, are short in
length with limited catchment areas, most of them being non-perennial. The rivers
of the inland drainage basin in western Rajasthan in the north-western part of the
country towards the border with Pakistan are ephemeral, drain towards the salt
lakes such as the Sambhar, or are lost in the sands.
For planning purposes, the country is divided into 20 river units, 14 of which are
major river basins, while the remaining 99 river basins have been grouped into 6
river units, as presented in table. The spatial imbalance of distribution of water
resources can be appreciated by the fact that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
basin covering 34 percent of the countrys area contributes about 59 percent of the
water resources. The west flowing rivers towards the Indus covering 10 percent of
area contribute 4 percent of the water resources.
The remaining 56
percent of area contributes 37 percent to the runoff The water resources potential
of the country is assessed as the natural runoff of the rivers and is estimated at 1
864.33 km3, of which only 1 089 km3 are considered as utilizable or exploitable in
view of the constraints of topography, uneven distribution of the resource over
space and time, the geological factors and the contemporary technological
knowledge. These 1 089 km3 comprise 690 km3 from surface water and 399 km3
from groundwater . The internal renewable surface water resources (IRSWR) have
been estimated at 1 229.21 km3/year by deducting the inflow from neighbouring
countries (210.2 km3/year from Nepal, 347.02 km3/year from China and 78
km3/year from Bhutan) from the total estimated flow of 1 864.33 km3/year. The
overlap between surface water and groundwater is considered
0-2 HP
2-4 HP
4-6 HP
6-8 HP
8-10
HP
ABOVE
10 HP
NO
LIFTING
DEVICES TOTAL
76
838
58
2470
460
16907
457
760
15
566
1
2964
505
41
1572
24546
3
6
78
443
0
100
172
2015
0
2607
3509
3115
0
2
24
20
0
5
267
3
27
891
288
1631
0
16
393
20595
30
3627
4731
27822
10
0
44
2019
0
23
11
814
639
2025
246
0
301
136
0
71
2
876
6573
7960
178
67
342
2064
304
81
97
4520
45361
2862
0
1
61
413
0
13
8
8
8443
126
0
28
12
417
0
32
1
241
3077
331
107
9
115
415
0
415
9
116
23875
1368
0
0
35
162
0
3
62
2327
129
355
541
105
910
5626
304
638
190
8902
88097
15027
4043
3723
0
2
0
2691
0
0
107
1068
27
30
209
0
60707
28620
0
2
0
14130
1
0
240
350
304
47
64
6933
94008
82806
0
36
4
11480
10
544
1959
3205
826
833
102
29885
3748
8874
0
0
10
720
0
273
154
313
5
4383
16
824
6067
2508
0
0
3
374
15
1228
1709
86
9
7469
51
425
13119
20610
72
9
0
6657
0
623
784
1791
1268
4203
131
6408
2197
622
0
0
0
13702
0
0
7
186
0
72
71
4278
183889
147763
72
49
17
49754
26
2668
4960
6999
2439
17037
644
48753
This is the table represents water supply by horse power and it is shown
into BARGRAPH, PIEDIAGRAM, and LINE DIAGRAM
200000
150000
0-2 HP
100000
2-4 HP
UTTARAKHAND
TRIPURA
RAJASTHAN
PUDUCHERRY
NAGALAND
MANIPUR
MADHYA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
HARYANA
GOA
6-8 HP
BIHAR
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
4-6 HP
ANDAMAN & NICOBARS
50000
8-10 HP
ABOVE 10 HP
NO LIFTING DEVICES
TOTAL
BARGRAPH
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0-2 HP
2-4 HP
4-6 HP
UTTARAKHAND
TRIPURA
RAJASTHAN
PUDUCHERRY
NAGALAND
MANIPUR
MADHYA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
HARYANA
GOA
BIHAR
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
6-8 HP
8-10 HP
ABOVE 10 HP
NO LIFTING DEVICES
TOTAL
LINE GRAPH
NOTE: The governments supportive policies for agriculture have made subsidies
and credit available to the farmers, Singh 2003. There are strong linkages between
PIE CHART
0-2 HP
ANDAMAN & NICOBARS
ANDHRA PRADESH
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATISGARH
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
DELHI
GOA
The major source of water after river is ground water in INDIA and this water source is
extracted from HORSE POWER MOTORS
The data in the given graph shows us about the year wise increasing of
water pollution India it shows us the decreasing of oxygen levels in
water there are many reasons that increases water pollution in India Such
as releasing of INDUSTRIAL WASTES, into water DISPOSAL
WASTES that are easily soluble in water makes water more polluted
CONCLUSION:
NO WATER NO LIFE we have abundant water resources, so using of
water should be efficient and useful and DROP OF WATER represents
there are many more places in the world where people walks for long
distances to fulfill their thirsty so reduce WATER POLLUTION and
SAVE WATER RESOURCES
THANKYOU