1. http://www.sciencedirect.

com/science/article/pii/S0040402015001635
Cytotoxic flavonol-diamide [3+2] adducts from the leaves of Aglaia odorata
Fa-Liang Ana, Jun-Song Wanga, Hui Wanga, Xiao-Bing Wanga, Ming-Hua Yanga, Qing-Long
Guob, Yue Daic, Jun Luoa, , , Ling-Yi Konga, ,

Abstract
Nine new flavaglines that are flavonol-diamide [3+2] adducts as well as 12 known
flavaglines were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae). The new
compounds included eight 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine derivatives,
aglaodoratins AH (18), and a tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran derivative,
aglaodoratin I (9). X-ray single crystallographic analysis of compound 1 confirmed the
structure and absolute configuration of 1. The absolute configuration of aglaodoratin I (9)
was elucidated from ECD data. Aglaodoratin C (3), a rare C-10 carbonylated aglain-type
derivative, demonstrated inhibition of HepG2 liver carcinoma cell proliferation via G2/M
arrest and induced apoptotic cell death at a concentration of 25 M.

Keywords
Aglaia odorata; Flavagline; ECD; X-ray; Cytotoxic

2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367326X13002906
New sesquiterpenoids from Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina and their
cytotoxic activity

Shuai Liu, Shou-Bai Liu, Wen-Jian Zuo, Zhi-Kai Guo, Wen-Li Mei, , Hao-Fu Dai,

Abstract

One new norsesquiterpene (1), and four new sesquiterpenes (2 5), along with four
known ones, were isolated from the twigs of Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina C. DC.
Monogr. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods including HRESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed cytotoxic activity against SGC7901 tumor cell.

Keywords

Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina C. DC. Monogr; Sesquiterpenoids; Cytotoxic activity;

Meliaceae

3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187439001200184X
Two new rocaglamide derivatives from twigs of Aglaia odorata var.
microphyllina

Shuai Liua, b, c, 1, Hui Wanga, b, 1, Wen-jian Zuoa, b, You-xing Zhaoa, b, Xiao-na Lia, b,
Wen-li Meia, b, , Hao-fu Daia, b, ,

Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina led to the isolation of
two new rocaglamide derivatives and three known ones. The structures of the two new
compounds were elucidated as 8b-methoxy-desmethylrocaglamide (1) and 3-hydroxy-8bmethoxy-rocaglamide (2) by spectroscopic techniques (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and
comparing with published data. All the five compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic
activity against K562 cell line by MTT method. The results indicated that the OH at 8b
position was a decisive group for cytotoxic activity.

Highlights
Two new rocaglamide derivatives were isolated from Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina.
All compounds were isolated for the first time from A. odorata var. microphyllina.
Compounds 35 were found to possess cytotoxic activity against human myeloid
leukemia cell line (K562).
Keywords
Aglaia odorata var. microphyllina; Rocaglamide derivatives
4. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305197811002481
Chemical constituents from Aglaia odorata Lour

Heng Zhanga, Zhi-Jun Songb, Wei-Quan Chena, Xin-Zhou Wuc, Han-Hong Xua, ,

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation on Aglaia odorata led to the isolations of one new

coumarino-lignoid, 8-(7,8,9-propanetriol-4-methoxy-3-O-phenylpropanoid)-7-hydroxy-6methoxycoumarin (1), and nineteen known compounds (220). Their structures were
identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectral data
with those reported in the literature. Eight (2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16) of them were
isolated from the family of Meliaceae for the first time. Dammaranes (6, 8, 10, 11) and
coumarino-lignoids (1, 2) found in the present investigation might be useful as
chemotaxonomic markers for A. odorata from Guangzhou, China.
Graphical abstract
One new coumarino-lignoid, 8-(7,8,9-propanetriol-4-methoxy-3-O-phenylpropanoid)-7hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin together with nineteen known compounds, was isolated
from Aglaia odorata Lour.

Highlights

One new coumarino-lignoid and nineteen known compounds from Aglaia

odorata were reported. Eight known compounds were obtained from the
family of Meliaceae for the first time. From a chemotaxonomic perspective,
this study adds the chemotaxonomic data of A. odorata.
Keywords

Aglaia odorata; Meliaceae; Coumarino-lignoid; Dammarane

5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942212000404
Diterpenoids and triterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory activity from
the leaves of Aglaia odorata

Orapun Yodsaouea, Jarinthon Sonprasita, Chatchanok Karalaia, , , , Chanita

Ponglimanonta, Supinya Tewtrakulb, Suchada Chantraprommaa
Abstract

Chemical investigation of the leaves of the oriental medicinal plant Aglaia

odorata resulted in the isolation of five compounds: two dolabellane
diterpenoids, two dammarane triterpenoids and a protostane triterpenoid,
along with twenty known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the
basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their NMR
spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. The anti-inflammatory
activities of all compounds were evaluated as inhibitory activities against
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cell
lines. Eleven compounds possessed potent nitric oxide inhibitory activity with
IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 14.2 M, these being better than that of the
positive control, indomethacin (IC50 = 14.5 M). In addition, three compounds
exhibited significant activity against PGE2 release with IC50 values of 2.6, 16.1

and 23.0 M.
Graphical abstract

Chemical investigation of the leaves of the oriental medicinal plant Aglaia

odorata resulted in the isolation of five compounds: two dolabellane
diterpenoids (1, 2), two dammarane triterpenoids (6, 7) and a protostane
triterpenoid (8), along with twenty known compounds. Eleven compounds
possessed inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7
cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 14.2 M). In addition three
compounds exhibited significant activity against PGE2 release with IC50 values
of 2.6, 16.1 and 23.0 M.

Highlights

The leaves of Aglaia odorata were investigated. Five compounds of

dolabellane, dammarane and protostane classes were isolated. The
compounds exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords

Aglaia odorata; Meliaceae; Dolabellane diterpenoid; Dammarane

triterpenoid; Protostane triterpenoid; Anti-inflammatory

6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942210000658
Dolabellane diterpenoids from Aglaia odorata

Xiang-Hai Cai, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Pei-Ji Zhao, Yan Li, Xiao-Dong Luo,

Abstract

Dolabellane diterpenoids, (1R,3E,7E,10S,11S,12R)-dolabella-3,7-dien-10,18-diol

(1), (1R,3S,7E,11S,12R)-dolabella-4(16),7-dien-3,18-diol (2), (1R,7E,11S,12R)18-hydroxydolabella-4(16),7-dien-3-one (3), (1R,3S,4S,7E,11S,12R)-3,4epoxydolabella-7-en-18-ol (4), and (1R,3R,7E,11S,12R)-dolabella-4(16),7,18trien-3-ol (5), were obtained from the ornamental plant Aglaia odorata. Their
structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and
further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 5 showed weak
cytotoxicity against the human myeloid leukemia HL-60, hepatocellular
carcinoma SMMC-7721, and lung cancer A-549 cells.
Graphical abstract

Dolabellane diterpenoids (15) were obtained from the ornamental plant Aglaia
odorata. Compounds 1 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicity against the human
myeloid leukemia HL-60, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721, and lung cancer
A-549 cells.

Keywords

Aglaia odorata; Meliaceae; Dolabellane diterpenoids; X-ray; Cytotoxicity

7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942298007511
An insecticidal rocaglamide derivatives and related compounds from Aglaia
odorata (Meliaceae)

B.W. Nugrohoa, 1, R.A. Edradaa, V. Wrayb, L. Wittec, G. Bringmannd, M.

Gehlinge, P. Prokscha,
Abstract

Organic extracts of the twigs and leaves of Aglaia odorata yielded eight
insecticidal cyclopentatetrahydrobenzofuran rocaglamide derivatives including
three congeners which proved to be new natural products. Moreover, four new
cyclopentatetrahydrobenzopyran aglain derivatives, as well as the known
aminopyrrolidine odorine and odorinol, syringaresinol and flavonoid derivatives
were also isolated. Structure elucidation of the new compounds is described

and a rationale of the biosynthesis of the rocaglamide and aglain congeners is

considered. The isolated rocaglamide derivatives exhibited strong insecticidal
activity towards neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera
littoralis when incorporated into artificial diet with LC50 values varying from
1.08.0 ppm. The most active compounds showed LC50 values between 1.0 and
1.1 ppm, comparable to those of the insecticide azadirachtin, which was used
as a positive control. The remaining compounds isolated from A. odorata were
inactive with regard to insecticidal activity.
Keywords

Aglaia odorata; Meliaceae; Benzofurans; Benzopyrans; Rocaglamide

derivatives; Aglain derivatives; Structure elucidation; Natural insecticides;
Spodoptera littoralis
8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003194229280108Q
Rocaglamide, a natural benzofuran insecticide from Aglaia odorata
Author links open the overlay panel. Numbers correspond to the affiliation list
which can be exposed by using the show more link.
Janthip Janprasert, Chutamas Satasook a, 1, Prachaval Sukumalanand b, Donald
E. Champagne a, 2, Murray B. Isman a, 1, Pichaet Wiriyachitra, G.H.Neil Towers
c

Abstract
Rocaglamide, a highly substituted benzofuran, was isolated and identified as
the active insecticidal constituent in the twigs of the Chinese rice flower bush,
Aglaia odorata. This compound inhibits larval growth and is insecticidal to both
variegated cutworms, Peridroma saucia and Asian armyworms, Spodoptera
litura. LD50 values for fourth-instar P. saucia larvae were found to be 0.32 g
larvae1 topically and 0.34 g larvae1 orally. Dammarane triterpenes and
aminopyrrolidine bis-amides such as odorinol isolated from A. odorata were
inactive against P. saucia.
Keywords

Aglaia odorata, Meliaceae; Peridroma saucia; Spodoptera litura;

rocaglamide; natural insecticide.

9. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942200949860
Insecticidal 1H-cyclopentatetrahydro[b]benzofurans from Aglaia odorata
Author links open the overlay panel. Numbers correspond to the affiliation list
which can be exposed by using the show more link.

Fumito Ishibashi 1, Chutamas Satasook 2, Murray B. Ismant , G.H.Neil Towers

a, b
Abstract
Bioassay-directed separation of a methanolic extract of the leaves of Aglaia
odorata led to the isolation of a known cyclopentatetrahydrobenzofuran,
rocaglamide, along with its congeners, desmethylrocaglamide, methyl
rocaglate and rocaglaol. The structures of the three new compounds were
determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and by comparisons of their
1H NMR data with those of rocaglamide. Rocaglamide and methyl rocaglate
exhibited potent insecticidal activity both through growth inhibition and
contact toxicity to the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia.
10. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0031942282852084
Structure and stereochemistry of ()-odorinol, an antileukemic diamide from
Aglaia odorata

Nanao Hayashi, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, , Iris H. Hall, Andrew T. McPhail, b, HuanChang Huang
Abstract

Bioassay-directed isolation of an antileukemic extract of Aglaia odorata has led

to the characterization of ()-odorinol, a new diamide demonstra
Keywords

Aglaia odorata; Meliaceae; Shu-Lan; ()-odorinol; NMR; X-ray analysis;

antileukemic diamide.

Part 58 in the series Antitumor Agents. For Part 57 see Kasai, R., Shingu,
T., Wu, R. Y., Hall, I. H. and Lee, K. H. (1982) J. Nat. Prod. (in Pre
11. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790314000384
An evaluation of taxonomic concepts of the widespread plant genus Aglaia and
its allies across Wallaces Line (tribe Aglaieae, Meliaceae)

Melanie Grudinskia, b, Caroline M. Pannellc, Mark W. Chased, e, Joffre A.

Ahmadf, Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehla, b, ,

Highlights

Aglaia is a highly diverse woody genus of the mahogany family.

The taxonomy within Aglaia and the tribe Aglaieae remains problematic.

We provide clear evidence that Aglaia and Aphanamixis are paraphyletic.

Several sections and species within Aglaia are polyphyletic.

Morphological variation within and between populations should be further

investigated.

Abstract

Similar to other species-rich taxa in the Indo-Australian Archipelago, taxonomy

of the genus Aglaia (mahogany family, Meliaceae) remains problematic. This
study aims to evaluate taxonomic concepts within Aglaia based on the largest
dataset to-date. We analyzed sequences of 237 accessions of Aglaia and
representatives of all other genera of the tribe Aglaieae, including nuclear
ribosomal ITS, the trnLtrnF intron and intergenic spacer, the atpF intron and
the petD region comprising the petBpetD spacer, the petD-5 exon and the
petD intron (all but the first from the plastid genome). Our analyses were set
both in maximum likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, which (1) supported
paraphyly of Aglaia and Aphanamixis; (2) demonstrated polyphyly of previously
described sections for Aglaia; and (3) suggested delimitation problems with
57% of the morphologically variable species and all complex species. In
general, there were more genetic entities than species described, which shows
that the taxonomy of this group is more complex than has sometimes been
previously assumed. For some species, morphological variation suggests the
existence of more variants, subspecies or species within various taxa.

Furthermore, our study detected additional phylogenetic entities that were

geographically distinct, occurring on either side of Wallaces Line but not on
both sides. The delineation of these inter-specific taxa needs further
investigation by taking into account the morphological variation within and
between populations across the entire distribution.
12. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367326X12001529
Molluscicidal activity of Aglaia duperreana and the constituents of its twigs and
leaves

Heng Zhang, Han-Hong Xu, , Zhi-Jun Song, Lin-Yan Chen, Hao-Ju Wen
Abstract

The methanol (MeOH) extract of the twigs and leaves of Aglaia duperreana was
investigated for its molluscicidal activity against Pomacea canaliculata. The
extract was found to exhibit significant molluscicidal activity. The ethyl acetate
soluble fraction of the extract showed the most potent molluscicidal activity
among different solvent fractions. The bioactivity-guided chemical
investigation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction led to a new triterpenoid
along with 15 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by
spectroscopic methods, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic
resonance techniques as well as mass spectroscopic analysis. The molluscicidal
activities of compounds 216 against P. canaliculata were also investigated.
Naringenin trimethyl ether showed significant molluscicidal activity with a
median lethal concentration (LC50) of 3.9 g/mL, which was indicated higher
potency than the positive control, tea saponin (LC50 = 4.5 g/mL).

13. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942200002053
14. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354203001529
Efficacy of Thai medicinal plant extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1
infection in vitro and in vivo

Vimolmas Lipipuna, , , Masahiko Kurokawab, Rutt Suttisric, Pagorn

Taweechotipatra, Pornpen Pramyothind, Masao Hattorie, Kimiyasu Shirakib

Show more
Abstract

Twenty Thai medicinal plant extracts were evaluated for anti-herpes simplex
virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity. Eleven of them inhibited plaque formation of HSV1 more than 50% at 100 g/ml in a plaque reduction assay. Aglaia odorata,
Moringa oleifera, and Ventilago denticulata among the 11 were also effective
against thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1 and phosphonoacetate-resistant HSV1 strains. These therapeutic efficacies were characterized using a cutaneous
HSV-1 infection in mice. The extract of M. oleifera at a dose of 750 mg/kg per
day significantly delayed the development of skin lesions, prolonged the mean
survival times and reduced the mortality of HSV-1 infected mice as compared
with 2% DMSO in distilled water (P<0.05). The extracts of A. odorata and V.
denticulata were also significantly effective in limiting the development of skin
lesions (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between acyclovir and
these three plant extracts in the delay of the development of skin lesions and
no significant difference between acyclovir and M. oleifera in mean survival
times. Toxicity of these plant extracts were not observed in treated mice. Thus,
these three plant extracts may be possible candidates of anti-HSV-1 agents.
Keywords

Antiviral agent; Herpes simplex virus; Therapeutic efficacy; Thai medicinal

plant
15. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790314000384
An evaluation of taxonomic concepts of the widespread plant genus Aglaia and
its allies across Wallaces Line (tribe Aglaieae, Meliaceae)

Melanie Grudinskia, b, Caroline M. Pannellc, Mark W. Chased, e, Joffre A.

Ahmadf, Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehla, b, ,

Show more

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.025
Get rights and content

Highlights

Aglaia is a highly diverse woody genus of the mahogany family.

The taxonomy within Aglaia and the tribe Aglaieae remains problematic.

We provide clear evidence that Aglaia and Aphanamixis are paraphyletic.

Several sections and species within Aglaia are polyphyletic.

Morphological variation within and between populations should be further

investigated.

Abstract

Similar to other species-rich taxa in the Indo-Australian Archipelago, taxonomy

of the genus Aglaia (mahogany family, Meliaceae) remains problematic. This
study aims to evaluate taxonomic concepts within Aglaia based on the largest
dataset to-date. We analyzed sequences of 237 accessions of Aglaia and
representatives of all other genera of the tribe Aglaieae, including nuclear
ribosomal ITS, the trnLtrnF intron and intergenic spacer, the atpF intron and
the petD region comprising the petBpetD spacer, the petD-5 exon and the
petD intron (all but the first from the plastid genome). Our analyses were set
both in maximum likelihood and Bayesian frameworks, which (1) supported
paraphyly of Aglaia and Aphanamixis; (2) demonstrated polyphyly of previously
described sections for Aglaia; and (3) suggested delimitation problems with
57% of the morphologically variable species and all complex species. In
general, there were more genetic entities than species described, which shows
that the taxonomy of this group is more complex than has sometimes been
previously assumed. For some species, morphological variation suggests the
existence of more variants, subspecies or species within various taxa.
Furthermore, our study detected additional phylogenetic entities that were
geographically distinct, occurring on either side of Wallaces Line but not on

both sides. The delineation of these inter-specific taxa needs further

investigation by taking into account the morphological variation within and
between populations across the entire distribution.
16. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320505008799
Drug discovery from medicinal plants

Marcy J. Balunasa, A. Douglas Kinghornb, ,

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doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.012
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Abstract

Current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a

multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and
molecular techniques. Medicinal plant drug discovery continues to provide new
and important leads against various pharmacological targets including cancer,
HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's, malaria, and pain. Several natural product drugs of
plant origin have either recently been introduced to the United States market,
including arteether, galantamine, nitisinone, and tiotropium, or are currently
involved in late-phase clinical trials. As part of our National Cooperative Drug
Discovery Group (NCDDG) research project, numerous compounds from tropical
rainforest plant species with potential anticancer activity have been identified.
Our group has also isolated several compounds, mainly from edible plant
species or plants used as dietary supplements, that may act as
chemopreventive agents. Although drug discovery from medicinal plants
continues to provide an important source of new drug leads, numerous
challenges are encountered including the procurement of plant materials, the
selection and implementation of appropriate high-throughput screening
bioassays, and the scale-up of active compounds.
Keywords

Pharmacognosy; Medicinal plants; Natural products; National Cooperative

Drug Discovery Group (NCDDG); Anticancer agents; Cancer chemoprevention;
Challenges
17. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354205001166

Abstract

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2) are important pathogens for humans,
especially in the case of highly susceptible adults. Moreover, HSV-2 has been
reported to be a high risk factor for HIV infection. Therefore, the discovery of
novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great efforts. In this paper, we review anti-HSV
substances from natural sources, including both extracts and pure compounds
from herbal medicines, reported in studies from several laboratories. The role
of traditional medicine for the development of anti-HSV compounds is also
discussed. Interestingly, it was found that traditional medicines, like Ayurvedic,
traditional Chinese (TCM), Chakma medicines, are good and potential sources
for promising anti-HSV drugs. A second objective of this review is to discuss
several anti-HSV compounds with respect to their structureactivity
relationship (SAR). A large number of small molecules, like phenolics,
polyphenols, terpenes (e.g., mono-, di-, tri-), flavonoids, sugar-containing
compounds, were found to be promising anti-herpetic agents. Our major
conclusion is that natural products from medicinal plant extracts are very
important source of anti-HSV agents.
Abbreviations

ACV, acyclovir; ACV-R, acyclovir-resistant; ACV-S, acyclovir susceptible;

ADMET, absorption distribution metabolism, excretion and toxicity; AIDS,
acquired immune-deficiency syndrome; CC50, median cytotoxic concentration;
CPE, cytopathic effect; EC50, median effective concentration; ED50, median
effective dose; EPTT, end-point titration technique; GC/MS, gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry; GFS, galactofucan; HIV, human
immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex viruses; IC50, median inhibitory
concentration; MIC, minimal inhibition concentration; MTT, 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PB233OG,
prodelphinidin B-2 3,3-di-O-gallate; PF, polysaccharide fraction; PPV, Prunella
vulgaris; SAR, structureactivity relationship; SI, selectivity index; STD,
sexually transmitted diseases; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; TI,
therapeutic index; TK, thymidine kinase; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus; XTT,
tetrazolium salt (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5carboxanilide)

Keywords

Herpes simplex viruses; Herbal medicine; Acyclovir; Famciclovir; Acyclovirresistance; Antiviral; Anti-HSV; Chakma Talika Chikitsa; Structureactivity
relationship; Ethnomedicine; Traditional medicine