Environmental and Social Impact Assessment For Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm Project Location Senegal

Initial Project Summary
Project Location: Taiba Ndiaye, Tivaoune, This, Senegal

Name of Applicant: Projet Eolien Taiba Ndiaye SA
Name of Project: Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm
Project Description: The proposed Project involves the construction and operation of a 151.8
MW wind farm, including 46 wind turbines and 34 km of internal access roads, in the This
region of Senegal, North West of Tivaoune. The project has a technical footprint of about 49.5
ha with wind turbines covering a total surface area of approximately 7.5 ha. The land for the
Project was acquired from the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye and will be subject to a long-term
lease between the Project and the Region of This. This land was formally used for agricultural
practices by the people within the Municipality of the Taiba Ndiaye, causing 341 people to be
economically displaced because of this Project. Power will be transmitted via the existing high
voltage (90 and 225 kV) transformer sub-station at Tobne, about 1 km southeast of the project.
Senelec, the national electricity company of Senegal, is the sole purchaser of the energy
produced by the Project.
Environmental and Social Categorization and Rationale: The Project has been reviewed against
OPICs categorical prohibitions and determined to be categorically eligible. The Project is
screened as Category A because the Project represents a large-scale greenfield wind project
which could have significant adverse environmental and social impacts that are diverse and
irreversible. The major environmental and social concerns related to the Project include
economic displacement as a result of land acquisition, potential impacts on resident and
migrating birds and bats, visual and noise impacts, potential impacts from shadow flicker and
impacts to community health and safety resulting from increased traffic and influx of non-local
workers.
Environmental and Social Standards: OPICs environmental and social due diligence indicates
that the Project will have impacts that must be managed in a manner consistent with the
following International Finance Corporation (IFC) 2012 Performance Standards: PS 1:
Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts; PS 2: Labor and
Working Conditions; PS 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention; PS 4: Community
Health, Safety, and Security; PS 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement; and PS 6:
Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources.
Performance Standard 7 and 8 are not triggered by the Project at this time. Applicable provisions
of the IFC General Environmental, Health and Safety (EH&S) Guidelines and the EH&S
Guidelines for Wind Energy also apply to the Project.
Location of Local Access to Project Information: Public disclosure of the wind farm ESIA
started in 2009, when a public consultation program was organized and meetings took place
between February 24-28 2009 with government authorities and representatives of 15 local
villages. Additional stakeholder meetings and public hearings have been held in 2010, 2012,
2014 and 2015.
The ESIA is available in French at the Direction de l'Environnement et des Establissements

Classs (DREEC) and Taiba NDiaye mayors offices:
Direction de l'Environnement et des Establissements Classs
106 rue Carnot
Dakar BP 6557
Senegal
Mairie de Taiba NDiaye
Taiba NDiaye
Dpartement de Tivaouane
Rgion de This
Taba Ndiaye Wind Farm

Environmental and Social
Impact Study
Interim Report REV04

July 2015
CONTENTS

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION AND CONTEX OF THE PROJET ................................................ 21
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................ 31
4 POLITICAL, LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL

FRAMEWORK........................................................................................................................ 58
5
DESCRIPTION OF THE BASE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...................... 75
ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTS SENSITIVITY .................................. 160
VARIANTS ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 164
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ................................................ 165
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 175
10 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 244

11 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................. 293
12 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................. 337
ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................. 338
Interim Report
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Breakdown for Senelecs annual electricity production by source: fossil fuel/hydro-power _________ 21
Table 2: List of the experts involved in drawing up the study ________________________________________ 30
Table 3: The rotor speed and the optimal wind speed _____________________________________________ 33
Table 4: Characteristics of the wind turbines blades ______________________________________________ 33
Table 5: Characteristics of the tower and wind turbine ____________________________________________ 34
Table 6: Dimensions of the wind turbines nacelle ________________________________________________ 35
Table 7: Characteristics of the wind turbines control system and hydraulics system _____________________ 36
Table 8: Characteristics of the wind turbines gearbox _____________________________________________ 37
Table 9: The main characteristics of the wind turbines generator ___________________________________ 38
Table 10: The main characteristics of the wind turbines transformer _________________________________ 39
Table 11: The main lubricants, oils and coolants used _____________________________________________ 41
Table 12: Characteristics of the aviation marking system __________________________________________ 43
Table 13: Installation heights of the low-intensity lights ___________________________________________ 43
Table 14: The various stages involved in decommissioning a wind farm _______________________________ 55
Table 15: International environmental Conventions signed by Senegal ________________________________ 64
Table 16: The IFCs performance standards _____________________________________________________ 69
Table 17: Standard NS 05-062: Limit values for atmospheric pollutant discharges _______________________ 72
Table 18: Standard NS 05-062: Limit values for concentrations of pollutants in ambient air _______________ 72
Table 19: Standard NS 05-061: Limit values for the discharge of wastewater into the natural environment ___ 73
Table 20: Summary of the settlements closest to the various lines ___________________________________ 76
Table 21: Summary of the various forms of land and soil use within the projects zone of influence _________ 80
Table 22: Average monthly simulated wind speed at the site in 2008 at an altitude of 50 meters ___________ 84
Table 23: Soil analysis results at the wind farm projects sites _______________________________________ 86
Table 24: Results of classic chemical analyses of the groundwater in the vicinity of the sites ______________ 93
Table 25: Taxonomic spectrum ______________________________________________________________ 102
Table 26: List of the families along with the name of the genus and species ___________________________ 105
Table 27: List of the plant species used by local populations _______________________________________ 109
Table 28: Diversity of the avian fauna in the Taba Ndiaye zone ____________________________________ 110
Table 29: The abundance of the species of avian fauna encountered in the Taba Ndiaye zone ____________ 112
Table 30: Summary of the sensitive spaces within the area of influence of the projects site ______________ 116
Table 31: Summary of the services rendered by the ecosystems ____________________________________ 119
Table 32: Structure of households in villages neighboring the projects site ___________________________ 129
Table 33: Noise data at the property boundaries of the Tobne station ______________________________ 151
Table 34: Noise data at the reference points (mild wind) __________________________________________ 151
Table 35: Orders of magnitude of the noise levels likely to be perceived by neighbours __________________ 154
Table 36: Level of regulatory constraint for each exposed point ____________________________________ 154
Table 37: Level of regulatory constraint for safety distances _______________________________________ 155
Table 38: Average monthly wind speeds at the site in 2008 at an altitude of 50 meters _________________ 157
Table 39: Noise level of the wind farm as a function of the safety distances ___________________________ 158
Table 40: Assessment of the sensitivity of the various components in the projects environment __________ 160
Table 41:Summary of the concerns of the various staakeholders and the state of management in the description
of the project or the ESMP (Environmental and Social Management Plan) ____________________________ 173
Table 42: Orders of magnitude of footprints for an onshore wind farm ______________________________ 178
Table 43: Summary of the anticipated beneficial effects of the wind farm project ______________________ 186
Table 44: Summary of the impact of the wind farm on substrate quality _____________________________ 188
Table 45: Impacts of the wind farm on soil quality _______________________________________________ 190
Table 46: Impact of the wind farm on surface water resources _____________________________________ 191
Table 47: Impact of the wind farm on surface water quality _______________________________________ 192
Table 48: Impact of the wind farm on the groundwater ___________________________________________ 193
Table 49: Environmental impacts per wind turbine on the vegetation _______________________________ 196
Table 50: Impacts of the wind farm on the terrestrial wildlife and birdlife ____________________________ 201
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Interim Report
Table 51: Comparison of emissions of different electric power generation modes ______________________ 203
Table 52: Sound levels of construction machinery at variable distances ______________________________ 213
Tableau 53 : Number of hours per year of estimated production of the wind park (based on the the data of the
100 m meaurement mast installed on site at Taiba Ndiaye. _______________________________________ 229
Tableau 54 : Probablity of sunshine (average hours of sunshine per day] [LOUGA] _____________________ 230
Tableau 55 : Summary of Strobe Effects _______________________________________________________ 232
Tableau 56 : Identification of Sources and timing of potential strobe effects __________________________ 233
Table 53: Electromagnetic cables of some household equipment, electric cables and underground cables ___ 238
Table 54: Fire/explosion risk from the lubricating oil _____________________________________________ 245
Table 55: Acute toxicity of the lubricating oil ___________________________________________________ 245
Table 56: ecotoxicity of the lubricating oil _____________________________________________________ 245
Table 57: Equipment-related hazards _________________________________________________________ 246
Table 58: Lightning hazards ________________________________________________________________ 248
Table 59: Wind and storm hazards ___________________________________________________________ 249
Table 60: Summary of the accident rate (source ARIA) ___________________________________________ 252
Table 61: Summary of the accident rate (source ARIA) ___________________________________________ 252
Table 62: Summary of feared events __________________________________________________________ 255
Table 63: Levels of factors (P, 2) in preparing a risk matrix ________________________________________ 257
Table 64: Risk level matrix __________________________________________________________________ 258
Table 65: Summary analysis and presentation of initial risk levels ___________________________________ 260
Table 66: Summary of barriers to prevent and mitigate consequences _______________________________ 268
Table 67: Summary analysis and presentation of final risk levels ___________________________________ 272
Table 68: Calculation results for an entire blade flying through the air _______________________________ 280
Table 69: Calculation results for an end quarter of a blade flying through the air ______________________ 281
Table 70: Calculation results for the tip of a blade flying through the air _____________________________ 282
Table 71: Calculation results for an entire blade flying through the air _______________________________ 283
Table 72: Distance between the targets and group 1 of the wind turbines ____________________________ 285
Table 77: Probability classes of major accidents _________________________________________________ 287
Table 78: Distribution of the size of fragments __________________________________________________ 288
Table 79: Probability of risks ________________________________________________________________ 289
Table 80: Measures to mitigate environmental and social impacts __________________________________ 296
Table 81: Waste management plan __________________________________________________________ 301
Table 82: Need for training and information ___________________________________________________ 304
Table 83: Capacity-building plan _____________________________________________________________ 308
Table 84: Environmental monitoring program and implementing bodies/individuals ____________________ 318
Table 85: Environmental and social Management Planduring the design and erection phases of the wind farm
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 320
Table 86: Environmental and social Management Plan during the wind farm operating phase ____________ 325
Table 87: Summary of administrative organization ______________________________________________ 332
Table 88: Cost of environmental and social management plan _____________________________________ 336
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the methodological approach for environmental assessment of the
impacts _________________________________________________________________________________ 26
Figure 2: Process involved in the detailed assessment of environmental and social impacts _______________ 29
Figure 3: Diagram of the wind turbines nacelle __________________________________________________ 32
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Interim Report
Figure 4: Simplified drawing of the tower _______________________________________________________ 35

Figure 5: Cutaway view of the V112/V117/V126 gearbox __________________________________________ 37
Figure 6: Appearance and location of the generator ______________________________________________ 38
Figure 7: Vestas Cooler Top ________________________________________________________________ 40
Figure 8: The components of a wind farm _______________________________________________________ 46
Figure 9: Preparing the land _________________________________________________________________ 47
Figure 10: Preparation of the foundations ______________________________________________________ 47
Figure 11: Storage of the blades on-site before hoisting them _______________________________________ 48
Figure 12: Preparation of a blade _____________________________________________________________ 49
Figure 13: Mounting of the first component of the tower __________________________________________ 49
Figure 14: Mounting the towers components ___________________________________________________ 50
Figure 15: Preparation of the nacelle __________________________________________________________ 50
Figure 16: Mounting the nacelle on the tower ___________________________________________________ 51
Figure 17: Lifting a blade ____________________________________________________________________ 51
Figure 18: Assembling a blade onto the hub _____________________________________________________ 52
Figure 19: Holding a blade in position while it is being fastened to the hub ____________________________ 52
Figure 20: Sub-soil trench digging. The machine used for digging the trench to a depth of approximately 1 m 52
Figure 21: Example of a photomontage of the projected layout of the wind turbines _____________________ 53
Figure 22: Illustration of the source of noises ____________________________________________________ 56
Figure 23: Decrease in perceptions of the noise of a wind turbine depending on how far away you are ______ 57
Figure 24: Shifts in average monthly temperatures at This from 1977 to 2011 _________________________ 81
Figure 25: Average monthly rainfall at the This station from 1930 to 2011 ____________________________ 82
Figure 26: Monthly changes in the wind speed at This from 1964 to 2011 ____________________________ 83
Figure 27: Summary wind rose for Taba Ndiaye with frequencies in % at an altitude of 50 meters _________ 84
Figure 28: Triangle for determining soil slaking depending on the soil texture __________________________ 86
Figure 29: Geological section and catchment of the Taba Ndiaye borehole [see below for translation] ______ 88
Figure 30: Spectrum of families of species _____________________________________________________ 107
Figure 31: Spectrum of frequency of occurrence _________________________________________________ 108
Figure 32: Spectrum of bird families __________________________________________________________ 111
Figure 33: Breakdown by religion ____________________________________________________________ 129
Figure 34: Breakdown of the ethnic groups of the households neighboring the site _____________________ 130
Figure 35: Breakdown of children of school age _________________________________________________ 138
Figure 36: Breakdown for children attending school _____________________________________________ 138
Figure 37: Breakdown of the households therapy choices _________________________________________ 139
Figure 38: Breakdown of the potable water drinking supply sources _________________________________ 140
Figure 39: Breakdown of the households that have electricity ______________________________________ 141
Figure 40: Breakdown for household lighting methods ___________________________________________ 141
Figure 41: Breakdown for the types of toilets in households _______________________________________ 142
Figure 42: Households assessment levels for their living conditions _________________________________ 143
Figure 43: Descriptive diagram of an onshore wind farm (scaling ratios not representative) ______________ 177
Figure 44: Assembling the nacelle ____________________________________________________________ 179
Figure 45: Fitting the rotor (formed by the hub, the cone and three blades). __________________________ 180
Figure 46: Mitigation of the noise according to the distance away from the wind turbine ________________ 181
Figure 47: Representation of a wind turbine in the landscape ______________________________________ 183
Figure 48: Machine for digging the trench about 1 m deep ________________________________________ 189
Figure 49: Causes of fatal accidents listed in birds _______________________________________________ 199
Figure 50: Levels of various typical sources of noise ______________________________________________ 214
Figure 51: Design note of the estimated onset of sound [5.0 - 10.0 m/s] - villages of Kelkhom Diop,
Mourdjigune, and Taiba Mbaye ____________________________________________________________ 220
Figure 52: Design note of the estimated onset of sound [5.0 - 10.0 m/s] - villages of Bal Samb and Moka Gueye
Beye ___________________________________________________________________________________ 222
Figure 53: Illustration of the stroboscopic effect phenomenon _____________________________________ 227
Figure 54: The periodic masking of the sun by the moving blades (source: ADEME) _____________________ 228
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Interim Report
Figure 55 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Worse Case] - number of hours per year ______________ 234
Figure 56 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Most Likely Case] - number of hours per year __________ 235
Figure 57 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Worse Case] - number of minutes per day _____________ 236
Figure 58 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Most Likely Case] - number of minutes per day _________ 237
Figure 55: Distribution of number of accidents noted in wind turbines by type of accident _______________ 254

LIST OF PHOTOS
Photo 1: Cash cropping in a palm grove Photo 2: Mango trees plantation _________________________ 78
Photo 3: A herd of grazing cows Photo 4: An old clearing _________________________________ 78
Photo 5: A juvenile mango trees plantation _____________________________________________________ 79
Photo 6: Juvenile plantation with cash crops Photo 7: Peanut fields at the end of harvesting ____________ 79
Photo 9: Bundle of dead wood tied up using Leptadiana hastata vines _______________________________ 119
Photo 10: Pruning the side branches from mango trees ___________________________________________ 119
Photo 11: Looking for sap in the base of a palm in order to make wine Photo 12:Gathering palm leaves ____ 120
Photo 13: Base of Boscia senegalensis beside E23 Photo 14: Bade of Leptadiana hastata beside E18 ___ 121
Photo 15: Hut roof based on palm leaves Photo 16: Framework for a hut made with palm stems __ 122
Photo 17: A fence made from palm leaves _____________________________________________________ 123
Photo 18: Low stone wall Photo 19: Wind break ____________________________ 123
Photo 20: Standing bodies of water on line 3 ___________________________________________________ 124
LIST OF MAPS
Map 1: Location of the Taba Ndiaye wind park project ____________________________________________ 44
Map 2: The precise location of the site within the territory of the borough of Taba Ndiaye _______________ 45
Map 3: Situation and location of the project zone of study _________________________________________ 77
Map 4: Map of the hydrogeological units and of the depths of the captured water in the Taba Ndiaye zone and
the surrounding villages ____________________________________________________________________ 95
Map 5: Piezometric map of the Northern Littoral aquifer system ____________________________________ 96
Map 6: Location of the plant species inventory plots _____________________________________________ 101
Map 7: Map of the protected areas within the projects expanded zone ______________________________ 117
Map 8: Presentation of the polarised zone _____________________________________________________ 152
Map 9: Breakdown of the noise levels for the initial acoustic state _________________________________ 155
Map 10: Location of the wind turbines in relation to inhabited zones (a setback boundary of 1,000 m was drawn
around the inhabited zones in light pink). ______________________________________________________ 156
Map 11: Map of estimated equal loudness curves for wind conditions of 5 m/s ________________________ 216
Map 12 Map of estimated equal loudness curves for wind conditions of 6 m/s ________________________ 217
Map 15: Project installation map in the territory of the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye with theoretical withdrawal
perimeter of 1000 m ______________________________________________________________________ 224
Map 16: Distances of effect for an entire blade flying through the air _______________________________ 281
Map 17: Distances of effect for an end quarter of a blade flying through the air _______________________ 282
Map 18: Distances of effect for the tip of a blade flying through the air ______________________________ 283
Map 19: Identification of targets influenced for groups G1 and G2 __________________________________ 284
Map 20: Identification of targets influenced for groups G3, G4 and G5 ______________________________ 284

Interim Report
1
1.1
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
The operating permit request for the wind farm at Taba Ndiaye is the pretext for this in-depth
environmental impact study.
The site which is to host the project covers an overall surface area of approximately 7 ha split
into 47 plots of land (46 for the wind turbines and 1 for the technical/operations zone). The
administrative information for the work zone is as follows:
Country:
Region:
Department:
Rural Community
Locations impacted by the project
1.2
Senegal
This
Tivaoune
Taba Ndiaye
Ndomor, Keur Mal, Minam, Mbayne, Keur Birama,
Keur Samba Awa, Keur Mbaye Snoba. Taba Mbaye,
Same Ndiaye, Baty Ndiaye Baty Gueye, Keur Madiagne
Taba Santhie, and Keur Assane
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The project relates to the development, construction and implementation of a wind farm with
46 wind turbines providing power of 3.3 MW per unit, amounting to total power of 151.8
MW.
The projects execution may be split into 5 phases:
Phase 1:
The development phase: Impact feasibility studies; in progress
Phase 2:
The administrative and contractual phase: Obtaining permits (building permits,

operating permits) and purchase contracts for the electricity produced over a
period of 20 years; in progress
Phase 3:
The construction phase for the first tranche, with the installation of 16 x 3.3
MW wind turbines, providing a total power of 52.8 MW (approximately).
Phase 4:
The construction phase for the second tranche, with the installation of 16 x 3.3
MW wind turbines, providing a total power of 52.8 MW.
Phase 5:
The construction phase for the third tranche, with the installation of 14 x 3.3
MW wind turbines, providing a total power of 46.2 MW
Interim Report
How a wind turbine works
The main components of a wind turbine are (from bottom to top):

-
-
-
-
-
Foundations that may exceed 400 cubic meters of reinforced concrete,

A metal tower that is either tubular or made from lattice work. The electric
transformer system (alternator) and a ladder for gaining access to the top of the tower
can be found inside the base,
A rotor consisting of a set of blades. These are made from composite materials and
there are usually three of them (three-blade system). Sometimes the wind turbine only
features two of them (two-blade system),
A nacelle housing the core of the wind turbine, particularly the electric generator, the
gearbox, the braking system, etc.
A set of equipment and auxiliary instruments: the system for orienting the nacelle
(wind vane), devices for measuring the wind speed (anemometer), electronic control
devices, etc.
Rotor with a horizontal

shaft fitted with three
blades
Nacelle
Tower
Whenever the wind picks up (to a speed of about 5 km/h), the blades begin moving solely
from the force of the wind. Their movement activates the gearbox and the electric generator.
When the wind is sufficiently strong to overcome friction (at a speed of about 15 km/h), the
wind turbine can be coupled to the electrical network. The rotor then spins at a rate of one
turn every 4 to 6 seconds. This rotation speed will remain constant throughout the production
period so that an alternating current with a constant frequency may be produced.
The generator will then deliver an electric current, the intensity of which varies depending on
the wind speed. Thus, when the latter increases, the load bearing on the rotor is accentuated
and the power provided by the generator increases.
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Interim Report
When the wind reaches about 40 km/h, the wind turbine provides its maximum power level.
This power is kept constant using the aerodynamics of the blades.
The anemometer will intervene in relation to extreme wind conditions. In fact, above and
beyond a certain wind speed, which varies depending on the models in question, the wind
turbine will be stopped. In concrete terms, when the wind speed exceeds about 90 km/h, the
blades are feathered, or placed parallel to the wind direction. The rotor then freewheels,
turning slowly, and the wind turbine no longer produces any electricity.
The projects zone of influence
Three (3) study zones were delineated for the purposes of this ESIS (Environmental and
Social Impact Study).
F The restricted study zone
This is a zone inside of which the project is technically feasible with forty-six (46) wind
turbines, each taking up 1,400 m2, making for a total siting of 7 hectares, and on access paths
which must have high-voltage cables amounting to a linear distance of approximately 34 km.
F The detailed study zone or the works direct zone of influence
This takes into consideration all of the territory disrupted or the work zone. It includes a
radius of influence, exceeding five (5) km. It is defined based on the potential impact sources
linked to the projects construction phase.
F The expanded or remote study zone

This relates to the zones of the territory belonging to local entities (the rural community of
Diass) covered by the socio-economic analysis. This zone factors in the projects potential
effects on the components of the socio-economic and biophysical environment.
F Estimate concerning the settlements closest to the various rows
Estimating the distance between the wind farm and the various surrounding locations is of
paramount importance because it enables identification of the zones which may be adversely
affected by the projects impacts (noise pollution, landscape impacts, etc.).
The closest villages (Baty Guye, Baty Ndiaye, Khelcom Diop, Ndombor Diop, Taba
Santhie, Taba Ndiaye, Maka Gaye Bye, Diambalo, etc.) are located less than 2 km away
from the project.
The locations of the wind turbines closest to the villages are:
Rows or groups
concerned
Row 5
Wind turbine
concerned
E46
E41
Distance from
buildings (Km)
1.27
1.07
Village concerned
Baity Ndiaye
Maka Gaye Beye
Interim Report
Rows or groups
concerned
Row 4
Row 3
Row 2
Row 1
1.3
Wind turbine
concerned
E39
E40
E31
E27
E28
E18
E10
E11
E12
E13
E1
Distance from
buildings (Km)
0.95
0.95
1.42
Village concerned
Baity Gueye
1.27
Khelcom
2.6
1.75
1.07
1.06
1.18
1.4
Taba Ndiaye
Ndiombor Diop
Khlcom Diop
Diambola
OVERVIEW OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE HOST ENVIRONMENT
This entails a scientific assessment of the sensitivity and vulnerability of species of plants and
animals, the projects direct areas of influence, and the projects remote and induced effects.
Translating raw environmental data into sensitivity levels is a key stage in the procedure.
Defining the various issues involved (landscape, heritage, ecological and other such stakes)
enables the sensitivity of the projects sites to be assessed. The environmental data, translated
into sensitivity levels, can then be categorized into several levels: low sensitivity, medium
sensitivity, high sensitivity, and very high sensitivity.
Interim Report
Assessment of the sensitivity of the various components in the projects environment

THEME
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECTS ZONE
Geology
The overall context is linked to that of the SenegalMauritanian Basin.
Pedologic
resources
An interesting level of diversity in terms of pedologic

resources is noted in the projects zone: Dior soil, Deck-Dior
soil, Deck soil, and Dior-Dior soil.
Groundwater
STAKES
LEVEL
P
The numerous hydrogeological formations are accessed via

traditional wells and boreholes.
COMPATIBILITY WITH THE PROJECT

A relatively flat area: the altitude levels range from 33 to 60 meters.
The local geological context for establishment of Niayes (dune
systems): a succession of basins and unconsolidated dunes.
A Niayes region with high groundwater.
The presence of Deck-Dior soil suitable for arboriculture and cash
cropping
The presence of Deck soils rich in organic materials suitable for
market gardening.
Potable groundwater throughout the villages affected by the project
and the environs.
High groundwater (between a depth of 17 meters to 66 meters) is
exploited via traditional wells: co-operatives, agriculture and
livestock rearing.
Surface water
There are no long-term water supply points at the projects

site or in its surrounding environment.
Groundwater held in Lutetian limestone is exploited via boreholes:

cooperatives , agriculture and livestock rearing.
No long-term water supply points on-site and/or in the zone of
influence.
There are numerous temporary pools which become depleted a few
months after the last rains.
Natural risks
Flooding of basins or low-lying areas.
The market garden basins are filled by surface water during the rainy
season.
Flooding of basins or low-lying areas (proximity to the high
groundwater).
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THEME
STAKES
LEVEL

Shifting dunes subject to collapse.
Crops are attacked by pests: worms, termites, ants, etc.
Crops are attacked.
Collapsing sand dunes.
Sensitive zones
The only listed area in the project zone is the Pire Gourye
area (listed under Order No. 1857 of 5 May 1946) which
brings together nineteen (19) villages.
Flora and
vegetation
The species encountered at the site and in the surrounding

environment have Sahel-Sudan phytogeographic affinities:
falling within the 350 and 600 mm isohyets.
The taxonomic spectrum (the site and the surrounding

environment) indicates 128 species belonging to 99 genera,
split into 41 families. The Poaceae (Graminae) family is the
most diverse one, with 18 species, followed by the FabaceaeFaboidae family which has 17 specific taxa. The Indigofera
genus is the most diverse one, featuring 7 species.
No sensitive area has been noted in the immediate zone of influence

of the projects sites. The only Protected Forest under the projects
influence is that of Pire Gourye.
PF dominated by palmyra groves
Existence of a bird migration corridor (between the PNOD (Djodj
National Bird Park) and the islands of Sine Saloum).
Presence of three (3) endemic species (Crotalariasphaerocarpa,
Polycarpaea linearifolia and Vernoniabambilorensis) of Senegalese
flora.
The presence of three (3) threatened species (Borassus aethiopum,
Adansonia digitata, Faidherbia albida) or species that may pose a
threat to other Senegalese species.
The presence of eight (8) species (Adansonia digitata, Borassus
aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis, Faidherbia albida, Grewia bicolor,
Prosopis africana, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana) that
are partially protected by the Senegalese Forestry Code.
The presence of types of trees that have multiple uses (Adansonia
digitata, Borassus aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis, Faidherbia albida,
Grewia bicolor, Prosopis africana, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus
mauritiana, etc.) some of which are protected by the Forestry Code
and are listed as protected Senegalese flora.
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THEME
STAKES
LEVEL

The presence of a type of tree of proven value to the eco-system.
Fauna
The fauna encountered at the projects site and in the

surrounding environment mainly consists of birds or avifauna.
The inventory mentions the presence of 25 families split into

39 genera and 39 species. The dominant families are:
Columbidae (12.82%), Accipritidae and Ploceidae (7.69 %
each). The Apodidae, Coracidae and Psittacidae families each
account for 5.13%. The rest of the families inventoried each
account for 2.56 %.
Population
The presence of numerous birds from four species fully protected by

the Hunting Code.
The presence of three species of mammals listed in Appendix I of
the 2011 version of the CITES Convention (Mungos mungo,
Ichneumia albicauda and Canis aureus).
The estimated population of the Rural Community (RC) is

24,114 inhabitants; the breakdown for the population of the
RC of Taba Ndiaye is 47.97% males and 52.02% females,
with 60% of the population being young people from 0 to 19
years of age.
The presence of five birds featured in Appendix II (1) (Milvus

migrans, Tockus erythrorhynchus, Tockus nasutus, Bubulcus ibis
and Poicephalus senegalus)
There are ten (10) villages, the closest of which are 1.2 km to 1.5 km
away.
Of the 39 villages comprising the RC of Taba Ndiaye, 10

villages are affected by the project.
Socio-economic
activities
The closest housing sites are 1.2 and 1.5 km from the projects
sites.
The greatest cash crop continues to be manioc (cassava),
which covers nearly 65% of the surface areas, while millet
(20% of the cultivated surface areas) and black-eyed peas (5%
of the cultivated surface areas) are food crops, followed by
market gardening and other seasonal and perennial crops,
particularly mangoes.
Strong presence of agricultural activities: arboriculture, market

gardening, rainfall agriculture, etc.
Low presence of grazing activities: extensive livestock rearing.
The presence of species of plants that have multiple uses and are
exploited by the local populations.
Grazing activities are dominated by semi-intensive grazing.
Interim Report
THEME

Harvesting activities have been developed
exploitation and sale of forest products.
Infrastructure
with
STAKES
LEVEL
the
The only infrastructures at the site and in its immediate

surrounding environment consist of the investments made by
concessionaries (Senelec (Senegals national electricity
company), SDE (the national water company), and Sonatel
(the national telcommunications company)) and a few
personal investments in agricultural lands.
The presence of overhead and underground lines belonging to

Senelec.
The presence of numerous concessionaries: Senelec, Sonatel and

SDE: overhead and/or underground networks.
The presence of boundary hedges established by the operators.
Transport
The main ways of getting around are sandy rural tracks: main
ones and secondary ones.
Climatology
The projects zone is located in the Sahel-Sahara climatic

area, falling within the 350 and 600 mm isohyets.
The presence of traditional wells (known as canes) in market

garden basins, set up by farmers.
The presence of numerous production tracks: main tracks and
secondary tracks.
Maximum low wind speed: 2.8 m/s from September to October.
Maximum speeds from March (4.1 m/s) to May (4.06 m/s).
Interim Report
1.4
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND IMPACTS
The environmental and social management plan enables the mitigation measures listed below
to be implemented depending on the potential impacts identified. This plan specifies those
responsible for implementation of these measures, as well as the surveillance, inspection and
monitoring of them. It also provides methodologies for the implementation of the measures
indicated.
The environmental and social management plan features a set of measures for mitigating the
negative impacts, set out according to the three key stages of the project - the preparation,
operation, and closure/decommissioning of the site.
It also sets out the methods for implementing these measures and features a surveillance and
monitoring plan, as well as institutional measures for strengthening the capacity of the parties
responsible for its implementation and for informing the local population.
Interim Report
Environmental and Social Management Plan during the wind farms design and development phase
Potential negative
impacts
Mitigation measure
Period
Company in
charge
Strategy
implemented
by the
Developer
Indicators
Cost
Monitoring/
Regulatory
Inspection
Temporary
compacting of the
soil
Carrying out soil tests in

order to determine the
nature of the site.
Engineering phase
PETN
Geotechnical
studies by an
approved
laboratory
Test results
10,000,000
Ground
waterproofing after
laying concrete
and excavating
soil.
Priority reuse for

agricultural purposes of the
good soil excavated from
the paths and from the
surface layer for the
foundations.
Development phase
PETN
Recycling and
reuse of the
soils
The volumes of
excavated soil reused
Included in the
CPTP (Special
Works
Specifications)
for the works
Soil and
groundwater
pollution due to
accidental seepage
of liquid pollutants
(worksite or
storage machinery:
Storage of hazardous liquid

products (oils, fuel, etc.)
during construction in a
holding tray that can hold
the tanks full volume.
Development phase
PETN
Works
Contractor
Making
pollution
prevention
kits available
at the worksite
The presence of holding

trays
The number of
emergency interventions
Technical inspections of
heavy machinery
Included in the
works
quotation
PETN
RC of Taba
Ndiaye
DREEC
(Regional
Division for the
Environment
and Listed
Establishments
)/This and
Monitoring
Committee
PETN
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Project
Manager and
landowners
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Project
Manager
10
Interim Report
hydrocarbons,
hydraulic fluids,
lubricants and
paints).
Soil and sub-soil
pollution: presence
of oils in the wind
turbines
(approximately
1,500 litres per
wind turbine), oil
in the
transformers.
Reduction of the
arable surface
areas and a decline
in production
yields
Loss of forestry
and agriculture
production
Pruning or possible
removal of certain
trees planted
and/or important
shrubs along the
access paths.
Placement of equipment
items with oils inside them
(gearbox, transformers,
etc.) in a holding bin that is
sufficiently large.
Engineering phase
PETN
Giving
priority to dry
transformers
instead of
transformers
that use oil
As above
Included in the
works
quotation
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Project
Manager
Compensate landowners in
accordance with a scale
that has been jointly agreed
to
Engineering phase
Development phase
PETN
Setting up a
compensation
committee
The number of people

affected by the project
The compensation
amount
The number of
complaints and claims
To be
determined
with the
landowners
and the
Municipal
Council of
Taba Ndiaye
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Rural Council
Compensation
Committee
Development phase
PETN
IREF
Plant trees
and shrubs to
compensate
for this
The number of plants

The linear distance for
the trees and shrubs
planted
10,000,000
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Selection of the site

Fair and equitable
compensation of the people
affected by the project
Protection of important
species located in the fields
and along the access paths.
PETN
Forestry sector
11
Interim Report
Adverse effects on
stands of heritage
species
Cutting down
trees, clearing land
Accidental
introduction of
invasive species
Destruction, loss
or deterioration of
habitats (sites
where nesting or
wintering over
occurs)
Avifauna,
chiropterans
No soil brought in that is

from off-site
Putting back removed
topsoil with plants after the
works
Preservation of the crane
pad area
Protection of habitats
highly sensitive to being
trampled, informing the
public
Management of threatened
natural environments
Selection of a site that
avoids migration paths
Selection of the height of
the wind turbines
Positioning of the wind
turbines: outside sensitive
zones, parallel to paths that
avifauna fly along, spacing
rows to facilitate passing
through
Placing markings on the
wind turbines in order to
limit the impact on
avifauna
Maintaining habitats on the
edges of the wind farm by
managing crop rotation
Development phase
Development phase
Site selection
Checking prior
to works that
there are no
heritage species
there
PETN
IREF
PETN
Included in
the works
quotation
Heritage species
affected
Compensatory tree
plantings
The number of deaths

due to the wind turbines
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Not given
PETN
Forestry sector
of Tivaouane
Included in the
works
quotation
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
PETN
Forestry sector
12
Interim Report
Destruction, loss
or deterioration of
habitats
Destruction of
specimens that are
not very mobile
Noise generated by
machinery passing
by (trucks, cranes),
increase in the
number of peak
levels per hour.
Possible
deterioration of the
roads and red earth
tracks, noise
pollution, etc.
Disturbances to
employees and
neighbours
Dust being created
during
earthmoving works
Check prior to the works

that there are no heritage
species
Rehabilitation or creation
of replacement ponds
Development and
engineering phase
PETN
Site selection that

avoids sensitive zones
Not given
Carrying out the work

on work days (working
on weekends, at dawn
and at night-time shall
be avoided as much as
possible).
Limiting noise levels
(do not exceed the
values taken into
account under the
framework of this
study).
Setting up a police escort
for a one-off convoy
working in collaboration
with the company building
the wind turbines, the
police and local authorities.
Wide-load transport permit
request
Development phase
PETN
Works
Contractor
Noise level
Individual protective
equipment allocated
to staff
Complaints and
grievances from
people living nearby
Include in the
CPTP
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
PETN
Development phase
PETN
Involve Civil
Defence
% of rotations
escorted
Deterioration of the
roads due to axle
overloading
1,500,000
Works
contractor
PETN
Included in the
works
contractors
offer
DREEC/This,
Security Forces
Land
Transport
Directorate
Sarreole
DPC (Civil
Defence
Directorate)
PETN
DREEC/This
Public Health
District
Spraying tracks driven

along
Planting trees along the
tracks to catch dust
Development phase
-
-
The presence of
water tanks
Volumes of water
consumed for
sprinkling paths
The linear
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Interim Report
relating to the
wind turbines
footprints and
tracks
Dust thrown up by
machinery and
heavy vehicles on
the red earth tracks
distance of trees
planted to catch
dust
Natural fire risks

due to lightning
strikes
Carry out a lightning

protection study
Development phase
PETN
Involve the DPC
46 lightning rods
installed
Modification of
how the space is
organized,
introduction of
scale ratios
Interactions with
the landscaping
environment (rural,
urban, industrial
landscape), and
with landscape
factors
Landscaping project
Development phase
PETN
Site selection and

layout variant
Landscape insertion
project proposed
Limitation of visibility of
the site
Specific operations for
returning the site to its
original condition
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Interim Report
Included in the
equipment
foreseen on
each wind
turbine
Not given
PETN
DPC
PETN
Borough of
Taba Ndiaye
DREEC
Environmental and Social Management Plan during the wind farms operations phase
Potential
Mitigation measure
Period
Company in Strategy
negative
charge
implemented by
impacts
the Developer
Investment in
Negative fiscal
Operational aid for local
Borough of
favor of local
impacts
structures (agricultural,
Operations phase
Taba
bodies
Negative tourist
associations, tourist and
Ndiaye
neighboring the
impacts
other structures)
wind farm
Soil and
groundwater
pollution due to
accidental
Making pollution
seepage of liquid Storage of hazardous liquid
prevention kits
products (oils, fuel, etc.)
PETN
pollutants
available at the
during construction in a
Operations phase
Works
(worksite or
worksite
holding tray that can hold
Contractor
storage
the tanks full volume.
machinery:
hydrocarbons,
hydraulic fluids,
lubricants and
paints).
Carrying out maintenance
work according to a wellestablished schedule and
Pollution during
whilst taking the precautions
Emergency
maintenance
Operations phase
PETN
required to avoid any
measures
work and oil
spillage whatsoever of oil or
changes.
any other liquid substance
that is hazardous to the
environment.
Indicators
Borough revenues
Subsidies granted to
producers organizations
Structural projects that
favor the community
The presence of holding
trays
The number of
emergency interventions
Technical inspections of
heavy machinery
Holding trays and

pollution prevention kits
15
Interim Report
Cost
Not given
Monitoring/
Regulatory
Inspection
Municipal Council of
Taba Ndiaye
Monitoring
Committee
Included in the
works
quotation
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Project Manager
- Included in
the operating
budget
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Project Manager
Reduction of the
arable surface
areas and a
decline in
production
yields
Trampling of
habitats in the
vicinity by
visitors (indirect
effect)
Risk of bird
strikes against
moving blades
(limited risk);
birds of prey are
however more
sensitive to
latticework
towers.
Compensate landowners in
accordance with a scale that
has been jointly agreed to
Preservation of the crane

pad area
Protection of habitats highly
sensitive to being trampled,
informing the public
Management of threatened
natural environments
Placing markings on the

wind turbines in order to
limit the impact on avifauna
Operations phase
Operations phase
Operations phase
PETN
Setting up a
monitoring
committee for
complaints from
people affected by
the project
Allocating an
operating budget
to the committee
PETN
Restoring
deteriorated
environments
Stabilizing access
paths
Setting up
research protocols
with universities
and research
institutes
Monitoring deaths
PETN
The number of
complaints and claims
The disputes resolved
Restored surface areas

Communication tools
developed that are aimed
at visitors
The number of deaths due

to the wind turbines
16
Interim Report
1,500,000
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Rural Council
Compensation
Committee
Included in the
works costs
DEEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry sector of
Tivaouane
7,000,000
DEEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry sector of
Tivaouane
Bird scarer
effect: risk of
disturbing wide
avifauna
Barrier effect
Miscellaneous
disturbances (for
example failed
reproduction or
lowering of the
reproduction
rate)
Developing ornithological
monitoring in order to
assess the impacts of the
wind turbines on the
avifauna
Maintenance of habitats on
the edges of the wind farm
by managing crop rotation
Protecting nesting sites
Adapted control of how the
wind turbines operate
Noise generated
by operating and
maintenance
vehicles passing
by
Possible
deterioration of
the roads and red
earth tracks,
noise pollution,
etc.
Raising the awareness

of operating staff about
speed limits and
instructions for
following the road code
and road signage
Traffic speed limit in
accordance with
recommendations
Noise level limit (do
not exceed the values
factored in within the
context of this study).
Contribute to periodic
maintenance of the road
Contribution to the budget
of the Borough of Taba
Ndiaye for maintaining and
rehabilitating tracks
Operations phase
Development and
dismantling phases
Operations phase
PETN
The
Forestry
Sector
PETN
Involve research
institutes and
universities
Direct observation of the

rarity of the local fauna
The existence of
monitoring protocols
Monitoring results
Works Contractor
Tools for raising

awareness developed
Complaints and
grievances from people
living nearby
Involve Civil
Defence
PETN
Taxes paid for excess

loads
Budget allocated to
maintaining tracks
17
Interim Report
4,000,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry sector
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Road Safety
Authority
PETN
DREEC/This,
Security Forces
Roads Directorate
Land Transport
Directorate
PETN
DPC
Risk of
accidents
(broken blades,
fallen towers,
the rotor
catching fire,
environment
pollution, road
transport of the
wind turbine
components,
lightning
strikes).
Generating
infrasonic
sounds
Shadow casting
effect
Risk of collision
(foundations,
towers), and of
becoming
snagged (bottom
of the blades,
cables)
Site selection (far away

from neighboring houses)
Informing the public
Setting up a POI (Internal
Operations Plan) and testing
it regularly
Operations phase
PETN
Installing the wind turbines

in the direction of traffic
flow and the spacing of the
machines
Audio signal
Operations phase
PETN
Involve the DPC
Existence of a POI and

testing it
Campaign for informing
the local population and
safety rules markings
15,000,000
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
Sarreole
DPC
Local body of Taba
Ndiaye &
neighboring
populations
Incidents log
Not given
PETN
DPC
DREEC
18
Interim Report
Noise from the

wind turbines
Light emissions
Radio frequency
reception
disruptions
Disturbances to
the neighboring
area
Natural fire risks
following a
lightning strike
Site selection (far away

from neighbours)
Acoustic optimisation of the
wind farm
Re-establishing reception
quality
Curtailing the wind turbines
should they exceed noise
levels
Install lightning rods on the
wind turbines
The frustrations
of neighboring
villages that are
not electrified
Setting up a structure for

dialogue between the
authorities, the surrounding
population, and applicants.
Bringing the
environmental
authorities up to
speed regarding
operation of the
wind farm
Organizing study visits and

benchmarking
Operations phase
Operations phase
Operations phase
Public health
monitoring
protocol with the
University of
This (Faculty of
Medicine)
PETN
PETN
Involve the DPC
PETN
Involve the ASER

(Senegalese Rural
Electrification
Agency) in
consultations
Contribute to the
costs for
connecting the
villages adopted
Complaints from
neighbours and network
operators
Number of lightning rods

Fires linked to lightning
within the footprint of the
wind farm
The number of electrified

villages
-
Operations phase
PETN
Involve Senelec
The number of
participants
Travel time and
destination
19
Interim Report
5,000,000
Forecast made
for each wind
turbine
7,500,000
10,000,000
DREEC
DPC
Social Security
University of This
Municipal Council of
Taba Ndiaye
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
PETN
DPC
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee
PETN
ASER
Local body of Taba
Ndiaye &
neighboring
populations
DEEC/DREEC
PETN
Borough of Taba
Ndiaye
DPC
1.5
THE COST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PLAN
The environmental management and monitoring plan includes three categories of measures:
-
-
-
Technical and/or environmental measures to be included in the call for tenders file as contractual
measures and which will not be assessed financially;
Surveillance and monitoring measures, including measures for boosting capacity, the costs of
which will be negotiated and laid down subject to joint agreement with the stakeholders
(monitoring actors and service providers);
Specific
measures
which
will
be
covered
in
the
development
budget.
20
Interim Report
INTRODUCTION AND CONTEX OF THE PROJET
2.1
CONTEXT OF THE STUDY
Population growth, and particularly urban population growth, leads to an increase in energy needs
and particularly in renewable energy needs. The traditional local operator, the company Senelec,
declared an increase in consumption and an increase in the number of clients at a rate in the
vicinity of 10% per year. The bulk of the production is moreover thermal power production (along
with the drawbacks related to the petroleum products market in terms of costs, energy
dependence, and pollution) or hydro-power production. Under these conditions, it seems
opportune to give priority to local renewable energy resources such as solar energy and wind
power.
The development of wind power today forms part of the policies for combating the
greenhouse effect. The Kyoto (1997) and Buenos Aires conferences concluded that there was
a need to limit greenhouse gas emissions. It is the combustion of fossil fuels (fuel oil and coal
in particular) which causes most of the worlds atmospheric pollution and warming.
In 2010, Senegals energy supply relied mainly on fossil fuel-based energy sources; oil and its
derivatives in particular. The electricity demand is increasing every year and new production
capacities will have to be installed.
According to the figures published by Senelec, the national electricity operator, over 87% of
electricity production relies on the consumption of imported petroleum products.
Table 1: Breakdown for Senelecs annual electricity production by source: fossil fuel/hydro-power
Annual electricity production (GWh) and % breakdown by source:

fossil fuel/hydro-power
Year
GWh
Fossil fuel portion Hydro-power portion
2013
2,900
89%
11%
2012
2,787
89%
11%
2011
2,444
91.8%
8.2%
2010
2,499
90%
10%
2009
2,372
89.9%
10.1%
(Source: Senelec business reports 2009 - 2013)
Senegals social and economic development requires an increase in the production of

electrical energy and particularly the creation of an energy mix in which renewable energy
sources, contributing to the countrys sustainable development and produced locally, will play
21
Interim Report
an increasing role. By 2020, Senegals energy policy should enable a 20% renewable energy
sources component to be integrated into the national energy mix.
In the years to come, wind power will experience major development within the current
context of excessively high fossil fuel costs. Even though this renewable form of energy
offers major environmental advantages, it can also entail certain changes and inconveniences.
Therefore it is important to develop quality wind parks that are integrated into their natural
and human environment, in the spirit of the Environmental Code (Law No. 2001 - 01 of 15
January 2001), Title I, Chapter III (Instruments for environmental protection), Article L 8 of
which states: the national strategy implemented by the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change is one of the instruments for environmental protection. Wind
power is a form of energy that does not produce greenhouse gases.
The establishment of wind farms, which is a clear symbol of modern dynamism, will be
perceived not only as an innovative but also as a highly original demonstration, marking a
strong commitment to a sustainable energy policy mindful of the needs of future generations.
2.2
2.2.1
THE PROJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL STAKES

Objectives
The ultimate purpose of the wind power production program at Taba Ndiaye is to contribute
to the sustainable development of Senegals electrical power supply by establishing a wind
farm providing major power generating capacity within a sector that is already industrialised
and is experiencing a major need in terms of power supply.
2.2.2
The projects components
This project, which involves a total power of 151.8 MW, and involves the installation of 46
wind turbines with a power per unit of 3.3 MW, will be carried out in 5 phases:
A development phase, involving feasibility and impact studies, forming part of a period
lasting about 6 years starting in June 2007, with a budget of approximately 1,000,000,000.
An administrative and contractual phase, relating to the various permits required (construction
permit, operating permits) and the purchase contracts for the electricity produced over a
period of 15 to 20 years.
An execution phase, marking the actual installation of the wind turbines, with the execution
involving three (3) tranches over 3 years: two (2) 52.80 MW wind turbines and one (1) 46.20
MW wind turbine (approximately). This power level seems to be a critical power level for the
construction of a project.Good execution of this phase assumes the establishment of a project
that is sufficiently substantial to motivate investors and suppliers of wind turbines in
particular, and enables economies of scale to be used in order to share costs (studies, creating
access ways and electrical connections, moving construction teams and resources, and
erecting the wind turbines).
22
Interim Report
2.3
THE SCOPE, GOAL AND OBJECTIVE OF THE EIS
The objective of this impact study is to identify the information required in order to assess the
environmental impacts of establishing a wind farm within the borough of Taba Ndiaye.
The study will make it possible to report on all of the components in the natural and human
environment likely to be adversely affected by the project.
Such an EIS makes it possible to identify both the positive and negative impacts of the project
on the biophysical and social environment and to propose measures likely to mitigate the
negative effects that may arise and optimize the benefits. These measures will be outlined indepth in an environmental and social management plan that will constitute the environmental
specifications for PETN during implementation of the project, should it be granted
authorization following the environmental assessment.
Development of the project will inevitably lead to both positive and negative environmental
and social impacts. These potential impacts as well as the appropriate mitigation measures are
presented in greater detail in Chapters 10 and 11 of this report.
To this end, it should be emphasized that the EIS should thereby enable:
-
Better factoring in of the environment from the design of the project onwards;
Anticipation of any environmental impacts;
Seeking improvements to the actions envisioned;
Defining corrective measures or alternative measures.
2.4
METHODOLOGY
The methodology for assessing potential impacts of the Taba Ndiaye wind park development
project was implemented with the assistance of a group of environmental assessment
specialists. While targeting the selection of a simple, rigorous method that is comprehensive
and is recognized, the additional objective involved in this approach was to opt for a method
that was well-suited to the project, or in other words, a method that factors in optimizing the
locations of the wind turbines and the potential impacts on the environment.
The goal of analysis of the impacts is to examine both the beneficial and harmful
consequences of the project for the environment, as well as to ensure that these consequences
are duly considered during the design phase. In other words, the goal of analyzing the
environmental impacts is to identify, describe and assess the inter-relations between a project
and the physical, biological and human components of the environment affected by the
project.
More specifically, the method recommended involves the following main stages.
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Interim Report
Stage 1: Determine the inter-relations between the projects components (that are sources of
impacts) and the environments components.
Stage 2: Establish the environmental value of the environments components.
Stage 3: Assess the importance of the impact based on its intensity, its extent, and its duration,
and assess the residual impact following the implementation of particular mitigation
measures, where need be.
Stage 4: Make an overall assessment of the projects impacts.
STAGE 1 DETERMINING THE INTER-RELATIONS
This initial stage consists of properly identifying the projects various components that cause
impacts, as well as the environmental component adversely affected by the project. In
addition to using the projects technical characteristics and the data gathered concerning the
environmental components, establishing the inter-relations was developed in detail based on
analysis of similar projects and by benefiting from the knowledge of the various experts
involved in the current project. Moreover, determining the inter-relations in question was
supplemented by integrating the details contained in the documents available for this type of
study.
This detailed stage should enable all the possible impact sources to be identified. It is essential
for studying the impacts on the environment, because it makes it possible to ensure that all the
factors have been examined, and therefore to avoid any subsequent questions arising.
The factors and the inter-relations between them were grouped together depending on the
various phases of the project, namely:
Development phase: The development phase for the infrastructure (paths, wind turbines,
etc.).
Operations phase: The effective lifespan as far as energy production by the wind turbines is
concerned.
Decommissioning phase: The period required for decommissioning the equipment and
cleaning up the sites used.
STAGE 2 ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS
VALUE
OF
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
The environmental value was established for each of the environments physical, biological
and human components.
For the physical and biological environmental aspects, the environmental value is based on
establishing and integrating two factors; namely the ecosystem factor and the social factor.
More specifically, the value linked to the ecosystem factor expresses the relative importance
24
Interim Report
of a component depending on its value for the ecosystem it is located in (its function or role,
representativeness, frequentation, diversity, rareness or uniqueness) and its qualities
(dynamism and potential).
Determining it calls on the judgements of specialists following a systematic analysis of the
environments components. The social value can only increase the environmental value of a
component in the natural environment; it will never reduce it.
In the case of the human environment, only the social value is considered for determining the
environmental value. The social value states the relative importance assigned by the public,
the various levels of government, or any other legislative or regulatory authority to a given
environmental component. It indicates popular or political desire or willingness to maintain
the integrity and original nature of a component. This willingness is expressed via the legal
protection granted to it or via the interest shown by the public at local or regional level. The
social value is established depending on the preoccupations of the population concerned by
the environmental component. The perceptions and preoccupations that we have gathered
from this population during this study are used as factors for establishing this value. The
social value assigned to the various environmental components largely stems from the
preoccupations indicated during public presentations and consultations held under the
framework of this project.
In order to establish the environmental value of the components in the natural or human
environments, the first stage involved an individual assessment by each of the specialists
associated with the project. Subsequently, a group of specialists compared these assessments
in such a way as to ensure uniformity in terms of establishing these environmental values.
In terms of the environmental value assigned to environmental components, we distinguish
between three classes:
HIGH: An environmental component has high environmental value when one of the
following two conditions is fulfilled:
- The component is protected by a law or forms the subject of special protection measures.
- The protection or preservation of the integrity of the component forms the subject of a
consensus between the specialists and administrators or among all the various sectors of the
public concerned.
AVERAGE: An environmental component is of average environmental value when one of

the following two conditions is fulfilled:
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Translation of the above figure:

Study concerning the
ecological functioning of the
site, the presence of protected
habitats and species.
Field visits targeting species
sensitive to wind turbines
(according to the preliminary
framework)
Analysis of the effects on the

environments and the species.
Assessment of the importance of
the impacts (surface area,
species, changes in behavioural
patterns, etc.)
Definition of the protocols
according to the BACI (Before
After Control Impact)
principle.
Environmental assessment of
the worksite and the operation.
CONDUCT OF THE IMPACT STUDY

1. PRELIMINARY FRAMEWORK
2. INITIAL STATE
3. ALTERNATIVES
4. ASSESSMENT OF THE
EFFECTS
5. REDUCTION
MEASURES
6. MONITORING IMPACTS
Definition of the ecological

study areas.
Definition of the themes to be
studied and of those requiring
field investigations.
Selection of the site and the
variant with the lowest
environmental impact.
Selection of the layout of the
wind turbines and of the access
paths in relation to the stakes
relating to natural environments.
Definition of elimination and
reduction measures relating to
the design of the project,
executing the works, etc.
Where applicable, defining
compensation measures.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the methodological approach for environmental assessment of the
impacts
- Preservation or protection of the components integrity constitutes a matter of lesser concern

for the specialists and administrators or for all of the sectors of the public concerned.
- The component constitutes a matter of concern, but does not form the subject of a consensus
between the specialists and the administrators or all of the sectors of the public concerned.
LOW: A component in the environment has a low environmental value when preserving it,
protecting it, or its integrity are of little concern or are of no concern among the specialists
and administrators or all of the sectors of the public concerned.
STAGE 3 - ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE IMPACTS
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The methodological approach consists of establishing the importance of the impacts by

combining the intensity of the disruption, as well as the extent (the amount of space) and the
duration (the amount of time) of the impacts with the environmental value of the
environments components. There are three categories of importance for the impacts, namely
high, average and low. For each of them, the type of impact (positive or negative) has to be
indicated. The factors determining the importance of the impacts are presented below.
2.4.1
Intensity of the disruptions
Depending on the component considered, the disruption may have positive or negative
effects. These effects on the environmental component may also be direct or indirect.
Furthermore, you have to take into account the fact that the sum of these effects may increase
the level of disruption to an environmental component.
A distinction is drawn between three value classes assigned to the intensity of the disruptions:
HIGH: For a component in the natural environment, the intensity of the disruption is high
when it either destroys or has significant adverse effects on the integrity of that component. In
other words, a disruption has a high intensity if it is likely to lead to a decline or a major
change in the environment as a whole.
For a component in the human environment, the intensity of the disruption is high when it
compromises or significantly limits the use of the aforementioned component by the
community or a rural population.
AVERAGE: For a component in the natural environment, the intensity of the disruption is
average when it destroys or has significant adverse effects on the component to a lesser
extent, without undermining its integrity, but in a way that is likely to lead to a limited change
of its regional distribution within the environment.
For a component in the human environment, the intensity of the disruption is average when it
affects an environmental aspect or when it compromises the use of the aforementioned
component by part of the regional population, without however adversely affecting the
integrity of the component or undermining its use.
LOW: For a component in the natural environment, the intensity of the disruption is low
when it only has slight adverse effects on the component without undermining its integrity or
leading to a reduction or to significant changes in its general distribution within the
environment.
For a component in the human environment, the intensity of the disruption is low when it has
little effect on an environmental aspect or the use of the component without however
undermining its integrity or its use.
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2.4.2
Extent of the impact
The extent of the impact expresses the scope or spatial influence of the effects stemming from
an intervention carried out on the environment. This concept refers either to the distance or to
a surface area over which the changes experienced by a component are felt, or to the
proportion of a population that will be affected by these changes. A distinction is drawn
between three classes that may be assigned to the extent of the impacts:
REGIONAL: The extent of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as
regional when it adversely affects a huge area or several components over a major distance
from the projects site or when it is experienced by all of the population or by a major
proportion of that population.
LOCAL: The extent of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as local
when it adversely affects a relatively limited area or a certain number of components within
(for example: a particular ecosystem), either in the vicinity or at a certain distance from the
projects site, or when it is experienced by a limited percentage of the population.
SPOT: The extent of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as spot when it
is felt in a small, restricted area within the environment, whether it adversely affects a small
portion or it is only perceptible to a limited group of people (for example: when the impact is
felt by a specific environmental feature, such as a plot of land where the hoisting station is
installed, a span over a waterway, etc.).
2.4.3
Duration of the impact
The duration of an impact expresses its temporal dimension, namely the period during which
the changes to a component are felt. This concept does not necessarily match the period
during which the direct cause of the impact acts. It must also take into account the frequency
of the impact when it is intermittent.
A distinction is drawn between three classes that may be assigned to the duration of impacts:
LONG: The duration of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as long
(generally, greater than 5 years) when it is experienced either continually or intermittently
over a sufficiently long time in order to compromise the natural recruitment of a population
for more than one generation (for example: the presence of wind turbines). It may include
effects considered as irreversible.
AVERAGE: The duration of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as
average (generally, from 1 to 5 years) when it is felt either continually or intermittently (for
example: rutting of the soil) over a period of time subsequent to the works period.
SHORT: The duration of an impact on an environmental component is qualified as short
(generally, less than 1 year) when it is felt either continually or intermittently over a limited
period of time that may relate to a specific stage of the works (for example: road transport).
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2.4.4
Importance of the impact
For the purposes of assessing the importance of environmental impacts, each specialist in the
disciplines concerned drew up a list of the components and factors affected (inter-relations)
belonging to the physical, biological and human environments.
Each of them drew up and justified their assessments of the value of the components, as well
as the intensity, duration and extent of the impacts anticipated. Then, mitigation measures
appropriate for reducing the importance of these impacts were proposed. A group of
environmental assessment specialists then compared the individual assessments so that a final
assessment of the importance of the environmental impacts could be drawn up. Using the grid
presented in Table 6.1 makes it possible to systematically establish the importance of the
impact anticipated. It should be noted that the impacts deemed to be positive have the (+) sign
alongside them in the tables. The group of specialists also assessed the residual impacts
following the implementation of standard mitigation measures and, in certain cases, it
proposed other mitigation measures aimed at reducing these residual impacts.
Throughout the projects various phases (development, operations and decommissioning), the
residual impacts were assessed according to the potential impacts and the effects of the
mitigation measures proposed. The actual impacts express the true effect, supported by
monitoring of the project, which sometimes may differ from the prior estimates. Figure 2
enables the series of stages involved in assessing impacts to be better understood.
Potential impacts
Residual impacts
Mitigation measures
Actual impacts
Monitoring
Figure 2: Process involved in the detailed assessment of environmental and social impacts
Provision is made for environmental monitoring and inspection measures for properly
assessing various parameters of the physical, biological and human components of the
environment throughout each of the projects various phases.
2.5
STRUCTURING OF THE REPORT
In addition to an introductory chapter and a conclusion, a description of the main projects

activities and installations is provided in Chapter 3, followed by an examination of the
legislation and of appropriate policy in Senegal (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 deals with the initial
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condition of the environment at both of the sites targeted by the project. Chapter 6 tackles the
environmental sensitivity of the site. Chapter 6 covers analysis of the variants, which is
followed by the results of the public consultation presented in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 identifies
and analyzes the environmental and social impacts of the project specifically during each
phase; while Chapter 10 assesses the technological and professional risks inherent in the
projects activities which potentially pose dangers. The various sections of Chapter 11 relate
to the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), which presents the mitigation
measures, the implementation calendar, the costs, the implementation and monitoring
responsibilities, and the relevant deadlines. This chapter also deals with monitoring and
surveillance, identifying the most relevant factors to be monitored in order to fulfill the
environmental and social requirements imposed on the project.
The bibliographic references, the terms of reference, the people consulted and other support
documents constitute the appendices.
The environmental and social aspects considered in this ESIS (Environmental and Social
Impact Study) comply with the terms of reference validated by the DEEC and appended to
this report.
2.6
AUTHORS OF THE ESIS
This study was carried out by Hpr Ankh Consultants which mobilized a multi-disciplinary
team consisting of the following people:
Table 2: List of the experts involved in drawing up the study
No. FIRST NAME AND SURNAME
POSITION/DUTIES
1
Mouhamed Thioye
Electromechanical Engineer specialising in energy
2
Insa Fall
Specialist in Natural Sciences and Environmentalist
3
Mamadou Didhiou
Sociologist and Environmentalist
4
Oumar Fall
Specialist in Sanitation Engineering and the
Environment
5
Bocar Diallo
Geographic Information System Expert
6
Idrissa Guiro
Specialist Geographer, Climatologist
7
Awa Diallo
Chemical Engineer
8
Al Assane Sne
Geographer and Environmentalist
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1
GENERAL POINTS CONCERNING THE PROJECT
Modern wind generators, commonly referred to as wind turbines, have undergone major
technological progress made over some years now. They are reliable and efficient and enable
decentralized electricity production that is pollution-free and does not create greenhouse gas
emissions. It is a clean, renewable form of energy that facilitates our countrys diversification
and energy independence.
3.1.1
The technical components of a wind turbine
By exerting a force on the wind turbines blades, wind makes them turn. The rotors spinning
then activates an electric generator, with or without the assistance of a gearbox: there is a
transfer of the winds kinetic energy to electrical energy.
The recoverable energy is provided by the Betz equation: P = 0.37*S*V3
P: The power recoverable by a wind turbine, in W
S: The surface area swept by the blades, in m
V: The wind speed, in m/s
Thus, knowledge of the wind resource is particularly important and for carrying out an on-site
measuring campaign it is necessary in order to refine knowledge of the wind strength and
wind direction. It should also be noted that a good wind park site will be subject to steady
winds rather than extremely strong winds alternating with calm periods.
The first tower, for meteorological measurements, was erected in January 2008 and is 50 m
high. The measuring campaign lasted at least 12 months.
3.1.2
Wind turbine
A wind turbine consists of:

Three blades connected to a hub; the assembly is called a rotor;
A nacelle supporting the rotor, in which the technical componentry required to
generate electricity is located (a gearbox, generator, etc.);
A tower on which the nacelle and the rotor are mounted;
A base providing the foundations for the assembly.
The winds force causes the rotor to spin, which brings about the rotation of a motor shaft, the
speed of which is amplified by a gearbox. Electricity is produced from a generator.
Specifically, a wind turbine begins working whenever the wind speed is sufficient to cause
the rotor to spin. The greater the wind speed, the more electricity the wind turbine will
provide (until the maximum production threshold is reached).
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Figure 3: Diagram of the wind turbines nacelle
Cooler Top
Generator and converter
Blades
Hub and Pitch System
Gearbox
Tower
Four operating periods should be considered for a wind turbine.
As soon as the wind speed reaches 2 m/s, an automatic controller, which is informed
by a wind sensor, commands the slewing motors to position the wind turbine so it is
facing the wind. The three blades then start moving solely due to the force of the wind.
They in turn cause the gearbox and the electric generator to turn.
When the wind speed is sufficient (3 m/s), the wind turbine may be connected to the
electrical network. The rotor then spins at its rated speed.
The generator then provides an alternating electrical current with a voltage of 690
volts, the intensity of which varies depending on the wind speed. Thus, when the latter
increases, the load borne by the rotor increases and the power provided by the
generator increases.
When the wind speed reaches the value indicated in the table below, the wind turbine
will be supplying its maximum power (3,300 kW). This is kept constant through
gradual reduction of the load borne by the blades. A hydraulic system regulates the
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load-bearing by adjusting the angle of the blades by pivoting them on their bearings
(each blade can rotate on its own mounting).
Table 3: The rotor speed and the optimal wind speed
The rotors rotational

speed
The minimum wind
speed required for
maximum production
V112 3.3 MW
V117 3.3 MW
V126 3.3 MW
6.2 to 17.7 rpm
6.2 to 17.7 rpm
5.3 to 16.5 rpm
14 m/s
13.5 m/s
12.5 m/s
The electricity is routed from the wind turbine directly onto the electrical network. The
electricity is not stored.
A wind farm consists of:
3.1.3
Several wind turbines;

One or more power sub-stations;
Electrical links;
Access paths.
The rotor
Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind turbines are fitted with a rotor consisting of 3 blades
and a hub. Each blade comprises an assembly of two shells over a support bar. The general
characteristics of the blades are as follows:
Table 4: Characteristics of the wind turbines blades
Diameter of the
rotor
Surface area
swept by the rotor
Length of one
blade
Weight of one
blade*
The blades
materials
V112 3.3 MW
112 m
V117 3.3 MW
117 m
V126 3.3 MW
126 m
9,852 m
10,751 m
12,469 m
55 m
57 m
62 m
12.3 tonnes
13.3 tonnes
11.9 tonnes
Fibreglass
reinforced with
epoxy and carbon
fibre
Fibreglass
reinforced with
epoxy and carbon
fibre
Fibreglass
reinforced with
epoxy and carbon
fibre
* Optimisation under way; it is likely to be less than this

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The blades are relatively lightweight due to a range of new materials being used. For
example, carbon fibre a high-strength, rigid and very lightweight material was used as a
replacement for fibreglass in order to develop the structure bearing the blades load. Thanks
to this fibres strength, it became possible to reduce the quantity of material used for making
the blades and thereby considerably reduce the overall weight as well as the loads.
Moreover, the blades have new-generation aerodynamic profiles enabling energy production
to be increased, the impact of roughness on each blades leading edge to be reduced, and good
geometrical continuity to be maintained from one aerodynamic profile and the next. The
geometry of these new blades was defined by optimizing the relation between the general
impact of the load on the wind turbine and its annual energy production. The aerodynamic
profile was developed in collaboration with the Ris National Laboratory, in Denmark. The
blades innovative design improves the wind turbines performance and makes it possible to
increase its output, whilst at the same time reducing the loads transferred to the machine.
3.1.4
The tower
Tubular steel towers, certified in accordance with the standards in force, are available in
various standard heights enabling adaptation to the wind classes and the conditions
encountered onsite.
Table 5: Characteristics of the tower and wind turbine
Description
Material*
Hub heights
Wind class (IEC)
Bottom diameter
section (DA)
Top diameter section
(DB)
Number of sections
Weight*
V112 3.3 MW
Conical tube
S355 and A709
steel
84 m
94 m
IEC2A
IEC2A
91.5 m
IEC2A
4.3 m
4.3 m
4.3 m
6m
9.6 m**
3.3 m
3.3 m
3.3 m
3.3 m
3.3 m
171 t
228 t
V117 3.3 MW
Conical tube
Steel
116.5 m
IEC2A
V126 3.3 MW
Conical tube
Steel and
Steel
concrete
117 m
137 m
IEC3B
IEC3A
313 t
One part is
concrete,
with 2
steel
sections
89 t of
steel
* Optimisation in progress; it is likely to be slightly different.

** Value provided as an indication. To be specified depending on the study done by the manufacturer of the
concrete tower.
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Figure 4: Simplified drawing of the tower
3.1.5
The nacelle
The nacelles casing is made from fibreglass. The nacelles frame consists of a metal structure
that is used as a support for the nacelles various main components: the transmission shaft, the
generator, the gearbox, the transformer, and the control cabinets. The hatch in the floor makes
it possible to hoist up the tools required for maintenance purposes and enables personnel to be
evacuated in the event of a fire in the nacelle. The roof windows enable the nacelle to be
fastened to a crane so it can be hoisted up onto the tower.
The roof is fitted with wind sensors and a skylight that can be opened from inside the nacelle
in order to gain access to the roof. The Vestas Cooler Top cooling system is located on top
of the nacelle, at the rear end of it.
The nacelles frame consists of two parts: a front part made from cast steel and a latticework
structure at the rear. The front part of the nacelle is used as the base for the power unit by
transmitting the rotors dynamic forces to the motor shaft. The rear part features the control
panels, the generator and the transformer.
Table 6: Dimensions of the wind turbines nacelle
Length
12.8 m
3.1.6
Length
without
cooler
4.2 m
Length
with cooler
5.1 m
Height
without
cooler
3.2 m
Height with
cooler
8.3 m
Weight (with cooler,

hub and internal
equipment)
157 t
Vestas Pitch system for the blades
Using the Vestas Pitch system, the angle of the blades is adjusted depending on the energy the
wind provides for the turbine. The angle of the blades on the hub may therefore be varied
using the hydraulic jacks placed along a longitudinal axis in order to optimally benefit from
the instantaneous wind. Varying the angle leads either to an increase or decrease in the load
borne by the blade, and therefore in the motor torque. A control system makes it possible to
determine the optimal position of the blades depending on the wind speed and it commands
the hydraulic system so that positioning can be carried out.
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This system therefore makes it possible to maximize the energy absorbed by the wind turbine,
but it also works as the initial braking mechanism by feathering the blades in the event of
strong winds. It is the most efficient system as it enables constant, near-perfect end-of-line
control of the generators rotation, and therefore control of the power.
The blades are controlled by an OptiTip microprocessor.
Table 7: Characteristics of the wind turbines control system and hydraulics system
Vestas Pitch system
Angle
V112 3.3 MW
From -9 to 90
V117 3.3 MW V126 3.3 MW

From -9 to 90
From -9.5 to
90
Hydraulic
Type
Number
Main pump
1 hydraulic jack per blade

Hydraulic system
Internal double pump
260 bars
Pressure
3.1.7
The gearbox
The gearbox is located in-between the rotor and the generator. For technical reasons, the rotor
is not linked directly to the generator. Indeed, most generators need to rotate at very high
speeds (1,000 to 2,000 rpm) in order to maintain good output. Therefore it is necessary to
increase the rotors rotation frequency before actuating a classic electric generator. This
increase is carried out using the gearbox, which consists of a gear train.
The rotor therefore transmits the wind energy to the gearbox via a slow shaft, and the gearbox
then leads to a fast shaft (1,000 to 2,000 rpm) and couples itself to the electric generator. A
disc brake is mounted directly on the fast shaft. Coupling with the fast shaft is done via two
discs made from composite materials, an intermediate tube with two aluminium flanges and a
fibreglass tube.
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Table 8: Characteristics of the wind turbines gearbox
Gearbox
Type
5 stages:
- 3 planetary gear stages
Ratio
- 2 helical gear stages

Between 1/100 and 1/120 depending on the model of the
gearbox
Between 1,000 and 1,200 litres
Oil quantity
Pressurised oil
Lubrication system
-/15/12 ISO 4406
Oil cleanliness
Figure 5: Cutaway view of the V112/V117/V126 gearbox
3.1.8
The electric generator
The winds mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy by the generator. In the
case of Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind turbines, what is involved is a three-phase
synchronous generator. The stator is connected to a full-power converter which ensures
conversion of all of the energy produced by the generator in order to ensure optimal quality
and frequency before delivery to the electrical grid.
The generator is equipped with an internal cooling circuit described in Chapter 1.3.5.1.
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Table 9: The main characteristics of the wind turbines generator
Description
Electric generator
Three-phase synchronous generator
3.3 MW
Rated power
0-200 Hz
Frequency
3 x 710 V
Rated voltage of the stator
> 98%
Efficiency (generator)
Rated speed
Between 1,450 and 1,550 rpm

2,400 rpm
Speed limit (according to

the IEC)
< 1.9 mm/s
Vibration level
F or H
Insulation class
Figure 6: Appearance and location of the generator
3.1.9
The transformer
The transformer is located in a separate padlocked room inside the nacelle, with lightning
rods mounted on the high-voltage side of the transformer. The transformer constitutes the
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electrical component that raises the voltage coming out of the generator in order to enable
connection to the distribution network. In the case of Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind
turbines, what is involved is a dry three-phase transformer, the characteristics of which are
presented below:
Table 10: The main characteristics of the wind turbines transformer
Type
Primary voltage
Apparent power
Secondary voltage
Load losses (at the rated
power, 120C)
Transformer
Dry three-phase transformer
10-35 kV
3,750 kVA
3 x 650 V
31.5 kW
50 Hz
Frequency
3.1.10 The other electrical components
Although the generator and the transformer constitute the two main electrical systems
involved in the functioning of the wind turbines inside the nacelle, you will find other
electrical components in Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind turbines:
The Vestas Flexpower converter which controls and converts the energy produced by
the generator is located in the nacelle;
The auxiliary system which supplies the various motors, pumps, fan units and heating
devices in the wind turbine. It is located in the command cabinets in the nacelle;
The ultrasound wind sensors with integrated heating; they measure the speed and the
wind direction and are located on the Vestas Cooler Top;
The control system consists of various processers located in the rotor, in the nacelle
and at the foot of the tower;
The uninterruptible power supply which enables the components to be powered in the
case of a breakdown is located at the foot of the tower;
The high-voltage cables running from the nacelle to the bottom of the tower.
3.1.11 The cooling system
The cooling system consists of a limited number of components:
The Vestas Cooler Top located on the roof at the back of the nacelle provides cooling
of the following 2 systems using natural wind flow:
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o A first liquid cooling system, controlled by an electric pump which serves the
gearbox and the hydraulic system;
o A second liquid cooling system, controlled by an electric pump, which serves
the generator and the converter;
Cooling of the transformer using forced air, which includes an electric fan unit;
Cooling of the nacelle using forced air, which includes two electric fan units.
Figure 7: Vestas Cooler Top
3.1.12 Lubrication
The presence of numerous mechanical components in the nacelle involves lubrication on
start-up and during operations in order to reduce the various types of friction and wear
between two parts in contact with and which move in relation to each other.
The chemicals and lubricants used in Vestas wind turbines are certified in accordance with the
ISO 14001: 2004 standard; among the various chemicals, we note the following:
Coolant (glycol water);
Lubricating oils for the gearbox;
Oils for the hydraulics system for the Vestas Pitch system;
Various types of grease for lubricating the bearings;
Various cleaning agents and chemicals for maintenance of the wind turbine.
We will get back to the toxicity of these substances in Chapter 3, which is devoted to this
topic.
Altogether a V112/V117/V126 3.3MW wind turbine contains:
Approximately 600 litres of coolants;
1,346 to 1,546 litres of oil;
Approximately 29 kg of grease
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Table 11: The main lubricants, oils and coolants used
Lubrication points
Bearings for the blades
Teeth on the slewing ring
(pump 1)
Surface of the slewing ring
(pump 2)
The generators bearings
Main bearings
Location
Hydraulics system
Gearbox
Gear assemblies of the nacelle
orientation motors
Location
Transmission and hydraulic
cooling
Cooling of the generator and
the converter
Lubrication
Products*
Klber Klberplex BEM41-141
Klberplex AG11-462
Quantity
Full tank: 15 kg
Full tank: 2 kg
Change
Every year
Every year
Shell Gadus S5 T460 1.5
Full tank: 2 kg
Every year
2/3 of the tank: 2.4 kg

Full tank: 8 kg
Every year
Every year
Quantity
250 litres
1,000 to 1,200 litres
96 litres
Change
Depends on analysis
Depends on analysis
Every 10 years
Coolants
Products*
Texaco Havoline XLC +B -40
Quantity
200 litres
Change
Every 5 years
Texaco Havoline XLC +B -40
400 litres
Every 5 years
Klber Klberplex BEM 41-132

SKF LGWM 1
Oils
Products*
Texaco Rando WM 32/Mobil DTE10-Excel32
Mobilgear SHC XMP 320
Shell Tivela S 320
* Likely to be slightly different; to be checked by the operator.
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3.1.13 Aviation markings

RAS (Senegalese Aeronautical Regulation) No. 7 Volume 1, Design and Technical Operation
of Aerodromes, part 6.2.4 and Table 6-1 of Chapter 6 of RAS 07, describe the marking
specifications for wind turbines as well as the characteristics of aviation lights.
The overall height of the obstacle to be considered is the maximum height of the wind turbine,
or in other words with a blade in vertical position above the nacelle.
The wind turbines will have to comply with the following provisions:
In the case of a wind turbine with an overall height exceeding 150 meters, marking
using medium-intensity lights is supplemented by low-intensity Type B obstacle lights
(32 cd fixed red lights) installed on the tower;
Acceptable colours for wind turbines: White (cf. in France this includes the following
colours: RAL 7035, 7038, 9003, 9010 and 9016);
The day lighting is set as follows:
Type A medium intensity obstacle lights (20,000 cd white flashing lights);
360 visibility of the wind turbine must be ensured.
The night lighting requirements are as follows:
Type B medium intensity obstacle lights (2,000 cd red flashing lights);
360 visibility of the wind turbine must be ensured.
Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind turbines are fitted with blinking LED obstacle lights
featuring Orga L450-63A/63B technology. This system for marking structures posing a
potential aviation hazard integrates cutting-edge technologies that are reliable in the long-term
and offer low energy consumption.
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The characteristics of this marking system are presented in the following table:
Table 12: Characteristics of the aviation marking system
Frequency
Intensity
Visibility
Certification
40 flashes per minutes at daytime

40 flashes per minutes at night-time
20,000 cd at daytime
2,000 cd at night-time
360
ICAO Annex 14 Volume 1, 4th Edition,
July 2004, Chapter 6, Medium Intensity
Type A and Type B obstacle light
depending on model.
In the case of a wind turbine with an overall height that exceeds 150 m, marking with the
medium-intensity lights described above is supplemented by Type B low-intensity lights
installed on the tower. One or more new intermediate levels are installed depending on the
overall height of the wind turbine, in accordance with the following table:
Table 13: Installation heights of the low-intensity lights
OVERALL HEIGHT OF THE WIND
TURBINE
150 < h 200 m
200 < h 250 m
250 < h 300 m
...
150 + (n - 1)*50 m < h 150 + n*50 m
3.2
NUMBER OF LEVELS
1
2
3
...
n
INSTALLATION HEIGHTS
of the Type B low-intensity lights
45 m
45 and 90 m
45, 90 and 135 m
...
Every 45 m up to n*45m
THE PROJECTS LOCATION
The project is located in the This Region, in the Department of Tivaoune and the borough of
Taba Ndiaye (cf. Map 2).
The project can form part of the contribution to sustainable development of Senegals
electricity supply through the establishment of a wind farm providing a high power capacity
of at least 151.8 MW.
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This power will require the establishment of at least 46 wind turbines with a power per unit of
3.3 MW.
NB: The total power of 151.8 MW seems to be a critical power level for the construction of a
ICE ARCHITECTURALE
SARREOLE
2014
project. In fact execution of these three (3) phases assumes the installation of a project that is
sufficiently substantial to motivate investors and suppliers of wind turbines in particular, and
which enables economies of scale to be used in order to share costs (studies, laying down
access ways, electrical connections, and moving the equipment and teams for building and
erecting the wind turbines).
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Establishment zone
Carte 1 : Localisation de la zone dimplantation sur fond de carte (IGN et

Direction des Travaux Gographiques et Cartographiques du Sngal
DGTC-1983).
ECHELLE :
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Map 2: The precise location of the site within the territory of the borough of Taba Ndiaye
3.3
DESCRIPTION OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PHASES
The projects execution may be split into 5 phases:

1. The development phase: Impact studies; in progress
2. The administrative and contractual phase: Obtaining permits (building permits,
operating permits) and purchasing contracts for the electricity produced over a period
of 15 to 20 years; in progress
3. The execution phase for the first tranche with the installation of 16 x 3.3 MW wind
turbines providing a total power of 52.8 MW (approximately).
4. The execution phase for the second tranche with the installation of 16 x 3.3 MW wind
turbines providing a total power of 52.8 MW.
5. The execution phase for the third tranche with the installation of 14 x 3.3 MW wind
turbines providing a total power of 46.2 MW
3.3.1
The preparatory phase
The preparatory phase will consist of carrying out a series of boring at the locations where the
wind turbines are to be sited, in such a way as to specify the nature of the foundations
foreseen (geotechnical investigations). If need be, they will be supplemented by tests carried
out by the company assigned for the construction and supply of the wind turbines.
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Figure 8: The components of a wind farm
The components of a wind farm

Wind measuring tower
Wind turbines array
Existing electrical network
Technical facility
Underground electrical link

Access road
3.3.2
The construction phase
Implementing the worksite for constructing a wind farm involves a series of major stages.
They follow on from each other in a very precise order, determined in concert by the project
sponsor, the operators and/or landowners, and the operators of the installation.
3.3.2.1 Preparing the land
The construction of a wind farm, which is a substantial development, requires preparing the
land used for establishing the wind turbines and laying access routes to them. Thus, the
developments and/or construction of roads and paths will be carried out: levelling of the
ground, widening turns, etc.
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Figure 9: Preparing the land
The various components comprising wind turbines are heavy and also very large. Section
1.4.3 Site access presented the characteristics of a convoys load and the sizing of the tracks
to be laid as a consequence.
3.3.2.2 Laying the foundations
Laying foundations will only be possible after geotechnical assessments have been carried
out. Thus, depending on the characteristics and the special features of the land on which it is
envisioned the project will be executed, the dimensions and the type of foundation rebar will
be determined.
An excavator will be involved initially in order to dig out a set volume of soil. Then operators
will lay out rebar the characteristics of which will be the outcome of the geotechnical
analysis. Lastly, concrete mixers will pour the required volumes of concrete.
Then work at the construction site will be suspended for a few weeks to give the concrete time
to set.
Figure 10: Preparation of the foundations
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3.3.2.3 Storage of the wind turbines components

The components of the wind turbines (towers, nacelles, blades, etc.) will be trucked to the
site. For organizational reasons, each of the components comprising a wind turbine will be
unloaded near each of the foundations. Major precautions will be taken in order to avoid any
stresses being placed on the components during unloading.
The components will be stored for a short period in order to avoid any deterioration
Figure 11: Storage of the blades on-site before hoisting them
It is foreseen that the nacelle will be unloaded in the vicinity of the platforms, where there
will be a specially set-out area so that the truck carrying the nacelle can be maneuvered. The
blades will be laid out in an area set aside for that purpose which must be flat, cleared and
have its vegetation mown down to ground level as well as being free of any obstacles.
3.3.2.4 Installation of the wind turbines
Wind turbine installation is an assembly operation involving the following stages:
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Preparation of the tower: The surfaces and the platforms of each section of the tower
must undergo a visual inspection and the insides of all the sections must also be
inspected before lifting them vertically. The tower, which will have been exposed to
dust and mud while it was transported, will be cleaned. Tensioning tests will be carried
out on the bolts.
Figure 12: Preparation of a blade
.
Assembling the tower: This operation mobilizes two cranes in order to lift a tower
section into vertical position. The bottom section of the tower is lifted into vertical
position and the magnetic handles are used to bring the tower into position. Once the
bottom section is placed in an appropriate position, the fastening bolts will be tightened.
Figure 13: Mounting of the first component of the tower
The next tower sections are then assembled. In principle, mounting of the top section
and of the nacelle is planned for the same day. However, if the nacelle cannot be
mounted on the same day due to weather or other reasons, the risk of the tower swaying
is taken into account and is forestalled by securing the tower using a system of ropes.
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Figure 14: Mounting the towers components
Hoisting the nacelle onto the tower: As a first stage, the hoisting stirrups must be firmly
fastened to the nacelle, along with the guide ropes enabling the operation to be
controlled.
Figure 15: Preparation of the nacelle
The nacelle is then hoisted and fastened onto the tower.
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Figure 16: Mounting the nacelle on the tower
Hoisting the hub: Two methods are used depending on the cranes payload:
- The hub may be mounted directly onto the nacelle at ground level. The
nacelle and hub assembly is then hoisted and fastened onto the tower;
- The nacelle is fastened onto the tower, the hub is hoisted and fastened
onto the nacelle during a second stage.
Mounting the blades: The blades are mounted using a crane and a lift grab.
Figure 17: Lifting a blade
The blade is hoisted to the same level as the hub. Ropes are used to guide the blade to
its final position. Two technicians are also required to guide the pins into position, one
inside the hub and the other outside the hub.
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Figure 18: Assembling a blade onto the hub
After having fastened the blades pins onto the hub, the hoisting equipment is removed
Figure 19: Holding a blade in position while it is being fastened to the hub
3.3.2.5 Installation of the electrical connection

The wind turbines output energy will
initially be routed to the sub-stations installed
on-site (which act as an interface between the
electrical network and the energy produced
by the wind turbines). Then, electrical cables
will be laid (underground) up to the main
substation allocated for the connection.
Figure 20: Sub-soil trench digging. The machine used

for digging the trench to a depth of approximately 1 m
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The connection path between the wind turbine and the delivery stations and the delivery
stations and the substation will the project access roads.
Remark: Each electrical cable used will feature optical fibre. This is why there will be no
telephone cabling. Remote management of the wind farm will be ensured via optical fibres.
3.3.3
Site clean-up after construction
This will mainly involve cleaning up the worksite, and completing the final layout of the
access roads and paths.
NB: After they are constructed, in no way shall the establishment of the wind turbines in an
agricultural zone prevent the continuation of the agricultural reproduction and production
activities of the communities living in this area outside the construction area. (See the
photomontages below.)
Figure 21: Example of a photomontage of the projected layout of the wind turbines
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The photomontages above give an impression of the final layout of the wind turbines at the
site.
Several factors point to there not being any major limitations during operation:
The proximity of an electricity transmission network
The proximity of roads
Several parameters will have to be checked via sensors in order to optimize the production of
electrical energy and make it reliable. All of the various parts of the installation are protected
against rust using special coatings.
The structure of the wind turbine and the equipment within it are protected against lightning
and overvoltages in accordance with the standards in force.
The maximum electrical power generated by the wind farm as a whole (tranches 1, 2 and 3) is
151.8 MW (46 x 3.3 MW).
Based on the data gathered, we can envisage running at an intermediate power level
depending on the power of the wind amounting to 7,000 hours per year (in other words, 80%
of the year), which makes for a daily production level equivalent to 6 to 7 hours of rated
production (full power) over the whole year.
3.3.4
Decommissioning
3.3.4.1 The decommissioning stages

The various stages involved in decommissioning are as follows:
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Table 14: The various stages involved in decommissioning a wind farm
1
2
3
4
5
6
Installation of
the worksite
Posting the worksite sign, safety arrangements, marking out the worksite
around the wind turbines, and the mobilisation, hiring and demobilisation
of the work zone.
Disconnecting
Powering down the wind turbines at the wind farm; making the wind
the wind farm
turbines safe by locking their blades; re-establishing the initial
distribution network should the operator not wish to retain this network.
Disassembling
The opposite procedure to assembly.
the wind turbines Possible resale on the second-hand market or to a scrap dealer.
Dismantling the
foundations
Removal of the
substation
Site clean-up
Removal of the foundations to a sufficient depth to enable agricultural

machinery to pass over the ground and crops to be grown there.
Possible resale on the second-hand market.
Removal of the platforms the cranes were mounted on, and of the buried
lightning rod system near each wind turbine, and redevelopment of the
tracks.
The company Vestas will set up a well-defined project-specific decommissioning process for
these wind turbines. Manuals providing recommendations stipulate the existing
decommissioning procedure for all models of Vestas wind turbines.
These documents describe the main activities involved in the decommissioning process,
ranging from dismantling the turbine through to the preparations for subsequent transport. The
decommissioning procedure is set out with the objective of recommissioning the turbine at
another site. The instructions therefore aim to keep the components in a reusable state.
Consequently, no instructions are provided regarding the disposal of turbine components.
Should a turbine have to be destroyed, methods for removing components may be used in
order to reduce the workload and the time taken for the decommissioning process, but these
methods are neither suggested nor recommended in the aforementioned documents.
Subject to good weather conditions, the estimated time required to decommission a wind
turbine is two days.
3.3.5
Noise impacts
3.3.5.1 During the construction phase

During the construction phase, the project manager must take every precaution in order to
limit noise, and fulfil the conditions for the use or operation of equipment as well as any
municipal orders concerning construction noise. It will be its responsibility to warn the
neighboring area of any noise pollution and to organize transport and unloading so that the
duration of the noise pollution is reduced.
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Initial measures were taken in order to fix the various forms of noise pollution created by
construction. Two interministerial decrees dated 11 April 1972 (Official Gazette of 2 May
1972) implemented by the Decree of 18 April 1969 relating to the soundproofing of
construction machinery, limit the noise level permitted for some of this equipment.
Of the various sources of construction-related noise pollution, the following items will be
noted:
Civil engineering operations;
Traffic created by hoisting machines and vehicles (cranes, lorries for transporting the
turbines components and the various equipment items, cars);
Temporary power supply sources (generator sets);
Installing and transporting living quarters;
Movements of people;
Assembling the wind turbine along with mechanical noises and the use of specific tools
(for example: hydraulic fastening tools).
3.3.5.2 During operation of the wind farm
As a matter of fact, all things being equal, a large wind generator is less noisy than a small
wind turbine in relation to its size. The main reason for this is the speed at which the blades
rotate, which is slower for large wind generators: one rotation takes over three seconds.
The noise emitted by a wind farm does not occur in bursts. It does in fact consist of
aerodynamic noise relating to the blades swishing through the air, and a mechanical noise due
to the machinery moving inside the nacelle.
A wind turbines noise is the sum of several noises:
Mechanical noise, which is mainly perceptible when
the wind turbine begins operating. It is due to the
various mechanisms inside the nacelle (the power
supply system, rotating components, actuators, etc.);
Aerodynamic noise, which may itself be broken
down into two types of noise;
Noise due to the rotation of the blades in the air;
Noise due to the blade passing in front of the tower.
All of these three sources define a theoretical
acoustic power that is characteristic of a given wind
turbine.
Figure 22: Illustration of the source of noises
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This power depends on the wind speed.

The acoustic power of a wind turbine matches the equivalent noise produced by the machine
at the height of the nacelle. The latter factors in air friction on the blades, on the tower, and
any mechanical noises, etc. coming out of the nacelle.
Overall, perceptions of the noise from a wind turbine depend on how far away the individual
is (cf. the illustration below). It seems that:
The farther away you are, the lower the noise levels are;
The noise decrease is greater between a distance of 0 and 150 m away;
If the noise level at the foot of the wind turbine is approximately 60 dB(A), it will only
be approximately 42 dB(A) at 250 m and 36 dB(A) at 500 m.
Figure 23: Decrease in perceptions of the noise of a wind turbine depending on how far away you are
Noise level in dB(A)
At the foot of the wind turbine, the level is 60 dB(A)

At 250 m, the level is 42 dB(A)
At 500 m, the level is 36 dB(A)

Distance in m
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POLITICAL, LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The project is conducted under a political, legal and institutional framework that should be
presented.
4.1
POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
4.1.1
Analysis of the energy sector
4.1.1.1 Energy policy

Under the framework of the implementation of the energy sector recovery plan, a new sectorbased development policy (2007-2012) was drawn up with a view to specifying the objectives
and outlining strategic orientations in a set of measures.
The Government of Senegals new energy policy, which was developed in the policy letter,
highlights the following three major objectives:
(i)
To ensure the countrys energy supply in sufficient quantities, subject to optimal

quality and sustainability conditions, and at the lowest possible cost;
(ii)
To expand populations access to modern energy services;
(iii)
To reduce the countrys vulnerability to foreign fluctuations, particularly due to

the global oil market.
Among the various orientations structuring this new energy policy are the following:
-
Diversification of the electricity production sources by developing the coal sector,

biofuel, wind power, biomass, and other sources;
Adaptation of the energy infrastructure to meet demand by relying on both the public
and private sectors;
Speeding up access to electricity, particularly through the promotion of rural

electrification and the development of energy services for satisfying the needs of
production and social activities;
Keeping a cap on energy demand and improving energy efficiency;
Consolidating governance of the energy sector;
Restructuring the electricity sub-sector with a view to greater efficiency and well
thought-out involvement of the private sector.
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The vision underpinning the objectives pursued falls under the framework of DSRP (Poverty
Reduction Strategy Document) II, namely equipping the country with infrastructures that can
guarantee urban and rural households access to basic social services, including energy
services, by 2012.
4.1.1.2 Institutional arrangements
The Ministry of Energy is responsible for setting out sector-based policy and defining the
applicable standards. It alone is empowered to grant licences and concessions which
predetermine the right of operators to produce, distribute or sell electricity across Senegals
national territory.
Based on proposals by the CRSE (Electricity Sector Regulatory Commission), the Minister
also decides on the pricing conditions applicable to each concession.
The CRSE, which operates as a quasi-judicial administrative tribunal, is responsible for
regulating activities relating to the production, transport, distribution and sale of electrical
energy in Senegal. It is the body that examines any applications for licences or concessions,
and which provides its reasoned opinion to the Energy Minister for decision-making and
allocation purposes.
The quite recent creation of the Ministry of Biofuels, Renewable Energy Sources and
Scientific Research should also be noted: its purpose is to open up new avenues for research
and implementing scientific and technological results for social well-being within a tightlycontrolled environment thanks to having a controlled energy sector.
Generally speaking, these two ministries constitute the cornerstone of the institutional
framework for the energy sector.
4.1.2
Aspects related to the environmental sector
4.1.2.1 National environmental management policy

In Senegal, environmental management policy is marked by various orientation documents
and framework documents for strategic planning, inspired by a mission which forms part of a
sustainable development outlook.
Of these orientation documents, the following may be cited:
The sector-based policy letter
The overall objective of the environmental sector policy letter adopted in 2004 is to ensure the
sustainability of economic and social development with a view to strong growth compatible
with preserving natural resources and the environment.
Among other things, the specific objectives pursued by this consist of:
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(i)
Mitigating the degradation of resources by setting up institutional and regulatory

arrangements that are effective, based on international conventions;
(ii)
Improving the knowledge base relating to natural resources and the environment
with a view to better measuring their loading capacities;
(iii)
Improving the planning and coordination capacities of initiatives for preserving the
environment within a context involving giving the various actors a greater feeling
of responsibility;
(iv)
Promoting activities that generate revenue and collective infrastructures that

combat both poverty and environmental degradation;
(v)
Increasing the network for populations serviced by independent collective sewage

works.
The environmental policy letter assigns a central role to taking the environment into account
as part of the development approaches for other sectors. As a general rule, primarily
infrastructure is scrutinised with regard to harmful impacts on the environment and natural
resources, as well as during the construction works for getting this infrastructure up and
running.
PNAE (the National Action Plan for the Environment)
In terms of environmental planning, the PNAE constitutes the benchmark strategic

framework. This planning exercise was undertaken following recommendations made by the
World Bank with a view to encouraging countries to improve environmental management in a
consistent, co-ordinated way.
Consequently, in February 1995, Senegal initiated a decentralized participatory process
which, in 1997, gave rise to the PNAE, which highlights procedures for articulating
environmental, institutional and macro-economic issues under the framework of a long-term
development strategy.
PAN/LCD (the National Action Program for Combating Desertification)
This constitutes an integral part of the PNAE and a major component of it as, in several areas
in Senegal, desertification and the degradation of natural resources constitute the most acute
environmental issues.
Due to its transverse nature, from the time when it was drawn up, the PAN/LCD has
integrated the major orientations contained in the other sector-based exercises such as the
livestock rearing action plan, the land action plan, and the forestry action plan.
Of the various causes of desertification, the Plan emphasises deforestation and the clearing of
sites allocated for the installation of certain works, as well as the growing pressure created by
human settlements.
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The Biodiversity Conservation Strategy
Senegal has a biodiversity conservation action plan and strategy. The strategy forcefully
emphasises the need to preserve biodiversity sites.
Among the action plans priority measures is the protection of coastal and marine ecosystems,
which are often considered to be sensitive zones.
The works involved in establishing infrastructures along the littoral zone may have negative
impacts on biodiversity in terms of degrading or disrupting fragile ecosystems.
SNMO (the National Implementation Strategy Regarding Climate Change)
This strategy is aimed at bedding in a harmonized framework for managing programs relating
to climate change. It is understood that the energy sector contributes to a great extent to the
emission of greenhouse gases, which play a major part in the process of heating up the planet.
In this regard, it is important to note that warming due to climate change places the
communities along the Niayes strip (comprising wetlands) in the forefront, with the site for
the wind farm planned for Taba Ndiaye forming an integral part of this zone.
4.1.2.2 Institutional framework
Due to its complex, strategic nature, in environmental terms, the wind farm development
project involves several institutional actors.
Of them, the following key actors may be listed: The Ministry of Environment, and the
decentralized local bodies located in the zone where the project is to be established.
The main mission of the Ministry of Environment is to promote rational management of
natural resources and to work towards improving the living conditions of local populations,
with a view to sustainable development and combating poverty. This mission was reasserted
via the sector-based policy letter and the decree setting the Ministrys assigned
responsibilities.
More specifically, what is involved is drawing up and implementing environmental policy,
the management of which involves many other actors.
In order to successfully complete its mission, the Ministry relies on a certain number of
structures, directorates and departments seconded as the case may be.
Within the context of this study, of the Ministry of Environments structures that are directly
involved, the following may be cited:
The DEEC (Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments) which is
responsible for the implementation of the governments environmental policy, and
particularly:
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Protection of the natural environment and people from various sorts of pollution;
Implementation of the specific resources for ensuring prevention and controlling

various forms of pollution;
Monitoring all of the actions of the various departments and bodies intervening in
the environmental sector;
Drawing up legislation and regulations concerning the environment;
Promoting energy efficiency in order to enable better protection of the

environment through rational management of its resources.
The DEEC also ensures the implementation of provisions relating to environmental impact
studies. To this end, it conducts end-to-end monitoring of the process for environmental
impact studies carried out by approved inspection bureaus, and prepares opinion papers and
decision-making recommendations regarding whether or not to accept a project for the
Environment Ministry, with the Technical Committees support.
The Technical Committee
Instituted by Ministerial Order No. 009469 of 28 November 2001, the Technical Committee
rules on environmental impact study reports submitted for validation. Its administrative
services are carried out by the DEEC. It should be specified that the impact study procedure
requires public validation of the impact through public hearings.
The Directorate of Water, Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation
This Directorate is responsible for the implementation of forestry resource management; soil
conservation and wildlife management. Consequently, it has to ensure the conservation of
forestry potential and ecological balances. With regard to this, it is involved in the execution
and operation of the wind farm.
Without this being an exhaustive list, the following actors are also involved in this
arrangement:
Local bodies
Through the powers transferred to them, the boroughs and rural communities are responsible
for management of the environment and natural resources, particularly throughout their
territories. They have to take care of all the arrangements required for ecologically rational
management of the environment. Local bodies offer the advantage of ensuring local
management and of constituting priority contacts for local populations.
In this capacity, they must be informed of the projects to be established within their territory,
and certain aspects will have to be negotiated with them before the works are actually started
in order to avoid conflicts.
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Under the framework of exercising their prerogatives, local bodies may receive the support,
where need be, of decentralized State services placed under the purview of the Regional
Governor through standard agreements set out in the Local Bodies Code.
Within this project, the local bodies involved are: the Department Council of Tivaoune, and
the Borough of Taba Ndiaye.
Basic community organizations and non-governmental organizations
These structures, which are increasingly devoted to the environmental protection sector and
improving the living standards of the local populations, also play a major role in terms of
promoting citizen control.
4.2
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
In legal terms, it should be pointed out that in its preamble, the Senegalese Constitution of 22
January 2001 refers to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights adopted in Nairobi
in 1981, Article 24 of which enshrines the right of people to a healthy environment.
Within the corpus of basic law, the right of any individual to a healthy environment is
guaranteed by Article 8. This constitutionalization of the right to a healthy environment forms
the basis of policy for improving living standards.
There are other texts which govern and provide the framework for energy production and
infrastructure execution projects, in light of their potential impacts on the environment, safety
and the health of local populations.
In this regard, the following will be analyzed: appropriate international conventions,
legislation and regulations applicable to the environmental sector (the Law implementing the
Environment Code and the various orders supplementing it), as well as the various relevant
sector-based Codes.
4.2.1
The relevant international environmental conventions signed by Senegal
The international conventions signed and ratified by Senegal primarily relate to the Rio
generation, which are undeniably linked to the execution of infrastructures and energy issues.
As it turns out, what is involved is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change and the Kyoto Protocol relating to greenhouse gas emissions, the Convention on
Biodiversity, and the Convention to Combat Desertification.
Other relevant conventions may be added to this list.
A list of the relevant conventions is provided in the table below:
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Table 15: International environmental Conventions signed by Senegal

Name of the Convention
The United Nations
Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
adopted in Rio on 5 June 1992
and signed by Senegal, ratified
on 14 June 1994, and the Kyoto
Protocol
The field regulated and the objective

Management and adaptation to climate
change.
Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in
order to avoid any dangerous disruption to
the climate system and so that ecosystems
can adapt to climate change.
Implementation under the

framework of the project
The existence of industrial
activities that constitute
greenhouse gas pollution
sources (CO2, SO2 and NOx
emissions in particular).
The Convention on
Biodiversity signed by Senegal
in June 1992 and ratified on 14
June 1994
Conservation of biodiversity and sustainable

use of its elements, as well as fair and
equitable sharing of the advantages linked to
exploiting genetic resources
Land clearance is possible for

developing the site where the
project is to be implemented.
The United Nations

Convention to Combat
Desertification signed in Paris
on 14 June 1994 and ratified by
Senegal in March 1995
Combating desertification and mitigating the

effects of drought.
Land clearance is possible

during development
operations.
ILO Hygiene (Commerce and

offices) Convention No. 120
ratified by Senegal in 1966
Work hygiene and hygiene within

infrastructure.
Work hygiene and safety are

transverse components in all
of the projects activities.
The African Convention on

the Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources
adopted in Algiers on 15 March
1968 and ratified by Senegal in
1971
Management of natural resources. Protection

of wildlife and flora as well as natural
resources such as soil and water.
Land clearance is possible

during development
operations. Destruction and/or
contamination of soil;
exploitation and/or
contamination of water
resources.
The Convention Concerning

the Protection of the World
Cultural and Natural
Heritage, adopted in Paris on
16 November 1972, and the
Convention for the
Safeguarding of Intangible
Cultural Heritage adopted in
Paris on 17 October 2003
Preservation of the cultural heritage.
The projects activities must

not cause the destruction of
buildings, monuments or other
cultural heritage items within
the zone.
The Convention for the

Protection of the Ozone Layer
adopted in Vienna on 22 March
1985 and the Montral
Protocol on substances that
Preservation of ozone in the stratosphere.

Regulation of activities that may give rise to
damaging the ozone layer.
The activities foreseen under

the framework of the project
must take this international
commitment into account.
This convention governs hygiene in certain

infrastructure.
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Name of the Convention
The field regulated and the objective
Implementation under the

framework of the project
deplete the ozone layer, adopted

in Montral on 16 September
1987
4.2.2
The LCE (Law concerning the Environmental Code)
The provisions of Law No. 2001-01 of 15 January 2001 applying the Environmental Code and
its Implementation Decree No. 2001- 282 of 12 April 2001 constitute the basic legislative and
regulatory framework governing activities with environmental impacts.
The LCE deals with general provisions, preventing and combating various forms of pollution,
the protection and development of host environments, and also sanctions and miscellaneous
provisions.
In terms of environmental assessment, the provisions of Title II, Chapter IV of the LCE
institute environmental assessment for any project or activity likely to adversely affect the
environment, as well as policies, plans, programs, and regional and sector-based studies.
The objective of the EIS is to take environmental concerns into account from the design phase
for projects onwards.
Moreover, the Decree specifies the scope of the environmental impact study. Thus, depending
on the potential impact, the nature, the extent and the location of the project, projects are
placed into one of the following categories:
-
Category 1: The projects are likely to have significant impacts on the environment; an
environmental impacts assessment study will enable environmental considerations to
be integrated into the projects economic and financial analysis; this category requires
an in-depth environmental assessment;
Category 2: The projects have limited impacts on the environment or the impacts may
be mitigated by implementing measures or changes to their designs; this category is
subjected to an initial analysis.
The Environmental Code also features provisions specific to listed installations.

Indeed, Chapter I of Title II (Prevention and combating various forms of pollution) of the
Environmental Code deals with Installations that are listed for environmental protection
purposes. These installations fall into two categories (Article 9-11).
Class 1 installations are defined as posing a risk of serious dangers or inconveniences
relating to health, safety, public health, agriculture, nature and the environment in general.
They are subject to a permits system.
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Class 2 installations are considered to pose no threat of major pollution and consequently are
subject to less strict controls. These installations are subject to a declarations system.
Above and beyond the provisions referred to above, the Environmental Code covers certain
safety aspects by drawing up an emergency plan in order to deal with critical situations that
create serious pollution. Such provisions constitute an effective way of implementing a
strategy for preventing and combating accidents. In fact, the hazards study constitutes a basic
document for designing certain types of projects.
Public participation is an element comprising the environmental impact study (Article L52).
Article L53 defines the publics role in the decision-making procedure regarding projects or
programs likely to have harmful effects on the environment.
The participation of populations offers a response to the determination to democratize the
decision-making process and it is guaranteed by the State in keeping with decentralization and
regionalization. (Article L52)
Also it should be noted that Prime Ministers Office Circular No. 009 PM/SGG of 30 July
2001 states the need for all development projects or activities likely to be harmful to the
environment and the health of local populations to form the subject of a preliminary
environmental impact study, in accordance with the procedures defined in the Implementation
Decree for the Law applying the Environmental Code.
The range of legal measures relating to environmental assessment is supplemented by various
Orders which should be noted:
-
Order No. 009468 of 28 November 2001 relating to regulating public participation in

environmental impact studies;
Order No. 009469 of 28 November 2001 relating to the organization and functioning
of the Technical Committee;
Order No. 009470 of 28 November 2001 relating to the conditions of granting

approval for carrying out activities relating to environmental impact studies;
Order No. 009471 of 28 November 2001 relating to the content of the terms of
reference for environmental impact studies;
Order No. 009472 of 28 November 2001 relating to the content of the environmental
impact study report.
Some of the sector-based legislative texts that apply to implementation of the project include:
4.2.3
The Hygiene Code
Law No. 83-71 of 5 July 1983 concerning the Hygiene Code, which is aimed at regulating
hygiene, or in other words all of the rules that have to be complied with by everyone in order
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to maintain their health. From this perspective, it is aimed at individual hygiene, but
particularly public and collective hygiene, and sanitation within the natural environment of
such a nature as to facilitate better quality of life in all locations. Among other things, the law
precisely defined hygiene regulations in such a way as to enable epidemics to be combated, as
well as to ensure good management of the hygiene of homes and industrial installations and
the hygiene of public thoroughfares and the packaging of waste.
4.2.4
General Code of Local Government
Law No. 2013-10 of 28 December 2013 concerning the General Code of Local Government
organizes the framework for implementation of this reform which henceforth retained only
two levels of local government in Senegal: the borough and the Department.
The general objective targeted by this reform, which was called Act III of decentralization,
is to organize Senegal into viable regions that are competitive and that foster sustainable
development. This reform is taking root in a regional development policy and orients firming
up the hopes and aspirations of regional actors, with a view to building up a regional plan. It
offers sufficient leeway for laying the groundwork for the regional implementation of public
policies.
As stipulated in Article 1 of the General Code of Local Government, local bodies are
administered freely by councils elected based on universal suffrage and which have a legal
personality and financial autonomy. To do this, they have a budget and their own resources.
These resources therefore constitute the central pillar of decentralization, because the first
yardstick of the financial autonomy of a local body is having its own resources.
4.2.5
The Water Code
Law No. 81-13 of 4 March 1981 concerns the adoption of this Code. Title II is devoted to
water quality protection and makes provision for measures for combating water pollution and
for water regeneration, by setting standards to be followed for the various uses. Furthermore,
this Title determines events likely to pollute water and the administrative resources for
combating pollution.
It was only in 1998 that the first implementation decrees for this code were adopted.
4.2.6
The Forestry Code
Law No. 98-03 of 8 January 1998 concerning the Forestry Code sets out that all activities
likely to adversely affect forest formations are prohibited in listed forests unless they are
authorized by the Ministry of Water and Forests. The Code specifies that authorization is only
granted in light of a file which, among other things, includes an environmental impact study
carried out by an approved natural person or legal person.
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4.2.7
The Labor Code (Law 97-17 of 1st December 1997) and its implementation
decrees
This Code organizes professional relations between workers and employers. The Code
regulates the relations system and lays down the principle of respecting their mutual rights
and obligations. Among its health-related provisions, Law No. 97-17 of 1st December 1997
concerning the Labor Code sets working conditions, particularly as far as work hours are
concerned (which must not exceed 40 hours per week), night work, special regulations for
women and children, and the weekly rest period which is obligatory. The text also deals with
Hygiene and Safety in workplaces and indicates the measures that any activity must
implement in order to ensure the hygiene and safety guaranteeing a healthy environment and
safe work conditions. Thus, the project is mainly affected by this Code and its implementation
decrees. New Orders have been added to the existing arrangements:
4.2.8
Decree No. 2006-1249 of 15 November 2006 setting the minimum health and safety
requirements for temporary or mobile worksites;
Decree No. 2006-1250 of 15 November 2006 relating to vehicle and machinery traffic
within enterprises;
Decree No. 2006-1251 of 15 November 2006 relating to work equipment;
Decree No. 2006-1252 of 15 November 2006 setting the minimum prevention
requirements for certain physical environmental factors;
Decree No. 2006-1253 of 15 November 2006 instituting workplace medical inspection
and setting its assigned responsibilities;
Decree No. 2006-1254 of 15 November 2006 relating to the manual handling of loads;
Decree No. 2006-1256 of 15 November 2006 setting the obligations of employers in
terms of workplace safety;
Decree No. 2006-1257 of 15 November 2006 setting the minimum requirements for
protection against chemical risks;
Decree No. 2006-1258 of 15 November 2006 setting the missions and organizational
and operational rules for Workplace Medical Services;
Decree No. 2006-1260 of 15 November 2006 relating to the aeration and sanitation
conditions of worksites
Decree No. 2006-1261 of 15 November 2006 setting general hygiene and safety
measures within all kinds of establishments
Land law
The Government of Senegal has promulgated several legal texts relating to land ownership, as
well as expropriation, compensation and reinstallation procedures. Of these texts, the
following may be cited:
-
Law No. 64-46 of 17 June 1964 relating to the national domain:
The national domain includes all land except lands which fall into the public domain and
those which are private property.
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The national domain is split into 4 types of zones constituting nearly 95% of the territory. It
involves urban zones, rural zones, listed zones, and pioneer zones.
The Law on the National Domain makes the State the guardian of lands and the Authority
empowered to organize their rational use. Regarding this topic, it should be noted that domain
affairs form part of the powers transferred to local bodies.
-
Law 76-67 of 2 July 1976 relating to expropriation for public purposes and its
implementation decree:
This Law institutes a forced expropriation procedure for public purposes via which the State
may, with a view to public utility, and subject to the proviso of providing fair compensation in
advance, may force any person to grant it the ownership of a building or of a real property
right.
4.3
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS: THE

IFCS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
In April 2006, the IFC (International Finance Corporation) published a series of eight PSs
(Performance Standards) which have become an international benchmark for the social and
environmental assessment process in which the IFC and other international lenders are
involved. These standards were revised and the new version came into force in January 2012.
Table 16 summarizes these performance standards.
Table 16: The IFCs performance standards
No. Name
1
2
3
4
5
Scope
Assessment and Management of

Environmental and Social Risks
and Impacts
Defines the provisions for succeeding in

instituting a suitable environmental and social
management policy, including requirements in
terms of Environmental and Social Impact
Studies.
Labor and Working Conditions
Defines the provisions for drawing up and
implementing fair recruiting and staff
management policies.
Resource Efficiency and Pollution Defines an approach for rational use of resources
Prevention
and for preventing and combating pollution at
project level in compliance with the technologies
and practices disseminated internationally.
Community Health, Safety, and
Defines the provisions for ensuring that the
Security
Projects negative impacts on the host community
are managed and controlled.
Land Acquisition and Involuntary Defines the provisions for managing land
Resettlement
ownership and resettling communities under the
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Interim Report
6
7
Biodiversity Conservation and

Sustainable Management of
Living Natural Resources
Indigenous Peoples
Cultural Heritage
framework of developing projects.

Defines provisions making it possible to ensure
that the Projects impacts on nature, ecosystems,
habitats and biodiversity are duly managed.
Defines the provisions for ensuring that the rights
of indigenous minorities are respected and that
indigenous populations will be able to derive
benefit from the Project.
Defines the provisions for managing the Projects
impacts on tangible and intangible heritage assets.
The IFCs Performance Standard 1 establishes the importance of managing social and
environmental performance throughout a projects life cycle. It encourages the establishment
of a permanent, effective social and environmental management system and real participation
by the communities through a good communication policy and consultation of local
populations. It also encourages integrated assessment of the impacts, risks and opportunities
associated with the project right from its initial development phases, and consequently
provides a hierarchy and consistency in order to mitigate and manage risks on an ongoing
basis.
Based on the information gathered during the development of the terms of reference as well as
the site inspections, it appears that the following IFC1 Performance Standards are applicable
to the wind farm project:
Performance Standard 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social

Risks and Impacts;
Performance Standard 2: Labor and Working Conditions;
Performance Standard 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention;
Performance Standard 4: Community Health, Safety, and Security;
Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement;
Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of
Living Natural Resources.
IFC Performance Standard 7 concerning indigenous populations will not apply as no

indigenous population (as defined in PS 7) has been identified within the projects zone.
The WBG/IFCs Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines
http: l/www.ifc.or /ifcext/polimeview.nsf/AttachmentsBvTitle/Updated2011/$FILE/UpdatedIFC

SustainabilityFrameworkCompounded Augustl-201l.pdf; and
http:/ I wwwl.ifc.org/wps/ wcm I connect/b9dacb004a73e7a8a273fff998895a12/ IFC SustainabilityFramework.p
df?MOD=AJPERES
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The World Bank Group (WBG) has also published a series of Guidelines for environmental,
health and safety management (EHS Guidelines). These guidelines are technical reference
documents which present examples of good international practices of a general nature (i.e.,
the EHS General Guidelines) or concerning a particular business sector (i.e., the EHS Sector
Guidelines). .
Under the framework of the Projects development, the EHS Guidelines to be taken into
account are:
The General EHS Guidelines (2007) which presents the environment, health and
safety guidelines applicable in all sectors;
The EHS Guideline for thermal power stations (2007), which presents the good
practices to be applied in relation to the various types of power stations depending on
the issues highlighted.
These directives may be consulted on the IFC2 website.

4.4
4.4.1
THE STANDARDS FRAMEWORK

Senegalese standards
There are additional environmental standards relating to the protection of air quality,
protection against noise, and against the discharge of wastewater.
Prevention against pollution risks in receiving environments such as water and air justifies
adopting a standards arrangement that regulates the discharge of wastewater and atmospheric
emissions.
The Senegalese Standard NS 05-061 features general provisions applying to wastewater
discharges within the countrys national territory and provisions concerning the discharge of
effluents into a receiving environment. This standard also covers surveillance and inspection
of wastewater discharges. To this end, discharge limit values and criteria have been defined,
as shown in Tables 5 and 6.
Along the same lines, Senegalese Standard NS 05-062 concerning air quality sets the limits
for establishments discharge of pollutants into the air (emissions) as well as the permissible
pollutants concentration in ambient air (immissions). These limit values are presented in
Tables 3 and 4.
With regard to protection against noise, strictly speaking there are no specific standards
governing noise emissions, although the Environment Code stipulates that "The maximum
noise thresholds that should not be exceeded without exposing the human body to harmful
2
http:// wwwl.ifc.org/wps/wcm/ connect/ topics ext content/ ifc external corporate site/ ifc+sustainability/ sustainabilit
y+framework/ environmental %2C +health %2C +and +safety+guidelines I ehs~Widelines french
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Interim Report
consequences are fifty-five (55) to sixty (60) decibels per day and forty (40) decibels at
night".
Generally speaking, the spirit of these standards does comply with the prevention and
precautionary principles which inspired the Law relating to the Environment Code.
Table 17: Standard NS 05-062: Limit values for atmospheric pollutant discharges
Substances
Flow rate
Discharge limit values
D <= 1 kg/h
D > 1 kg/h
Total dust
100 mg/m3
50 mg/m3
Carbon monoxide
The authorization order sets (where applicable) a discharge limit value for carbon monoxide
0.1 mg/m3 for asbestos
Asbestos
D > 100 kg/year
0.5 mg/m3 for total dust
Sulphur oxides (in the form of sulphur dioxide)
D > 25 kg/h
500 mg/m3
Nitrogen oxides excluding nitrous oxide, in the form of

nitrogen dioxide
D > 25 kg/h
500 mg/m3
4.4.1.1.1.1.1.1
Hydrogen chloride and other chlorine gas inorganic
compounds (in the form of HCl)
Ammonia and ammonium compounds in the form of

ammonia
Fluorine, fluorides and fluorinated compounds (gases,
droplets and particles)
Total discharge in terms of organic compounds,

excluding methane and Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Discharges of Cadmium, Mercury, and Thallium, and
of their compounds (in the form of Cd + Hg + Ti)
Discharges of Arsenic, Selenium and Tellurium, and of
their compounds (in the form of As + Se + Te)
Discharges of antimony, chrome, cobalt, copper, tin,
manganese, nickel, lead, vanadium, zinc, and of their
compounds (in the form of Sb + Cr + Co + Cu + Sn +
Mn + Ni + Pb + V + Zn)
Phosphine, phosgene
Ammonia (for fertiliser units)
D
>
1
k 50 mg/m3
g
/
h
D > 100 g/h
20 mg/m3
D > 500 g/h
10 mg/m3 for gases

10 mg/m3 for droplets/particles 15
mg/m3 for manufacturing
phosphoric acid, phosphorus and
fertiliser
D > 2 kg/h
150 mg/m3
D > 2 kg/h
20 mg/m3
D > 1g/h
0.2 mg/m3
D > 5 g/h
1 mg/m3
D > 25 g/h
5 mg/m3
D > 10 g/h
D > 100 g/h
1 mg/m3
50 mg/m3
Table 18: Standard NS 05-062: Limit values for concentrations of pollutants in ambient air
Substance
Immission limit
Statistical definition
value
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50 g/m3
125 g/m3
Annual (arithmetic) average

Daily average
Carbon monoxide (CO)
200 g/m3
40 g/m3
30 mg/m3
Ozone (O3)
120 g/m3
Hourly (arithmetic) average

Annual average
Average over 24 hrs; under no circumstances
may it be exceeded more than once a year
Average over 8 hrs (public health)
Suspended dust (PM 10)

(aerodynamic diameter less than 10
g)
Lead (Pb) in suspended dust
Cadmium (Cd) in suspended dust
80 g/m3
260 g/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Average over 24 hrs; under no circumstances may
it be exceeded more than once a year
2 g/m3
1.5 nb/m3
Total dustfall
200 mg/m2 x day
Lead (Pb) in dustfall

Cadmium (Cd) in dustfall
Zinc (Zn) in dustfall
Thallium in dustfall
100 g/m2 x day

2 g/m2 x day
400 g/m2 x day
2 g/m2 x day

Table 19: Standard NS 05-061: Limit values for the discharge of wastewater into the natural environment
Parameter
Limit value
Total suspended materials
Phenols index
50 mg/l
80 mg/l if the permitted maximum daily flow does not exceed 30
kg/day, or go beyond 40 mg/l
200 mg/l if the permitted maximum daily flow does not exceed 100
kg/day; or go beyond 100 mg/l
30 mg/l in terms of the monthly average concentration when the
maximum daily flow is equal to or greater than 50 kg/day
10 mg/l in terms of the monthly average concentration when the
permitted maximum daily flow is equal to or greater than 15
kg/day.
0.5 mg/l if the discharge exceeds 5 g/day
Phenols
Hexavalent chrome
BOD5
COD
Total nitrogen
Total phosphorus
Cyanides
Arsenic and its compounds (in the form of
As)
Total chrome (in the form of Cr3)
Total hydrocarbons
15 mg/l if the discharge exceeds 150 g/day
4.4.2
International standards specific to the business sector
In terms of European standards, standard EN 50 308 "Wind turbines. Protective measures.

Requirements for design, operation and maintenance" was drawn up under a mandate from
the European Commission, in order to provide a "harmonized" standard under the Machinery
Directive.
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Interim Report
From 1988, standards work concerning wind turbine was undertaken within the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the world organization for standardization in the
electricity sector. With regard to safety, of the standards drawn up pursuant to this work, IEC
standard 61400-1, entitled "Wind turbines Part 1: design requirements", was adopted in
1994.
IEC standard 61400-1 sets the requirements relating to the safety of the wind turbines
structure, its mechanical and electrical parts, and its control system. These requirements relate
to the design, manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the machine. The standard also
features provisions concerning quality assurance.
A few details of these standards are presented in the appendices.
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Interim Report
DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS
This chapter describes the projects host environment from the perspective of its physical,
biological and socio-economic components. Its objective is to characterize the initial state
(baseline state) of the sites environment that is to host the project with a view to highlighting
the sensitive factors that may be adversely affected by the project.
5.1
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION OF THE

PROJECTS SITES
From an administrative perspective, the project for establishing the Taba Ndiaye wind farm
falls within the This Region, the Tivaouane Department, an Arrondissement of Mouane and
the new borough of Taba Ndiaye (the former Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye).
5.2
THE PROJECTS ZONE OF INFLUENCE
Three (3) study zones were delineated for the purposes of this ESIS (Environmental and
Social Impact Study).
F The restricted study zone
What is involved is a zone within which the project is technically feasible for forty-six (46)
wind turbines, each of which occupies 1,400 m2, making a total siting of 7 hectares and
involving access tracks which have to host high-voltage electrical cables covering a linear
distance of approximately 34 km.
F The detailed study zone or the zone of direct influence of the works
This takes into account the whole territory impacted or the works zone. It covers a radius as
well as an area of influence of over five (5) km. It is defined depending on the potential
impact sources linked to the projects construction phase.
F The expanded or remote study zone

This relates to the territorial zones of the local bodies (Rural Community of Diass) covered by
the socio-economic analysis. This zone takes account of the projects potential effects on the
socio-economic and biophysical environment.
5.3
ESTIMATE FOR THE SETTLEMENTS CLOSEST TO THE VARIOUS ROWS
The estimated distance between the wind farm in relation to the various surrounding locations
is of paramount importance because it will enable the zones that may be adversely affected by
the projects impacts to be ascertained (noise pollution, impact on the landscape, etc.).
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The closest villages (Baty Guye, Baty Ndiaye, Khelcom Diop, Ndombor Diop, Taba
Santhie, Taba Ndiaye, Maka Gaye Bye, Diambalo, etc.) are located less than 2 km away
from the project.
The locations of the wind turbines closest to the villages are:
Table 20: Summary of the settlements closest to the various lines
Lines or groups
concerned
Line 5
Line 4
Line 3
Line 2
Line 1
Wind turbine
concerned
E46
E41
E39
E40
E31
E27
E28
E18
E10
E11
E12
E13
E1
Distance from
buildings (km)
1.27
1.07
0.95
0.95
1.42
Village concerned
Baity Ndiaye
Maka Gaye Beye
Baity Gueye
1.27
Khelcom
2.6
1.75
1.07
1.06
1.18
1.4
Taba Ndiaye
Ndiombor Diop
Khlcom Diop
Diambola
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Interim Report
Map 3: Situation and location of the project zone of study
310000
,000000
1750000
340000
,000000
SITUATION
DE LA ZONE D'ETUDE
SENEGAL/THIES
,000000
,000000
280000
1750000
,000000
,000000
250000
1720000
1720000
Km
,000000
,000000
25
,000000
Meouane
1660000
TAIBA
NDIAYE
Noto G. Diama
Ngandiouf
Merina Dakhar
Koul
Pire Goureye
Cherif Lo
,000000
IA
D
1630000
IB
A
TH
IE
S/
TA
1630000
Keur Moussa
1600000
,000000
Source de Donnes :
ANAT, 2011
,000000
1600000
,000000
Fandene
Systme de projection :
WGS 84. Zone 28 N
250000
Mont Roland
Diender Guedj
,000000
Ndande
Darou Khoudoss
,000000
1690000
COMMUNE DE TAIBA
1690000
Kab Gaye
LIMITES COMMUNES
1660000
,000000
Diokoul Ndiawerigne
Conception :
Hpr Ankh Consultants, Juillet 2015
,000000
,000000
280000
310000
,000000
340000
,000000
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5.4
LAND AND SOIL USE AMONG THE VARIOUS ROWS AND IN THEIR
SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
Generally speaking, the site that will host the wind farm project is delineated by an
agricultural ecosystem. The site is dominated in several locations by plantations of fruit trees,
inside of which rainfall related agricultural activities (millet, peanuts, black-eyed peas, etc.)
and cash cropping (cassava) are carried out.
However, we did note certain specific features depending on the group considered:
Group 4 will be installed in an area that is mainly dominated by plantations or orchards within
which subsistence and cash cropping activities are carried out.
Photo 1: Cash cropping in a palm grove
Photo 2: Mango trees plantation
Groups 5 and 1 will be established within an area, the salient feature of which is that there are
no fruit tree plantations. This domain is dominated by rainfall agriculture crops. The presence
of a few pockets of land left fallow, with livestock grazing on them, should be noted.
Photo 3: A herd of grazing cows
Photo 4: An old clearing
As far as Group 3 is concerned, what we have is a series of juvenile plantations that are less
than five (5) years old. It is a domain that, many years ago, was devoted to rainfall agriculture
crops (millet, peanuts, black-eyed peas, etc.) and cash crops (cassava).
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Interim Report
Photo 5: A juvenile mango trees plantation
Lastly, Group 2 of E9 at the village of Baal Diop is dominated by juvenile plantations. After
Baal Diop, up to 1.8 km from E20, we find ourselves in an area dominated by rainfall
agriculture and cash cropping.
Photo 6: Juvenile plantation with cash crops
harvesting
Photo 7: Peanut fields at the end of
The main groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) described above: plantations of fruit trees, rainfall
agriculture and cash cropping are, more often than not, delineated by boundary hedges.
In addition to agricultural activities, the land and soil use of the five (5) groups are dominated
by:
Roads: These include main and secondary sandy tracks, a red earth track, and a sealed district
road.
Concessionaries: There are networks operated by Senelec, the SDE and Sonatel.
Settlements: There are villages and hamlets within the area of influence of the five (5) groups.
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Interim Report
Table 21: Summary of the various forms of land and soil use within the projects zone of influence
Form of land
and soil use
Restricted study
zone (within the
Projects boundary)
Agricultural
activities
Concessionaries
Settlements
Roads
Grazing activities
5.5
5.5.1
Detailed study zone

(500 m from the
boundarys limits)
X
X
X
X
Expanded study
zone (Borough of
Taba Ndiaye)
X
X
X
X
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

The climatic framework
5.5.1.1 The regional context and seasonal changes

The projects zone belongs to the Sahel-Sudan climate zone. Two basic seasons defined by
the criterion of rainfall may be distinguished: A rainy season from June to October and a dry
season which takes up the rest of the year.
The main climatological characteristics are provided by the tables below.
The data come from the National Meteorological Directorate. The station that is
representative of the local climatic conditions is established at This, about 25 kilometers
away.
5.5.1.2 Temperature
The average temperature measured over thirty-four (34) years is just over 26 C. July is the
hottest month (28.2 C), while December and January are the coolest months, with average
temperatures of 25.1 C and 23.9 C.
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Figure 24: Shifts in average monthly temperatures at This from 1977 to 2011
Average monthly temperatures in C at the This station (1977-2011)
Maximum temperatures
Average temperatures
Minimum temperatures
Diurnal temperature range
5.5.1.3 Rainfall
The average quantity of water collected from 1930 to 2011 is 587.6 mm at the This station.
Rains do not fall throughout the year. The maximum rainfall is observed in August and
September. The rainfall totals vary greatly from one year to the next.
The rainfall regime is characterized by medium to thick clouds and moderate to high rains and
stormy downpours (Srigne Faye, UCAD (Cheik Anta Diop University), 1995).
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Interim Report
Figure 25: Average monthly rainfall at the This station from 1930 to 2011
5.5.1.4 The wind regime

Wind data (concerning wind direction and wind speeds) are essential under the framework of
a project for establishing a wind farm; they predetermine the projects technical feasibility.
The wind regime in the zone enables two (2) wind turbine seasons to be distinguished:
One season, running from October to May, with predominantly Northerly and NorthEasterly winds;
A second season running from June to September, when Southerly to Westerly winds
greatly predominate in terms of frequency.
As the table below shows, although they vary throughout the year, wind speeds are high and
remain either higher than or equal to 2.7 m/s. The maximum speeds are recorded from March
(4.1 m/s) to May (4.06 m/s). It is only in August, September and October that the speeds are
relatively low, with the minimum being reached from September to October with 2.8 m/s. The
annual average is 3.5 m/s.
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Figure 26: Monthly changes in the wind speed at This from 1964 to 2011
Speed (m/s)
Wind
Series average
5.5.1.5 Study carried out by the Developer

Compared to carrying out measurements at the site using a weather tower, simulation offers
several advantages:
It enables a more extensive zone to be tested than can be covered by a measuring

tower and therefore enables the layout of the wind turbines to be optimized;
It enables you to avoid erecting several measuring towers, which may have an impact
on the landscape;
It enables winds to be simulated at greater heights than what is technically possible
using a tower;
It does not require a town and country planning permit (building permit).
Under the framework of this project, wind speed simulations have been carried out since
2008. Anemometers were placed on a tower at various altitudes (30 meters, 48.5 meters and
50 meters). In August 2010, a second measuring tower that was 100 m high was installed
approximately 5 km away in the northern part of the site, in the vicinity of the location of
wind turbine E18. The results of the measuring campaigns are confidential so only the results
for the period from 1 February 2008 to 1 June 2008 at an altitude of 50 meters are available to
us.
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Table 22: Average monthly simulated wind speed at the site in 2008 at an altitude of 50 meters
Month
February
April
March
May
June
Average
Average
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.1
3.0
5.64
speed
(m/s)
Source: Technical study for the project for establishing the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm
The Table above indicates that, at a height of 50 meters, the average wind speeds that may be
expected are, on average, 5.64 m/s, or 20.3 km/h.
The wind rose below was compiled based on data from these results and tests. It is
characterized by North-North-West (NNW) to Northerly winds (N). It shows that 40 % of the
time, the wind is blowing from the NNW, and for 35 % it is Northerly.
Frequency
[clockwise from O:] W WNW NNW N NNE ENE E ESE SSE S SSW WSW
Figure 27: Summary wind rose for Taba Ndiaye with frequencies in % at an altitude of 50 meters
5.5.2
Geomorphology and topography
The study zone forms a homogeneous geomorphological unit. The relief is flat and consists of
fixed sand dunes of maritime or continental origin. Both the nearby and expanded study zones
are located inland, to the east of the Northern littoral.
The geomorphology presents a dune-based model which becomes increasingly accentuated as
you get closer to the littoral dunes. The Southern part of the projects zone is located both in
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interior or Ogolian dunes and on a plateau. On the other hand, the Northern part is located in
the coastal dunes.
The relief of the Rural Community is relatively flat, apart from some uneven ground at certain
spots resulting either from the wind or from tailings from mining operations. This relates to a
monotonous plateau tilting slightly to the West. It is covered with old Ogolian ergs (fixed
dunes) from the Cayor period, concealed in places by a ferruginous duricrust (red earth).
The altitudes observed in the zone increase very slightly along the Mboro-Tivaouane axis
(from the North-West to the SouthEast) but they are still not much higher than sea level.
They are relatively low and, overall vary from 33 to 60 meters.
5.5.3
Pedology
The pedologic map highlights three (3) types of soils where the Rural Community of Taba
Ndiaye is located. There are:
o Dior soils, which are slightly bleached ferruginous soils that constitute about 70 % of
its surface area;
o Deck Dior soils, which are clay and sand soils that account for 15 % to the West of the
Rural Community;
o Deck soils, which account for 15 % of the Rural Communitys soils, are found in the
extreme North-West in zones where there are hollows. These are bleached tropical
ferruginous soils. They are hydromorphic, with a clay texture.
5.5.3.1 The nature and agricultural potential of the soils
According to the pedologic map, in the Southern part of the projects zone, the soils are
tropical ferruginous types that are unbleached or are only slightly bleached in the eastern and
central part, while there are red tropical or lithosol soils in the western part, and slightly
bleached soils in the Northern. On the other hand, in the Northern part of the projects zone,
all the soils are slightly bleached ferruginous soils.
The November 2008 soil analysis results are entered in the Table below. According to these
results, the soil where these sites are located is sandy (pure sand) with a sand content
percentage of 90.9 %. These results are corroborated by the textures triangle.
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Table 23: Soil analysis results at the wind farm projects sites
Physical and chemical characteristics

(particle size as a %)
C
3.5
FL
1.1
CL
4.6
FS
38.2
CS
52.7
Chemical fertility
(soil content in g/kg)
Available
phosphorus
P2O5
0.16
Exchangeable cations
K
0.03
Mg
0.09
Ca
0.54
Na
0.0
Source: Wind farm project document

Abbreviations: C = Clay, FL = Fine Loam, CL = Coarse Loam, FS = Fine Sand, CS = Coarse Sand
The Rural Communitys Deck Dior soils are very suitable for arboriculture. Crops of peanuts,
millet and cassava are grown there.
Deck soils, which are rich in organic materials, are suitable for fruit and vegetable cultivation
and arboriculture (particularly mango trees and cashew trees).
5.5.3.2 Soil stability
In the fall of 2014, Esteyco was commissioned to perform a complete geotechnical evaluation
of the site and the 46 locations of the wind turbines in order to determine the grounds loadbearing factor and to provide the necessary data to design the wind turbine foundations. The
study is the subject of a report dated December 12, 2015.
The location of each turbine was subject either to a borehole and/or a cone penetration test. A
total of 31 boreholes, 22 cone penetration tests, 10 pit tests and 2 resistivity tests were
performed together with laboratory testing. Esteyco concluded that the soil has the minimum
geotechnical characteristics for a spread style foundation without any requirement for pilings.
The particle size measurement carried out by the SADEF laboratory in France for the project
makes it possible to assess the soils structural stability and particularly the risks of soil
slaking, depending on what proportions of clay and loam there are in the soils. Structural
stability refers to the firmness of the soils structure and its ability to withstand agents that
may cause degradation to it. Soil slaking refers to the soils sensitivity to the formation of a
surface crust with a lamellated structure that is continuous, consistent and clogs the soils
surface. According to the Figure below, we can conclude that the risk of soil slaking where
the sites are is low because over 90 % of the soil consists of sand.
Figure 28: Triangle for determining soil slaking depending on the soil texture
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SOIL SLAKING
Clay %
Loam %
Sand %
Soil slaking classes

1: Very low level of soil slaking
2: Low level of soil slaking
3: Medium level of soil slaking
4: High level of soil slaking
5: Very high level of soil slaking
The susceptibility to erosion entails an estimate of the capacity of each soil type to withstand
erosion, more often than not based on its physical characteristics.
In relation to erosion due to water and wind turbines, their rate and extent depend on:
The intensity of rainfall and run-off;

The soil texture;
The soil structure;
Plant cover;
The gradient and slope of the ground;
etc.
The low level of soil slaking in the projects zone, along with relatively gentle slopes,
confirms that these soil types withstand erosion caused by water. Moreover, the relatively
substantial permanent plant cover in certain locations means that the erosion caused by wind
turbines will be low, particularly in the Southern part of the projects zone.
5.5.4
Geological context
In geological terms, there is no high groundwater. Only the water infrastructure along the road
linking Tivaouane, in the South-East, to Mboro in the North-West, and which pass less than
one kilometer away from the site, enable the zones geology to be specified.
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Quaternary sand dunes constitute the zones surface formation. Their thickness increases
slightly from the North-West to the South-East. It varies from 17 meters, according to the
Keur Bocar piezometer (located approximately 4 km South-East of the site), to 66 meters at
the Keur Mal well.
The Taba Ndiaye piezometer enabled a good knowledge to be obtained of the lithology of the
Quaternary sands. From the bottom to the top, it shows alternating yellow and orange sand,
beige sand, yellow sand with red clay, yellow clay sand, and fine white sand at surface level
(Water Resources Management and Planning Directorate, 1987).
This sand formation, comprising fixed dunes, rests on Lutetian limestone. The Taba Ndiaye
borehole, which is 380 meters deep, enables the following layers from top to bottom to be
noted beneath the Quaternary sands (Diwi Walter International, 1986):
Lutetian (57 meters thick): Alternating limestone with gritty marl, limestone with clay
and limestone with light marly limestone;
Ypresian (144 meters thick): Alternating grey marly limestone, and grey or whitish
crumbly limestone;
Palaeocene (99 meters thick): Alternating light gritty limestone, indurated limestone
and red brick gritty limestone; and lastly;
Maastrichtian, the aquifer used by this borehole; it was only drilled to a depth of 57
meters and shows a gritty or sandy facies with lignite and clay inclusions.
Figure 29: Geological section and catchment of the Taba Ndiaye borehole [see below for translation]
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0m
10m
23m
27m
0m
sable fin
sable indur +latrite
argile jaune plastique
calcaire marneux grseux
forage en 17''1/2
tubage en 16''
cimentations
12m
20m
calcaire argileux
forage en 15''
remblai tout venant
50m
NS=60m
calcaire marneux clair
tubage 10''3/4
90m
80m
marno-calcaire gris
115m
111m
cimentations
115m
10 calcaire friable gris ou

Blanchtre
remblai latritique
forage en 8''1/2
224m
tube Casing 5''

calcaire grseux clair
261m
Fine sand
Indurated sand/laterite
Plastic yellow clay
Limestone with gritty marl
17 borehole
16 tube
Cement
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Limestone with clay

Light gritty limestone
Grey marly limestone
Grey or whitish crumbly limestone
Light gritty limestone
15 borehole
Backfill featuring unsorted waste
10 borehole
Cement
Laterite backfill
8 borehole
5 casing tube
calcaire indur
300m
calcaire grseux
couleur brique
330m
srie grseuse ou sableuse
inclusions de lignite
ou d'argile
crpines 4''
342m
356m
tube casing 5''

Crpines 4''
376m
379m
380m
Indurated limestone
Brick-coloured gritty limestone
4 strainers
5 casing tube
4 strainers
5 washover shoe
Gritty or sandy series featuring lignite and

clay inclusions
5.5.5
sabot laveur 5''
Groundwater
5.5.5.1 Regional hydrogeology

The studies carried out in the This region have enabled three (3) major series of
hydrogeological formations to be identified. These are, from the bottom to the top:
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The lower series, consisting of the Maastrichtian sands aquifer;

The intermediate series, which features limestone or marl and marl and limestone
formations from the Palaeocene and the Eocene and, lastly;
The upper series, consisting of sand and sand and clay formations sometimes featuring
laterite from the Continental Terminal and Quaternary Periods.
The Maastrichtian aquifer, with permeability varying from 3.8*10-4 to 1.7*10-6 m/s, is heavily
exploited via water boreholes. The aquifer is held captive or semi-captive by the clay or marl
and sand clay formations at the top of the Maastrichtian layer. At Thinaba, the oil boreholes
sunk by Petrosen passed right through it from depths of 255 m to 700 m.
The Palaeocene aquifer, with permeability varying from 1.3*10-2 to 10-4 m/s, with marl and
clay from the Lower Eocene on top of it, is a captive aquifer. However, the marl and clays
level of karstification make it a large reservoir.
The Eocene aquifer, with permeability varying from 7.4*10-3 to 10-6 m/s, has a top consisting
of sands and clay sands from the Quaternary and the Continental Terminal Period which is
free or semi-captive.
5.5.5.2 The local hydrogeology and groundwater capture
The Maastrichtian aquifer is captured by two (2) Taba Ndiaye boreholes, the first of which is
called No. 1 (which is non-operational), which was drilled in 1976 and the second, called No.
2, which was drilled in 2001. These provide a water supply to the local populations. This
operational borehole, sunk to a depth of 420 meters, has a flow rate of 45m3/h. Its water tower
has a height of 17 meters and a volume of 150 m3 and is connected to the one for the first
borehole upon shut-off at a volume of 100 m3, supplying twenty-nine (29) villages out of the
thirty-nine (39) comprising the Rural Community de Taba Ndiaye, with a total of over 1,500
private users. In addition to these private users, this borehole also supplies water to local
populations via thirty or so public fountains and 45 public taps. To the contrary, the villages
of Keur Bocar, Djingu, Thiall and Selco are supplied from Guiers Lake.
The village wells reach down to the Continental Terminal layer, which has sandstone
containing water tables at depths of 8 to 50 meters (8 meters near Darou Dia and Ball Guye,
and 50-60 meters at Taba Ndiaye, Taba Mbaye, Djingu, Thiall, etc.).
In these four (4) villages near the projects zone, the local populations have indicated that
when their wells were sunk, they noticed that the Quaternary sands water table was at a depth
of 40 to 50 meters and was not very productive.
This justifies firstly continuing to sink wells down to the Lutetian limestone at depths of 56 to
70 meters and, secondly, explains why there is a lack of fruit and vegetable cultivation
activity in this zone.
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It should however be emphasized that, in the projects near to wider zones, the data available
from piezometers and boreholes, the information gathered from local populations, and the
various studies carried out by the Water Infrastructure Ministrys Water Resources
Management and Planning Division, as well as the thesis studies conducted by university
students on the Northern littoral, show that in this zone, there is no clear, separate boundary
between the two geological and hydrogeological series consisting of Quaternary sands and
Lutetian limestones.
Where such a separation does exist, it is infrequent and lenticular, and therefore
discontinuous. This enables the good hydraulic continuity between these two formations to be
explained (cf. J. Puttalaz, 1962, and Ch. H. Kane, 1995)3.
Rainwater seepage contributes to supplying the aquifer in the Quarternary sands, which in
turn plays a part in replenishing the Lutetian limestones aquifer.
The piezometric map thereby drawn up shows that the projects zone is located in a
piezometric dome: the Taba Ndiaye dome to the south.
The presence of a piezometric dome means that the aquifer systems direction of flow is
radial (like a centrifuge).
The Taba Ndiaye piezometric dome shows a pronounced slope to the North-West, towards
Mboro and the ocean. This entails a slower flow, as if the water was encountering an obstacle;
which assumes mediocre permeability.
Conversely, in the direction of the projects zone, the slope is gentler which allows easier
flow, and therefore greater permeability, or the capacity to let water seep through it.
5.5.5.3 The groundwater quality
For the study, three (3) wells were sampled and analyses were carried out in the
hydrochemistry laboratory at the Geology Department in the Faculty of Science and
Technology at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar.
The study related to the following works: (1) The works (traditional wells) capturing a fairly
high groundwater aquifer at Ndomor Diop and Baity Guye and (2) the works (a traditional
well) at Taba Ndiaye which also captures high groundwater.
The first two works at Ndombor Diop and Baty Guye are located in the waters flow
direction, while the one at Taba Ndiaye was used as a reference.
The analytical parameters are the ones adopted by a classic analysis and the results are
provided in the Table below. The values of the parameters measured were compared to the
3
Cf. the Bibliography

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maximum permissible values defined by the World Health Organization (WHO standards) for
drinking water.
Table 24: Results of classic chemical analyses of the groundwater in the vicinity of the sites
In-situ
parameters
p Con
H
d.
(S/
cm)
Baity
Guye
well
Taba
Ndiaye
boreho
le
Ndom
or well
WHO
standa
rds
Cations
Na
+
K
+
Anions
M
g2+
Ca
2+
To
tal
Fe
HC
O 3-
C
O 32
Cl-
NO
3
Other
SO
4
2-
F_
Dry
soli
ds
cont
ent
Total
hard
ness
(Fren
ch
degre
es)
5.
95
590
62.
57
3.
79
9.6
0
44.
30
0.0
9
36.6
0
107
.72
117
.19
18.
76
0.
23
424
15F
5.
64
189
22.
94
1.
52
2.3
1
12.
14
0.2
7
18.3
0
25.
81
18.
30
6.9
0
0.
06
140
15F
6.
23
6.
5
8.
5
490
40.
03
20
0
3.
84
12
9.5
9
30
44.
28
10
0
0.1
8
0.3
0
67.1
0
-
86.
07
250
50.
23
50
26.
84
40
0
0.
18
1.
50
352
4F
1,00
0
1,50
0
Source: Results of the analyses by the hydrochemistry laboratory at the Geology Department,
UCAD, December 2012
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The results of classic analyses of the groundwater in the projects sector show two different
aquifers due to their hydrochemical characteristics. The analysis results show that the water
from the Taba Ndiaye well is characterized by a low electrical conductivity value of 189
S.cm-1 and its chemical facies are dominated by bicarbonates and chlorides in the case of the
anions, and sodium and calcium in the case of the cations. For the Ndomor and Baity Guye
aquifers, the waters mineralisation varies greatly. Overall, this aquifer is not very
mineralised, with electrical conductivity values lower than 1,000 S.cm-1.
As far as the potability of the groundwater is concerned, a comparison of the chemical
analysis results for the water from these aquifers with the WHOs potability standards shows
that the groundwater captured by traditional wells in the projects sector is potable. What
should be pointed out is that the high groundwater contains a greater quantity of dry solids
content than what was observed at Taba Ndiaye. This implies higher hardness values for the
aquifer where the villages of Ndomor and Baity Guye are than what is found at Taba
Ndiaye.
This comparative study of the current state of the resource made it possible to show that there
is no source of contamination. Consequently, the projects site has copious quantities of
groundwater that fulfil WHO standards for the elements analyzed. The pH level revealed is
also slightly acidic. The WHO standard does not provide values for carbonated substances,
probably due to the harmlessness of these elements, although the European standard does
make provision for a guideline value of 25 mg/l.
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Map 4: Map of the hydrogeological units and of the depths of the captured water in the Taba Ndiaye zone and the surrounding villages
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Map 5: Piezometric map of the Northern Littoral aquifer system
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5.5.6
Surface water
Within the projects immediate and extended zones, within a radius of at least 10 km around
the site, there are no standing bodies of water.
There is no standing surface water within the Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye, or in the
Rural Community of Mouane, apart from the artificial water sources created due to mining
operations.
On the other hand, further south of the projects zone, from Cayar to Mont Rolland, and
further to the north, from Lona and Potou on the same latitude as Louga, as far as Le
Gandiolais, in the vicinity of Saint-Louis, this strip of the northern littoral or of the Niayes is
the leading fruit and vegetable cropping zone in Senegal. During the rainy season, surface
water replenishes the aquifer, which rises near the surface through Canes (traditional wells
that are 1 to 5 meters deep). During the dry season, these Canes become wells 10 to 20 or
even 30 meters deep, depending on the zones.
5.5.7
The landscape
In order to take better account of land use within the Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye,
within the projects zone and surrounding area, we based our observations on field data and
maps.
The sites where the future wind farm will be established belong to the Rural Community of
Taba Ndiaye. These sites are moreover near the Mboro zone, which is located in the Niayes
nature zone, the relief of which is characterized by a series of dunes and hollows.
The Southern zone where the wind farm is to be established can be accessed by driving along
Department Road 702 and by carrying on along a red earth track which crosses a series of
villages, after which you take a sand track. The projects Northern zone can also be accessed
via Department Road 702 as well as via Regional Road 70.
In the vicinity of the projects Southern zone, there is a series of villages including Keur
Mall Ndiaye, Miname, Mbayne, Keur Mambaye, and Keur Mbaye to the South-East, which
constitute a linear cluster of locales after the Department Road 702 crossroads, with Baty
Guye to the East and Taba Mbaye to the North-East.
The boundaries of these village units are not clear in the case of the first five (5) villages
referred to because they are all in line and the road network is quite sparse, frequently of
middling quality, and with verges in-between the villages that quite often are built-up. All
these factors do not contribute to structuring the landscape.
Compared to the morphology of the village habitats, for the most part the houses are well
structured. Almost all of them are made of brick and they are all one-story structures, apart
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from a few mosques. The various neighborhoods comprising the villages all have broad
thoroughfares. The villages are also connected to the electrification network.
The villages are generally surrounded by crops as well as areas of land left fallow and these
are often not very far from houses. The agriculture is mixed (arboriculture, mainly with
orchards featuring mango trees within the area taken up by the project in its Southern zone,
crops of cassava which occupy vast expanses of land within the area taken up by the projects
Northern zone, and rainfall agriculture crops). There are also lands left fallow.
Apart from the Taba-ICS mine (operated by the company Industries Chimiques du Sngal)
which straddles the rural communities of Taba Ndiaye, Darou Khoudoss and Mouane,
located about 6-7 kilometers away, currently there is no industrial infrastructure within the
vicinity of the projects zone.
However, three (3) GSM towers belonging to the mobile telephone operators Orange, Tigo
and Sudatel are visible in the Taba Ndiaye zone, and numerous power pylons are visible that
carry power for Senelec from the high voltage (90 and 225 kV) transformer sub-station at
Tobne, about 1 km South of wind turbine No. 42. This transformer sub-station, which is not
far from the projects site, constitutes an advantage for the projects electrical connection.
It will be noted that the projects region has a few landscape zones of public interest. These
zones comprise agricultural zones, dune zones (in the Northern zone) and a zone with a grove
of palms (in the Southern zone).
At the local level, the wind farm study site is basically located in an agricultural zone.
Currently, the sites are almost exclusively occupied by orchards of mango trees, cashew trees
and fields of cassava. In the Southern part, near Group 5, there is a savannah with scrub that
predominantly consists of Combretaceae.
There are no roads within the area taken up by the project, although there are sand tracks
which are generally only used by local populations for gaining access to the various fields of
cassava and to the orchards, and which therefore do not have a visual impact on the
landscape.
No town and country planning requirements exist either at the site or in its immediate vicinity.
Indeed, the Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye does not have town and country planning
regulations or a POAS (Land Use and Allocation Plan).
The Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye occupies a total surface area of approximately 148
km2 (or 14,800 ha) almost all of which has no buildings on it. These zones are assigned to the
following uses: agricultural land (with crops of cassava occupying 65 % of the land),
orchards, grazing lands, woods, fallow and waste land, and other uses. It should be pointed
out that the areas with buildings mainly have houses in them.
The surface area taken up by the project features 46 wind turbines, symbolically split into five
(5) rows. The surface area taken up by a wind turbine is approximately 1,400 m2, which
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constitutes a total surface area of 7 hectares. The sub-station accounts for 150 m2,
representing an additional surface area of 2.25 ha.
5.6
5.6.1
PLANT BIODIVERSITY
Description of the natural habitats
A natural habitat is a "homogeneous space due to its ecological conditions, its vegetation
(arborescent, herbaceous plants, and shrubs), which shelters a certain fauna, with species that
carry out some or all of their living activities within this space".
Within the projects zone, natural habitats are very rare due to the artificial nature of the
landscape and the amount of distance from the environments natural state.
Two categories of criteria may be used in order to assess the level of the artificial nature of
the environment where the project for the construction of the thermal power station is to be
established:
Flora and vegetation: Among the sites various types of flora, natural (spontaneous) species
may be distinguished, along with species whose presence is due to mankind. These species
were identified during inventories of flora. The vegetation characteristic of wooded savannah
in the Northern zone is very artificial due to fruit trees being grown there. In the Southern part
(Group 5), it involves scrubby savannah predominated by Combretaceae with rainfall
agriculture crops. The remaining woody vegetation spared in the fields where cassava, blackeyed peas and peanuts are planted, as well as in the orchards of mango trees, is mainly
dominated by the apple-ring acacia (Faidherbia albida).
Farming: The main types of farming carried out at the site involve rainfall agriculture and
arboriculture. The farming is intensive because it involves high, constant pressure on the
environment (for example: frequent cutting at the bases of mango trees).
5.6.2
Plant diversity
5.6.2.1 Methodological approach

The agricultural vocation of the zone that is to host the wind farm project should be correlated
with the cultivation and ploughing activities etc. These various activities lead to both
degradation and disruption of the herbaceous layer.
However, we did note that there were pockets of herbaceous vegetation scattered around the
site that were preserved to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneousness
of the vegetation (or in other words of the undisrupted zones associated with the disrupted
zones due to cultivation and ploughing work). We opted to work with the best-preserved
pockets of vegetation. For the purpose of characterising the herbaceous layer, we are going to
consider the vegetation pockets or mosaics to be homogeneous.
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The choice of methodology is guided by the local context that we described above.
Consequently, concerning the remnant woody species and the layer, the various
methodological approaches used for characterization purposes are presented below.
Study of the woody plants
This was tackled using the method involving wandering around and taking readings, as set out
by Chevallier (1948) and Aubreville (1959). This methodology involves walking the site in all
directions, noting all the species of plants encountered.
Herbaceous plants study
In the methodological part, we adopted the random sampling espoused by Orloci & Kenkel
(1985). It consists of walking the site and inventorying the vegetation mosaics (herbaceous
plants) which are homogeneous floristically and selecting the most interesting ones in terms
of homogeneousness. The phytosociological readings are carried out according to the BraunBlanquet method (1932). Plots measuring 10 m x 10 m covering a surface area of 100 m2 are
laid in order to carry out an inventory of the herbaceous layer.
In addition to the species inventoried in the plots, a list mentioning the various sorts of trees
encountered in the vicinity and which are not featured in the plot (measuring 10 m10 m) is
started. Likewise, the woody species omitted from the readings taken by wandering around
will be added as you go.
Lastly, some disputed samples, recognition of which posed problems out in the field, were
gathered and compared with other samples. Identification by comparison was carried out with
the help of the Dakar Herbarium in the Plant Biology Department at Cheikh Anta Diop
University.
Flora inventory
A flora list was drawn up after a systematic census of all the species observed. The various
works consulted for identifying their nomenclature are: Berhaut, J. (1967); Berhaut, J. (196196); Lebrun, J. P. & Stork, A. (1996-1997); Mabberley, D. J. (1997); Poilecot, P. (1999);
Berghen, C. V. (1988).
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Map 6: Location of the plant species inventory plots
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5.6.2.2 Results
The inventory enabled us to draw up a flora list of the plant species carried out at the project
site and in its environs. A list of the plant species encountered is provided in the Table below:
Table 25: Taxonomic spectrum
FAMILIES
Acanthaceae
Aizoaceae
Amaranthaceae
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
SPECIES
Monechma ciliatum (Jacq.) Milnc-Redh..
Gisekia pharnacioides L.
Limeum diffusum (Gay) Schinz
Limeum viscosum (Gay) Fenzl
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Seringue
Achyranthes aspera L.
Pupalia lappacea (L.) A. Just.
Amaranthus graecizans L.
Anacardium occidentale L.
Mangifera indica L.
Annona glauca Schum. & Thonn.
Borassus aethiopum Mart.
Phonix reclinata Jacq

Arecaceae (Palmae)
Asclepiadaceae
Asteraceae
Balanitaceae
Bignoniaceae
Bombacaceae
Boraginaceae
Capparacea
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.
Leptadenia hastata (Pers.) Decne
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.
Blainvillea gayana Cass.
Centaurea perrottetii DC.
Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Ait.
Vernonia ambigua Kotschy & Peyr.
Vernonia bambilorensis Berh.
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.
Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.
Adansonia digitata L.
Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) DC.
Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir.
Capparis tomentosa Lam.
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Caryophylaceae
Celastraceae
Combretaceae
Commelinaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Cyperaceae
Euphorbiaceae
FabaceaeCaesalpinioidae
Cleom viscosa L.
Polycarpaea linearifolia (DC.) DC.
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Excell
Combretum aculeatum Vent.
Combretum micranthum G. Don
Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel.
Commelina benghalensis L.
Commelina forskaolaei Vahl
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult.
Ipomoea kotschyana Hochst. ex Choisy
Ipomoea pes-tigridis L.
Ipomoea vagans Bak.
Merremia tridentata subsp. Angustifolia (Jacq.) van Ooststr.
Merremia pinnata (Hochst.) Hall.
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naud.
Momordica balsamina L.
Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus rotundus L.
Fimbristylis exilis (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.
Chrozophora senegalensis (Lam.) A. Juss. ex Spreng.
Croton lobatus L.
Euphorbia balsamifera Ait.
Euphorbia hirta Linn.
Jatropha curcas L.
Manihot esculenta Crantz
Phyllanthus pentandrus Schum & Thonn.
Cassia obtusifolia L.
Cassia occidentalis L.
Dialium guineense Willd.
Parkinsonia aculeata L.
Tamarindus indica L.
Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schum.) Lo.
Arachis hypogaea L.
Crotalaria arenaria
Crotalaria perrottetii
Crotalaria sphaeocarpa
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Indigofera astragalina DC.

Indigofera berhautiana
Indigofera bracteolata
Fabaceae-Faboidae
Indigofera diphylla Vent.
Indigofera pilosa Poir.
Indigofera secundiflora
Indigofera tinctoria L.
Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston
Stylosanthes erecta P. Beauv.
Tephrosia linearis
Tephrosia purpurea
Zornia glochidia
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Acacia nilotica subsp. Adstringens (Schum. & Th.) Roberty
Fabaceae-Mimosoidae Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.
Dichrostachys Cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.
Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev.
Prosopis africana (Gui. & Perr.) Taub.
Prosopis glandulosa Torrey
Lamiaceae
Hyptis suaveolens Poit.
Hibiscus asper Hook. f.
Malvaceae
Sida rhombifolia L.
Meliaceae
Azadirachna indica A. Juus.
Menispermaceae
Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich.
Moraceae
Ficus platyphylla Del.
Ficus sycomorus L.
Moraceae
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.
Ceratotheca sesamoides Endl.
Pedaliaceae
Sesamum alatum Thonn.
Andropogon gayanus Kunth
Aristida sieberiana Trin.
Aristida stipoides Lam.
Brachiaria lata (Schmach.) C. E. Hubb.
Brachiaria xantholeuca (Schinz) Stapf
Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.
Poaceae
Chloris pilosa Schmach.
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler
Digitaria honrizontalis Willd.
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.
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Polygalaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Sapindaceae
Solanaceae
Solanaceae
Tiliaceae
Tribulaceae
Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton

Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.
Panicum laetum Khunth
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.
Pennisetum violaceum (Lam.) Rich.
Polygala irregularis Boiss.
Securidaca longipedunculata Fres.
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
Kohautia grandiflora DC.
Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC.
Spermacoce radiata (DC.) Hiern
Aphania senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Radlk.
Datura fastuosa L.
Waltheria indica L
Corchorus tridens L.
Grewia bicolor Juss.
Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich.
Tribulus terrestris L.
The taxonomic spectrum indicates 128 species belonging to 99 genera, covering 41 families.
The Poaceae (Graminae) family is the most diverse one, with 18 species, followed by the
Fabaceae-Faboidae family, which has 17 specific taxa. The Indigofera genus is the most
diverse one, with 7 species.
Flora composition
Table 26: List of the families along with the name of the genus and species
FAMILY
1. Acanthaceae
2. Aizoaceae
3. Amaranthaceae
4. Anacardiaceae
5. Annonaceae
6. Arecaceae (Palmae)
7. Asclepiadaceae
8. Asteraceae
9. Balanitaceae
10. Bignoniaceae
11. Bombacaceae
12. Boraginaceae
NUMBER OF
GENERA
1
4
3
2
1
3
3
4
1
1
1
1
NUMBER OF SPECIES
1
4
3
2
1
3
3
6
1
1
1
1
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13. Capparaceae
14. Caryophylaceae
15. Celastraceae
16. Combretaceae
17. Commelinaceae
18. Convolvulaceae
19. Cucurbitaceae
20. Cyperaceae
21. Euphorbiaceae
22. FabaceaeCaesalpinioideae
23. Fabaceae-Faboidae
24. Fabaceae-Mimosoideae
25. Lamiaceae
26. Malvaceae
27. Meliaceae
28. Menispermaceae
29. Moraceae
31. Myrtaceae
32. Pedaliaceae
33. Poaceae
34. Polygalaceae
35. Rhamnaceae
36. Rubiaceae
37. Sapindaceae
38. Solanaceae
39. Sterculiaceae
40. Tiliaceae
TOTAL
3
1
1
2
1
3
4
2
6
3
1
1
3
2
7
4
3
7
4
8
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
13
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
99
5
17
6
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
18
2
1
4
1
1
1
3
128
Most prevalent Species

Overall, the most representative families are the Poaceae (14%), followed by the FabaceaeFaboidae (13 %). A long way behind them are the Aizoaceae, the Asteraceae, the
Convolvulaceae, the Cucurbitaceae, the Euphorbiaceae, etc. The other families with less than
2 species account for 39 %.
In terms of the woody plants component, the Mimosaceae (06), the Cesalpiniaceae (05) and
the Euphorbiaceae (07) predominate over the others. The other families with fewer than two
(2) species are grouped together in the Others category. The herbaceous component is largely
dominated by the Poaceae (18), the Fabaceae (17), and the Cucurbitaceae (4).
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Figure 30: Spectrum of families of species
3%
5%
Aizoaceae
6%
Asteracaea
3%
Convolvulaceae
5%
39%
4%
Cucurbitaceae
Euphorbiacaea
Fabaceae-Cesalpinioideae
13%
Fabaceae-Faboidae
Fabaceae-Mimosoidea
3%
14%
5%
Poaceae
Rubiaceae
Autres
Autres = Others
Frequency
How frequently a species occurs is the ratio stated as a percentage of the number of samples
where this species is noted out of the total number of samples taken, as per Tatien et al.
(2010). In this case, in terms of being constant, we have identified three (3) groups:
The species in the first group are qualified as constant (common species) when they
are found in 50 % or more of the samples taken within the same community;
The species in the second group are ancillary as they are only found in 25 to 49 % of
the samples and, lastly
The accidental species have a frequency of occurrence that is less than 25 %.
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Figure 31: Spectrum of frequency of occurrence
Series 1, Acc. spec.,

77%
Esp. Acc.
Esp. peu com.
Esp. Com.
Series 1, Uncommon
spec., 11%
Series 1, Com. spec.,

12%
Accidental species
Uncommon species
Common species
The Figure above shows that most of the species (83) are accidental because they are to be
found in fewer than 25 % of the readings.
Twelve (12) species, or 11%, are infrequent, including Indigofera puchra, Momordica
balsamina, Cassia obtusifolia and Sesbania pachycarpa, which are to be found in 40 % to 42
% of the samples. The other infrequent species are Eragrotis ciliaris (29 %), Merremia
tridentata (33 %), Pergularia daemia (33 %), Tephrosia linearis (33 %), Comelina
Forskalaei (38 %), Indigofera berhautiana (38 %), Monechma ciliatum (38 %) and
Sparmacoce stachydea (38 %).
Thirteen species are frequent (found in at least 50% of the samples) at the site and in its
vicinity. This group includes Cenchrus biflorus (75 %), Indigofera astragalina (75 %), and
Mitracarpus villosus (79 %).
This breakdown of the species depending on their frequency shows that a low proportion of
the species is widely distributed (13 %) - 13 species within the study zone, whereas a large
number is not widespread, or even accidental (77 %).
5.6.2.3 Uses made of the species
This part reports on the uses made by the local populations of the plant species. The
possibilities for using the various types of agriculture, fruit and forestry trees may be
summarized as follows:
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Species from rainfall agriculture with subsistence crops (millet, maize, etc.) and cash
crops (cassava, peanuts, etc.);
Forest species used in the pharmacopoeia, as foods, and for other purposes
(Leptadiana hastata, Momordica balsamina, Boscia senegalensis, etc.) by the local
populations and sold at markets;
Exotic species providing high added value (mango trees, cashew trees, etc.) which
form orchards and, lastly,
Species used as boundary hedges (Euphorbia balsamifera; Jatropha curcas and
Parkinsonia aculeata) which delineate properties as well as preventing livestock from
wandering off.
The Table below lists the agricultural, forestry and fruit species that are used by local
populations.
Table 27: List of the plant species used by local populations
Vernacular names
Balsam pear
Thieukheute*
Balsam spurge
Scientific names
Momordica balsamina
Leptadiana hastata
Euphorbia balsamifera
Apple-ring acacia
Faidherbia albida
Mango
Mangifera indica
Cashew tree
Anacardium occidentale
Barbados nut
Jatropha curcas
Parkinsonia aculeata
Hanza
Boscia senegalensis
Peanut
Arachis hypogea
Manioc
Manihilot esculenta
Black-eyed pea
Vigna unguiculata
Millet
Pennisetum typhoides
Maize
Zea mays
Dogoor*
Annona glauca
Soloom*
Cretevia bicolor
* No known English name; the Latin name is commonly used.
5.7
5.7.1
Uses
Pharmacopoeia
Fodder for livestock
Hedge
Fodder for livestock Organic fertiliser
Food
Food
Hedge
Hedge
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Food
Pharmacopoeia
Food
ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY
Methodology
The method of wandering around and taking readings, combined with station-based
observations, was adopted. It consisted of going through the zone to be occupied by the
project. The points geo-referenced for the wind turbine installations were considered to be
observation stations while the distances separating them were considered to be a transect. In
terms of the points adopted for the wind turbine installations (stations), ten (10) minutes were
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devoted to recording all the avian fauna and mammals moving around. The distance
separating two (2) points was crossed as a transect in order to identify the fauna. In addition to
this direct counting method, the indirect method was used for certain species using their
presence indices.
5.7.2
The current state of the sites fauna diversity
The results compiled in the Table below provide an idea of the diversity of avian fauna in
December 2012. Reading the Table, it may be said that the avian fauna at the Taba Ndiaye
site is relatively diverse. The presence of 25 families with 39 genera and 39 species was
noted. In terms of importance for avian fauna (cf. Figure 50), the dominant families are:
Columbidae (12.82%), Accipritidae and Ploceidae with 7.69 % each. The Apodidae,
Coracidae and Psittacidae families also each account for 5.13 %. The rest of the families
inventoried each account for 2.56 %.
Table 28: Diversity of the avian fauna in the Taba Ndiaye zone
Avian fauna within the project area

Family
Genus
Accipitridae
3
Apodidae
2
Ardeidae
1
Bucerotidae
2
Burhinidae
1
Charadriidae
1
Columbidae
5
Coraciidae
2
Corvidae
1
Cuculidae
1
Estrildidae
1
Falconidae
1
Malaconotidae
1
Muscicapidae
1
Musophagidae
1
Nectariiniidae
1
Passeridae
2
Phasianidae
1
Ploceidae
3
Psittacidae
2
Pteroclidae
1
Pycnonotidae
1
Pteroclidae
1
Sturnidae
2
Upupidae
1
Total = 25
39
Species
3
2
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
39
Family %
7.69
5.13
2.56
5.13
2.56
2.56
12.82
5.13
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
5.13
2.56
7.69
5.13
2.56
2.56
2.56
5.13
2.56
100.00
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Figure 32: Spectrum of bird families
Frequency (%) of the families

5%
Apodidae
, 5%
Bucerotidae
13%
Columbidae
49%
8%
5%
5%
5%
Coraciidae
5%
Passeridae
Ploceidae
Psittacidae
Sturnidae
Autres
Autres = Others
5.7.3
The abundance of avian fauna and mammals
In terms of the abundance, within the zone to be taken up by the project, in total 965 birds
were counted. The dominant species are: the alpine swift (Tachymarptismelba) 23.83 %, the
red-eyed dove (Streptopelia semitorquata) 18.03 %, and the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) 8.81
%. Alpine swifts are only there during the day for feeding purposes and are birds of passage.
However the other species nest in the area.
As far as mammals are concerned, the cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) is the most
commonly observed species within the zone: eight (8) were observed. The other species (the
Gambian sun squirrel, the jackal, the civet and the bat) are only observed via indications of
their presence recorded out in the field. As the zone is used for arboriculture, the surveys
conducted of the populations in the zone reveal a high presence of bats, which are nocturnal
mammals. A serious study should be carried out within this context as this is the species that
may possibly collide with the wind turbines.
All the species from the Falconidae (Falco tinnunculus), Accipritidae (Melieras metabates
and Accipiter brevipes and Milvus migrans) families are birds of prey.
All the species observed are diurnal because the recordings were carried out during the
daytime. However, bats and mongooses are nocturnal mammals.
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Table 29: The abundance of the species of avian fauna encountered in the Taba Ndiaye zone
Species observed
Family
Black scrub robin
Muscicapidae
Dark chanting
goshawk
Common bulbul
Accipitridae
Scientific name
African palm swift

Greater blue-eared
starling
Black kite
Senegal thick-knee
Accipitridae
Burhinidae
House sparrow
Senegal parrot
Passeridae
Psittacidae
Rose-ringed parakeet
House sparrow
Speckled pigeon
(palmyra)
Abyssinian roller
Psittacidae
Passeridae
Columbidae
Cercotrichas
podobe
Melieras
metabates
Pycnonotus
barbatus
Tokus nasutus
Tokus
erythrorhyncus
Corvus capensis
Centropus
senegalensis
Accipiter brevipes
Lamprotornis
chalybaeus
Falco tinnunculus
Francolinus
bicalcaratus
Pterocles
gutturalis
Laniarius
erythrogaster
Bubulcus ibis
Upupa epops
Tachymarptis
melba
Cypsiurus parvus
Lamprotornis
chalybaeus
Milvus migrans
Burhinus
senegalensis
Paser domesticus
Poicelaphus
senegalus
Psittacula krameri
Paser domesticus
Columba guinea
Coraciidae
Coracias
African grey hornbill

Red-billed hornbill
Cape crow
Senegal coucal
Levant sparrowhook
Greater blue-eared
starling
Common kestrel
Double-spurred
francolin
Yellow-throated
sandgrouse
Black-headed
gonoleck
Cattle egret
Hoopoe
Alpine swift
Pycnonotidae
Bucerotidae
Bucerotidae
Corvidae
Cuculidae
Accipitridae
Sturnidae
Falconidae
Phasianidae
Pteroclidae
Malaconotidae
Ardeidae
Upupidae
Apodidae
Apodidae
Sturnidae
Total
number
2
% of total
number per
species
0.21
0.10
32
3.32
22
39
2.28
4.04
75
7
7.77
0.73
1
12
0.10
1.24
5
17
0.52
1.76
0.21
0.21
85
2
230
8.81
0.21
23.83
2
22
0.21
2.28
10
2
1.04
0.21
26
2
2.69
0.21
4
26
16
0.41
2.69
1.66
0.62
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Species observed
Family
Total
number
% of total
number per
species
Ploceidae
Ploceidae
abyssinicus
Coracias naevius
Spermophaga
haematina
Cinnyris
coccinigastrus
Euplectes
hordeaceus
Ploceus cucullatus
Ploceus nigerrimus
Musophagidae
Crinifer piscator
0.41
Columbidae
Streptopelia
semitorquata
Streptopelia
capicola
Streptopelia
senegalensis
Streptopelia
decipiens
Vannellus tectus
13
1.35
0.21
174
18.03
0.93
10
1.04
965
100
Purple roller
Western bluebill
Coraciidae
Estrildidae
Splendid sunbird
Nectariiniidae
Black-winged red
bishop
Village weaver
Vieillots black
weaver
Western plantaineater
Red-eyed dove
Ploceidae
Ring-necked dove
Columbidae
Laughing dove
Columbidae
Mourning collared
Columbidae
dove
Black-headed
Charadriidae
lapwing
Total species observed
5.7.4
Scientific name
3
2
0.31
0.21
10
1.04
0.21
59
27
6.11
2.80
Number of avifauna species
The majority of the species inventoried within the zone are small in number. However, certain
species such as the black kite and the cattle egret are numerous.
5.7.5
The existence of a migration corridor for avifauna
The birds use the zone for resting and feeding. Those birds that leave Djoudj park in order to
fly to the Saloum Delat pass through the littoral zone where there is a belt of casuarina trees
about 5 km from the projects zone.
5.8
5.8.1
STATUS OF THE SPECIES AND SPACES

Status of the plant species
In this section, we are going to conduct an analysis of the legal status of the plant species
encountered at the projects site and in the vicinity. The purpose of this section is to see which
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of the species encountered at the site are the source of conservation concerns (because they
are rare, endemic, threatened, etc.).
Firstly, we are going to see the positions of the species in the IUCN Red List in terms of
conservation concerns set out in a section entitled Rarity status.
The second and last section, entitled Protection status, will tackle everything relating to the
national legislation (the Forestry Code) and international legislation (CITES) applicable to
these species.
Rarity status
In this part of the analysis, we are going to see the rarity status of the species inventories at
regional level or, in other words, in terms of the eco-geographical region where the project is
located. As a reminder, the site that is to host the project belongs to the Sahel-Sudan area.
What is involved is the eco-geographic zone within the 350 and 600 mm isohyets.
A comparative analysis of the flora list and a list of the endemic and threatened species in the
Senegalese Sahel-Sudan area was carried out. No endemic or threatened species were
identified at the site.
The projects site does not feature any species belonging to the Sahel-Sudan area that are
listed as being endemic and/or threatened.
Threatened plant species
The following species are featured in a list of species that are either threatened or that may
pose a threat to other species in Senegal.
Moreover, from a regulatory perspective, these three species benefit from partial protection. A
chapter deals with issues relating to the protection status of the plant species encountered at
the site and in its vicinity.
Endemic species
An endemic plant species is a species with a distribution area limited to one country or region.
Herbaceous species predominate where there are endemic species.
Of the one hundred and twenty-three (123) species inventoried at the projects site and its
vicinity,
three
(3)
(Crotalariasphaerocarpa,
Polycarpaea
linearifolia
and
Vernoniabambilorensis) feature among Senegals endemic flora species.
Protection status
In Chapter 5 of the Implementation Decree for the Senegalese Forestry Code concerning
protected forestry species, Article R.63 lists the forestry species that are protected in Senegal.
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Interim Report
From a legislative and regulatory perspective, the eight (8) following species: Adansonia
digitata, Borassus aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis, Faidherbia albida, Grewia bicolor, Prosopis
africana, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana are encountered at the projects site and
in its vicinity, which form part of the species partially protected by the Senegalese Forestry
Code. This involves obtaining prior authorization from the relevant authorities before taking
any action (cutting down trees, chopping off branches, clearing tree stumps, etc.).
With regard to species fully protected by the Forestry Code, none of the species inventoried
fall into this category.
Nor were any species featured in the CITES4 in Appendices I, II or III (2012 edition)
inventoried and identified at the site or in its vicinity.
5.8.2
Status of the animal species
Analysis of the status of fauna species encountered at the project site and in its vicinity is
dealt with in Appendix B. None of the species inventoried is considered by the IUPN to be
threatened either at national or international level.
Four species of birds that are fully protected under Senegalese regulations (Article R-59 of the
Hunting and Fauna Protection Code) were also inventoried. They are Milvus migrans and
Bubulcus ibis, with the natural habitat found at the zone where the project is to be established
not offering any characteristics favorable for their reproduction; the individuals observed were
therefore either birds of passage or were looking for food. As far as the two species of
hornbills (Tockus erythrorhyncus and Tockus nasutus) are concerned, what is involved are
birds that only use hollows in old trees for nests. The study zone, which features several old
trees, therefore constitutes a potentially favorable zone for the reproduction of hornbills.
Lastly, there were no animal species that are protected under the 25 September 2012 version
of the CITES(2) Convention. Three species of mammals were however listed in Appendix I(3)
of the previous version of the CITES Convention (Mungos mungo, Ichneumia albicauda and
Canis aureus) while five birds belonged to Appendix II(1) (Milvus migrans, Tockus
erythrorhynchus, Tockus nasutus, Bubulcus ibis and Poicephalus senegalus). Only the latest
version of the Convention was taken into consideration for determining the threatened status
of the species in this ESIS; the old statuses are however presented in Appendix 4.
5.8.2.1 Status of the spaces: sensitive and/or protected areas
The only listed area within the projects zone is the Pire Gourye area (cf. Figure 18). It was
listed by Order No. 1857 of 5 May 1946 and features nineteen (19) villages. It is mainly
populated by palms (Borassus aethiopum).
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.

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Table 30: Summary of the sensitive spaces within the area of influence of the projects site
Name
FC of
Pire
Gourye
Distance and
direction in
relation to the
project (No. of
km N, S, E, or
W)
7.5 km East of
the site
Protection level
(use the local
terminology &
IUCN codes)
Area (km2)
92.50
Managed
Sensitivity (what
are the habitats
and protected
species concerned
brief summary)
Palm grove
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Map 7: Map of the protected areas within the projects expanded zone
,000000
324000
VUE D'ENSEMBLE DE L'OCCUPATION-UTILISATION

DU SOL AUTOUR DE LA ZONE DU PROJET
DAROU KHOUDOS
"
"
"
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"
"
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"
"
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"
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"
"
S
----------
"
KOUL
"
"
Chemin de fer
Route
"
Cours d'eau
,000000
PIRE GOUREYE
"
NOTO GOUYE DIAMA
D702
"
"
1656000
WGS 84. Zone 28 N
MONT ROLAND
"
"
FC de Pout
Source de Donnes :
Base geo (ANAT, 2015)
"
"
Conception :
Hpr Ankh Consultants,
Juillet 2015
FANDENE
284000
,000000
,000000
292000
300000
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308000
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316000
,000000
,000000
324000
332000
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Interim Report
,000000
1648000
"
,000000
CHERIF LO
,000000
"
"
"
1648000
Forages
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"
S Usine ICS
"
---------------
"
"
FC de Pire
"!
("
Taiba Ndiaye
------------
"
Darou Khoudos !
(
"
MEOUANE
"
"
"
"
"
Km
10
,000000
Limites commune
Carrires
Ocean
Primtre de reboisement
Savane arbustive arbore
"Steppe arbustive arbore
Zone
" de cultures horticoles
Zone de cultures pluviales
"
"
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332000
,000000
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1680000
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292000
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284000
5.9
SERVICES RENDERED BY THE ECOSYSTEMS
This part reports on the uses the populations make of the plant species, and fauna to a lesser
extent. It is based on the IFCs performance criteria.
The services rendered by the ecosystems entail interactions between the natural environment
and the human environment. The study of the services rendered by the ecosystems is based on
the importance of the components reused:
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Geology and soils;

Biodiversity;
Water;
Cultural heritage;
Land use and subsistence resources;
The health of local populations;
etc.
The following Table outlines the services rendered by the ecosystems at the project site and in
its vicinity.
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Interim Report
Table 31: Summary of the services rendered by the ecosystems
Service categories
Services
Energy source
F Gathering up dead wood;
F Cutting down trees and chopping off branches at the base of trees (fruit tree species and stumps of trees).
Photo 8: Bundle of dead wood tied up using Leptadiana hastata vines
Supply
Photo 9:
Pruning the side branches from mango trees
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Interim Report
Service categories
Services
Service and the local economy

F Exploitation of forestry products: the leaves from Leptadiana hasta or Thieukheute, the leaves from Sena tora
or Mboum Ndour for food, the fruit from Boscia senegalensis (hanza) for food, palm leaves for making
containers for storing foods, the palm trunk for making poles, the bark from the confetti tree for rope-making;
F Exploitation of fruit trees: mango trees, cashew trees, lemon trees, palms, leaves from Boscia senegalensis, the
leaves from Leptadiana hastata, etc.
Photo 10: Looking for sap in the base of a palm in order to make wine Photo 11:Gathering palm leaves
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Service categories
Services
Photo 12: Base of Boscia senegalensis beside E23
Photo 13: Bade of Leptadiana hastata beside E18
Livestock feed
F Exploitation of fodder from overhanging tree branches: apple-ring acacia pods, the leaves and fruit from
Tahitian lime trees, New fruit, etc.
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Interim Report
Service categories
Services
F Exploitation of herbaceous plants for fodder.
F Exploitation of products remaining from harvests: peanuts, manioc, millet, and market garden products
generally
The intrinsic value of biodiversity:
F Partially protected species: plant and animal species.
The plant species offer various cultural services. Take palms for example; several cultural services derived from the
various parts of the plant can be listed. For example:
F Palm leaves are used on the roofs of huts to provide protection against lightning
Cropping
F Palm leaves are used for making cooking utensils and containers for storing foods and foodstuffs
F Palm sap is used for making local wine
F Etc.
Photo 14: Hut roof based on palm leaves
Photo 15: Framework for a hut made with palm stems
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Interim Report
Service categories
Services
Photo 16: A fence made from palm leaves
Regulation
Combating erosion caused by wind and water:

F Ground cover provided by plants preventing erosion caused by wind and water;
F Numerous hedges have been grown (which prevent erosion caused by wind) and low stone walls
Photo 17: Low stone wall
Photo 18: Wind break

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Service categories
Services
Water cycle
F Surface bodies of water contribute to replenishing the high groundwater
Photo 19: Standing bodies of water on line 3
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5.10 THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of this section is to present a description of the socio-economic environment for
the project in its initial state. In particular, it relates to a demographic, social and economic
characterization of the study zone based on primary and secondary data. The methodology
adopted in order to fulfil this specification relies on making use of documents drawn up at
national and local level. Particularly the Economic and Social Policy Document (DPES 20112015), the Local Development Plan for the borough of Taba Ndiaye, and calculations carried
out based on data drawn from these various documents, as well as the results of the
streamlined households survey conducted in the villages neighboring the project zone, which
was carried out by a multi-disciplinary team and related to a random sample of 66 households.
This chapter describes the administrative, demographic, economic, social and agricultural
contexts of the town and country planning and housing situation, land use and ownership, the
employment situation, social services and infrastructures.
5.10.1 Administrative context
Upon achieving independence, Senegal opted for a cautious, progressive and irreversible
decentralization policy. This option was confirmed during the various phases that marked this
policy.
The first major reform in 1972 laid down the groundwork with greater local freedoms, the
creation of rural communities, the promotion of devolution, and planning regionalization.
The second major reform, carried out in 1996 with a view to increasing the States local
services and the responsibilities of local bodies, enshrines regionalization, particularly
through establishing the region as a local authority, and creating district boroughs.
However, in spite of the progress made, a good many weaknesses and constraints still weigh
on the implementation of the decentralization policy. The context and weakness of the
development policies and strategies applied hitherto require, as a consequence, the initiating
of alternatives likely to make up for shortcomings and at the same time achieve significant
progress at national level and harmonious local development.
With a view to this, the option adopted was, under the framework of consensus-based and
forward-looking dialogue, to lay the building blocks for the States renewal and
modernization through decentralization that is consistent in its principles, and which offers
high-performance implementation.
Thus, the Government envisages a major reworking of the States regional action through the
project of reforming decentralization.
The general objective targeted by this reform, called Act III of decentralization, is to
organize Senegal into viable regions that are competitive and promote sustainable
development.
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This reform has its roots in a true regional development policy and orients firming up the
aspirations and hopes of regional stakeholders with a view to putting together a regional plan.
It offers sufficient room to lay the groundwork for the regional implementation of public
policies.
It takes the form of four basic objectives:
-
-
-
-
Bedding in regional consistency in order to achieve a renovated administrative

structure;
Clarification of the powers of the State and local authorities;
Development of contractual arrangements between the two decision-making levels;
Modernization of regional State-sector management, with a reform of local finances
and sustained promotion of the quality of human resources.
In light of its complexity and its decisive nature for the future of our country, Act III of
decentralization will be implemented gradually and will be carried out in two phases.
The first phase will involve:
-
-
-
-
-
Eliminating the regional local authority;

Establishing Departments as local authorities;
Carrying out the full establishment of a boroughs structure by setting up rural
communities and Arrondissement boroughs as boroughs;
Creating towns with a view to sharing the powers of the boroughs comprising them;
Allocating the nine areas of authority transferred to date between the two levels of
local authorities, consisting of the Departments and boroughs.
The first phase must be carried out in accordance with the current regional boundaries of the
administrative entities concerned.
The borough of Taba Ndiaye is one of the oldest local authorities in the country. It was
created as part of the second regional reform initiated by Law No. 72-25 of 25 April 1972.
Administratively, it is subordinate to the Arrondissement of Mouane which is located in the
Department of Tivaouane, in the This Region. Taba Ndiaye has 39 villages, over ten of
which are located near the projects zone.
5.10.2 Local governance and organizational dynamics
Local governance refers to forms of coordination including multiple stakeholders. Local
public-sector action is no longer the prerogative of a single authority but instead involves nonState sector stakeholders in decision-making processes.
In Senegal, the emergence of local governance is closely linked to the decentralization
reforms instituted in 1996. Indeed, the transfer of the 9 areas of authority to local authorities
enabled the latter to achieve truly autonomous management. The centralized State no longer
appears to be a suitable instrument for ensuring development at ground level.
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Article 3 of Law No. 96-06 of 22 March 1996 concerning the Local Authorities Code
stipulates that: The mission of local authorities is to come up with, schedule and implement
actions for economic, educational, social and cultural development of regional, borough or
rural interest. (). Where applicable, they involve community movements and groups in the
execution of economic, educational, social and cultural development projects.
Taba Ndiaye, following the example of all the other rural communities, is administered by a
rural council consisting of male and female councillors elected by direct universal voting for a
5-year term of office. The executive organ is still its Chair, who is the moral authority and is
elected by the councillors for the same term of office as the council, and is in charge of
ensuring the local authoritys administrative policy in accordance with the provisions of the
laws and regulations in force as well as having the mission of implementing the areas of
authority transferred which are health, education, the environment, housing, town and country
planning, agriculture, youth, sport and cottage industries. Under the framework of its
operations, the rural council is assisted by specific commissions.
The organizational dynamic which must support the rural council has to be characterized
both by its quantitative scope and by its diversity. The dynamism of the OCBs (Basic
Community Organizations) has to be the guarantor of rural areas socio-economic
development.
The OCBs mainly consist of Dahiras, GPFs (Groups for Promoting Women), ASCs (Sports
and Cultural Associations) and, on an ancillary basis, GIEs (Public Interest Groupings) in the
borough of Taba Ndiaye or specifically in villages neighboring the projects site. The Dahiras
are the most important organizations in terms of numbers. They have real mobilisation
capabilities, but for the time being their actions are oriented solely towards religious worship.
The proximity of the religious town of Tivaouane has a determining influence on the
profusion of this type of organization.
The GPFs, which are quite numerous, are the most dynamic organizations in economic terms.
Their dynamism is mainly the result of supervision by technical and financial partners. As a
matter of priority, generally the areas of support mainly concern literacy, micro-credits and
employment, among other aspects.
The other OCBs are generally oriented towards carrying out for-profit community activities or
the maintenance and upkeep of certain community assets. The OCBs which involve
themselves in the maintenance and upkeep of community infrastructure are APEs, health
committees, and borehole management committees.
5.10.3 Demographic context/Housing
Senegals estimated population was slightly over 13 million people in 2012. Fifty-two percent
of the population is female, and it is also characterized by its extreme youth, with about 60%
of Senegalese being under the age of 20. Demographic growth, which is considered to be
nearly 2.7% on average annually, is higher in urban areas, where it has reached nearly 4%,
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Interim Report
than in rural areas. In spite of this rapid urbanisation, over 60% of the population still lives in
country areas.
Women still marry early; 50% of them get married before they are 17 years old. The average
fertility rate is about 6 children for women at the end of their childbearing years, and is one
and a half times higher for rural women than it is for urban women. In terms of family
responsibilities, surveys show that nearly 82% of the heads of households are men and only
18% are women. However, it is in towns where women constitute the largest proportion as
heads of families (25.7%), as opposed to 13.1% in rural areas. The major demographic
pressure and the youthfulness of the population explain why the economic dependence rate is
very high, being 1.03. The working population, from 15 to 64 years old, is growing at a rate
of 4% on average.
The population in the This region grew 8.30% from 2009 to 2012, making for an annual
increase of 2.69%, which is near the annual average. Indeed, it went from 1,610,052
inhabitants in 2009 to 1,743,707 inhabitants in 2012. Women account for 50.1% of that
figure, which is slightly less than the national average.
The estimated population of the borough of Taba Ndiaye is 24,114 inhabitants, comprising
47.97% men and 52.02% women, with about 60% of the population being young people
under the age of 20. For over 10 years now, its natural growth rate has been around 3%
annually. The majority of the inhabitants of this location are Muslims (99%) and Wolofs
(99%). The working population constitutes 45.17% of the total population, with 85% being
farmers, 4% graziers, 5% craftsmen, 3% manual laborers working in the industrial sector, and
3% are shopkeepers and State employees.
The information gathered during surveys polling households in villages neighboring the
projects zone indicates a young population, which is in line with regional and national data.
Young people under the age of 15 constitute 42.15% of the population, with 60.34% of them
being boys. Paradoxically, in this zone, men outnumber women, who only constitute 47.6% of
the sample population. Only 30.46% of the population is of working age, 31.65% of whom
are women. Another ambiguity that should be emphasized in this sample is that, of the 27.4%
comprising people who are 65 years of age or over, approximately 78% are women. Young
people and old people constitute 69.54% of the population and constitute the non-working
population, making for a dependence rate of 2.28, which is far higher than the national
average. This excessively high rate of economic dependence may have a huge influence on
the earning capacity of households along the fringes of the projects zone. Under these
conditions, their incomes may experience a certain degree of depreciation due to the
excessively large number of mouths to feed and point to concerns in terms of financial access
to basic social services.
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Interim Report
Table 32: Structure of households in villages neighboring the projects site
SEX
TOTAL
percentage
AGE
STRUCTURE
Male
Under the age
of 1
1 to 5 years old
6 to 14 years
old
15 to 64 years
old
65 years or
over
TOTAL
TOTAL
numbers
Female
%
7.4
n
72
%
2.6
n
25
10
97
6.8
66
4.6
45
11.4
111
11.3
110
9.5
93
20.8
203
20.8
203
9.6
94
30.4
297
6.1
59
21.3
208
27.4
267
52.4
510
47.6
465
100
975
Source: Household survey results, December 2012
5.10.3.1 Ethnic and religious situation

In this region, the most commonly spoken languages are Wolof, Peulh and Bambara. The
Wolofs form the majority and constitute 89.4% of the population, Peulhs constitute 9.1% and
Bambaras account for 1.5%. The zones population is 100% Muslim.
Figure 33: Breakdown by religion
8.religion
musulman
chrtien
animiste
100,0%
Muslim
Christian
Animist
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Interim Report
Figure 34: Breakdown of the ethnic groups of the households neighboring the site
6. Ethnic groups
9.1% 1.5%
Wolof
Serre
Peulh
Mandinka
Bambara
6.thnie
9,1% 1,5%
wolof
serre
peulh
mandink
bambara
89,4%
89.4%
External and internal migration movements are frequent within this borough. Young boys and
girls are the most involved in this rural exodus because women are busy for a good part of the
year. Girls head off to search for domestic work during the dry season in towns like
Tivaouane, This and Dakar in particular, and boys head to certain fishing towns in the This
region.
5.10.3.2 Town and country planning and housing
With the advent of decentralization in Senegal, town and country planning and housing were
transferred to local authorities. Unfortunately, due to a lack of financial resources, these local
institutions are experiencing major difficulties with developing their respective rural lands.
This is the reason for the development of squatter housing and recurring conflicts between
users, particularly between producers. However, the State is attempting to support these local
bodies by helping them to develop and diversify the offer of low-cost public housing by
reinforcing programs for planned development zones and as part of drawing up and
implementing land regularization strategies.
The quality of rural housing in Senegal has improved considerably, particularly in the north
and north-eastern zone of the country. Like many rural communities, the households in many
villages in Taba Ndiaye near the projects zone are increasingly abandoning thatch and straw
and are adopting galvanized steel, concrete, tiles or slates. Housing and the spatial
configuration run parallel to roads and follow destructured community reasoning. The houses
of villages close to the projects zone are modern and semi-modern (77.3% and 22.7%
respectively).
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5.10.3.3 Property
The level of land-owning in Senegalese rural households is 84.90 % of the national level.
However, the figures vary slightly depending on the eco-geographic zones. The ownership
rates are highest in zones where there is a low demographic density. It is 93.33% in the
regions of Tambacounda and Kdougou, 92.91% in the Casamance region, and 84.62% in the
forestry and grazing zone. The rates are comparatively lower in the Senegal River Valley
(80.16%), in the Niayes (80.13%) and in the Peanut Basin (79.91%) where the high densities
often entail a higher level of pressure on land. The latter two zones are characterized
respectively by the increasing establishment of agro-industry and speculation linked to the
major demand for housing land.
In the various eco-geographic zones, inheritance, bequests, donations and loans stand out as
the main methods of gaining access to land. These types of access, which precede the law on
the national domain (allocation) still retain great social legitimacy. It is widely accepted that
access to land resources greatly depends on the social status of individuals (their ethnic group,
social class, etc.) and their family status (the particular position that men and women hold
within the household). 94.53% of households that own land have a man as the head of the
household and 5.47% have a woman as the head of the household.
Access by women to land varies depending on the eco-geographic zones. In the Casamance
region, over 60% of women have access to land, while in the Tambacounda and Kdougou
regions, nearly 70% of women have access to land. Within the zones of Le Ferlo, the River
Valley and the Niayes, the percentages vary from 20 and 30%. Women often have access to
land through their families and GPFs. On a priority basis, women refer to their families in
order to gain access to land, with married women acting through their husbands. The reason
for this is that land is considered to be a family asset.
Access to land resources may differ depending on the matrimonial situation, offspring, age,
and the rank of the spouse within a polygamous marriage. Due to various power relations, the
logic underpinning family management of production would have that the relations women
have with land be limited to the possibility of exploiting but not appropriating land. It is the
man, who is the head of the household, who manages and controls land. As the head of the
family, he has decision-making powers, as well as power over the production and distribution
of resources.
In villages near the projects site, 98.5% of the households polled as part of the land surveys
had owned land, almost all of which is in rural zones, or in other words in the National
Domain governed by Law No. 64-46 of 17 June 1964. Indeed, 92.4% of the households
surveyed obtained these fields through custom rights, with them being passed on from father
to son, from one generation to the next.
5.10.3.4 Soil use
The lands comprising the National Domain are the property of the nation and the State holds
them with a view to ensuring rational use and development of them, in accordance with the
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various development plans and programs. Management powers are transferred to local
authorities.
Land is not only agricultural, it is also used for grazing, and also encompasses all the
activities relating thereto.
Generally, the lands in the National Domain are intended for raising livestock and agriculture,
activities which employ 70% of the working population, and which have the greatest
economic potential.
In rural zones, where you find over 75% of the female population, 80% of women take part in
agricultural work.
Agriculture in Senegal is traditional and extensive in nature, and contributes very little to the
GDP. The majority of the people involved are small farmers who only cultivate surface areas
less than 5 hectares.
The This region is considered to be a major agricultural production hub where the farmers in
particular devote their efforts to food crops (particularly perennial ones), to the detriment of
cash crops, particularly peanuts, whose surface areas sown have considerably diminished.
Overall, surface areas sown increased 46.67% from 1997 to 2008, particularly due to cereal
crops and tubers, especially cassava. Indeed, the surface areas devoted to these cash crops
have increased 353% to 85,641 ha, with a 4.5 times increase for cassava; 37.25% for blackeyed peas, 14% for millet and 37.93% for sorghum over that period. The production of these
various crops has increased spectacularly. It has multiplied around tenfold, going from 84,091
tonnes to 838,259 tonnes. In particular, this remarkable increase is due to the production of
cassava, which increased 17.59 times, going from 40,963 tonnes to 720,628 tonnes, marking
an increase of 1,659%. In addition to the substantial shifts in the surface areas cultivated, the
second main reason for the increase in these food crops is the extraordinary increase in their
productivity per hectare. As a matter of fact, yields increased by about 248% over this period,
or 3.48 times. The cassava yield went from 2,169 kg/ha to 8,415 kg/ha, or a growth of
287.9%.
In the borough of Taba Ndiaye, the production system was marked by repeated seasonal
crops that are highly dependent on rainfall levels. Now the most important cash crop is
cassava with nearly 65% of the surface areas being sown with cereals which has become the
main source of income for households and thereby offers producers in that locale an
alternative to cultivating peanuts, which is handicapped by a lack of quality seed and a lack of
rainfall. Millet (20% of the cultivated surface areas) and black-eyed peas (5% of the cultivated
surface areas) are food crops, with the bulk of the production being consumed by the growers.
Fruit and vegetable cultivation is also practiced within the borough, but the surface areas are
negligible compared to the other seasonal and perennial crops, particularly mangoes.
In addition to cassava, the producers in the borough of Taba Ndiaye also work in the mango
sector, where involvement of a substantial number of women was noticed. The new
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Interim Report
agricultural dynamism and the emergence of a new economy in this locale are naturally
caused by the crisis in the peanuts sector, which reoriented producers towards arboriculture,
tubers and fruit and vegetable cultivation providing them with more long-term income than
growing peanuts does. Unfortunately, like other Senegalese producers, 60% of the households
in these villages near the project farm surface areas less than 5 ha, mainly due to the land
issue.
Livestock rearing is semi-intensive. People opt for this as a secondary activity. The overall
number of all sorts of livestock is very low compared to other grazing zones. The lack of
grazing lands is prompting graziers to graze animals in the vicinity of their homes,
particularly cattle and sheep.
Forestry operations have developed within this local community. Except that land clearance
for mining operations and the extension of zones where perennial crops are grown along with
housing areas are threatening this sub-sector, which provides substantial income to local
populations.
5.10.3.5 Conflicts and tension
Even though land management is one of the powers transferred to local authorities, in practice
this is giving rise to management methods that are a mix of traditional and modern methods.
Most of the lands farmed by families are subject to a range or rights and access rules
particular to their circumstances. Land transactions involve several levels of responsibilities
and prerogatives ranging from the individual to the community, both informally (management
within families) and formally (positive rights granted by the law concerning the National
Domain). Open conflicts over land seem to be rare and the land boundaries between private
individuals and between villages are well-known and fixed within this long-settled area,
where there is next to no itinerant grazing. On the other hand, there are boundaries for the
borough where Peulhs live, who are cattle owners. But this livestock rearing is not of such a
scope as to give rise to conflicts between sedentary inhabitants and nomads because these
stakeholders are also involved in agriculture and market gardening thereby takes up a
substantial proportion of their livestock rearing activities. Yet it is important to take a
livestock rearing zone into account within the context of preparing and planning the works
involved in installing wind turbines. The reason for this is that the latter may come up against
a livestock grazing corridor, with this giving rise to tensions if the graziers have to seek an
alternative corridor.
5.10.4 Economic context
5.10.4.1 General context/economic activities
Since the devaluation of the CFA franc, which was decided on in January 1994 by the
Member States of the WAMU, growth has been sustained by the secondary and tertiary
sectors, and particularly the construction and public works sector, telecommunications,
agrofood industries and commerce, to the detriment of agriculture in the broader sense, which
is not very productive and is barely competitive due to difficulties accessing production
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factors, the high dependence on rainfall agriculture crops, inherent problems relating to seed
quality, and access to land and to local and international market openings, although it does
however still employ over half of the working population.
The primary sectors contribution to GDP grew 20% annually from 1980 to 1993 and only
14.6% from 1993 to 2008, marking a relative decrease of 6 points, settling at a level of 17.2%
in 2011. The secondary sectors contribution increased relatively by 3.5 points. As a matter of
fact, its contribution went from 16.5% in 1980 to 20% in 2008, reaching a level of 18.8% by
2011, marking a fall of about 1 point. On the other hand, the portion taken by the tertiary
sector in the broadest sense over the same period was on average 51.2%, increasing by just
0.4 percentage points in 2011, amounting to 51.6% (ANSD (National Statistics and
Demography Agency): Senegals Economic and Social in 2011). The informal sector makes a
major contribution to the national economy. It constitutes over 40% of GDP.
The Senegalese economy was hit hard by the repercussions of internal and external impacts
relating to the food, energy and financial crises that marked the decade running from 20002010. Economic activity slowed down substantially during the period from 2006 to 2009,
particularly due to a lack of rainfall, with an average growth rate of 3.3% in spite of an
average annual increase in national wealth of 6% during the 2003-2005 period, marking a fall
of approximately 3 points. The real GDP growth rate then settled at 4.1% in 2010, in spite of
persistent difficulties being noted, particularly in electricity supply and subject to the
international environments unfavorable conditions. Among other things, the energy subsector is marked by a weak offer, and the low quality provided by the electricity service,
along with both recurring and unforeseeable load shedding that hinders the performance
levels of economic activity.
Exports of goods and services increased relatively by 1.2 points between the 2000-2004 and
2004-2010 periods. In fact, respectively, they went from 5.6% to 6.8% annually. However, in
spite of this positive export trend, Senegals trade balance remained in the red during this
period. The trade balance deficit, due to the rising prices of imported products, entailed a
substantial deterioration of the current account deficit, which amounted to 6.4% of GDP from
2009 to 2010. The trade balance and current account deficits were respectively estimated to
amount to 978 billion CFA francs and 388 billion CFA francs in 2010.
The Senegalese economy suffers from shortcomings in terms of the quality and quantity of
infrastructures, the weakness of its industrial network, and a level of private investment that is
still not very high, particularly in the production sectors. However, with the major increase in
budget resources and the substantial contribution made by public development aid, the
investment rate more or less doubled over the 1986-2010 period. It reached 22.7% of GDP
which, for some economists, constitutes the prior condition for moving towards economic
emergence. Direct Foreign Investment experienced a resurgence of interest during the 20052009 period, but on average only constitutes 2.8% of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, which is
one of the various investment factors. Private investments were very dynamic over the 20042010 period in the secondary and tertiary sectors, particularly in telecommunications, mining
and tourism.
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Final consumption regularly increased over the last decade. Over the 2006-2010 period, it
increased 7.3%. The domestic savings rate went from 11.2% in 2000 to 7.0% in 2010,
amounting to a decrease of 4.2 percentage points. However, the national savings rate
increased approximately 4 points in terms of relative value over the same period, going from
13.4% in 2000 to 17.3% in 2010, which was caused by transfers of funds by expatriate
Senegalese workers.
Overall, inflation is under control. It does however feel the influence of fluctuations in the
world exchange rates for food products and energy sources. Indeed, the average variation of
the HICP (Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices) went from 1.5% between 2000 and 2006
to nearly 6% between 2007 and 2008, feeling the effect of the food and energy crises.
However, facilitating the easing observed in international rates, domestic prices returned to
more moderate growth rates. Thus, in 2010, they experienced a 1.2% increase after the 0.9%
fall posted in 2009. In the long term, inflation should be kept below the community ceiling set
by the WAEMU (3%).
The total government debt outstanding, which varied from 21.3% in 2006 to 34.4%% in 2010,
amounting to an increase of just over 13 percentage points, and remained substantially higher
than the community ceiling set (by the WAEMU) at 70% of GDP. In terms of budgetary
management, the State has kept a cap on public expenditure, whilst at the same time
maintaining social expenditures, in spite of a drop in revenue due to the downturn in
economic activity. However, the public deficit went from 2% of GDP to 4.5% of GDP from
2001 to 2010. (Source: Economic and Social Policy Document - DPES 2011-2015).
5.10.4.2 Employment and training (national context)
Within the economic sectors, employment shows geographic and gender disparities. Within
rural zones, women are mainly involved in agriculture and livestock rearing and they carry
out nearly 82.6% of the work, as opposed to 79.4% in the case of men. In the urban
environment, women consider the informal sector to be a worthwhile alternative because it
requires fewer skills and less specialization, as well as being more flexible and better adapted
to their financial capacities and their schedules. Consequently they continue to have a low
level of involvement in the formal sector. On the whole, women are under-represented in
qualified professions in that 75% of them are in unqualified occupations, as opposed to a
figure of 33% for men.
The labor offer has increased at a sustained rate over the last few years in Senegal, as the
growth rate for the working population of 15 to 64 years of age has increased 4% per annum
since 1988, which is approximately 1.6 percentage points more than for the population as a
whole. Due to migration flows, this rate is faster in towns (5.5%) than in rural areas (3%). The
average unemployment rate has increased 4.5 points annually from 2000 to the present day.
Over the last decade, informal enterprises were the main job providers, both in country areas
and in towns, while formal employment has more or less stagnated. 18.8% of young people in
the 15 to 29 year-olds age group are unemployed. In the rural environment, urban drift by
young people and women of working age is certainly the most obvious sign of the lack of
productive jobs.
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Employment characteristics vary enormously depending on the residential environment

(whether it is rural or urban). The rural employment market appears to be relatively
homogeneous. The population employed in the rural environment constitutes approximately
41.5% of people of working age in the country, 23.9% of whom are women. Within this zone,
laborers work for a longer period than in towns, particularly young people. Employment is
focused on the primary sector, in small farms. Approximately 80% of workers have their
primary occupation in agriculture, livestock rearing or forestry. Employment conditions are
extremely precarious. While the activities rates are, on average, higher in country areas the
rate is 35.8% in towns the majority of laborers are seasonal and only 25% of them have
permanent full-time work. The qualification levels of these laborers is very low as over 70%
of people (over the age of 15) do not yet know how to read, and this includes practically 90%
of women. The vulnerability of the workforce, which is partially unemployed and constitutes
4.7% of working people, is accentuated by the low levels of their qualifications.
Employment characteristics in the urban environment differ from those in the rural
environment. Employment there no longer seems as homogeneous as there is a greater
diversification of occupations. Unlike the rural sector, where the primary sector accounts for
almost all of the jobs, the main occupations in the urban environment are in commerce, which
accounts for approximately 34% of jobs, and this is where 60% of women are employed out
of an employed female population of 22%. In decreasing order of importance, commerce is
followed by the other market services, agriculture, livestock rearing, transport and
communication and the construction and public works sector which, overall, account for
approximately 60% of the jobs in the urban environment. The employment structure is more
or less the same in Dakar and the other towns in Senegal, with the exception of the weight of
the public administration, which accounts for approximately 8% of the total number of jobs in
the capital, while it is negligible in Senegals other towns.
In Senegal, the State remains the main source of financing for education and vocational
training expenditures. For over 10 years now, the State has devoted nearly 40% of its budget
to overcoming the lack of educational infrastructure by creating primary schools, middle
schools and secondary schools providing general education and technical and vocational
training at local level throughout national territory. Only financial accessibility poses a
problem for certain levels of the population, particularly rural ones, due to the high cost of
education and training borne by parents (enrolment costs, and purchasing textbooks and
stationery, among other things).
5.10.4.3 Employment and training (PAP - Priority Action Plan)
Like other local rural communities, the villages neighboring the borough of Taba Ndiaye
show the traits characteristic of a country economy that is highly dependent on agriculture in
the broad sense of the term. They do not depart from the homogeneous nature of employment
in rural areas, which is focused on the primary sector. 89.4% of the households surveyed are
in paid employment. Agriculture remains the dominant activity for households affected by the
project, with 54.5% of them working in this sector. Major shopkeepers constitute 21.20% of
the households. 10.60% are craftsmen and have small businesses. 18.20% offer transport
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services. Within the projects zone, women have a greater presence in agriculture (5%),
commerce (5%) and in cottage industries and small businesses (4.7%). Men have a greater
presence in these sub-sectors and are also employed in the transport service. About 4 men out
of 10 are in employment and only slightly more than 2 women out of 10 work, making for
respective workforce participation rates of 40% and 20.21%. The overall employment
participation rate (30.46%) of the villages near the project is very low compared to the level
for the whole of the borough of Taba Ndiaye (45.17%).
The producers in these locales mainly derive their incomes from producing cassava and
mangoes. Arboriculture, the production of tubers (which have become perennial crops), and
fruit and vegetable cultivation, have relegated growing peanuts and millet to being second-tier
cropping activities.
Incomes are relatively low in these villages near the projects site. Over half, or
approximately 60% of the households surveyed, have a monthly income (derived from their
main employment activities) of less than 150,000 CFA francs. Only 10% of them manage to
earn more than 150,000 CFA francs. Concerning secondary employment activities, 54.54% of
the households earn less than 120,000 CFA francs and 14% earn more than 120,000 CFA
francs. The reason for this situation is either the number of fields farmed and the varying
proportions of the harvests sold, or the declared incomes being under-estimated by the people
who were surveyed. In fact, 67.0% of the households use less than 3 fields for perennial crops
and 77.30% of them use less than 2 fields for seasonal crops, the surface areas of which
seldom exceed 3 ha. Concerning sales, 45.45% of households sell their production from
perennial crops and 60% of them market their harvests from seasonal cash crops, generally at
the farm gate, with prices exceeding 250 CFA francs per kilogram for mangoes in particular.
Concerning expenditures, 57.57% of the households use 60% of their income for food, which
is characteristic of poor countries.
The school infrastructure available for households in the borough of Taba Ndiaye are within
a reasonable radius. Education is offered. Indeed, there are day-care structures for
preschoolers, primary schools in the majority of the villages in the borough, local middle
schools, and literacy schools. However the enrolment percentage is very low in this locale
compared to the regional rate and even the national rate, which is over 75%. It barely exceeds
50%. Yet there is a potential demand. Indeed, in 92.42% of the households polled, there were
2 to 10 children of school age and, in 95.45% of the households, there were 2 to 10 children
attending school.
Paradoxically, 30.3% of the households have children who have received no education; 12.1%
have children who attend primary school; 9.1% of the households have children who are at
secondary school; 1.5% have children who have reached university, and 47.0% of the
households send their children to Koran schools.
By way of an explanation for this state of affairs, 92.4% of the households surveyed preferred
to give no response; 3.0% of the households thought it was due to financial constraints, and
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4.54% of them held that it was due to dropping out of school or because of having TV at
home, or they preferred their children to attend courses for studying the Koran.
Figure 35: Breakdown of children of school age
12.1%
3.0%
35. Of school age

3.0%
4.5%
31.8%
15.2%
30.3%
Under the age of 2
2 to 4 years old
4 to 6 years old
6 to 8 years old
8 to 10 years old
10 to 12 years old
12 or more years old
35.scolarisable
4,5%
3,0%
3,0%
15,2%
12,1%
30,3%
31,8%
Moins de 2
De 2 4
De 4 6
De 6 8
De 8 10
De 10 12
12 et plus
Figure 36: Breakdown for children attending school

12.1%
35. Attending school

3.0%
3.0%
5%
27.3%
19.7%
33.3%
Under the age of 2
2 to 4 years old
4 to 6 years old
6 to 8 years old
8 to 10 years old
10 to 12 years old
12 or more years old
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36.scolaris
1,5%
3,0%
3,0%
19,7%
12,1%
27,3%
33,3%
Moins de 2
De 2 4
De 4 6
De 6 8
De 8 10
De 10 12
12 et plus
5.10.4.4 Public health context

The borough of Taba Ndiaye does not have enough public health structures of an acceptable
level. Indeed, it only has health centres and health huts that are under-equipped and yet 80.2%
of the households in this zone state that they regularly frequent public health structures;
18.5% do however prefer to consult traditional healers and only 1.2% practice selfmedication. Approximately 41% of these households travel from 3 to over 7 km in order to
gain access to a public health institution of an acceptable level, and 21.2% of them travel 1 to
3 km in order to receive medical care. Some even travel as far as 15 km away in order to
reach a health centre that is of a higher level than a local health clinic or health hut.
Figure 37: Breakdown of the households therapy choices

39. Therapy
1.2%
18.5%
80.2%
Self-medication
Traditional therapy
Modern medicine
39.thrapie
1,2%
18,5%
Automdication
Tradithrapie
Mdecine moderne
80,2%

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At this level, it should be specified that the 18.5% who resort to traditional therapy only take
this treatment when modern medicine does not provide effective results. So it therefore
constitutes an alternative solution.
Health expenditures are too low in this locale; those households that spend more than 120,000
CFA francs annually constitute over 41% of the households surveyed. This expenditure
constitutes nearly 7% of the income of 60% of the households that earn less than 150,000
CFA francs per month.
Malaria, flu and nervous stress are the three main illnesses that most affect the populations of
these villages adjoining the projects zone, followed by diabetes and gastric illnesses.
5.10.4.5 Infrastructure and services
The borough of Taba Ndiaye is not isolated. It has a tarred road and red earth tracks for
agricultural produce which are in good condition and link practically all of the villages under
the local authority. In all seasons, the locale is serviced by intercity transport along the tarred
road that passes from the north to the south in-between the two cities in the Department,
namely from Tivaouane to Mboro.
All of Taba Ndiayes villages are covered by the network run by the three telcommunications
operators established in Senegal.
The water network consists of boreholes and sheltered wells. Many villages are served by
piped water networks, either run by the Senegal Water Company (SDE) or the firm ICS. The
access rate to potable water supplies is nearly 70%, which is much lower than the figure set
by the 2015 MDG (Millennium Development Goals), which is 82%.
The households in the villages neighboring the project have very easy access to potable water.
The households that have one tap in the home constitute 87.9% of the sample; 12.1% of the
households get their water from public taps, and only 3% of them draw water from wells. The
cost of water is relatively low for 63.63% of the households, which pay 1,000 CFA francs to
6,000 F. CFA every two months. Only 15.2% spend more than 6,000 CFA francs per month.
Figure 38: Breakdown of the potable water drinking supply sources
49. Source
2.9%
11.8%
85.3%
Public tap
Home tap
Borehole
Well
Stream
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In spite of the proximity of the ICSs Taba installations and the rural electrification program,
many households in the borough do not have access to electricity, particularly those
neighboring the projects zone. Indeed, 63.6% of the households surveyed use candles (25.8%
of the households), oil lamps (6.1%), solar energy (4.5%) or torches (62.1%). Those
households that have electricity only constitute 34.8% of the sample. For cooking purposes,
firewood remains the most widely used energy source for 98.5% of the households. Those
households that use charcoal or butane constitute 7.6% and 37.9% respectively.
Figure 39: Breakdown of the households that have electricity
43. Electricity
1.5%
34.8%
63.6%
No answer
Yes
No
43.electricit
1,5%
34,8%
Non rponse
oui
non
63,6%
Figure 40: Breakdown for household lighting methods

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45. Lighting
47.1%
25.3%
3.4%
4.6%
19.5%
No answer
Candle
Oil lamp
Solar energy
Torch
45.clairage
25,3%
47,1%
Non rponse
Bougie
Lampe ptrole
Energie solaire
Lampe torche
19,5%
3,4%
4,6%
Of the households in the villages neighboring the projects site, 87.9% have latrines (69.7% of
the households have modern latrines and 16.7% have traditional latrines). The villages have
not set up an organized night soil collection system. Of the households polled, 81.8% stated
that they dump their waste at illegal tips; 10.6% incinerate it; and 25.8% throw the waste out
the back of their homes. It is estimated that 4.5% of the households bury their waste.
Figure 41: Breakdown for the types of toilets in households
55. (mot illisibe)
13.6%
16.7%
69.7%
No answer
Modern toilet
Traditional toilet
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Sewage in this zone poses a real public health issue. Most of the households in this zone
either dump wastewater in the street (65.2%) or behind their homes (30.3%). There are no
authorized waste collection companies in these locales.
5.10.4.6 Standard of living
The populations living in these various villages have diverging assessments of their living
standards. Those who consider their living conditions to be average or low are the most
numerous. They constitute at least 98% of the households polled.
The results of the surveys perfectly demonstrated this. Given that some households use 60%
their income on food, and 7% of their income to deal with their health needs (not forgetting
education-related costs), there are not many remaining financial resources left over for any
improvement whatsoever of their living standards.
Generally, in addition to access to productive resources like land, which has become an
intractable issue in this zone, the level of training and access to basic social services are
perceived by the local populations as being priority indicators of their well-being. The survey
results showed that these populations encounter difficulties when it comes to sufficiently
farming fields in order to improve their incomes, which verge on being inadequate. Nearly
60% of the households polled earn less than 150,000 CFA francs.
Figure 42: Households assessment levels for their living conditions
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
HIGH MEDIUM
LOW
40
ELEVE
20
MOYEN
0
FAIBLE
ELEVE MOYEN FAIBLE
5.11 NOISE ENVIRONMENT: NOISES AND VIBRATIONS

5.11.1 Methodology
Under the framework of this study, the approach adopted is based on two major stages:
Document-based research
Consultation of documents on the noise impacts of wind farms
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The review of the documentation was structured based on two types of documents:
Documentation on the noise impacts of wind farms which enabled firstly the types
of noise sources related to wind turbine installations to be identified and secondly
the potential impacts. It contributed to a better understanding of the phenomenon
of noise generated by wind turbines.
Documentation on regulations providing the framework for assessing and dealing
with noise pollution linked to wind turbines. This stage is devoted to identifying
all the requirements and other legal requirements applicable to the noise aspects of
wind turbines.
Drawing up equal-loudness contour charts.
5.11.2 General points
The measurements were carried out using a calibrated Voltcraft SL-451 sound meter in Slow
mode, with the Min./Max. functions deactivated. Generally speaking, the measurements were
carried out instantaneously with a view to monitoring the environment. For this reason,
certain climatic factors including wind were considered at a relatively low speed reference
level in order to avoid causing disturbances to the sound meters microphone as much as
possible.
Due to the objectives assigned to the study, no listing was made of the equipment items.
Consequently, the approach consists of defining the general ambient environment in terms of
noise pollution at the time the study was carried out and of making projections based on the
noise emergence levels of the wind turbines to be installed.
5.11.3 Noise measurements
The noise measurements were carried out on 5, 6 and 7 December 2012. The noise
measurements carried out do in fact just relate to assessing noise pollution with a view to
compiling a noise map. The approach consists of identifying the closest houses, or in other
words, the ones that are most susceptible to, or are even exposed to, the impacts of noise
pollution linked to operating a wind farm. What is also involved is determining the impact of
the wind and the topography on exposure to noise. This approach makes it possible to draw
up the initial acoustic state in order to determine the potential situation of the future
installation. To sum up, the measuring campaign features three main stages:
Identifying the closest houses, or in other words, the ones that are the most exposed
and susceptible;
Calculating the noise levels based on reducing the impacts as a function of doubling
the distance.
Analyzing the noise emergence, which makes it possible to compare the residual noise
levels and the noise levels calculated to determine the installations noise emergence.
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5.11.4 Mapping approach

Drawing up the noise maps in accordance with the reference terms was carried out in 4 stages:
Stage 1. GPS readings;

Stage 2: Data processing;
Stage 3: Exporting and digitization of a background image;
Stage 4. Actually drawing up the maps.
5.11.4.1 The GPS readings

The GPS readings were carried out at the same time as the noise measurements in order to
indicate the precise locations where they were conducted. We were able to reference fifty or
so waypoints, covering nearly all of the surface area of the power station. Tracks were also
recorded via GPS in order to delineate the property boundaries.
5.11.4.2 Data processing
The data gathered were then processed using GPS processing software (Easy GPS). The
waypoints and tracks were then converted into Kml format, Google Earth format, and
Shapefile format, which is the format recognized by mapping software.
5.11.4.3 Exporting and digitization of a background image
The data processed were then displayed on Google Earth to check that they appear at the right
locations on the Google image for the zone. Then the image was exported so it could be used
as a map background so that the land-use details could be digitised (locations of the wind
turbines, village housing boundaries, etc.). After this digitization stage, we drew up the noise
maps.
5.11.4.4 Actually drawing up the maps
Drawing up noise maps is based on the noise measurements carried out. Firstly, we carried
out an interpolation according to the Nearest Neighbor method. The result obtained is an
image covering the whole of the study zone, upon which you can read a noise value at any
point.
These values were then sorted using the Manual classification method. This method enabled
us to define the intervals and to extract the four (4) noise levels matching the colour codes.
Then, we did the layout for the various maps.
5.11.4.5 The equipment used and the human resources
The equipment used for making readings consisted of one (1) Garmin GPSMap 60 Cx with an
accuracy of 3 m.
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ArcGIS software was used for making the maps. It is modern software that is widely used in
the field of cartography. It features all of the Cartographic and Geographic Information
System (GIS) functions.
5.11.4.6 Cartographic tools execution
This entails making maps and illustrations in the form of buffers.
A map of the footprints/space requirements

A map showing the spatial distribution of the wind turbines at ground level
A summary map illustrating the impact of the vegetation and relief on noise pollution;
A general summary map for the whole of the wind farm.
Buffers were used in order to firm up the safety distances separating the most
susceptible/exposed houses and the installation reference points for the wind turbines. There
were two types of buffers:
Initial acoustic state buffers
Buffers illustrating the potential noise levels after the wind farms have started up their
activities.
5.11.5 Difficulties
Constraints were noted in the waypoint readings even though they had no major impact on the
results. To a great extent, they were to do with difficulties in gaining access to certain parts
and also to do with disruptions in noise levels due to cultural events being held in certain
villages.
5.11.6 Regulatory framework
Due to the nature of the future activities and the specific nature of the technology, various
regulatory reference levels in terms of assessing and managing the noise risk were considered
under the framework of this study. Analysis of the regulatory framework is based on:
Identifying the national legal requirements applicable to the wind farm project;
Identifying other international legal requirements applicable to noise pollution linked
to wind turbines.
Identifying other requirements in the form of good practices in terms of taking into
account the effects of noise under the framework of wind farm projects.
5.11.6.1 The Senegalese regulatory framework
Analysis of the national regulatory framework specific to noise pollution linked to wind farms
shows that there are next to no regulations in this field. Given that the work consists of
carrying out an environmental and social impact study of the wind farm project, several levels
may be considered depending on the various stages of the project.
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Worksite installation and construction phases

5.11.6.2 Workplace Health and Safety
This regulation is based on the Workplace Health and Safety aspects. The Senegalese
regulations in terms of work station exposure, and particularly Decree No. 2006-1252 of 15
November 2006 sets the minimum prevention requirements for certain physical
environmental factors;
Article 14 (Chapter IV, Noise) of Decree No. 2006-1252 of 15 November 2006 states that
The daily noise exposure level experienced by a worker throughout his working day must
not exceed eighty-five (85) A-weighted decibels (dB(A)).
If it is not technically possible to reduce the daily noise exposure level below 85 dB(A), the
employer must make suitable individual protection equipment available to employees. The
employer must also make sure that this equipment is actually used.
This limit of 85 dB(A), which is required for the use of individual protection equipment, may
be lowered depending on the nature of work (intellectual or other sorts of work) requiring
concentration.
Article 13 states that The noise exposure level must be as low as possible and remain within
an intensity limit that does not run the risk of adversely affecting the health of workers, and
particularly their hearing.
During the operational phase
The regulatory references for property boundaries as defined by the Environmental Code will
be taken into account. Thus, on property boundaries, for round-the-clock exposure (24 hours a
day), the regulations, referring to the Environmental Code, Article R 84, Title IV, require that
the maximum thresholds must not exceed 55 to 60 dB during the daytime and 40dB at nighttime. The property boundaries concept refers to the closest houses or the houses that are most
susceptible/exposed.
To sum up, it should be noted that the specific regulatory framework for noise pollution from
wind farms is next to non-existent. For this reason, the French regulations concerning
neighborhood noises, based on the concept of the noise emergence value, are also considered
with the context of this project, but as a good conduct code rather than as a set rule.
5.11.6.3 The French regulatory framework
Due to the fact that there are next to no regulations on wind farms in Senegal, the French
regulatory framework was used within the context of this study. Moreover, the French
legislation concerning wind turbines is governed by the common system of neighborhood
noises based on the concept of noise emergence levels.
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Section 3 of the Public Health Code defines the minimum requirements for taking
neighborhood noise into account. Article R1334-31 emphasises the need to ensure that the
surrounding neighborhood is quiet for any type of project: Due to its duration, repetition or
its intensity, no particular noise should disturb the peace and quiet of the neighborhood or
human health either in a public or private location, whether a person is himself the source of it
or the noise is made via the intermediary of a person, a thing that he has in his keeping, or an
animal that he is responsible for. Article R1334-32 introduces the concept of emergence
noise by setting the following thresholds for characterising neighborhood noise. These
emergence noise threshold limits are 5 dB(A) during the day, in other words from 7 am to 10
pm, and 3 dB(A) during the night (10 pm to 7 am); a corrective term of a psychological nature
in decibels is added to these thresholds, depending on the total period over which a particular
noise arises.
5.11.6.4 Effects on health
Noise
Noise is likely to lead to disturbances for subjects regularly subject to high noise levels.
Normally, two types of effects are distinguished:
General effects: These manifest themselves in increased stress levels, nervous tension,
and insomnia. A rise in blood pressure and a faster pulse rate have also been noted, as
well as digestive disorders;
The effects specifically on the hearing of the people subject to the noise. Temporary
hearing loss (a warning sign) or permanent hearing loss (irreversible deafness) have
been diagnosed.
These effects only occur when the daily noise dose over 8 hours (LEPd - daily noise
exposure level) is higher than 85 dB(A). It was demonstrated that the level of 65 dB(A) (at
daytime) is often considered to be a threshold for discomfort and fatigue. But the discomfort
felt will depend on the location you are in (you are more likely to tolerate a noisy environment
in a public place than in a bedroom for example), the noise source, and the individuals
involved.
For the wind turbines project at hand, the noise levels likely to be perceived by people living
nearby are at low levels. They are 40 dB(A) depending on the intensity of the wind, a low
value in relation to the value of 65 dB(A); which corresponds to a calm level and provides
the possibility of carrying out a conversation where you are speaking normally.
The Environment and Health Ministries called on Afsset (the French Agency for Social
Security, the Environment and Labor) to conduct a critical analysis of the report by the
National Academy of Medicine assessing the repercussions of operating wind turbines for
human health: its conclusions were published in March 2008.
It seems that the noise emissions from wind turbines are not sufficient to generate direct
public health consequences as far as the effects on hearing are concerned. No available
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public health data has made it possible to observe any effects linked to exposure to low
frequencies and infrasound generated by these machines. Inside homes, with the windows
closed, you either do not note any disturbance or their consequences are unlikely given the
noise levels perceived.
Concerning outdoor exposure, Afssets conclusions are as follows: these noises may,
depending on the circumstances, cause discomfort, which is sometimes exacerbated by factors
other than noise factors that have an influence on the acceptance of wind turbines (their
aesthetic appearance, landscape development, etc.).
The case of infrasound
The effects resulting from a sound wave depend both on the power of the noise level (in
dB(A)) and its frequency (in Hertz). It will be recalled that a frequency entails a certain
number of oscillations per second.
The human ear can only perceive noise events within a frequency range and noise levels that
are well-defined. For a young, healthy individual, this range is between 20 and 20,000 Hertz.
Below 20 Hz is the infrasound range, which is not usually audible to humans; however,
infrasounds may be perceptible under certain conditions.
Typical sources of infrasounds are wind noises, storms, large items of industrial machinery,
urban traffic, aircraft, and numerous other items forming part of our daily lives. Wind turbines
undoubtedly produce infrasound, as the emission sources are aerodynamic (the most
important ones) and they are mechanical in nature.
Pursuant to a request from the APSA (Association for the Protection of Les Abers) made to
the French Ministry of Health and Solidarity, the National Academy of Medicine studied
whether there was a harmful effect by wind turbines on health, and particularly infrasound. In
its report dated February 2006 entitled The Repercussions of Operating Wind Turbines on
Human Health, the Academy held that the production of infrasounds by wind turbines is, in
their immediate vicinity, well analyzed and very moderate, posing no danger to people.
Above and beyond a few meters away from the machines, the infrasound produced by wind
turbines quickly becomes inaudible and has no impact on human health.
During maintenance
Maintenance activities also generate one-off noises. However, these are more of concern to
the maintenance workers (see Appendix I: Hygiene and Safety Instructions) than to people
living near the wind farm. Noise measurements were carried out by the pinal & Greater
Regional Association of Workplace Health (an unaccredited body according to the terms of
Article 3 of the Order of 19 July 2006), in order to:
Carry out an assessment of maintenance workers exposure to the noise risk;

Assess the harmfulness of noise for workers;
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Interim Report
Orient employers towards collective prevention measures and, failing that, individual
ones in order to eliminate or reduce the noise risk.
The measurements were carried out on Thursday 8 October 2010, during maintenance of a
wind turbine, using an exposimeter placed on a workers body. The measurements made it
possible to determine the daily noise exposure level (what is involved is the weighted average
during the noise exposure time over a nominal working day lasting eight hours) (LEX,d) the
peak acoustic pressure level, which is the level of the maximum value of the instantaneous
acoustic pressure, measured with the C frequency weighting C. (Lpc).
In accordance with Article R4431-2 of the Labor Code, the exposure limit values for these
two variables are as follows:
87 dB(A) for the daily noise exposure level;

140 dB(C) for the peak acoustic pressure.
The daily noise exposure level measured during maintenance was 86.6 dB(A), with a peak
acoustic pressure of 131.4 dB(C).
By way of a conclusion, the noise exposure level linked to maintenance is lower than the
acoustic power of the Vestas V112/117/126 3.3 MW wind turbines when they are running,
and consequently this activity will not cause any noise pollution for people living nearby.
5.11.7 Noise pollution assessment
5.11.7.1 Gathering noise data: reporting and database
Before tackling the aspects involved in gathering, analyzing and interpreting data, under the
framework of a project like this, it is important to establish a typology of wind turbine noise
sources. Indeed, the documentation review makes it possible to distinguish two noise sources.
Noises of mechanical origin, entailing marked noises downwind from the wind
turbine but which are practically inaudible upwind at distances exceeding 200 meters;
Noises of aerodynamic origin, which primarily relate to the swishing of the blades as
they spin in front of the tower.
Moreover, it should be noted that these two types get mixed up the further you get away from
the wind turbine. In light of the average distance to the houses, which is greater than 1,000
meters (with one exception: the western zone of Maka, which is about 975 m to the north
and is therefore not downwind of wind turbine E39), we will not make any distinction
between the two types of sources under the framework of this study. The analysis will focus
on characterising noise due to operating a wind farm.
For the purpose of gathering the noise data itself, several types of reading points were
identified. What is involved are:
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Interim Report
1.
2.
3.
4.
Property boundaries at the Tobne station;

Reference points at the ends of each row of wind turbines;
Points 100m away from each reference point;
Points at the houses that are most exposed or susceptible;
Table 33: Noise data at the property boundaries of the Tobne station
Zones/Reference
points
Property boundaries
at the Tobne power
station
GPS co-ordinates
X
Y
291103
1664552
299623
1659761
299625
1659712
299630
1659668
299633
1659634
299633
1659611
299352
1659585
Table 34: Noise data at the reference points (mild wind)

Zones/Reference points
Day co-ordinates
E 38
100m E 38
Minam (the closest/most
exposed/most susceptible
houses E38)
E 31
100 m E 31
Baty Gueye5(the closest/most
houses E31)
E 39
100 m E 39
Baty Ndiaye6 (the closest/most
houses E39)
Maka Gaye Bye (the
closest/most exposed/most
susceptible houses E43)
E 30
100 m E 30
Taba Santhie (the
Noise levels in dB(A)
Noise
levels in
dB(A) daytime
298895
298896
1660615
1660583
299032
295134
300477
1659486
1660691
1666364
46.4
52.1
294362
289523
282391
1660022
1659390
1659384
45.5
42.1
42.5
293678
1659550
46.8
289937
293875
293893
295504
1660431
1661969
1661993
1662215
42.5
41.6
41.9
48.8
54.4
52.2
50.3
Night co-ordinates
X
Nighttime
noise
levels in
dB(A)
299032
1659486
37.8
289937
1660431
39.2
48.4
38.8
36.6
5 No night-time measurements could be taken due to religious events.

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Interim Report
closest/most exposed/most
susceptible houses E33)
E 19
100 m E19
Xelcom Diop (the closest/most
houses E23)
E 18
100 m E 18
Taba Ndiaye (the closest/most
houses E22)
Diambalo (the closest/most
houses E01)
E 01
100 m E 01
Balsande (the closest/most
houses E11)
E 09
100 m E 09
Ndomor (the closest/most
houses E08)
Taba Mbaye7
1662215
39.0
1662008
1661983
40.7
42.1
41.9
295504
289373
289410
292206
296166
296141
1663228
1664586
1664573
41.7
40.3
42.3
292206
1663228
39.2
297985
1664166
40.7
297985
1664166
39.0
293196
2935559
293853
1667168
1666412
1666300
41.5
41.5
41.7
292922
1667231
39.2
291009
296166
297985
1665528
1664586
1664166
291005
1665541
299161
298302
1666473
1661495
299161
1666473
41.9
39.2
41.8
41.4
39.0
38.4
39.8
Map 8: Presentation of the polarised zone
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Interim Report
,000000
292000
300000
DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE DU PARC EOLIEN

PAR RAPPORT AUX ETABLISSEMENTS
HUMAINS ET AU RESEAU ROUTIER
!
(
Gokho
Darou Dia
,000000
DAROU KHOUDOS
!
(
MEOUANE
Diambalo
!
(
!
(
!
(
!
(
,000000
Taiba Ndiaye
Khelkom Diop
!
(
!
(
!
(
Taba Santhie
!
(
E19 E20 E21 E22 E23 E24 E25 E26 E27 E28 E29 E30
- - - - - - - - - - - -
!
(
!
(
Bal Diop
Daf 1
Djingu Siss
E31 E32 E33 E34 E35 E36 E37 E38
Maka Gaye Bye
- - - - - - - -
!
(
E39E40E41E42E43E44E45E46
1656000
!
(
Maka Dieng
K. Megune
!
(
Bati Guye
!
(
Bati Ndiaye
Keur Madiagne
!
(
Mbayne
!
(
Thial
PIR
!
(
Keur Mabaye
!
(
!
(
Selko
Keur Bakar
!
(
!
(
Eoliennes
Localits
Taiba Ndiaye
Limites commune
Piste large
Rte reg bitume
Route (D702)
Pistes
,000000
292000
CHERIF LO
NOTO G DIAMA
300000
,000000
,000000
WGS 84. Zone 28 N
Ndoyne
!
(
!
(
--------
!
(
Daf 2
Taba Mbaye
!
(
Conception :
Juillet 2015
Gad
1664000
!
(
Source de Donnes :
Donnes GPS
(HPR, 2015)
Ngomne
E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E16 E17 E18
K. Demba Li
(
K. Modou Maya !
DAROU KHOUDOS
!
(
Ndomor Diop
- - - - - - - - - -
Ndiop Saw
!
(
Thiss
!
(
--------
1656000
,000000
Km
1664000
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8
Saw Mekhe
!
(
Balsande
,000000
5.11.8 Supports
Summary of the French regulatory requirements
1. The measurements are carried out in terms of the weighted equivalent continuous
acoustic pressure;
2. The neighborhood noise regulation is based on the concept of the emergence noise
value. According to this regulation on neighborhood noises, there is no violation
when:
The ambient noise providing a backdrop to the particular noise incriminated is
less than 30 dB(A) on the premises of the neighbour in question;
For an ambient noise greater than 30 dB(A) on the premises of the neighbour,
the emergence of the incriminated noise is less than 5dB(A) at daytime (7 am 10 pm) and 3dB(A) at night-time (10 pm - 7 am).
This second condition will be considered, given that the ambient noise is greater than 30
dB(A) in the initial state before the project. This means that the potential noise levels will be
calculated in order to determine the emergence noises and thereby assess the level of
regulatory compliance.
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Interim Report
The Senegalese property boundary regulation specified in the Environmental Code considers
55 to 60 dB(A) at daytime and 40 dB(A) at night-time.
For these regulatory references, the following example provides an illustration in terms of
orders of magnitude, enabling positioning of the noise levels likely to be perceived by the
houses most exposed and even those that are most susceptible.
Table 35: Orders of magnitude of the noise levels likely to be perceived by neighbours
Wind turbines
electric power
dB(A) reference
acoustic power
1MW
105
Potential noise
level at 100 m
dB(A)
55
The equivalent
of a normal
spoken
conversation
Potential noise
level at 500 m
dB(A)
40
A living room
where the
people are
reading
Potential noise
level at 1,000 m
dB(A)
32
A bedroom
where people
are resting
Source: Guide for the wind farms environmental impact study
5.11.9 Interpretation of the results

5.11.9.1 Initial acoustic state
Establishing the initial acoustic state is based on identifying the points that are most
susceptible or even exposed. It enables a reference situation to be drawn up for these various
reference points.
Table 36: Level of regulatory constraint for each exposed point
Reference points
Villages concerned
Daytime noise
level
E38
Minam
36.6
E31
Baty Gueye
45.5
E39
Maka Gaye Bye
42.5
E46
Baity Ndiaye
46.8
E31
Taba Santhie
40.7
E27
Xelcom Diop
41.7
E18
Taba Ndiaye
40.7
E01
Diambalo
41.9
E08
Ndomor Diop
39.0
E09
Balsande
41.9
Night-time noise
level
37.8
39.0
39.6
39.0
39.0
39.5
39.0
39.2
38.4
39.2
Analysis of the initial acoustic state shows that the zone polarised by the wind farm project is
not noisy because the values recorded match the profile for a living room where the people
are reading in term of the orders of magnitude during both the daytime and night-time. Thus,
for regulatory compliance of the wind farm project, the noise emergence level must not
exceed 5 dB(A) during the daytime and 3 dB(A) at night-time. As the night-time constraint is
tighter, the study will be devoted to that.
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Interim Report
Map 9: Breakdown of the noise levels for the initial acoustic state
,000000
290000
,000000
295000
!
(
!
(Darou Dia
NIVEAUX SONORES ACOUSTIQUE

(JOUR)
Diambalo
!
(
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8
NIVEAUX SONORES
EN DBA
!
(
!
(
Thiss
!
(
Taiba Ndiaye
Khelkom Diop
!
(
!
(
!
(
K. Demba Li
K. Modou Maya
!
(
Taba Santhie
!
(
!
(
E19 E20 E21 E22 E23 E24 E25 E26 E27 E28 E29 E30
- - - - - - - - - - - -
!
(
Taba Mbaye
!
(
Bal Diop
!
(
E31 E32 E33 E34 E35 E36 E37E38
- - - - - - - -
Maka Gaye Bye
!
(
Bati Guye
Source de Donnes :
Donnes Sonometre
(Hpr Ankh, 2014)
!
(
E39 E40 E41 E42 E43 E44 E45 E46
- - - - - - - -
,000000
Bati Ndiaye
!
(
Mbayne
Keur Madiagne
!
(
!
(
Conception :
Juillet 2015
285000
1660000
,000000
,000000
E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E16 E17 E18
- - - - - - - - - -
Ndiop Saw
- Eoliennes
1660000
!
(
Balsande
!
(
Localits
WGS 84. Zone 28 N
- - - - - - - - Ndomor Diop
Saw Mekhe
!
(
1665000
1665000
,000000
40,81- 41,15
41,15 - 41,49
41,49 - 41,84
41,84 - 42,18
42,18- 42,52
42,52 - 42,86
42,86 - 43,20
43,20 - 43,54
43,54 - 43,88
43,88 - 44,23
,000000
,000000
285000
Keur Mabaye
!
(
290000
4 km
,000000
295000
,000000
CAPTION => specify the (dB(A)) unit in the Table and round it to 0.1 dB(A).
5.11.10 Determining the potential noise level
Assessment of the potential noise levels is based on two stages:
1. Assessment of the safety distances: this consists of determining the distance separating
each reference point with a reference wind turbine point.
2. Calculating the potential noise levels is done based on technical specifications
concerning noise pollution laid down by the manufacturer. The approach consists of
considering the technical specification concerning noise and applying the reduction
according to the distance away. These data, combined with the safety distances, make
it possible to assess regulatory compliance.
5.11.11 Assessment of the setback distances
Table 37: Level of regulatory constraint for safety distances
Reference
Sensitive points
Distance in m
points
E1
Diambalo
1,410
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Interim Report
E10
E11
E11 (E13)
E23 (E29)
22
E23 (E24)
E43 (E44)
E33 (E34)
E35
E34
E42
E50
Ndomor Diop
Balsande
Khelcom Diop
Khelcom Diop
Taba Ndiaye
Maka Gueye Bye
Maka Gueye Bye
Taba Santhie
Taba Santhie
Baity Gueye
Minam
Baity Ndiaye
1,475
1,280
1,343
1,250
1,866
1,576
1,041
1,568
1,538
1,020
1,137
1,327
Map 10: Location of the wind turbines in relation to inhabited zones (a setback boundary of 1,000 m was drawn
around the inhabited zones in light pink).
However, the effects of noise pollution can be reduced via the following technical aspects of
the project:
The distance between two wind turbines is approximately 450 m.
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Interim Report
The technical characteristics of the wind turbines8;

The local climatic factors, particularly the wind speeds, with the average wind speed
being around 5.6 m/s at ground level, and particularly the technical characteristics
intrinsic to the type of wind turbines to be installed under the framework of the
project;
The method used for occupying the relatively spread-out space.
All of these considerations may bring the neighborhood noise levels down within the
regulatory ranges.
5.11.12 Potential noise pollution assessment
Assessment of the noise pollution in operational situations is carried out based on technical
specifications concerning the operational characteristics and the data concerning sound
emissions. The following data enable this noise pollution to be assessed.
5.11.12.1
Operational characteristics
Rated power: 3,300 kW

Minimum wind speed: 3 m/s
Nominal wind speed: 13 m/s
Shut-off wind speed: 22.5 m/s
Restart speed: 20 m/s
Under the framework of this assessment, the average wind speed is considered to be
approximately 5.6 m/s, which is rounded to 6 m/s.
Table 38: Average monthly wind speeds at the site in 2008 at an altitude of 50 meters
Month
Average
speed
(m/s)
February
March
April
May
June
Average
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.1
3.0
5.64
Source: National Meteorology Division
These wind data will be combined with the sound emissions of the projects wind turbines
and the data concerning the orders of magnitude for noise levels likely to be perceived by the
neighbours.9
5.11.12.2
Acoustic emissions according to Vestas (V126 HH117 m, Noise Mode 0)
3 m/s 94.7 dB(A)

8
The technical characteristics will be adopted in the potential noise pollution assessment.
9Guide de ltude dimpact sur lenvironnement des wind farms, Ministre dudevelopment Durable et de
lEcologie en France. cf. rappel sur les exigences rglementaires au point II.2.1

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Interim Report
4 m/s 98.6 dB(A)

5 m/s 103.0 dB(A)
6 m/s 106.7 dB(A)
7 m/s 107.4 dB(A)
8 m/s 107.5 dB(A)
Under the framework of this assessment, the wind data at 6m/s approximately match an
acoustic power of 107 dB(A).
Vestas V126 3.3 MW wind turbines have the following acoustic power levels:
Summary:
The wind speed considered: 6m/s
Reference acoustic power: 105 dBA
Potential noise level at 100m = 55 dBA; the equivalent of a conversation where people are speaking
normally
Potential noise level at 500 m = 40 dBA; the equivalent of a living room where people are reading
Potential noise level at 1000 m = 32 dBA; Refers to a bedroom
Table 39: Noise level of the wind farm as a function of the safety distances
Reference
Villages
Minimum distance
Daytime noise
points
concerned
to the closest wind
level measured
turbine in m
(dB(A))
E1
Diambalo
1,410
41.5
E8
Ndomor Diop
1,475
39.0
E9
Balsande
1,280
41.9
E12
Khelcom Diop
1,075
>41
North
E27
Khelcom Diop
1,250
41.7
South
E18
Taba Ndiaye
2,620
40.7
E22
Maka Gueye
1,160
>41
Bye
E39
Maka Gueye
975
42.5
Bye
E30
Taba Santhie
2,030
40.7
E31
Taba Santhie
1,530
40.7
E31
Baity Gueye
1,380
45.5
E42
Minam
1,175
>40
E46
Baity Ndiaye
1,300
>40
Night-time noise
level measured
(dB(A))
39.2
38.4
39.2
39.0
39.5
39.0
39.0
39.6
39.0
39.0
37.8
39.0
The impact of the noise levels linked to the wind turbines at the points/houses that are most
susceptible or exposed is insignificant. Even if you apply the principle of breaking down the
equipment items noise levels, the thresholds to be reached will be substantially lower than
the limits relating to the French regulation on neighborhood noise or the property
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Interim Report
boundaries under the Senegalese Environmental Code. Also, still taking the noise levels
breakdown phenomenon into consideration, you realise that the emergence noise levels are
lower than 5 dB(A) in daytime and 3 dB(A) at night-time.
5.11.13 Recommendations
In terms of recommendations, two major actions must be implemented.
During the worksite installation and construction phases:
Follow the regulations relating to dealing with work station noise risks;
Inform worksite staff and raise their awareness about the hearing and other impacts of
using certain worksite machinery within the context of such a project;
Provide all workers with appropriate hearing protection.
During the operational phase:
Check the noise environment around the wind farm.
5.11.14 Conclusion
Generally speaking, implementing the wind farm will have very little impact in terms of noise
pollution on the houses that are most exposed and/or susceptible. By comparing the technical
specifications of the wind turbines in terms of noise pollution to the advantages provided in
improving the living standards of the local populations, we may consider such a project to be
quite innovative in terms of the development of wind production technologies.
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Interim Report
ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTS SENSITIVITY
Converting raw environmental data into sensitivity levels is an essential stage in the
procedure. Defining the various stakes involved (landscape, heritage sites, ecological and
other such stakes) enables the sensitivity of the projects sites to be assessed. The
environmental data, translated into sensitivity levels, can then be categorized into several
levels:
o
o
o
o
low sensitivity
medium sensitivity
high sensitivity,
very high sensitivity.
Table 40: Assessment of the sensitivity of the various components in the projects environment
THEME
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
STAKES COMPATIBILITY
WITH
THE
PROJECTS ZONE
LEVEL
PROJECT
Geology
The overall context is linked to that of
P
A relatively flat area: the altitude levels
the Senegal-Mauritanian Basin.
range from 33 to 60 meters.
The local geological context for
establishment of Niayes (dune systems): a
succession of basins and unconsolidated
dunes.
A Niayes context with high groundwater.
Pedologic
resources
Groundwater
An interesting level of diversity in

terms of pedologic resources is noted in
the projects zone: Dior soil, Deck-Dior
soil, Deck soil, and Dior-Dior soil.
The
numerous
hydrogeological
formations are exploited via traditional
wells and boreholes
The presence of Deck-Dior soil suitable

for arboriculture and cash cropping
The presence of Deck soils rich in organic
materials suitable for market gardening.
Potable groundwater throughout the
villages affected by the project and the
environs.
High groundwater (between a depth of 17
meters to 66 meters) is exploited via
traditional wells: DWS, agriculture and
livestock rearing.
Surface
water
There are no long-term water supply

points at the projects site or in its
surrounding environment.
Groundwater held in Lutetian limestone is

exploited via boreholes: DWS, agriculture
and livestock rearing.
No long-term water supply points on-site
and/or in the zone of influence.
There are numerous temporary pools
which become depleted a few months
after the last rains.
Natural
risks
Flooding of basins or low-lying areas.
The market garden basins are filled by

surface water during the rainy season.
Flooding of basins or low-lying areas
(proximity to the high groundwater).
Shifting dunes subject to collapse.
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Interim Report
THEME
PROJECTS ZONE
STAKES
LEVEL
COMPATIBILITY
PROJECT
WITH
THE
Crops are attacked by pests: worms,

termites, ants, etc.
Crops are attacked.
Collapsing sand dunes.
Sensitive
zones
The only listed area in the project zone

is the Pire Gourye area (listed under
Order No. 1857 of 5 May 1946) which
brings together nineteen (19) villages.
Flora and
vegetation
The species encountered at the site and

in the surrounding environment have
Sahel-Sudan
phytogeographic
affinities: falling within the 350 and
600 mm isohyets.
No sensitive area has been noted in the

immediate zone of influence of the
projects sites. The only PF under the
projects influence is that of Pire Gourye.
PF dominated by a palmyra grove.
Existence of a bird migration corridor
(between the PNOD (Djodj National Bird
Park) and the islands of Sine Saloum).
Presence of three (3) endemic species
(Crotalariasphaerocarpa,
Polycarpaea
linearifolia and Vernoniabambilorensis)
of Senegalese flora.
The presence of three (3) threatened
species (Borassus aethiopum, Adansonia
digitata, Faidherbia albida) or species
that may pose a threat to other Senegalese
species.
The taxonomic spectrum (the site and

the surrounding environment) indicates
128 species belonging to 99 genera,
split into 41 families. The Poaceae
(Graminae) family is the most diverse
one, with 18 species, followed by the
Fabaceae-Faboidae family which has
17 specific taxa. The Indigofera genus
is the most diverse one, featuring 7
species.
The presence of eight (8) species

(Adansonia digitata, Borassus aethiopum,
Elaeis guineensis, Faidherbia albida,
Grewia bicolor, Prosopis africana,
Tamarindus
indica
and
Ziziphus
mauritiana) that are partially protected by
the Senegalese Forestry Code.
The presence of types of trees that have
multiple uses (Adansonia digitata,
Borassus aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis,
Faidherbia albida, Grewia bicolor,
Prosopis africana, Tamarindus indica and
Ziziphus mauritiana, etc.) some of which
are protected by the Forestry Code and are
listed as protected Senegalese flora.
Fauna
The fauna encountered at the projects

site and in the surrounding environment
mainly consists of birds or avifauna.
The inventory mentions the presence of
The presence of a type of tree of proven

value to the eco-system.
The presence of numerous birds from four
species fully protected by the Hunting
Code.
The presence of three species of mammals
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Interim Report
THEME
Population
PROJECTS ZONE
25 families split into 39 genera and 39
species. The dominant families are:
Columbidae (12.82%), Accipritidae and
Ploceidae (7.69 % each). The
Apodidae, Coracidae and Psittacidae
families each account for 5.13%. The
rest of the families inventoried each
account for 2.56 %.
STAKES
LEVEL
The estimated population of the Rural

Community is 24,114 inhabitants; the
breakdown for the population of the RC
of Taba Ndiaye is 47.97% males and
52.02% females, with 60% of the
population being young people from 0
to 19 years of age.
COMPATIBILITY
WITH
THE
PROJECT
listed in Appendix I of the 2011 version
of the CITES Convention (Mungos
mungo, Ichneumia albicauda and Canis
aureus).
The presence of five birds featured in
Appendix II (1) (Milvus migrans, Tockus
erythrorhynchus,
Tockus
nasutus,
Bubulcus
ibis
and
Poicephalus
senegalus).
There are ten (10) villages, the closest of
which are 1.2 km to 1.5 km away.
Of the 39 villages comprising the RC of

Taba Ndiaye, 10 villages are affected
by the project.
Socioeconomic
activities
The closest housing sites are 1.2 and

1.5 km from the projects sites.
The greatest cash crop continues to be
manioc (cassava), which covers nearly
65% of the surface areas, while millet
(20% of the cultivated surface areas)
and black-eyed peas (5% of the
cultivated surface areas) are food crops,
followed by market gardening and
other seasonal and perennial crops,
particularly mangoes.
Strong presence of agricultural activities:

arboriculture, market gardening, rainfall
agriculture, etc.
Low presence of grazing
extensive livestock rearing.
N
activities:
The presence of species of plants that

have multiple uses and are exploited by
the local populations.
Grazing activities are dominated by

semi-intensive grazing.
Infrastruct
ures
Picking activities have been developed

with the exploitation and sale of forest
products.
The only infrastructures at the site and
in
its
immediate
surrounding
environment consist of the investments
made by concessionaries (Senelec
(Senegals
national
electricity
company), SDE (the national water
company), and Sonatel (the national
telco) and a few personal investments
in agricultural lands.
The
presence
of
overhead
and
underground lines belonging to Senelec.
The
presence
of
numerous
concessionaries: Senelec, Sonatel and
SDE: overhead and/or underground
networks.
The presence of boundary
established by the operators.
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Interim Report
hedges
THEME
PROJECTS ZONE
Transport
The main ways of getting around are

sandy rural tracks: main ones and
secondary ones.
The projects zone is located in the
Sahel-Sahara climatic area, falling
within the 350 and 600 mm isohyets.
Climatolog
y
STAKES
LEVEL
COMPATIBILITY
WITH
THE
PROJECT
The presence of traditional wells (known
as canes) in market garden basins, set
up by farmers.
The presence of numerous production

tracks: main tracks and secondary tracks.
Maximum low wind speed: 2.8 m/s from

September to October.
Maximum speeds from march (4.1 m/s) to
May (4.06 m/s)
Key:
P: Positive
N: Negative
High
Medium
Low
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Interim Report
VARIANTS ANALYSIS
Adopting a classic operational and design approach, the execution of this project at a preselected site calls on standard techniques both in terms of equipment and how it functions.
To achieve this, the studys immediate focus was on developing a single variant adopted
beforehand.
This variant will be dealt with in greater detail in the following sections.
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Interim Report
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
Public consultation is aimed at ascertaining the points of view and opinions of the
neighboring communities, particularly those that will be affected by the project. It enables any
conflicts with the public to be avoided, helps identify innovative solutions, and helps increase
the publics trust in the developer.
Likewise, consultation of the stakeholders enables better acceptance of the project, improving
the benefits, and reducing its negative consequences.
8.1
THE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
8.1.1
The principle of the consultation and of its objective
Consulting the public plays a part in Environmental and Social Impact Studies aimed at
involving the public in the decision-making process by involving institutional stakeholders
like technical departments and local elected officials as well as members of the general public
and key stakeholders in ground-level communities, whether individuals or groups.
The objective targeted is to integrate their perspectives before the event, along with their
concerns and recommendations as a part of decision-making and in the procedures for
implementing a project.
It seeks to create a dynamic involving the exchange of views in order to make the project
viable in the long-tern by being inclusive of the knowledge and experiences of various
categories of social stakeholders. On the one hand, it makes it possible to ensure a projects
viability, and on the other hand it ensures its social acceptability.
8.1.2
The methodology and implementation of the consultation
As a part of this dynamic, the methodological approach adopted in this study concerning the
establishment of a wind park in the Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye by the company
Sarreole is qualitative. Indeed, the qualitative approach is better adapted to enabling an
understanding of the dynamics of the sentiments and statements made by the stakeholders
regarding the project.
With a view to this, the technique used is an interview-based survey which, through the
exchanges that it establishes, enables in-depth, detailed exploration of the questions asked.
These interviews were conducted based on a semi-directive interview guide. Indeed, this tool,
which uses themes and questions, identifies the guiding thread for the discussion between the
researcher and the stakeholders and provides an intermediary for exchanges.
8.1.3
The stages involved in the consultation:
While carrying out this mission from 22 to 28 December 2012, between Dakar and This, the
following stakeholders were consulted:
The National Technical Directorates, namely:

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Interim Report
8.2
8.2.1
The Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments;

The Civil Defence Directorate;
The technical services of the This Region, namely:
The Regional Division of the Environment and Listed Establishments;
The Regional Directorate for Rural Development;
The Regional Water and Forests Inspectorate;
The Regional Development Agency;
The Regional Development Directorate;
The Sub-Prefect of Ouadiour;
The Borough of Taba Ndiaye;
The populations of the villages of Diambalo, Balsande, Taba Ndiaye, Taba Mbaye, Baty
Ndiaye, Baty Guye, Minam Diop, Mbayne, Khelkom Diop, Taba Santhie, Maka Gaye
Bye and Ndomor Diop.
Two people claiming ownership of land at the site where the unit will be established.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL SERVICES

Perception of the project
The national services consulted did not raise any limitations that might prevent completion of
the wind farm. This is due to the fact that the environmental impact study had been carried out
and all the major aspects had already been identified and handled. For the DEEC Along with
the length of the supports and the blades, there have been changes in the positioning of the
wind turbines so that the local populations will experience impacts different from what was
initially measured. On the other hand, the distance of the wind turbines from the houses does
not exempt the developer from implementing measures for managing the possible impacts.
Indeed, as the socio-economic situation shows, the majority of the population living in the
borough of Taba Ndiaye work in the agricultural sector, which implies regular foot traffic in
the fields where the rows of wind turbines are located. However, there is much more to it than
that. Following on in this line of thinking, it is absolutely essential to boost vigilance and
strengthen safety by stressing prevention measures. This measure will be implemented just as
much for construction as for operational purposes. This is why the Civil Defence Directorate
deems it necessary to also offer a reminder that the local populations do not necessarily
have any knowledge of this type of installation: hence the need for caution both whilst
carrying out the work and during the operational stage. Likewise The depth at which the
cables will be buried is good (1.80-2.00 m) because that way there can be no possible direct
contact with members of the public, in addition to which there is no fire risk or risk of starting
a bush fire along the line. But this does not mean that the buried cables should be neglected
given that they may be adversely affected by stormwater run-off.
Along other lines, they mentioned the minor risks entailed and the advantages of such a
project. Indeed, operating this type of installation does not generate atmospheric pollution,
although there is noise as a result of the blades spinning. Each time the blades go past the
tower, they make a whooshing noise. Significant impacts are expected during the execution
of the works. The DEEC offers the following reminder: Concerning the impacts of the
execution of the works on the environment, everything will depend on the period, depending
on whether it is in the rainy season or in the dry season. As mentioned above, the reason for
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Interim Report
this is agricultural activities (perennial crops, seasonal crops) which bring people out to the
fields. Consequently, various sorts of obstructions along the usual corridor should be
expected. These may cause disruptions to the local seasonal calendar and adversely affect
production. Payment and the effect of expenses10 will then depend on the period involved in
the installation activities: hence the impacts of a socio-economic nature.
To the contrary, positive social stakes are expected through the jobs that will be generated by
the project. It was recognized that: It is an important project that may help public institutions
in the locale, such as the community hotel, schools, health structures, cultural centres, etc. to
have free electricity.
8.2.2
Expectations of the national services consulted and their recommendations
Safety-related aspects of the installation works

Reinforcing protection of the buried cables in order to avoid them rapidly becoming
worn out from rainwater;
Placing indicator plates so that people using the tracks are informed that there are
underground cables there, as is done for pipelines;
Installing lightning rods in order to prevent lighting strikes, even if this is not easy to
ascertain;
Marking out work zones with fluorescent strips while the installations are being
installed;
Making personal protective equipment available to each employee.
- Following legal procedures
Following regulatory procedures;
Sending the Environmental Directorate the new terms of reference for validation,
which will not be complicated provided that the key work has been done;
Taking account of the fact that there must be different management measures in
place for each technical change.
- Support measures for the construction and operational phases
Adapting the nature of the installation activities to the season as, after all, the
payment of expenses stemming from them will depend on it;
Committing to a good awareness-raising and communication strategy because the
local populations are not familiar with these installations.
- Social measures
Employing local labor;
Supplying free electricity to local public structures.
10
An effect understood to be a loss of assets caused by the project. These assets may be high-value and depend
on their profitability.
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8.3
STAKEHOLDERS AT GROUND LEVEL
8.3.1
The stakeholders perception of the project:
The assessment that the stakeholders have of the project for the establishment of a wind farm
in the Borough of Taba Ndiaye is positive overall. Indeed, understanding of it follows on
directly from the efforts to be made by public authorities and the private sector in order to
reduce the electricity shortage, the economic and social consequences of which cannot be
ignored by anyone. Certain points of view stated regarding this issue point towards an
analysis highlighting the energy crisis context, which calls for a diversification of supply
sources, as is apparent in the following statements:
"My opinions remain unchanged regarding the work carried out. Overall, I believe that this is a
good project that will help solve problems within Senelec, which is experiencing some difficulties.
We must assist Sarreole, which is a partner of the State, in taking up the challenge of providing a
good electricity supply." (The Sub-Prefect of Mouane)
"As an economic and social development actor, we are aware that only renewable energy sources
can get Senegal out of certain difficulties, but it took us a long time to work this out... We do no
have oil or gas, so if we are offered wind energy, that is excellent news, even though I would have
preferred solar energy. This means that people have become aware of the fact that the future lies
in renewable energy sources." (Director of the Regional Development Agency).
"We think that it is an excellent project insofar as it involves making up for the energy shortage in
Senegal. Establishment of the project in our borough is a point of pride for the local population."
(An inhabitant of Minam Diop)
Although this view is very widespread among the stakeholders, we do, however, note a
certain degree of disappointment among certain residents in the locales concerned. This is due
to the fact that the existence of this wind farm in their Borough does not guarantee them
access to the electricity service. This point of view, stated by a number of stakeholders from
villages in the projects zone of influence but which are not electrified, is sustained by the
following view: "Producing electricity in our borough and reselling it to other people without
it serving us is abnormal...". In reality, electrification is felt to be a pressing need and some
people think that this project should constitute an opportunity for fulfilling it.
Furthermore, the other factor which places a damper on this approval of the project without
undermining its social acceptability is the fact that the project will have an impact on socioeconomic activities, particularly food production and sources of income from growing fruit
trees and gathering agro-forest products. Indeed, the total estimated space requirement for the
wind turbines is 7 hectares, on top of which there is the length of the tracks, which is about 35
km, which, according to all of the stakeholders, constitute a loss of earnings for the people
affected by the project and the surrounding area in general. The person who illustrated this
position the best was the Regional Director of Rural Development when he stated: "We are
particularly worried about the land aspect with the increase in the surface area allocated to
the project even though these spaces are occupied by fields and orchards... We are fearful of
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Interim Report
a decline in production... these populations generally earn around 2 million annually by

harvesting whereas the compensation amounts only cover one years harvest."
Moreover, the consequences of the presence of the wind turbines and the development of
tracks on the configuration of the ecosystem in general constitute another source of concern
for the stakeholders.
For all these reasons, they recommended a range of measures that may enable better
management of the project in order to facilitate its integration into the environment:
8.3.2
The concerns about the project:
As was mentioned in the part devoted to acceptance of this project, even though it has a good
level of social acceptability, it has, however, raised fears and concerns regarding balances in
the natural and human environments. Indeed, the establishment of 46 wind turbines and
nearly 35 km of red earth tracks is raising concerns. Generally speaking, as it turns out, these
concerns are on several levels:
- Risks relating to the adverse effect on the natural environment, and particularly:
Pollution with liquid wastes like dead oil, and particularly PCBs and grease;
Noise and olfactory pollution through the sounds and unpleasant odours created by the wind
turbines, which may have an impact on insects carrying out pollination;
Atmospheric pollution from the dust kicked up from the red earth during the phase involving
laying of the tracks and their use;
Increased pollution due to the chemicals from the Taba ICS site;
The loss of plant cover due to fruit trees, scrub, and protected species like the Alida acacia being
cut down;
- Risks linked to the disruption of socio-economic activities and living conditions, such as:
A loss of agricultural production and income due to the colonisation of lands used for growing
crops, with all this occurring within a context where there is great pressure on land in the Rural
Community of Taba Ndiaye, accentuated by the presence of ICS and MDL;
Impoverishment of the local populations due to a poor compensation policy for the losses brought
about by the project involving either insignificant compensation amounts or due to the volatile
nature of money, which places local populations in vulnerable situations;
The risk of single-crop farming becoming generally established with mango trees due to the gap in
the method of compensation for fruit trees and bare land (land that is lying fallow or land where
harvests have already been completed)
A fall in the productivity in the areas around the paths due to the dust kicked up during
construction or due to vehicle traffic;
The generation of waste along the edges due to tailings being deposited in fields outside the area
taken up by the wind turbines and the tracks;
Obstruction of farmers movements during the phase when the tracks are laid;
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Interim Report
An adverse effect on human health due to the hazards attributed to living alongside wind turbines;
The risk of accidents due to falling towers, blades breaking off, or even becoming detached from
their rotors;
8.3.3
The expectations and recommendations made by the stakeholders
The expectations and recommendations made by the stakeholders provide guidelines with a
view to mitigating the impacts identified or compensating for them fairly and equitably. But
they are also motivated by the desire to see the local populations really derive benefit from the
presence of these infrastructures intended for harnessing wind energy. Consequently,
according to the two categories of impacts feared, the suggestions are structured based on the
following two main avenues:
Orientations intended to reduce or provide compensation for the impacts on the

natural environment: The measures recommended are mainly aimed at reestablishing plant cover. What will be involved is:
Fulfilling the administrative formalities which regulate cutting down trees and particularly permits
for protected species and paying taxes;
Thinking about revegetating while delineating the land taken up by the wind turbines by using
rows of replanted trees that do not excessively get in the way of their operations;
Planting neem trees or gmelina trees on both sides of roads and tracks at regular 15 meter intervals
in order to keep the environment intact: this belt of trees could protect the local population from
dust.
Other aspects come into play in relation to this category of impacts and in particular relate to
pollution risks due to dead oil and PCBs. With a view to this, the Head of the Regional
Division of the Environment and Listed Establishments informed us that these aspects were
discussed during validation of the first study and that adequate proposals were made with a
view to getting these issues under control.
Measures intended to mitigate the impacts on living conditions, limit the impacts on
socio-economic activities, restore subsistence resources, and support the
communities with a view to furthering their social progress:
With a view to mitigating the impacts on the standard of living, it was recommended that:
The negative and positive effects be compared and that the local populations should have their
awareness raised about the impacts;
The expansion of villages should be taken into account by allowing for a greater distance from
man-made structures (1,500 m for example);
Roads be developed along the routes of the tracks in order to limit the dust raised;
With a view to preventing people from being placed in vulnerable situations, it was suggested
that:
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Interim Report
Discussions should be held with the people affected by the project in order to find common
ground for satisfactory compensation;
The scale be raised substantially;
What should be envisioned is establishing market garden boundaries that are in particular
equipped with water infrastructures and splitting up the land into different plots with a view to
sharing it out among the various people affected by the project;
Farmers should be helped to intensify production by boosting capacities in terms of cropping

techniques and production resources (inputs);
Production should be secured by setting up processing units;
Sources of income should be diversified by promoting activities that generate income;
Nurseries should be established, working in collaboration with the Water and Forests services and
groups of women, in order to replace the trees cut down with a view to correcting this imbalance,
particularly by planting fruit trees;
Here the main stake relates to the annexing of spaces enabling the local populations to ensure
their subsistence and derive income. This issue was particularly well articulated by an elected
official from the Rural Community of Taba Ndiaye, who put it in these terms: "We have
worries about fair and equitable compensation of the local populations who annually earn
50,000 to 100,000 francs CFA per mango tree, whereas the compensation allocated generally
only covers one years harvest".
Lastly, with a view to supporting the communities via social support measures enabling the
positive impact of the presence of this project to be felt, the following orientations are set out:
Help the local authority to reduce social demand;
Recruit local labor while giving priority to the families of people adversely affected by the project;
Strengthen the capacities of staakeholders regarding follow-up actions and particularly training in
professions related to wind turbines;
Think of training local craftsmen to carry out certain sub-contracting activities and thereby enable
them to derive benefit from the project;
Envisage electrification of the boroughs villages that do not have access to this service;
Assist villages by building schools, classrooms, health structures, water infrastructures,

commercial infrastructures, and maintaining and refurbishing places of worship;
Help people to cover the energy bill for boreholes;
Help women to purchase millet mills;
Support female entrepreneurial activities;
Facilitate access to credit by supporting the microfinance Economic Interest Grouping.
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8.4
COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION CONCERNING THE PUBLIC

CONSULTATION
The opinion shared by the various stakeholders regarding the project for establishing a wind
farm in the Borough of Taba Ndiaye is that it will enable a substantial improvement of
electricity production in Senegal, with a contribution of 153.75 MW annually being foreseen.
Although certain inhabitants of the Rural Community were upset by the fact that their villages
cannot benefit from this long-awaited service, there is an understanding of the projects
objective, which is to contribute to reducing the electricity supply shortage which is severely
hampering the nations economic and social life.
In terms of impacts, the stakes linked to the implementation of the project have not changed
regarding the issues raised. Firstly, what is involved is the allocation of economic resources to
ground-level communities by annexing lands used for subsistence crops and as sources of
income from growing cash crops and picking produce enabling the households to ensure their
survival. With a view to this, the gap between the losses brought about and the small amounts
of the sums paid by way of compensation constitute the main grievance in relation to the
compensation efforts. Thus, what is hoped for is a reassessment of the rates applied for
covering people adversely affected by the project in addition to support measures aimed at
enabling the people affected to escape from the trap of becoming impoverished; these are the
strong expectations expressed by the stakeholders.
In addition to which, the presence of the wind turbines is fuelling fears regarding health and
safety impacts on local populations in the projects zone of influence. However, an
improvement in relation to the projects layout plan entails an increase in the wind turbines
setback distances in relation to the closest villages by about 500 meters. In spite of
everything, the Head of the Regional Division of the Environment and Listed Establishments
suggested improving the distance between them and the latter houses by at least another 500
meters, making provision for the future growth that the human settlements will surely
experience in the medium and long term, establishing them at least 1,500 meters away.
The presence of red earth tracks also constitutes another concern due to the risk of generating
dust which will adversely affect the environment, living conditions, and the well-being of
local populations. In response to this issue, what is recommended is planting a green belt to
act as a screen along the roads, which may help to contain the dust kicked up. The paths along
which cables are buried will have to be clearly marked. These rows will also make it possible
to forestall the safety risks which may be increased by houses being too close to the rows of
wind turbines. From another perspective, the execution period for the works will be the
determining factor for reducing socio-economic impacts. The reason for this is the harvesting
period and the extent to which seasonal crops have grown.
Moreover, the safety of the local populations and animals may be compromised during the
works execution phase. For those populations, fluorescent strips should be set up. But for
animals, monitoring will be necessary, which at the same time involves raising the awareness
of local populations.
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Interim Report
Lastly, the creation of the wind farm is prompting concerns regarding the loss of plant cover
and management of hazardous waste such as PCBs, which are the main sources of impacts on
the natural environment. To this end, basically what is recommended is revegetating the zone
by targeting forestry species and maintaining the procedures approved for managing dead oil
at the time of the initial studies, which proposed satisfactory solutions enabling revalidation
by the technical committee.
Table 41:Summary of the concerns of the various staakeholders and the state of management in the
description of the project or the ESMP (Environmental and Social Management Plan)
4
5
Fears/Concerns
The risk of a lowering and

loss of agricultural production
and income due to the
colonisation of land used for
growing crops, particularly
within a context where there
is pressure on land in the
Rural Community of Taba
Ndiaye, accentuated by the
presence of ICS and MDL.
The risk of impoverishment
and food insecurity stemming
for a poor compensation
policy giving priority to fruit
trees such as mango trees, to
the detriment of food crops
which, in the long term,
would give rise to the
development of single-crop
farming.
The risk of conflict that may
result for not factoring in
damage along boundaries
committed to farms owned by
third
parties
during
construction or operations.
The risk of obstructing the
movements of farmers during
the track laying phase
Risks of accidents for the
local populations frequenting
the zone where the wind
Stakeholders
Technical
Services
Local
communities
/Elected
officials and
populations
YES
YES
YES
YES
-----------------
YES
YES
-----------------
Factored Level
to
in
which they
(Yes/No) are factored
in
(Description
of
the
project or
ESMP)
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Interim Report
Details of
the
response
(Response
made to
the
concern)
8
9
10
11
12
13
Fears/Concerns
turbines are established and

where
the
underground
electric cables are due to their
proximity to their farms, with
this applying both during
construction and operations.
The risk of accidents due to
towers
falling,
blades
breaking or even becoming
detached from rotors
The risk of pollution with
liquid waste such as dead oil,
and particularly PCBs or
grease.
The risk of underground
cables becoming worn due to
contact with run-off.
The risk of noise pollution
and olfactory pollution due to
the sounds and unpleasant
odours caused by the wind
turbines which may have an
impact on human health or on
insects
performing
pollination.
The risk of atmospheric
pollution due to laying and
using red earth tracks.
The risk of a loss of plant
cover due to cutting down
fruit
trees,
scrub,
and
protected species like the
Alida acacia.
Risks of lightning-related
incidents.
Risks
of
accidents
to
employees
during
the
construction phase as well as
due to maintenance activities.
Stakeholders
Technical
Services
Local
communities
/Elected
officials and
populations
YES
YES
YES
------------------
YES
------------------
YES
------------------
YES
YES
YES
------------------
YES
-----------------
YES
-----------------
Factored Level
to
in
which they
(Yes/No) are factored
in
(Description
of
the
project or
ESMP)
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Interim Report
Details of
the
response
(Response
made to
the
concern)
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS OF THE

PROJECT
9.1
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Wind energy is one of the cleanest of existing forms of energy sources. It produces no
atmospheric emissions.
Nevertheless, wind energy is associated with environmental impacts given that the execution
of any project affects the environmental and human spheres.
9.1.1
Renewable energy production
The option of producing wind energy to build up the electric power production capacities
testifies to the desire of the Senegalese authorities to promote the diversification of energy
sources and reduce the country's dependency on fossil energies.
It is therefore clear that the advent of the wind turbine in the energy gap reduction strategy is
a huge step towards adopting clean energies. This demonstrates, if this was indeed necessary,
a strong commitment to a sustainable energy policy concerned about protecting the
environment and future generations.
9.1.2
Denaturation of landscaped areas
Although the aesthetics of a wind turbine is a matter of taste that cannot be decided
objectively, local residents normally fear visual degradation to the sites in question.
A wind turbine or a wind farm located in a landscape never leaves someone indifferent. This
monumental scale contrasts with the human scale of elements already in the landscape.
The visual impact of a wind farm on the landscape will often be linked to:
the size of wind turbines;

their number;
the meteorological conditions;
the distance between the observer and the wind turbines;
the visual obstacles.
The wind project should define the best landscape scheme and combine with the farming
landscape of the Taiba Ndiaye area to help it gain acceptance.
9.1.3
Noise exposure
One of the greatest myths about wind turbines is the noise they generate. Wind turbines make
a noise, however not very much.
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The audible noise is caused by the wind sliding along the blades and by the generator.
Nevertheless, new blade and generator technologies have reduced noise levels significantly.
It is therefore possible to stand at the foot of a wind turbine tower and carry on a normal
conversation without raising ones voice.
9.1.4
Wildlife and birdlife and their habitat
The two wind farms could disturb the wildlife in a variety of ways, mainly the populations of
reptiles and other small rodents found in this sector and the herpetofauna11. These animals are
therefore likely to be disturbed when the wind farm is being erected. However, functioning
wind turbines should not cause significant disturbance in the operating phase.
Wind turbines cause very few bird deaths compared with several other mortality factors. Most
birds avoid the turbines according to existing studies.
9.1.5
Land use
The land of the Taiba Ndiaye rural community and the environmental impact zone of the
project is mainly used for agricultural-pastoral and arboricultural purposes. The installation of
a 46-generator-strong wind farm will certainly disturb the spaces given over to production
activities by the local populations.
9.1.6
Local and regional economy
The implementation of various phases in the project to install a wind farm with 151.8 MW
power will without doubt increase commercial transactions, all the more so that the site and
requirements of the operations will necessitate the purchase of goods and services as well as
the hiring of labor and staff accommodation sites. To this end, it is to be hoped that the
villages polarised by the wind farm - especially those of Mbayne, Baty, Guye, Taiba
Ndiaye and Same Ndiaye - will benefit from the first economic impact from this project.
Beyond that, new trades linked to the manufacture of wind turbine components can be
anticipated in the This region.
9.2
SOURCES OF IMPACT
An onshore wind farm comprises the following components: a set of wind turbines and their
foundations, an access route and an inter-turbine service track, an underground cable network,
a power sub-station, a transformer unit inside or outside each wind turbine and a connection
cable to the grid.
11
Amphibians (frogs, toads and salamanders) and reptiles (snakes, etc.).

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Interim Report
Figure 43: Descriptive diagram of an onshore wind farm (scaling ratios not representative)
Determining sources of impact will involve identifying and defining the activities of the
project to install two tranches totaling 46 wind turbines likely to alter the physical
environment or have an impact on the components of the biological and human environments.
This determination is based on the technical description of the project and knowledge of the
environment. They are also drawn from documentary research into similar wind projects
executed elsewhere (benchmarking) in the world (i.e. Europe and North America).
The sources of impact under this study are classified under erection, operating and
decommissioning phases.
9.2.1
Erection phase
The sources of impacts during the erection phase relate basically to the following activities:
work to prepare two sites accommodating 46 wind generators and the plant;
opening up access roads to the mast installation sites;
civil engineering works, mainly excavations, foundations, etc.;
assembly of wind generator components;
construction of sub-stations;
car and construction equipment traffic; and
commercial activities of purchasing goods and services.
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9.2.1.1 Preparatory work

Expropriation works (access roads and wind farm plinths) of the fifty or so wind turbines will
mean clearing trees and undergrowth (about fifteen acres per machine, i.e. slightly less than 7
ha for 46 wind turbines with technical rooms) and will inevitably disturb the surrounding
ecosystems, mainly the biodiversity and biophysical environments.
9.2.1.2 Opening up access paths and power line trenches
Existing rural roads will be widened or rerouted to facilitate the transport of wind turbine
equipment to the various areas of the wind farm and allow smooth progress of site activities,
mainly:
preparing hoisting and lifting platforms and site traffic areas;
tree clearance,
levelling work (cut and fill), installation of draining ditches;
foundations on the ground;
access tracks and roads to be constructed based on needs to adapt to the configuration of the
Taiba Ndiaye area;
preparing cabling network footprints;
etc.
The table below gives an idea of the spaces required to install wind generators.
Table 42: Orders of magnitude of footprints for an onshore wind farm
Description
Onshore wind farm
Hoisting and lifting platform surface area
About 1000 m2 per wind turbine
Ground surface area for foundations
About 300 m2 per wind turbine
Access track and road characteristics (to be

created based on pre-existence of tracks and
roads)
About 5 m wide, minimum bend radius of 30 m
Cabling footprint
About 60 cm wide and 1 m deep
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Excavation and foundations

Preparing the wind turbine plinth and foundation and burying the cable network will involve
excavating foundations wide enough to accommodate the concrete casting that will keep the
towers stable. In the same order, trenches should be excavated for the underground cable
network.
This construction work will disturb soil stability and water drainage slightly.
9.2.1.3 Raise wind turbines

Raising a wind turbine is a long operation that can take more than three months. In addition to
foundations, the wind turbine constituent components have to be brought on site, the mast and
nacelle assembled and the rotor fitted. This is a huge operation necessitating the use of sturdy
machinery.
Figure 44: Assembling the nacelle
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Figure 45: Fitting the rotor (formed by the hub, the cone and three blades).
9.2.1.4 Construction of sub-stations

When connecting to the high-voltage grid (HTB), a high-voltage transformer unit (or source
unit) is required at the foot of the high-voltage line. The wind farm can also have related
components such as a meteorological measurement mast, material and tool storage area,
technical room, car park with reception and information area, etc.
9.2.1.5 Transport and traffic
The preparation activities inevitably result in increased numbers of humans directly in the
area of influence and far away from the wind farm project. As stated above, the roll-out of the
site logistics and the transport for equipment and personnel specific for the works will mean
an increase in lorry traffic, especially on departmental road 702 and the roads linking the 46
wind generators.
Purchase of goods and services: One of the direct impacts of the erection of the wind farm
will be seen in the local and regional economy through increased trading and commercial
activities. Immediate benefits are anticipated for the local surrounding populations and the
supplies of goods and services in the This region.
9.2.2
Operating phase
The sources of impacts during the operating phase of the 46-generator-strong wind farm are
as follows:
9.2.2.1 Impact of the operation of wind turbines on the ambient noise level
Given the sound levels of modern wind farms (about 60 dB at the foot of a wind turbine, 45
dBA 300 m above the ground), no impact on the hearing system is envisioned. It is nowadays
agreed that no health impacts from infrasounds have to date been shown in humans (even at
high exposure levels), that the exposure "of the population to the noise of wind turbines is
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comprehensively below the threshold of 70-80 dB" and that "no risk of direct harm to hearing
is envisioned".
Figure 46: Mitigation of the noise according to the distance away from the wind turbine
In addition, the noise of the wind turbine and its perception depend on several factors:
intrinsic, linked to the wind turbine and its acoustic power, the size of the farm, etc.;
dependent on the topography, soil type, geometry of the wind turbine and the
"receiving" location;
dependent on the weather (wind, hygrometry) encouraging the propagation of the

sound;
relating to the surroundings (vegetation, rocky substrate, earth, etc. which absorbs or
reflects the noise in varying degrees);
In practice, it is difficult to perceive the noise of a wind farm more than 500 meters away, but
the annoyance exists, nevertheless. This annoyance is explained only very partially by the
acoustic factors (about 30 to 40%); the non-auditory effects that can be envisioned are
basically psychological.
Still according to the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety
(AFSSET), the noise level is (in 2007):
near wind turbines: in the range of noise levels of land transport infrastructures
away from sources: in the range of residual (or background) noise levels and partly in
the infrasounds, including a low frequency proportion. Psycho-acoustic laboratory
studies on the description of the noise emitted by wind turbines show that whistling
and effects of beating to be the most disturbing, above all if they are perceived as
bursts of noise; the annoyance could also be generated or increased by subjective
factors, including the feeling of lack of information and consultation and/or a lesser
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acceptance of the presence of the wind turbine deemed a blot on the landscape or a
disturbance to birds. Research into how to make wind turbines less noisy is on-going.
The simulations for "particularly prejudicial emission and propagation conditions"
show a relatively low noise compared with the natural background noise as soon as
there is sufficient distance from the source and major variations according to the
scenario chosen. AFSSET therefore concluded that a minimum regulatory distance
was not relevant and that the problem should be dealt with case by case through
impact studies.
Thus, the sound impact of wind turbines is an offshoot of different factors, including the
acoustic power of wind turbines, their arrangement, their technological choices, their number
and their operating modalities. Their foundations, the distance between them and the nearest
buildings and the background noise level also play a significant role.
Experience shows that the noise is not excessive when the dwellings are located more than
300 meters from the nearest turbine. Several countries, including Sweden, have adopted
certain standards:
45 dB (A) maximum at an isolated country house.

40 dB (A) maximum in an urban area.
45 dB (A) maximum 400 meters from the turbine.
9.2.2.2 Impact of the presence and operation of wind turbines on birdlife and wildlife
The impacts from wind farms on the biodiversity mainly affect birds and bats and vary
according to the species, seasons, environments, the size of the wind farm and wind farmers
that can impact on:
mortality
Depending on the configuration, the location of farms and methods used, between zero and
forty birds and bats are killed per wind turbine per year.
disruption
The wind farm is likely to disrupt the operation of an environment and reduce its attraction for
certain species. During migrations, the presence of wind turbines in the migratory path
normally causes by-pass reactions, which increase the difficulty of the journey.
loss of habitat
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Birds from open environments avoid approaching the wind farms. This avoidance distance
increases with the size of the farm. Intense, repeated disturbance can cause a lasting loss of
habitat. For some species, the presence of numerous wind farms cause total desertion of the
area.
9.2.2.3 Impact of the presence of wind turbines on the landscape
Although the aesthetics of a wind turbine is a matter of taste that cannot be decided
objectively, local residents normally fear visual degradation to the sites in question.
A wind turbine or a wind farm located in a landscape never leaves someone indifferent. To
overcome all subjectivity, the wind turbine must be considered as a new form of extremely
large building, therefore visible from afar. Each installed wind turbine will be 125 to 150 m
tall maximum, made up of a tower 80 to 100 m tall and blades 50 m long. This monumental
scale contrasts with the human scale of elements already in the landscape.
Figure 47: Representation of a wind turbine in the landscape
The visual impact of a wind farm on the landscape is linked to:
the size of wind turbines
their number
the meteorological conditions
the distance between the observer and the wind turbines
the visual obstacles
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The risk of alteration to land habitats from the construction and operation of onshore wind
turbines is limited given their low ecological footprint. The main visual impact will mainly
come from an alteration to the natural landscape.
9.2.2.4 Impact of maintenance work to the wind farm
Routine maintenance work to the wind farm and motors could occasionally pollute the soil
through spillage of hydrocarbons. A VESTAS wind turbine contains about 1000 l oil in its
gearbox and about 140 l oil for the various components requiring lubrication.
It goes without saying that an accidental leakage of this significant amount of oil could cause
substantial soiling in line with the masts as well as runoff and contamination of bodies of
water and/or underground resources when the oils are discharged after their final use.
Thankfully, recovery systems (containment systems and catchers) are planned in these same
wind turbine parts, thereby avoiding soiling of soils following occasional spillages. The
highest risk will be during wind turbine maintenance and oil draining operations.
9.2.2.5 Impact of the presence of sub-stations
Given the size of wind generators and electricity pylons, the advent of new power lines will
have a relatively low visual impact insofar as they will be integrated with the hoisting areas.
9.2.2.6 Electromagnetic interference and radiation
The low frequencies generated by a wind turbine are the result of the interaction of the
aerodynamic pressure on the Blades and the atmospheric turbulence in the wind. The random
nature of air turbulence has a bearing on the low frequency emissions. It seems that the low
frequency sounds are less likely to generate nuisances that the less random bursts of sound.
Low frequency emission involved the downwind wind turbines above all (when the wind
turbine tower is between the wind and the rotor), but all wind turbines today are upwind.
Although little information exists on infrasounds, foreign studies do not find any effect on
health. According to the Swedish Environment Agency, the infrasound levels emitted by the
wind farms are so low that they have no detrimental effect on health. Similarly, according to
the National Academy of Medicine, once a few meters away, the infrasounds from the noise
of wind turbines are very quickly inaudible and therefore do not affect human health.
The acoustic annoyance of the sound produced by the wind turbines is above all induced by
the infrasounds (very low frequencies < 20 Hz) that are inaudible to the human ear but
dangerous for the organism. Animals are extremely sensitive to them and inexplicable
changes in behavior are noted in wild species when infrasounds are present.
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9.2.2.7 Public access

As special and relatively imposing installations, there is a fear that the curiosity sparked by
the sheer size of the wind farm can raise a few safety concerns. Numbers of people at
production spaces.
9.2.3
Decommissioning phase
The impacts during the decommissioning phase relate to the following activities:
9.2.3.1 Dismantling of equipment
Dismantling of equipment is taken to mean the dismantling of wind turbines (towers, nacelles,
hubs and blades) and their concrete plinth, power lines (buried wires), the sub-station and
related installations. The access roads are left in place.
9.2.3.2 Transport and traffic
The dismantling and transport of imposing constituent parts of wind generators will mean
rolling out logistics similar to those used during the installation phase, but also increased load
on internal and regional traffic routes.
9.2.3.3 Soil rehabilitation
The restoration of soils formerly dedicated to foundations will necessitate before any
regeneration a meticulous study to detect any contamination and determine the best
rehabilitation methods.
9.3
IDENTIFICATION, PROMOTION AND ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS
The methodology presented previously in 1.3 of this document uses the concepts of
ecosystem and social value as a basis for assessing the magnitude of impacts and their
significance. In this context, the human and natural components of the environment found in
the study area or likely to be affected by or other of the forecast interventions have obtained
an environmental value matching their relative importance in the said area.
The impact analysis of the landscape scheme for the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm relies on the
description of the project, the knowledge of the environment, the ecological context and the
environmental issues. This analysis is segmented according to acknowledged repercussions
on the natural (physical and biological) and human environments of the wind farm's erection,
operating and decommissioning phases.
The affected components (significant impacts) are dealt with in depth. Those suffering
impacts deemed negligible to zero are described more succinctly.
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The acknowledged impacts for each component dealt with are assessed using the
methodology described in Chapter 1.0.
It is important to underline that the impacts have been determined by considering that all
current mitigation measures (best practices) described in section 2.0 (project description and
components) are an integral part of the project. This approach reduces both the number and
significance of impacts at the same time.
9.3.1
Positive impacts
The Taiba Ndiaye wind farm project will have a positive effect on global pollution
(greenhouse gas emissions and radioactive waste avoided) and on local development. Thus,
the maintenance of the wind farm and the access roads will have a direct impact on the local
and regional economy.
The wind farm may also contribute indirectly to creating or attracting related industries,
particularly as the gearbox oil is checked and changed if necessary every six months. A work
team of fifteen to twenty people will have to be created to check and maintain the wind
turbines. Half of these will be hired in the neighboring villages or in the region.
The next table summarizes the anticipated beneficial effects of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm
project.
Table 43: Summary of the anticipated beneficial effects of the wind farm project
Environmental component
Sample effects
Physical environment
Climate
Helping to control the greenhouse effect
Natural environment
Biodiversity
Preserving the biodiversity (by helping to control the
greenhouse effect)
Improving knowledge of the biodiversity and its
protection
Improving knowledge of the ecological integration of
human activities
Human environment
Local economy and sustainable development
Fiscal impacts for the Taiba Ndiaye municipality
Revitalizing local employment
Impact on tourism
Creating local sustainable development dynamics
Macro-economy
Contributing to the diversification of electricity
generation
Reducing the level of energy dependence on fossil
energies in Senegal Creating direct jobs in the
renewable energy sector
Creating indirect jobs (design offices, maintenance,
component manufacture, public works, rural
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Environmental component
Sample effects
craftsmen, etc.)
Energy without producing waste
CO2 emissions avoided
Reversible installations
Public health and safety
9.3.2
Negative environmental impacts
9.3.3
Negative environmental impacts on the physical environment
The physical environment elements likely to be affected by the project are:

-
the geotechnical characteristics of substrates,
soil quality,
water resources, mainly the surface water drainage pattern and the surface water and
groundwater quality.
9.3.3.1 Impacts on the geotechnical properties of substrates

The resistance of the sub-soil materials is of prime importance as it guarantees the stability of
structures supporting the wind generators. Given that the wind turbines are installed on
summits, with few significant geotechnical constraints, the indication is that the
environmental value relating to substrate stability can be qualified as low.
9.3.3.1.1 Impacts forecast in erection phase

No substrate instability was has been noted in the footprint of the fifty or so (46) wind
generators, where the vast majority (more than 90%) of the earth is made up of sands
characterized by a relatively low risk of surface sealing.
The localized nature of specific wind turbine foundations reduces hugely the impact of
necessary excavation work on the substrates.
Thus, the magnitude of the impact is qualified as low. Its scope is limited. The impact
duration will be moderate, as the erection work could last for more than a year. Thus, the
significance of the impact is qualified as low.
9.3.3.1.2 Impacts forecast in operating phase

The operation of the wind farm of 46 wind generators should not increase the load on the subsoil nor threaten soil stability for either the access roads or the surfaces carrying the wind
turbines themselves.
The host substrate on which the wind generator units are erected is kept solid by pouring a
concrete plinth, itself combined with the weight of the wind turbine. Thus, in the absence of
extraordinary phenomena, there is nothing to fear from the risks of settling or weakening of
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the host substrate. In addition, the geotechnical studies prior to the installation of each wind
turbine will be used to optimize the nature of the plinth with the specific type of substrate.
There is little impact from the operation of wind generators on the stability of host substrates.
9.3.3.1.3 Impacts forecast in decommissioning phase

No impact on the stability of substrates is anticipated during the wind farm equipment
decommissioning phase. Only the substrates already developed (access roads, areas laid out
for the wind turbines, etc.) will be subject to the effects of construction equipment and human
numbers and no other substrate will be affected by the decommissioning work.
Once the equipment has been dismantled, the upper portion of the wind turbine concrete
plinths will be razed and covered with contaminant-free sediments. The access roads will
remain as is.
The Developer undertakes upon expiry of the lease that the deep anchorings are stripped to
less than 0.80 m of the natural soil before the work in order to restore the original agricultural
land and landscape.
Table 44: Summary of the impact of the wind farm on substrate quality
Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and
access roads
Preparing
foundations
Clearing trees for
roads
Excavation work
Raising wind
turbines
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Electric power
generation and
transport
Regeneration of
substrates
Operation of
wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of
the wind farm
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance of
the residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Permanent
Intermediate
Low
Positive
Local
Permanent
High
High
9.3.3.2 Impact on the soil quality

As a rule, except for cultivated land, the soils in the study area are natural and free of any
human-source contamination. The environmental value for soil quality can therefore be
qualified as high.
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Accidental spillage of petroleum products seems to be the most likely impact to affect the
texture and horizons of soils. These petroleum products would come from the operation of
construction equipment and any leaking lubricants. The production of so-called sterile waste
is to be expected; this would come from trench digging (sub-soiling) and preparing for wind
turbine foundations. The inter-wind turbine connection route to the power sub-stations and
from the power sub-stations to the source unit will following existing roads.
Figure 48: Machine for digging the trench about 1 m deep
Nevertheless, given the eminently agricultural nature of the wind turbine influence area,
recycling the stripped earth should not be difficult in this rural area.
The soils in the study area are agricultural or natural and have therefore been granted huge
environmental value. The magnitude of the disturbance has been qualified as moderate. Even
taking into account all sites used or developed for the project, the scope of the impact remains
limited and short-lived, given the rapid elimination of any possible accidental spillage. Due to
the rigor that will be applied to managing waste, hydrocarbons, machine servicing and
appropriate measures in the event of accidental spillage of contaminants, the significance of
the residual impact is qualified as low.

The operating phase will be regulated by the operation of the wind turbines and the
maintenance of the machinery. This will involve motor vehicles and operating personnel
frequenting the site.
The risks of soil pollution or denaturation would therefore come mainly from oil or fuel
leaking accidentally from the machinery or maintenance vehicles on the site. The machinery
maintenance and draining systems are designed not to attack the environment. Specific and
appropriately-equipped lorries will drain the oil. In addition, as the area below the nacelle is
made up of the concrete plinth, accidental spillages of petroleum by-products are unlikely to
occur.
Overall, the magnitude of the impact is qualified as moderate. Its scope remains limited and
short-lived, given the preventive monitoring by the maintenance team. The residual impact is
therefore qualified as low.

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The soils could be soiled during decommissioning operations by an accidental spillage from
construction equipment. As the machinery is in principle in good working order, a spillage is
highly unlikely and the magnitude of the impact can be qualified as moderate. Its scope
remains limited and short-lived due to the rapid elimination of accidental spillages.
Table 45: Impacts of the wind farm on soil quality
Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and access
roads
Excavation work
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance
of the
residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Circulation of
machinery
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of the
wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Maintenance of
wind turbines and
energy transport
infrastructures
Regeneration of
substrates
Intermediate
Low
9.3.3.3 Impact on surface water resources

Over and beyond temporary bodies of water formed around old phosphate quarries, the
influence area of the future Taiba Ndiaye wind farm does not incorporate major surface water.
The result is a relatively low environmental value for this component.

Given that long-term surface water does not exist in the project area, the acknowledged global
impact is therefore insignificant.

The arrangements made to optimize the operation of the wind generator farm (access roads,
wind turbine bases, etc.) and the clearing of trees from wind turbine installation points will
not alter significantly the runoff water pattern.

Given the above and the low value of the "surface water resources" component, the
decommissioning phase will have no impact on runoff water drainage. The access roads will
in all likelihood be kept, with all suitable arrangements to control the surface water properly.
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Table 46: Impact of the wind farm on surface water resources

Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and access
roads
Excavation work
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance
of the
residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Circulation of
machinery
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of the
wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Maintenance of
wind turbines and
energy transport
infrastructures
Reinstatement of
soils and
excavations
Intermediate
Low
9.3.3.4 Surface water quality

Given that the water in bodies of water in the study area are recognized as unfit for drinking,
the value relating to this quality can even be qualified as low.
Nevertheless, special attention will be given to the installations used for irrigation and
draining of farmland.

It is acknowledged that waste from excavations required for the foundations will be generated
as sterile soils. These can be carried into the runoff water and thus be suspended in the
temporary ponds used for irrigation and watering the herd. Added to this, the leaching water
from farming plots adjacent to the wind turbines could be loaded with pesticide residues.
Note, however, that the erection options recommend not installing wind turbines near these
temporary bodies of water, which suggests that their residual impact will be of little
significance. The magnitude of this impact will therefore be low and the scope limited and
will be restricted to water points or near wind turbine raising areas. It will be short-lived and
limited to the construction period. Overall, this impact is therefore qualified as low.

The operation itself, which basically calls on the wind turbine component, will have no
notable environmental impact on water quality.
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As stated previously, no erection is planned near temporary water points, which minimizes the
environmental risks for the aquatic component when dismantling the entire wind farm.
For all these reasons, the magnitude of acknowledged disturbances in the water points is
qualified as low. The scope remains limited and short-lived.
Table 47: Impact of the wind farm on surface water quality
Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and access
roads
Excavation work
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance
of the
residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Circulation of
machinery
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of the
wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Maintenance of
wind turbines and
energy transport
infrastructures
Reinstatement of
soils and
excavations
Intermediate
Low
9.3.3.5 Groundwater quality

Groundwaters can represent a source of drinking water for the inhabitants of a locality or as
irrigation water for market gardens in the area. Any alteration to the groundwater quality will
therefore have a direct impact on the food chain and drinking water supply. Given that the
groundwater in the study area is recognized as good quality, the value relating to this quality
can even be qualified as high.

Considering the position of wind turbines on the top of dunes and their distance from the
groundwater sources, the acknowledged impact on groundwater quality is very low.
Only a major hydrocarbon spillage is likely to affect the quality of the water table, but given
the proposed mitigation measures, the magnitude of the impact is deemed low. Remember
that the drinking water wells listed in the Taiba Ndiaye area are 8 to 50 m deep.
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The magnitude is high, the scope is limited and short-lived, leading to an impact of little
importance.

During the operating phase, no impact is acknowledged on groundwater quality.
9.3.3.5.3 Impacts forecast in dismantling phase

Apart from a major spillage of hydrocarbons from construction equipment, no activity during
the dismantling phase is likely to affect the groundwater quality when dismantling the wind
farm.
Table 48: Impact of the wind farm on the groundwater
Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and access
roads
Excavation work
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance
of the
residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Negative
Local
Temporary
Circulation of
machinery
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of the
wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Maintenance of
wind turbines and
energy transport
infrastructures
Reinstatement of
soils and
excavations
Intermediate
Low
9.3.3.6 Potential negative environmental impacts on the biological environment

The components of the biological environment likely to be affected by the installation of these
46 wind generators are the vegetation, wildlife, birdlife and herpetofauna.
9.3.3.7 Impacts on the terrestrial vegetation and the habitats
The vegetation is a major element both aesthetically and for its biological value. As the study
area does not include an exceptional forest ecosystem or natural community reserves, but does
have floral species with precarious status (at least four partially-protected species that may be
affected), the environmental value of the vegetation can be qualified as moderate to high.
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9.3.3.8 Impacts forecast in erection phase on the plant cover and habitats
The Taiba Ndiaye wind project is proposing to install a maximum of 46 wind turbines. Each
wind turbine requires a working space of about 0.15 ha so that masts and turbines can be
raised and assembled. The project also provides for the installation of technical rooms that
require no additional tree clearance.
Access roads will be necessary for the passage of the machinery and the transport of wind
turbine components in erection phase. Some of these roads exist already and will require
relaying and improvement work. Other roads are, however, planned under the project and will
have to be built. They will also be used by the local populations to travel to the cultivation
areas.
The surface footprint inside which are represented symbolically the wind turbines split into
five rows is a rectangle of 11 km from East to West and 7.5 km from North to South.
Nevertheless, as the surface taken up by a wind turbine is about 14.4 acres (i.e. 1440 m2), this
represents a total surface area of 6.62 hectares for a total of 46 wind turbines provided for
under the project. A 0.8 hectare plot is planned to house technical components (control post
and transformers).
Plant cover
The vegetation is a major element both aesthetically and for its biological value. However, the
study area does not include an exceptional forest ecosystem or natural community reserves
but does have plant species of varying degrees of ecological importance in terms of the
biodiversity. The same applies to species at the endemic state, partially protected or protected
under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
threatened plant species, comprising Borassus aethiopum, Adansonia digitata and

Faidherbia albida,
endemic species, including three (Crotalaria sphaerocarpa, Polycarpaea linearifolia
and Vernonia bambilorensis) that figure among the endemic species of the flora of
Senegal. But the project site does not include species belonging to the list of West
African rare and/or endemic species and
Eight species partially protected by the Senegal Forest Code, as follows: Adansonia
digitata, Borassus aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis, Faidherbia albida, Grewia bicolor,
Prosopis africana, Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana are found on the
project site and its surroundings and are part of species. This involves acquiring prior
authorization from the competent departments before any action (cutting, delimbing,
grubbing, etc.).
Added to this, the agro-forestry activity of the Taiba Ndiaye area places the tree at the heart of
agricultural activities. It must therefore be said that fruit arboriculture will be highly affected
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by the wind turbine preparation and installation activities. The potential effects on the habitats
and flora can vary, shown by:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
dust deposits during work;

surface consumption following expropriation;
land clearance, but cutting isolated trees;
alteration to habitats;
the trampling of surrounding habitats (works, foot traffic) and too many people in the
environments;
increased risks of fire;
the introduction of invasive exogenous species;
the destruction of protected species (in this case, a dispensation submission for the
destruction of a protected species must be prepared);
the attack on heritage and/or decisive species stands.
These impacts will be more or less marked depending on the nature of the plant cover on the
installation site of each of the five groups.
Thus, group 4 that will be installed in an area basically dominated by plantations or orchards
will be the most affected. And to a lesser extent:
-
group 3, dominated by a succession of young plantations less than five years old and
lastly
group 2 from E11 to the village of Baal Diop, dominated by young plantations. After
Baal Dip until 1.8 km of E22 we are in an area dominated by rainfed and cash crops.
The magnitude of the impact from loss of vegetation can be qualified as high, the scope is
limited and long-lived, since the tree clearance will be felt for more than five years. Overall,
the significance of the impact is qualified as moderate.
The farming focus of the area home to the wind farm project must be correlated with the
maintenance and cultivation activities, etc. These various activities both degrade and disturb
the herbaceous layer.
9.3.3.9 Impacts of erection on animal habitats
Given the lack of remarkable animal habitats likely to be disturbed by the planned erection,
the preparation of the wind generator sites and the wind farm commodities (control post and
transformer) will not have a negative impact on the opportunistic wildlife found in the
cultivation lands. The access roads that will have potentially to be created will also be located
outside the most interesting biological areas.
The impacts on the habitats will be restricted at most to a disturbance of the noise exposure
and the settling of soils, given the transport and storage activities of the site logistics and wind
turbine components.
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The automation of the wind farm means that the wind generators can function autonomously
without being disturbed by machinery inspections and routine maintenance. During these
inspections, the personnel and the machinery used for the maintenance will take the roads
cleared for inter-wind turbine connection.
Thus, no significant impact is anticipated to the vegetation during the operating phase except
for probable soiling during maintenance of the sub-station and access roads. This maintenance
involves regular cleaning to keep minimum surfaces free of plant cover for access and
maintenance reasons. In addition, no herbicide will be used.

No negative impact is forecast to the vegetation during the decommissioning work. On the
contrary, efforts will be made to replant cleared areas in a process to boost the agro-forestry
heritage of the Taiba Ndiaye municipality.
The impact expected here should result in a regreening of the palmyra grove.
Table 49: Environmental impacts per wind turbine on the vegetation
Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and
access roads
Preparing
foundations
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance of
the residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Average
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Positive
Local
Permanent
Clearing trees for

roads
Excavation work
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of
wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of
the wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Electric power
generation and
transport
Boosting of the
agro-forestry
heritage
High
High
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9.3.3.10 Environmental impacts on the fauna

The area being studied is not potentially frequented significantly by large mammals, be it for
feeding or reproduction purposes. The environmental value of this element is therefore
deemed low.
In terms of abundance, a total of 965 birds have been counted in the project's footprint. The
dominant species are: Alpine Swift (Tachymarptis melba) 23.83%, Red-eyed Dove
(Streptopelia semitorquata) 18.03% and Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) 8.81%. The Alpine
Swifts only stop there for a day to feed on their way north or south. The other species are
nesting birds, on the other hand.
In terms of mammals, the Cape Ground Squirrel (Xerus inauris) is the species seen most in
the area: eight have been observed. The other species (Gambian Sun Squirrel, Jackal, Civet
and Bat) are only identified through signs of their presence recorded in the field.
As the area is wooded, surveys of populations in the area reveal a strong presence of bats
which are nocturnal mammals. A serious study should be conducted in this context as it
remains the species that could potentially collide with the wind turbines.
All species in the families: Falconidae (Falco tinnunculus), Accipritidae (Melieras metabates
and Accipiter brevipes and Milvus migrans) are birds of prey.
All the species noted are diurnal as the sightings took place during the day. However, the bats
and mongooses that are mammals are nocturnal.
Birdlife refers mainly to the birds likely to frequent the sectors affected by the works during
migration or nesting. Given that no birdlife acknowledged as significant exists, the
environmental value of the birdlife must be qualified as low.
9.3.3.11 Impacts to the terrestrial wildlife
The occupancy of the site by the terrestrial wildlife must be analyzed to take into account all
local ecological components, even if the issues are theoretically minor in relation to the
specific wealth. Lastly, this analysis will ensure that the functionality of existing biological
corridors is maintained.

The erection of the wind farm will have an impact on the habitats (alteration, destruction) of
small, less mobile species or those dependent on very local ecological nests in line with
access roads or in the wind turbine footprint.
The herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) appear to be the most sensitive group of species
in terms of their protection and conservation status, behavior and the specific habitats they
occupy (rockfalls, dry grassland, temporary ponds, etc.).
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The site activities will bring a risk of direct destruction of individuals in a protected species or
its specific habitat. The largest and/or most mobile species, like the large mammals that roam
vast habitats, will be less sensitive, even if the works must be deemed as a nuisance period.
They can affect the terrestrial wildlife directly by the installation of wind turbines, loss of
habitat and increased accessibility to the region.
The impact from loss of habitat is all the more significant if quality habitats are rare in the
sector or if the infrastructures are installed in critical habitats. There are none in the Taiba
Ndiaye rural community.
During the erection phase, the lorry traffic, noise from construction equipment and increased
human presence are likely to temporarily disturb the wildlife near the work areas. Clearing
trees and laying out forest roads will fragment the habitat of some species and reduce its area.
Remember that the Taiba Ndiaye project will require trees cleared from nearly 7 ha, i.e. only
0.35% of the study area, which is relatively little. Part of this cleared land will also be
recolonized by early-successional species in the short and medium term. The magnitude of the
disturbance is therefore deemed low. The scope of the disturbance is limited to the study
sectors, more especially to the lands adjacent to the work areas, and short-lived. Given the
low proportion of land affected compared with the land available for terrestrial wildlife, the
inconvenience caused by the works will have a negligible impact on the wildlife inside the
study sector, mainly because it can adapt easily to the human activities.

During the operating phase, the most likely acknowledged impact is linked to the
inconvenience to the wildlife from the operation of the wind turbines (blade noise and
movement, maintenance work, etc.). Experience shows no loss of habitat or fragmentation of
lands in the vicinity of wind turbines and phenomena of becoming accustomed to the sound
emissions or the shade created.
Thus, the magnitude of the disturbance is qualified as low. As its scope is limited and longlived, the significance of the impact is qualified as low.
To limit potential disturbances to the terrestrial wildlife from the presence of wind turbines,
the following measures could be introduced:
-
restricting the free area around the wind turbines;
limiting access by wind farm employees to the wind turbine sites;
speed limits on the roads.

The decommissioning activities could disturb the terrestrial wildlife. Nevertheless, the
magnitude of the impact has been qualified as low, given the huge spaces where the wildlife
can shelter during the works. As its scope is limited and short-lived, the significance of the
impact is qualified as low.
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9.3.3.12 Birdlife
Most of the species identified in the area are small. However, some species like the Black
Kite and Cattle Egret are large.
The birds rest and feed in the area. Birds leaving the Djoudj Park for the Saloum Delta follow
the strip of casuarinas in the coastal area. This is located some 5 km from the project area. It is
therefore possible that the area is a migration corridor for birdlife. However, observations
must be carried out to identify the species passing through these corridors.

The birdlife is highly sensitive to all the types of work that will be undertaken in the area near
to the wind farm. This is especially true for the nesting birds that risk being disturbed by the
sound emissions of both personnel and machinery. The noise can cause stress in these animals
and temporary displacement from nesting sites. It can also disturb the activities (hunting,
fleeing from predators, communication between individuals), where natural sound signals are
important.
However, this upheaval will be insignificant given that it is intermittent, short-lived and of
limited scope.
In total, the impact of preparatory activities on the birdlife in the Taiba Ndiaye area will be of
little significance.

The risk of collision and the "barrier" effect (diversion of migratory trajectories) are the main
impacts anticipated for birds.
Collisions occur normally because the birds do not sense the movement of the blades and hit
them (direct collision with the wind turbine).
But lessons learned from miscellaneous observations (monitoring mortality, flight altitudes,
avoidance tactics, etc.) of wind projects show that far fewer bird deaths are caused by
colliding with the wind generator blades than by the common infrastructures or facilities (i.e.
electric pylons of the Tobne plant or telecommunication installations in the municipality's
region.
The following figure illustrates this assertion clearly.
Figure 49: Causes of fatal accidents listed in birds
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Wind turbines
Communications towers
Pesticides
Automobiles
High tension transmission lines
Cats
Building Windows
Given that there is no bird migration corridor within the perimeter of the wind farm, the risks
of diversion of migratory corridors is highly reduced.
It can therefore be said that the impact of the operation of 46 wind generators making up the
Taiba Ndiaye wind farm will be negligible.

Despite a noisy ambience during dismantling and transfer of the wind farm equipment, no
significant disturbance should be feared for the birdlife. The nuisances caused would be
negligible. The disturbance can thus be qualified as low. It is short-lived and of local scope,
which results in a global impact of little significance.
9.3.3.13 Impacts on the chiroptera
The importance of fruit arboriculture in the Taiba Ndiaye area confirms the surveys of
populations in the area relating to the presence of bats which are nocturnal mammals. A
serious study should be conducted in this context as it remains the species that could
potentially collide with the wind turbines. [in progress]

The cutting of trees to make way for access roads and the installation of wind generators will
result in a direct loss of shelter for the bats that roost in the trees. Similarly the civil
engineering and hoisting activities could generate passing trauma in bat populations. The rest
or reproduction shelters, movement corridors and hunting environments may be destroyed or
disturbed during the works phase and land clearance, excavation, earthworks, creation of
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access roads or cable laying operations may diminish feeding patterns and the raising of
young around installations.
Thankfully, the temporary nature of preparatory activities means that the impact will be of
limited scope and will render the disturbance near work areas low.

The main impact to be feared for the bat populations is the risk of mortality. Although it is
still not entirely clear why bats hit the wind turbines, they can be killed following direct
collisions with the blades or barotraumas, i.e. internal injuries caused by abrupt variations in
pressure.
The other factors in impacts on the bats are still hypothetical and will required scientific
validation before they can be considered objectively in this impact study. This involves the
"barrier effect" on the displacement channels of resident species, the indirect attraction
(currently not demonstrated) by the insects hunted by the bats, themselves attracted by the
heat from the nacelle or the site lighting. Likely to be affected are the assumed curiosity of
pipistrelles, the possible confusion between wind turbines and trees and the use of wind
turbines during reproduction behavior.
On the other hand, the wind plays an important role in bat activity. Their activity normally
drops significantly in wind speeds above 6 m/s (the activity level is reduced by 95%). The
activity is concentrated in periods of no wind or very low wind speeds. Given the high speeds
(40 km/h) required for the wind turbines to function, low bat mortality can be predicted at the
foot of wind turbines in operation, with a low impact of the operation of wind generators on
global bat mortality.
The inter-relations between the chiroptera and the wind turbine transport/traffic and
maintenance activities are insignificant, as for the birds, in terms of disturbance by the
workers, as only about twenty workers will be required to circulate in the wind farm area for
maintenance.
9.3.3.13.3 Impacts forecast in dismantling phase

The dismantling of equipment that has recently killed and disturbed chiroptera populations
would only be beneficial in the sense that the tree stratum will be recomposed by planting
activities. It is therefore new habitats and new biotopes favorable to the development of this
wildlife.
In addition, the work will be less substantial than in the construction phase (no road
construction or improvement). Lastly, the vehicles will travel at reduced speed on the roads
and mainly during the day.
Table 50: Impacts of the wind farm on the terrestrial wildlife and birdlife
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Phase
Activity
Development of
plinths and
access roads
Preparing
foundations
Nature
of the
impact
Scope
Period
Magnitude
Significance of
the residual
impact
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Average
Negative
Local
Temporary
Intermediate
Low
Positive
Local
Permanent
Clearing trees for

roads
Excavation work
Raising wind
turbines
Operation of
wind
generators,
technical room,
etc.
Dismantling of
the wind farm
Optimum
operation of wind
generators
Electric power
generation and
transport
Decoupling the
farm
Removing the
wind turbines
Dismantling the
foundations
Withdrawing the
power sub-station
Reinstating the site
High
High
9.3.3.14 Environmental impacts on the human environment

The components of the human environment with an environmental value likely to be impacted
by the installation of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm can be summarized around the following
impacts:
ecological benefit,
repercussions on the local and national economy,
land use,
infrastructures and services,
archaeology,
visual environment,
acoustic environment,
public safety,
quality of living environment,
stroboscopic effects,
electromagnetic impacts and low frequencies.
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9.3.3.15 Ecological impact

The generation of electric power due to the gradual installation of the 46-generator-strong
wind farm will constitute a clean project that will make a significant contribute to reducing
anthropic greenhouse gas emissions in a global context of adapting to climate change.
As such, the advent of a power plant of 151.8 MW using wind power signals strongly the
desire of the Senegal government authorities to campaign for renewable energy sources and
introduce the "energy mix" into the electric power generation process to break from the
weight of fossil energy in the trade balance. In addition, the proximity of the power plant to
Tobne, installed in fact in an energy-consuming industrial mining environment (ICS), could
be an outlet. In addition, wind power produces no greenhouse gas.
Thus, the annual production of the wind farm for eight to nine hours of production equivalent
to the rated power of machines for about 365 days of operation would represent an estimated
total of at least 467,000 MWh/year for the entire project.
Compared with identical electricity generation of a traditional plant, the wind farm envisioned
in the Taiba Ndiaye location will prevent waste production, atmospheric emissions, fossil fuel
combustion, taking surface water and groundwater and thermal and chemical discharges in
natural outfalls.
In addition, the project is going to participate in avoiding each year about 4305 tons CO2 per
wind turbine compared with a traditional thermal production of the same power. These CO2
savings will be promoted in CDM projects with an envisionedenvisioned price of more than
1,000 CFA francs per ton of CO2.
The eligibility of the Taiba Ndiaye wind project for the UNFCCC's Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) is a long process that has taken more than thirty months.
The Developer hired the company ESBI as a carbon consultant in Autumn 2009. ESBI is a
subsidiary of ESB, the Irish Electricity Supply Board, which will support it in the various
CDM development phases. UNFCCC approved the project on 29 February 2012.
Table 51: Comparison of emissions of different electric power generation modes

Parameters
Quantities of
waste for
Specific
emissions*
Annual savings
for 46 wind turbines
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TRADITIONAL
NUCLEAR
(2002)
2,539 tons
0.186 g/kWh
50 tons
Fly ash
Production
202,747 tons
14.85 g/kWh
215,200 tons
Power sales
219,950 tons
16.11 g/kWh
56.52 m
4.14 m/TWh
Industrial waste
production
Waste production
1.1178 m
9.3.3.16 Socio-economic impacts

The potential economic benefits (local taxes, labor, supply of goods and services, etc.)
anticipated from the wind farm installation and operations give it huge environmental value; it
could boost both the local and regional economy.

The execution of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm project would inject more than 270 million for
the construction of the 151.8 MW wind farm and 110 billion CFA francs into the Senegalese
economy, in addition to the jobs (temporary and permanent) created. Over one thousand jobs
are anticipated (about ten jobs per MW according to the European Wind Energy Agency).
Specialized equipment and workers will be needed to transport and raise the wind turbines
and the activities relating to the excavation, levelling and transport of granular materials will
no doubt necessitate hiring local and regional workers with fewer qualifications or local
populations with no qualifications at all. It goes without saying that where costs and skills are
equal PETN will ideally privilege employing local workers.
Beyond that, the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye has an opportunity here to broaden its tax base
by collecting taxes to be paid by PETN for construction permits and other miscellaneous
taxes.
The installation work of the wind generator farm will bring in their wake:
-
a boom in small trader activity in the Mboro area, through retail trading stalls,
accommodation and catering for local workers and those from outside the locality.
the advent of SME and SMI and sub-contractors orbiting around the wind industry,
thereby consolidating several jobs in the This region.
The impact of the project is positive in terms of economic consequences. Its magnitude has
been qualified as high, its scope is local and regional and it is short-lived. Overall, the
significance of the impact is qualified as high and positive.

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The operational phase (power generation and maintenance) of the 46-generator-strong wind
farm will be run by fewer staff than the installation phase but is important for the local
economy. As for the erection phase, local and regional purchases of goods and service are a
considerable financial godsend for the local authorities, populations and service providers. Its
magnitude has been deemed moderate given the number of jobs created considered to be more
modest. Its scope is local and long-lived. Therefore, the significance of the impact is high and
positive.
During operation, the company will pay all legitimately due taxes to the tax authorities; in
particular, a local tax, the "Patente" will be paid annually to the Taiba Ndiaye rural
community. This tax is estimated to be about 2.5 million euros (more than 1,9000,000,000
CFA francs) a year and represents an amount corresponding to more than twelve times the
current annual budget of the Taiba Ndiaye rural community.

The dismantling of the Taiba Ndiaye wind turbine complex will have a dual repercussion on
the economy.
Firstly, the specific decommissioning activities will lead to not insignificant, but positive
economic consequences. The impact will be short-lived and the work will require hiring
people from the locale and the region. The significance of the residual impact therefore
remains low and positive.
The second dimension of the impact will be negative, in the sense that the dismantling could
be synonymous with job and income losses for people drawing all or part of their income
from the operation and maintenance of the wind farm. The magnitude will be considered
moderate and the scope local and short-lived, as the people involved could potentially find a
job given the promising future of clean, renewable energy production methods in Senegal.
The importance of the global impact is therefore qualified as moderate and negative. It must
be stated that at the end of the life cycle (in about 25 years), nothing will prohibit
reconstructing the site with new wind turbines.
9.3.3.17 Impacts on land use and services offered by the ecosystems
The wind farm footprint is basically given over to agro-forestry (agriculture, market
gardening and gathering. Expert assessments and the perception of the public, mainly the
local populations and elected representatives, and the decentralized State structures indicate
that the environmental value varies depending on the demographic weight, but that in general
it can be qualified as high.

Exploitation of land and natural resources
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The crisis in the peanut sector due to low yields of soils has turned the populations in the
Taiba Ndiaye locality towards more lucrative crops such as fruit arboriculture, tubers and
market gardening in family holdings of about five hectares on average.
Activities to prepare the 46-generator-strong wind farm will no doubt hinder farming and
market gardening activities in the villages of Ndomor, Keur Mal, Minam, Mbayne, Keur
Birama, Keur Samba Awa, Keur Mbaye Snoba, Taba Mbaye, Same Ndiaye, Baty Ndiaye
Baty Gueye, Keur Madiagne and Taba Santhie and Keur Assane.
This hindrance to the activities is relative considering that the surfaces to be developed will
only cover 7.5 ha, i.e. only 0.1% of the study area. This is fairly insignificant even when
pointing out the presence of species with high commercial value that constitute the main
sources of income for the farmers: mango trees, cassava, cash crops, marketing gardening,
etc.
However, the loss of use and profits drawn from operating ecosystems and the services they
provide should not be overshadowed. Arboriculture, agriculture, picking, pharmacopoeia,
construction and crafts represent substantial sources of income and also miscellaneous
services and uses for the populations owning the lands affected by the wind farm footprint.
In addition, the installation of wind turbines in farming areas, despite not being in any way a
hindrance to production and services beyond the footprint limits after their construction, the
fact remains that a shortfall will persist due to the restriction in accessing and using resources.
Appropriate scheduling of works and installing suitable signs will facilitate the sequence of
activities with the other users of the site.
This will mitigate the magnitude of the impact, thus deeming it as low, for only the increased
number of workers and traffic in the farming and marketing gardening lands will affect the
exploitation of natural and land resources. The scope of the impact will be limited and shortlived. Thus, the significance of the impact is qualified as low.
Road transport and traffic
The erection work could cause impacts to the areas surrounding the wind turbine installation
areas. Vehicle and machinery traffic to transport the wind turbine components may have an
impact on the safety in terms of accident risks of road users (Tivaouane-Mboro) and
production tracks (Taiba Ndiaye - Niayes and Djingu area - Mboro road) and the longer
journey time given the circulation of large carriers on these main access roads to the various
sites.
The most significant sources of impact on traffic relate to:
-
The needs of the site's living quarters and earthworks machinery;

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Interim Report
-
-
-
The arrival of heavy equipment used for the construction: flattening the land, levelling
high spots, widening bends and creating foundations;
The delivery on large carriers of wind turbine components (tower, nacelles, blades,
etc.). They will be brought to the site by lorry, requiring several convoys and
turnarounds given the size of constituent wind generator components;
The delivery of construction materials, mainly concrete, cement and sand required for
the wind turbine plinths. About 400 to 450 m3 will be required for each foundation,
which means on average sixty to seventy concrete mixer trucks per foundation.
The arrival of workers in the morning and their departure in the evening.
The transport on site of wind generator components will require wide loads. This implies
extra load on the axle likely to impact the state of roads and tracks taken by the numerous
HGV turnarounds between Dakar and Taiba Ndiaye.
Over and above this extra load, the size of convoys could cause a disturbance by slowing
down traffic between Dakar and Tivaouane.
Overall, the magnitude of the impact on road transport linked to the erection of the wind farm
is deemed moderate with regional and short-lived scope.

During the wind farm operating period, there will be no significant negative impact on the
exploitation of natural resources and agricultural activities, all the more so that the
agricultural areas will be accessible provided there is no infringement on the footprint
allocated to each wind turbine.
Road transport
The road traffic attributable to the 46-generator-strong wind farm will be substantially
reduced in that it will only involve light vehicles transporting the machinery monitoring and
maintenance personnel. "Escorted" large carriers will only be mobilized for a relatively short
time for major repairs requiring replacement of components (blades, turbine, etc.) or engine
oil changes. Their impact on the transport of necessary equipment would be minor and shortlived.
Air transport
The project area has no airport infrastructures but during the wind farm operating phase, in
addition, compliance with minimum flying altitudes in the region, miscellaneous measures
applied for the wind farm will ensure the safety of aircraft travelling this region of the Niayes,
which has benefited from several projects. Let us state also that the wind farm will be signed
in accordance with ICAO standards.
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In short, no impact is forecast on air traffic, all the more so that there are no aeronautical
constraints in the area of influence of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm.

The decommissioning phase of a 46-generator-strong wind farm will certainly mean increased
local and regional traffic.
This phase will necessitate the following activities:
-
-
-
-
-
-
Installing the site which will involve mobilising construction machinery;

Decoupling the farm;
Dismantling of wind turbines with the hoisting equipment and storing them, which
will necessitate a large amount of space;
Transporting spare parts from the wind farm to a dedicated site;
Dismantling the foundations;
Withdrawing the power sub-station.
However, considering the limited and short-lived scope of the said works, the magnitude and
significance of the impact are qualified as low.
Road transport
The dismantling of the wind farm equipment and infrastructures will cause disturbances and
potential impacts to the safety of road users. The number of journeys required to transport the
various sections of 46 wind turbines will be the same as required for the erection phase,
except for the concrete mixer trucks. The magnitude of the disturbance is deemed moderate,
with a regional and short-lived scope. Thus, the significance of the impact is qualified as
moderate.
9.3.3.18 Impact on the basic infrastructures
The basic infrastructures (tracks, roads, base equipment, public buildings, socio-cultural
infrastructures, buildings, etc.) do not have legal environmental protection and the social
value remains relatively low. This element of the human environment has therefore been
deemed as having a low environmental value.
On the other hand, the environmental value of public roads providing access to the study area
is qualified as moderate.
Air transport
The wind farm decommissioning phase will have no impact on air traffic and flyover.

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Interim Report
Drinking water supply

The likelihood of soiling the populations' drinking water supply network is minimal, all the
more so that the two drinking water reservoirs of Taiba Ndiaye are not located in the wind
farm footprint. The only fear could be accidental pollution of the water table captured by the
two boreholes following an accidental spillage of hydrocarbons from construction machinery
on the two host sites. The magnitude of such an impact is qualified as moderate. Its scope
would be local and short-lived. In addition, the measures taken to contain and eliminate the
contaminants could be applied rapidly.
Road infrastructures
The heavy loads on the axles of lorries transporting the materials and equipment required to
erect the wind farm could contribute to the wear on the surface layers of the departmental
road 702 as well as the other access roads to Taiba Ndiaye. The transport of wind turbine
components, earthworks and civil engineering materials and wind turbine superstructures
could cause deterioration of the road network and degrade the surrounding tracks.
Given the relatively poor state of roads and surrounding tracks, the impact of the transports on
the road network will be moderate. The use of multi-axle trailers appropriate for the load will
reduce the damage to the road network considerably. The scope of the impact is qualified as
regional, as it is above all the transport of concrete and wind turbine components that should
have an impact on the road network. The duration of the impact is qualified as moderate, as
the possible damage could last longer that the transport operations themselves. Nevertheless,
the significance of the residual impact remains low.
A network of new, stabilized tracks will have to be built to provide access to the wind
turbines. This will cover about 35 km for a width of 5 m on straight lines and about 8 to 10 m
when changing direction. These new roads are going to reduce the cultivated plots marginally,
but they will however remain open and available. This will make it easier for the farmers to
reach their cultivated land.
The presence of a cemetery has been taken into account during the access road identification
phase and the access road passing nearby will make a substantial detour.
Grid
The existing grid should not suffer from operations relating to the installation of wind
generators. At most temporary inconveniences should be expected when connection the
generation from the park to the Tobne grid. It is planned to connect sub-stations at the foot of
wind turbines to the Tobne station underground. The benefit hoped for, to increase the
production capacity and electric power supply to populations, is disproportionate to the
occasional temporary inconvenience of work on connecting the two networks. Senelec should
perform this activity and will schedule the distribution of power as a result so as to lessen the
risks of load shedding.
The impact on the grid and the power distribution will be considered as low.
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Telecommunications
The infrastructures dedicated to the telecommunications found in the Taiba Ndiaye
municipality will not be impacted by the erection of the wind farm. The telephone network
should not be unduly disturbed.
Air transport
The wind farm erection phase will have no impact on air traffic.

Maintaining and inspecting the correct operation (sub-station, access roads and wind turbines)
of the wind generators are the main activities during operation of the wind farm and are not a
notable source of nuisances for the water supply network and quality intended for drinking.
Any hydrocarbon spill will be quickly contained. Thus, the significance of the impact in
question is qualified as low.
The road and tracks will carry less load during the commissioning of wind turbines. Only
maintenance vehicles (vans) will circulate on the access roads (departmental road 702) to
access the wind farm. Limited heavy loads could occur in the event of extraordinary
breakdowns justifying the replacement of a blade or turbine. During these events, the
transport of components will cause a low magnitude and short-lived disturbance.
Thus, the significance of the envisioned impact is qualified as low.
Grid
The distribution network may experience some disturbance during commissioning of the wind
farm that will alter the management of certain high voltage lines. This is to take account of the
new generation from the wind turbines.
All these minor disturbances will be short-lived. The residual impact is therefore negligible.
Telecommunications
The electric cable network used will be equipped with fibre optics. There will
therefore not be a telephone cable. The wind farm will thus be managed remotely via
fibre optics. It is difficult at this stage to state the potential interference with the
telecommunication operator network.
On this point, a sectorial study on the telecommunications systems should be
conducted to eliminate all the possible conflicts with the microwave connections
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exploiting this site and thus protect the miscellaneous mobile radio systems installed
in this structure. Feedback until now on the sites constructed elsewhere has revealed
no impact on the transmission of radio telephone systems.
Thus, the magnitude is perhaps qualified as low, the scope is local and long-lived leading to a
residual impact of little significance.

When dismantling the wind farm, all the special precautions and interventions faced with any
fuel spilling accidentally from site vehicles will be highlighted. Thus, even the installation of
new drinking water taps over the next few years will not affect the water supply. The
importance of the forecast impact is therefore qualified as low.
During the decommissioning phase, the transport of different components could cause
deterioration of the road network. The magnitude of this disturbance has been qualified as
moderate, as the regulations in force at that time will apply. Its scope is regional and shortlived, which means that the residual impact has been qualified as of little significance.
Grid
No specific impact will affect the grid during the decommissioning phase.
Telecommunications
No specific impact will affect the telecommunications during the decommissioning phase.
9.3.3.19 Impacts on the cultural heritage
Archaeology, which is linked to the heritage, has a legal connotation in addition to its
importance for many people. Investigations of the land have not shown up any archaeological
remains and the environmental value for archaeology has therefore been qualified as low.

The survey work and public consultation did not list the existence of remains or sites of
historical and cultural interest throughout the study area. But places of worship (mosques) and
graves in the area away from the farm have been listed. No negative impact on the cultural
and religious heritage is therefore noted.

The commissioning of 45 wind generators will have no effect on the religious heritage of the
Taiba Ndiaye municipality.
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No potential negative impact on the places of worship and cemeteries in the municipality is
anticipated during the dismantling of the wind farm.
9.3.3.20 Impact on the landscape
The rural landscapes, whether natural or developed, are often a cause for concern. Although
different people view their significance differently, their environmental value has been
qualified as high.
Creating and altering existing roads and creating roads intended for the operation,
maintenance or, if appropriate, discovery of wind turbines can cause various consequences on
the site:
-
potentially too many visits due to opening up new access or altering existing roads;
conflicts of newly-juxtaposed practices due to easier access for motorized vehicles;
site abandoned by some of its users following the installation of wind turbines.
The works have direct and indirect effects on the nearby landscape. Building or widening
access roads, earthworks, grubbing out trees, compacting the soil, destroying low walls or
weeds appearing due to earth being brought in from outside all have diverse consequences:
-
destruction of the existing vegetation and opening up of views;
alteration in the color and plant appearance of the site;
partial or total land take of the site (roads, banks, areas without plants, etc.).
The problem for the project is in the visible dimension of proposed equipment combined with
an agricultural environment relatively valued for its landscapes. It is difficult to conceal the
telecommunications and HV electric power transmission infrastructures in the landscape.
They have in no way denatured the agrarian landscape of the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
Although larger, the wind generator towers should not create visual pollution.
The wind farm should therefore integrate well with this panorama that is already familiar to
the populations in the locality of Taiba Ndiaye. The project has also been designed in a spirit
of structuring and arranging the landscape by creating straight lines of wind turbines. The
alterations in the landscape (linked to the perception of fifty or so wind turbines in the
background) will be felt for the lifetime of the wind turbines.
The significance of the impact is deemed average given that the area affected by the impact is
large.
9.3.3.21 Impact on noise exposure
9.3.3.21.1 Impact in erection phase
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During the site phase, the noise exposure in the footprint of the future wind farm will rise
substantially. The soil characterization preparatory work (surveys and geotechnical tests) and
the construction of the wind farm which is a huge development will mobilize heavy
machinery for arranging and/or construction roads and inter-wind turbine roads: flattening the
land, levelling high spots, widening bends, etc.
Table 52: Sound levels of construction machinery at variable distances

Sound level expressed in dB (A) (Leq (1-h)) depending on the distance
Equipment
Bulldozer
Crane
Loader
Generator
Grader
Shovel
hydraulic
Lorry
15 m
85
88
85
81
85
82
76 m
71
74
71
67
71
72
152 m
65
68
65
61
65
62
305 m
59
62
59
55
59
56
762 m
51
54
51
47
51
48
1,524 m
45
48
45
41
45
42
88
74
68
62
54
48
Source: US Department of the Interior, 2005
There are many sources of noise in wind power sites, the main ones being pneumatic drills,
engines and reversing beepers of transport or hoisting machinery, etc. Acoustic levels can
exceed the exposure thresholds stipulated by the regulations and cause damage to personnel
and local residents.
Apart from injury to the hearing system (hearing loss, tinnitus, etc.), the ambient noise can
cause inconvenience or stress with psychic disorders and pathologies that harm not only the
health of workers but also safety through a drop in vigilance.
Given the limited scope of works and protective measures (PPE) that will be made available
to the personnel, the impact and potential damage can be considered as moderate.
9.3.3.21.2 Impact in operating phase

One of the greatest myths about wind turbines is the noise they generate. Wind turbines make
a noise, however not very much.
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Noise levels from different

sources
Noise levels
Airplane take off
Discoteque music
Horns
School restaurant
Automobiles
Classroom
Wind turbines
Living room
Bedroom
Light wind
Figure 50: Levels of various typical sources of noise
The audible noise is caused by the wind sliding along the blades and by the generator.
Nevertheless, new blade and generator technologies have reduced noise levels significantly.
It is therefore possible to stand at the foot of a wind turbine tower and carry on a normal
conversation without raising ones voice.
Simulations based on wind blowing at 5 to 8 m/s and illustrated on the following maps
confirm the statements below.
Within this range of wind speed, the contribution to the background noise of the wind farm is
significantly less than 40 dB (A) (living room noise) within the proximity of any dwellings on
the project site (max. about 36-37 dB (A)).
It is reminded that the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm is mainly erected in an agricultural and semiindustrial environment (ICS mines) on private land
For information, the wind turbines positioned closest to Villages are as follows:
ID
Village
Closest Wind
Turbine
Distance
in Km
Diamballo
E01
1,4
Keur Saliou BA
E01
1,6
Municipality
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Status
without PAP
without PAP
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ID
Village
Closest Wind
Turbine
Distance
in Km
Ndeunoute
E01
1,7
4
5
6
7
Keur Demba Diallo

Darou Dia
Ndomor
Taiba Khab
E03
E03
E08
E38
1
1,8
1,5
3
Balsande (Bal Samb)
E09
0,96
Mourdjigune
E09
0,826
10
Baal Gueye
E09
11
Ndiop Sao
E09
1,2
12
Thieno Ndiaye
E10
1,3
13
Sao Mkh 1
E10
1,6
14
Sao Mkh 2
E11
1,7
15
16
Taiba Ndiaye
Mrina Samb
E18
E19
2,6
1,8
17
Sao2
E19
1,7
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Thiss III
Khelcom (Baal Diop)
Baity Guye
Taiba Santhie
Baity Ndiaye
Taiba Mbaye
Ndiamba
E19
E12
E31
E31
E31
E37
E37
25
Macka Gueye Beye
E40
1,8
1,04
1,4
1,4
1,9
0,86
1,6
0,96
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Keur Mall Ndiaye

Miname
Daf2
Daf1
Djingue
Keur Assane Ndiaye
Keur Madiagne
Same Ndiaye
E38
E38
E38
E38
E38
E46
E46
E46
1,2
1,2
1,8
1,9
2,5
1,2
1,7
1,9
Municipality
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Darou
Khoudoss
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Darou
Khoudoss
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Darou
Khoudoss
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Taiba NDIAYE
Status
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
without PAP
without PAP
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
without PAP
without PAP
without PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
with PAP
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It therefore appears that the human settlements which are located on average more than 1250
m from any single wind turbine (the nearest) and more specifically those within 1000 m (in
particular the dwelling closest to a turbine in the village of Balsande (Bal Samb) is 960 m
from wind turbine E09; the dwelling closest to a turbine in the village of Morudiguene is 826
m from wind turbine E09; the dwelling closest to a turbine in the village of Taiba Mbaye is
860 m from wind turbine E37; and the dwelling closest to a turbine in the village of Macka
Gueye Beye is 960 m from wind turbine E40) will not be subjected to any particular sound
nuisance.
Also in the study area can be found farm and forestry workers near the wind turbines thus
activities are conducted in open areas.
To summarize, the magnitude will be low, the scope will be limited and short-lived, which
results in a moderate impact on the sound environment.
Map 11: Map of estimated equal loudness curves for wind conditions of 5 m/s
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.
The design notes illustrated below are based on:
A hypothesis of an increase in sound level according to the conservative local wind speed (+2 or +3
dB(A) per m/s above 5.0 m/s);
A hypothesis of noise propagation with mitigation of agricultural land, without however taking account
of the plant cover.
Map 12 Map of estimated equal loudness curves for wind conditions of 6 m/s
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of the plant cover.
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of the plant cover
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of the plant cover.
Figure 51: Design note of the estimated onset of sound [5.0 - 10.0 m/s] - villages of Kelkhom Diop,
Mourdjigune, and Taiba Mbaye
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Figure 52: Design note of the estimated onset of sound [5.0 - 10.0 m/s] - villages of Bal Samb and Moka Gueye
Beye
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9.3.3.21.3 Impact in dismantling phase

The impacts anticipated during the preparation phase are virtually the same. The sound
disturbances will be attributable mainly to the specific machinery used for site installation,
dismantling wind turbine components, transporting dismantled equipment and withdrawing
from the site. The sound levels will annoy both the personnel carrying out the dismantling and
to a lesser extent the populations of Taiba Ndiaye and the localities crossed by the transport
lorries. Should the personnel be wearing suitable PPE and the noisy works will be carried out
essentially in farmland, the residual impacts will be moderately felt.
9.3.3.22 Public safety
The environmental value allocated to the safety of local residents and people transiting
through the wind farm footprint (work areas and journeys undertaken for the transport of
materials and wind turbine components) is qualified as high.
9.3.3.22.1 Safety of persons during the works phase

In site phase, personnel, trained and accredited for a site of this size, are far more exposed to
the risk of accidents than the local populations. The notion of public safety is implicitly and
closely linked to the presence of human activities in the study area. The wind turbine
installation sites will be easy to access given the access roads constructed under this project.
However, a site of this size, moreover in a rural environment, will attract large numbers of
curious outsiders, who will actually be taking a risk despite the site being prohibited. As these
outsiders are not kept away from the site boundaries, they are exposed to certain hazards
(trench not filled in or signed, unprotected spiky concrete reinforcing rods, etc.).
The risk is however mitigated by the introduction of a special safety plan for persons and
property so that the accident risk is reduced to zero.
The wind farm site will have signs warning of the hazards present on the site (falling objects,
electrical risk, construction machinery traffic, etc.) and prohibiting access. These signs will be
put up at the site entrance and at each storage and lifting platform.
Similarly, when raising the wind turbines which will be an impressive operation, suitable
measures will be taken to lead any unauthorized persons on the site to risk-free areas.
Compliance with basic safety measures, such as wearing a helmet, is essential during
organized visits.
Public safety will only be threatened during the erection phase should an accident, (i.e., an
unforeseeable event) occur. Any threat to public safety therefore lies in an unexpected even
and calls on the notion of risk which will be expanded further in the next chapter.
Overall, the magnitude of potential impacts in relation to the project seems low, given the
genuine risk that such events produce.
9.3.3.22.2 Safety of persons in operating phase
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Interim Report
Like any human activity, zero risk does not exist when operating a wind farm. The main risk
factor here comes from moving mechanical components. The resulting risk of an accident for
a third party is, therefore, minimal.
During operating periods, the potential impacts on public safety relate to the risk of accidents
from breaking wind turbine blades and collapse of the tower, the risk of fire around step-up
stations and wind turbines and lightning strikes. These events are, however, unexpected in all
circumstances.
The likelihood of a wind turbine incident like rupture or ejection of a blade or total
destruction of the wind turbine causing a serious accident to the property or health of a third
party is very low (according to data from the Renewable Energy Syndicate).
The annual likelihood of a blade (for a hub 65 m high) reaching a distance of 215 m would be
in the order of 5.10 -7. This likelihood of a component of a 2 MW wind turbine being thrown
through the air in a 40-meter radius (i.e. under the wind turbine footprint) would be in an
order of magnitude of 10-5 and 10-6 of it falling (one chance in a million) in a radius slightly
more than 100 meters.
Map 15: Project installation map in the territory of the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye with theoretical withdrawal
perimeter of 1000 m
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Interim Report
The hazard study (see 9) shows that the future 46-generator-strong wind farm of Taiba
Ndiaye has mainly risks of components being thrown through the air and, to a lesser extent,
fire. The calculated effect areas, corresponding to the distances reached by different sizes of
breaking blades ejected at maximum speed, can be up to a radius of 798 m. The effects of
these hazardous phenomena would be collision with human targets, structures and/or
protected species.
The low likelihood of calculated targets being reached also argues in favor of these levels of
acceptable risk for the project.
Lastly, note that the risks associated with a breaking blade or collapse of a tower feared in the
operating phase are especially low for the local populations and infrastructures.

During the decommissioning phase, there is no particular impact to point out in terms of risks
of breakage or fire. The only risks come from an unexpected accident affecting the workers
on the site at this time.
9.3.3.23 Impacts on public health and quality of life
Quality of life is taken to mean the quality of the air and the absence of sound or visual
nuisances. The agricultural and forest land in the study area does not have major industrial
infrastructures and is used principally for farming and forestry activities. The quality of life in
this area is deemed to be excellent.
This section analyzes the potential effects of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm on public health and
neighborhood convenience. There is no need for an advanced analysis of these items under
the impact study, given the low risk levels for the local residents, but nevertheless have to be
mentioned for information purposes. There is no village center in the study area.

Impacts from noise and on air quality
During the erection phase, the acknowledged impacts are basically associated with sound
nuisances and the dust generated by the machinery. Noise-related impacts have been
addressed in the previous sections.
As all the work will take place in agricultural and rural areas, far from built-up areas and large
concentrations of housing, the erection phase should not cause a significant impact on the
quality of life of most of the citizens of Taiba Ndiaye.
Nevertheless, a considerable increase in lorry transport on the roads around the installation
site is predicted. The repeated passing of lorries and machinery could inconvenience the
residents with dwellings near the roads taken by the construction workers. In terms of the dust
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Interim Report
raised during the works, dust control systems are included in routine mitigation measures and
will lessen the associated nuisances.
Considering the low population density and the fact that the wind farm is erected exclusively
in agricultural areas, the impacts on the population in the study area will be minor. In
addition, remember that no wind turbine will be installed less than 900 m from any housing
unit.
The magnitude of the disturbance has been qualified as low, given the distance from access
roads and wind turbine installation sites (900 m from housing units). The scope is qualified as
limited and short-lived. Thus, the significance of the global impact is qualified as low.

Impacts relating to noise and air quality
In operating phase, there is no actual impact on the quality of life. The noise-related nuisances
have been discussed in detail above as have the alterations to the landscapes caused by the
installation of wind turbines.
Remember also that each individual has his own perception of a wind turbine and it is
therefore difficult to rule on its impact on the quality of habitats.

During the decommissioning phase, the works are likely to cause similar impacts as in the
erection phase. The magnitude of the disturbance has been qualified as low, given the general
distance from access roads and wind turbine installation sites. The scope is qualified as
limited and short-lived. The significance of the impact is thus qualified as low. In terms of the
dust raised during the works, dust control systems are included when needed in routine
mitigation measures.
9.3.3.24 Stroboscopic effects and reflection of the sun's rays
When the sun passes behind the wind turbine, the rotation of the blades interrupts the sunlight
periodically. This is called "stroboscopic effect". This phenomenon can be a problem when
the wind turbines are located near residential areas and can be more or less disturbing
depending on the orientation of housing areas with respect to the wind turbines.
Certain residents, farmers or market gardeners may be disturbed occasionally by the
stroboscopic effects.
The sun's reflection on the blades or the mast can have particularly inconvenient effects for
the neighboring populations when the blades are directed so that they send the sun's rays
towards the residential areas. This is, nevertheless, a transient phenomenon caused by new
wind turbines only and disappears after a few months once the blades are dirty and no longer
reflect the sunlight.
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Considering the tranquility of the habitat in the study area, the environmental value of this
component is qualified as moderate.

In the erection phase, the wind turbines will not be operational and there will therefore be no
risk linked to the stroboscopic effects.

When the sun is shining, a wind turbine projects a shadow on the land around it like any other
tall structure. From time to time the blades cross the sun's rays, triggering what is called a
stroboscopic effect (Danish Wind Industry, 2003) or shadow flicker effects.
The shadow flicker of moving wind turbine blades can create unpleasant stroboscopic effects
for nearby dwellings.
Figure 53: Illustration of the stroboscopic effect phenomenon
Several parameters play a part in this phenomenon:

-
the size of wind turbines;

the position of the sun (the effects vary depending on the day of the year and the time
of day);
the existence of sunny weather;
the characteristics of the faade in question (orientation);
whether or not there is visual masking (relief, vegetation);
the orientation of the rotor and its relative angle to the dwelling in question;
whether or not there is any wind (and therefore whether or not the blades are rotating).
The risk of epilepsy crises following this phenomenon is sometimes wrongly raised. The
human body can only react if the blinking speed is more than 2.5 Hertz, which would mean
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for a three-blade wind turbine a rotation speed of 50 rpm. Current wind turbines rotate at 9 to
19 rpm, i.e. well below these frequencies.
The phenomenon of stroboscopic shadow can be experienced by a static observer, for
example inside a dwelling. This experience quickly becomes impossible for a moving
observer, for example inside a vehicle.
Figure 54: The periodic masking of the sun by the moving blades (source: ADEME)
The dwellings located to the east and west of wind turbines are more likely to be concerned
by these phenomena than those located to the north or south. These annoying phenomena
diminish fairly rapidly as you move away (they decrease according to a hyperbolic curve).
Specific software programs can be used to state the potential periods of annoyance and
produce maps indicating the number of shadow hours per year.
The stroboscopic effect appears when the sun is low in the sky and the sky is cloudless. It
only occurs when the following conditions appear together (Walloon Government, 2002):
1. clear weather (sunny);
2. wind (blades rotating);
3. orientation of the sun in relation to the wind turbine sending its shadow onto a
dwelling or place of work;
4. orientation of windows of the place in question towards the wind turbine.
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We note that under this project, the study area is in a sector with a low population density,
mainly due to the agricultural and rural land on which the wind turbines are installed. They
will be installed on the summit of dune plateau, out of reach of man-made infrastructures. The
sectors occupied by a permanent population are located above all inside village centers.
A minimum distance of 826 m (in only one case) separates every wind turbine from one of
the dwelling boundaries, no matter the row of turbines. According to the Ministry of Health
and Social Services (MSSS), the possibility of psychic or even neurological consequences
(epileptic seizure) of the strobe effect which is caused by sustained observation of the rotating
blades, especially if this is in the direction of a sun low on the horizon, is apparently NOT
supported by any successful case study (MAMR, undated). The specialized literature points
out that shadow casting (strobe effect) can only be seen near wind turbines and generates no
risk for the population (ADEME, 2004). Thus, wind turbine shadow is negligible on the
human environment, as on average its influence goes no further than 250 to 300 m.
Calculation of strobe effects :
The software Windpro can simulate projected shadows / strobe effects by wind turbines
within their vicinty ; the module Shadow for example, is often used for these simulations.
Two methodes of calculation are used :
1. The Worse Case Scenario Method ; a method which takes into consideration scenarios
which are only slightly realistic assuming that:
a. Wind turbines fonction all year long ;
b. The sun shines all year long ;
c. The turbine blade is always perpendicular to the rays of sunshine;
d. The minimal hight of the sun is 3 degrees above the horizon;
e. The maximum distance of the shadow projection corresponds to 10 times teh
diameter of the rotor (i.e. 1260m).
2. The most likely Scenario Method which takes into account :
a. The acutal fonctioning of the wind turbines according to the the statistiques
measure by the wind mast. (see below table)
Tableau 53 : Number of hours per year of estimated production of the wind park (based on the
the data of the 100 m meaurement mast installed on site at Taiba Ndiaye.
Wind
N
Direction
NNE
ENE
ESE
SSE
SSO
OSO
hours /
year
665
476
272
158
156
156
194
315
2625
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Interim Report
Direction O
ONO
NNO
Heure /
an
1057
1908
601
b. The sun shines in accordance with statistiques of sunshine of the nearest

meteorological site ; in this case, the meterological station of LOUGA (See
below table)
Tableau 54 : Probablity of sunshine (average hours of sunshine per day] [LOUGA]
Month
JAN
FEV
MAR
AVR
MAI
JUIN
JUIL
AOUT
SEPT
Hours
/ day
7,50
7,89
8,59
8,94
8,80
8,04
8,04
8,18
7,63
NOV
DEC
8,64
7,67
Month
OCT
Hours / 8,38
day
c. The roto is always perpendicular to the rays of light

d. The minimum height of the son is 3% above the horizon
e. The maximum distance of the shadow projection is 10 times teh diameter of the
rotor (i.e. 1260 m).
Prinicipal Simuations :
In the first case, receivers (vertical windows of 1 m x 1 m place at a height of 1 m from the
ground and oriented towards a row of turbines permits the possibility to simulate the strobe
effect which results in virtual environment of the project in area which is populated and/or are
are suceptible to the strobic impacts by a shadow projection ; these 17 receivers are identified
by the letters A-Q. The coordinates of these receivers are also registered in the table of the
summary of results.
In the second case, for each of the two scenarios, the softoware Shadow Windpro calculates :
The number of hours of exposition per year for each receiver ;

The number of hours/minutes of exposition per day.
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Interim Report
The number of days per year where an event of exposition which lasts a minimum of 2
is likely to occur;
The turbine or turbines responsible for the strobe effect ;
Maps representing the rasters or surfaces with a 10 m x 10 m resolution are produced
and permit to illustrate a zone around the turbines being simulated for strobe effect.
Results :
The following table illustrate the results of 17 virtual receivers.
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Interim Report
Tableau 55 : Summary of Strobe Effects
Receivers
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
Taba
Taba
Taba
Taba
Djambalo
Khelkom
Bati
Maka
Khelkhom
Ndomor
Balsande
Saw
Mbayne
Bati
Keur
Ndiop
Balsande
Coordinates of Receivers
Santhie
Mbaye
Santhie
N'Diaye
sud
Diop
Ndiaye
Gaye
Diop
Diop
SE
Nord
Nord
Guye
Modou
Saw
II
sud

nord
Nord
est
Nord

Bye
Sud
Nord

Est

NE
Maya
E
SE

Ouest

Est

Ouest

SE

295 517
297 979
295 517
297 496
292 955
292 268
293 611
289 784
292 232
298 753
291 151
286 960
298 720
294 231
287 119
289 580
290 238
1 662 305
1 661 704
1 662 626
1 663 781
1 667 119
1 663 526
1 659 420
1 660 486
1 663 304
1 665 902
1 665 663
1 661 187
1 659 429
1 660 142
1 662 549
1 664 277
1 664 929
Most likely case -

Worse Case
Worse Case (Hours :
Nombre (Hours :
(Hours : Minutes) Minutes) maximum
Minutes) total per
total per year
per day
year
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
07:37
00:19
02:51
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
00:00
36:29:00
00:33
17:15
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Interim Report
Wind Turbines
responsible for
strobe effect

E46

E10
An analysis of the strobe effects confirms that only 2 villages would be affected (i.e. 2 inhabited areas) are susceptible of receiving projections of
shadows in these scenarios with a maximum of 17 hours and 15 minutes per year in the most likely scenario and in teh worse case scenario 36
hours and 29 minutes per year.
Tableau 56 : Identification of Sources and timing of potential strobe effects

Wind Turbine
Responsible for Effect
Wind Turbine Coordinates
E46
291 103
1 664 55
E10
292 360
1 659 389
Period during the year

1st period of the year
2nd period of the year
Between April 12 and April,
Between the 18th and 30th of September around 7 :30 pm at a
at the rate of 6 - 19
rate of 2 -19 minutes per day (worse case)
minutes per day(worse
case)
Betwee the 9th of November and the 4th of Februay ; from 8-33 minutes maximum per day
including 2 12-day periods where in teh worst case, can be as much as 31-33 minutes per day.
The two wind turbines potentially responsable for the strobe effects are turbine E46 and E10 ; the times of year where the strobe effect can be
expected are indicated in the table above.
The following figures present rasters calculated for the worse and most likely cases et ; raster in number of hours per years and the
maximum amount of minutes per day.
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Interim Report
Vigneron
cas Energies
9, fg du general Philippot
FR-67340 Ingwiller 0 - 9
+33 620 9150 60
10 - 29
vigneron / bvigneron@free.fr
Calcul :
30 - 99
26/08/2015 01:25/2.7.486
100 - 300
SHADOW - Carte
Calcul: Shadow SN worst case
Heures par an, Pire des

cas
0-9
10 - 29
30 - 99
100 - 300
0
1
2
3
4 km
Carte : MBORO , Echelle d'impression 1:100 000, Centre de la carte UTM WGS 84 Fuseau: 28 Est: 293 220 Nord: 1 663 080
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
Lignes iso-dures en Nb max de minutes par jour, Pire des cas
0
5
10
20
30
0
WindPRO est un produit d'EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg , Tlf. +45 96 35 44 44, Fax +45 96 35 44 46, e-mail: windpro@emd.dk
Figure 55 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Worse Case] - number of hours per
year
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
0
5
10
20
30
0
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Interim Report
+33 620 9150 60
10 - 18
Calcul :
20 - 28
26/08/2015 00:13/2.7.486
30 - 200
SHADOW - Carte
Calcul: Shadow Senegal
Heures par an, Dure

probable
0-8
10 - 18
20 - 28
30 - 200
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
Lignes iso-dures en Nb max de minutes par jour, Dure probable
0
60
120
180
240
300
Figure 56 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Most Likely Case] - number of hours
per year
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
Lignes iso-dures en Nb max de minutes par jour, Dure probable
0
60
120
180
240
300
235
Interim Report
+33 620 9150 60
5-8
Calcul :
10 - 28
26/08/2015 01:25/2.7.486
30 - 200
SHADOW - Carte
Calcul: Shadow SN worst case
Nb max de minutes
par jour, Pire des cas
0-3
5-8
10 - 28
30 - 200
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
0
5
10
20
30
0
Figure 57 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Worse Case] - number of minutes per
day
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
0
5
10
20
30
0
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Interim Report
FR-67340 Ingwiller
+33 620 9150 60
0-4
Calcul :
5-9
25/08/2015 20:13/2.7.486
10 - 19
SHADOW - Carte
20 - 39
Calcul: Shadow Senegal
30 - 39
40 - 50
Nb max de minutes
par jour, Dure
probable
0-4
5-9
10 - 19
20 - 39
30 - 39
40 - 50
0
1
2
3
4 km
Nouvelle-olienne
Rcepteur-d'ombres
Lignes iso-dures en Heures par an, Dure probable
0
5
10
20
30
50
Figure 58 : Projection of Shadows - Strobe Effet - [Most Likely Case] - number of

minutes per day
Conclusion:
0
4 km
Considering
theseRcepteur-d'ombres
factors, the magnitude of the disturbance will be low, its scope limited and
Nouvelle-olienne
Lignesperiod
iso-duresof
en Heures
par an, farm.
Dure probable
long-lived, due to the operating
the wind
The importance of the impact will
0
5
10
20
30
50
therefore be low. The developer has included a shadow casting map and calculated statistical
tables
in d'EMD
hisInternational
application
for10, DK-9220
planning
permission
showing
nowindpro@emd.dk
particular nuisance to the
WindPRO
est un produit
A/S, Niels Jernesvej
Aalborg , Tlf.
+45 96 35 44 44, Fax +45
96 35 44 46, e-mail:
populations.

During the decommissioning phase, there is no possible risk from stroboscopic effects.
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Interim Report
9.3.3.25 Effects of electromagnetic fields

Electromagnetic impacts may be emitted into the environment by the wind turbine generators,
transmission lines and sub-station. For an electric voltage output of 30 kV max. from step-up
voltage transformers and transit currents of 500 A approximately per underground cable in
addition, the induced electromagnetic fields will be very low.
The environmental value of this component is qualified as low.
9.3.3.25.1 Current conditions

Considering that there is no wind turbine inside the study area, no electromagnetic impact is
currently experienced in the region from this type of installation.
We do, however, point out the existence of electricity transmission lines (Tobne HV line)
and telecommunications infrastructures belonging to the three national telephone operators.

risk linked to the electromagnetic fields.

The wind turbines are intended to generate electricity and can thus generate an
electromagnetic field. This field is made up of an electric field and a magnetic field.
There are two possible sources of electromagnetic fields:
-
natural sources: these generate static fields, like the earth's magnetic field and the
atmospheric static electric field (low in good weather, in the order of 100 V/m, but
very high in stormy weather (up to 20000 V/m);
sources linked to electrical applications, be they domestic equipment of sub-stations.
The following tables compare the electric and magnetic fields produced by some household
equipment and electric line conductors, which will also be compared with underground
cables.
Thus, the small motors and transformers on domestic equipment form local magnetic field
sources far greater than their electric cables.
Table 57: Electromagnetic cables of some household equipment, electric cables and underground cables
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Interim Report
The electromagnetic fields from wind farms are mainly from the power sub-station and
underground cables. The radial-field cables, commonly used in wind farms, emit
electromagnetic fields that are very low and even negligible as soon as you move away.
The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that from 1 to 10 mA/m2 (induced by
magnetic fields greater than 0.5 mT82 and up to 5 mT at 50-60 Hz, or 10-100 mT at 3 Hz)
minor biological effects are possible. The electromagnetic fields to which the populations are
normally exposed therefore do not affect their health.
However, these currents are far lower than those produced naturally by brain, nerves and heart
and there is no known risk for health.
Electromagnetic impacts may come from four sources in a wind farm: connection to the
power transmission line, the wind turbine generators, the electric transformers and the
underground cabling to the sub-station. Standards apply to the cables connecting the power
transmission line. The generator winding is insulated, which prevents virtually all
electromagnetic fields. In addition, remember that the nacelle is some 117 m above the
ground, which makes any propagation even more unlikely. The impact of electromagnetic
fields produced by the wind farm has already been discussed above, with no effect on the
populations.
Considering the low population density in the study area, the magnitude of the impact is
qualified as low and its scope is limited and long-lived, due to the operating period of the
wind farm. The result is insignificant impact.
During the decommissioning phase, there is no possible risk for the population from
electromagnetic impacts.
9.3.3.26 Low frequencies
Wind turbine operation is likely to emit infrasounds into the environment. The infrasounds
can be perceived as a risk for the population in the study area near the wind turbines. In
France, the report from the Academy of Medicine dated 14 March 2006 demonstrated that the
infrasounds emitted by the wind turbines were extremely low and without special impact on
public health. A moderate value is attributed to this component.
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Interim Report
9.3.3.26.1 Current conditions

As there are no wind turbines inside the study area, the low frequencies on the site are
anthropic (potentially motorized movements) or natural (wind movements, rumbling of
thunder, noise from the sea, etc.)

risk linked to the low frequencies and infrasounds.

The noises are cyclic fluctuations of the air pressure, which can be characterized by their
intensities, expressed in decibel (dB), and by their tones, which then involves the notion of
frequencies, where the units are the Hertz (1 cycle per second = 1 hertz (Hz)). It is generally
agreed that the response from the human ear covers the sounds with a frequency of between
20 Hz (low-pitched sounds) and 20000 Hz (high-pitched sounds). Infrasounds and ultrasounds
define the sounds outside this range, either below 20 Hz for the infrasounds and above 20000
Hz for the ultrasounds. Although the low frequencies can propagate quite far, their intensity
diminishes rapidly with distance. The propagation of the noise far away depends on several
factors, including climate conditions, the topography and the environment specific to each
site.
There are several parameters that make a noise harmful: the quality of the noise, the purity of
the sound, the intensity of the noise, the onset and rhythm of the noise, the exposure time and
individual vulnerability (AFSSET, 2008). Firstly, at equal intensity, high-pitched noises cause
more harm than low-pitched ones. Similarly, a pure sound, at narrow frequency, is more
traumatic than a broad-spectrum noise, The intensity of the noise represents the sound level.
All very intense audible noises can cause functional ear disorders and lesions. But such
intensities do not occur in a wind farm, even just a few meters away from a wind turbine.
As in other types of equipment, the wind turbines produce low frequencies and infrasounds.
The medium-frequency, broadband noise of these wind turbines (unlike a noise with
tonalities) is produced mainly by air friction around the blades. The intensity of this noise
increases momentarily every time a blade passes in front of the tower supporting the nacelle.
Typically, a blade passes in front of the tower once every second, which gives a rhythm of
about 1 Hz.
The noise generated by a blade passing in front of the tower, causing air compression and an
associated noise, which is more or less audible depending on the operating condition, is not a
1 Hz infrasound but more a low frequency noise (around < 100 Hz); its intensity increases
momentarily and is accompanied by inaudible sound emissions of a frequency close to 1 Hz.
Despite this confusion over the type of noises produced by the wind turbines, sound readings
with a sound level meter demonstrate that there are indeed infrasounds generated when a wind
turbine is operating.
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Interim Report
For the moment, the scientific community agrees to state that the infrasounds have no impact
on human health.
The most recent document on the subject is Health Impact of Wind Turbines written by
Chatham-Kent Public Health Unit in Ontario (2008). Having examined fully the available
documentation, the authors draw the conclusion that the harmful effects for the health of the
citizens of Chatham-Kent are negligible and that there is no evidence that the wind turbines
can have potentially harmful effects on health. The risks associated with the low frequencies
are a complex, poorly-understood element. Remember, however, that the low frequencies
diminish less quickly when moving away from sources that the higher frequencies. For this
reason, it is occasionally possible to perceive low frequency sounds several hundred meters
from wind turbines, without the intensity of corresponding sounds being inevitably high; it is
a peculiarity of the onset of sound. The impact can therefore be qualified as low intensity, the
scope will be limited and long-lived, resulting in an insignificant impact.

During the decommissioning phase, there is no risk from infrasounds or low frequencies.
9.3.3.27 Waste production
9.3.3.27.1 Impacts of the wind farm footprint in erection phase

Workers on the site are going to produce household waste and waste comparable to household
waste.
At the same time, the waste produced by the contractors covers, for example:
-
production offcuts,
offcuts from storage or handling breakages,
waste from using materials and equipment,
packaging waste.
Three types of waste will be singled out in order of increasing nuisance:

-
inert waste,
common industrial waste and
special industrial waste
Inert waste
This waste is:

-
concrete and stones,

roof and ceramic tiles,
bricks,
glass,
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Interim Report
unpolluted earth, aggregates and rubble,

bituminous asphalt, without tar.
Common industrial waste
This category of waste generated on site will include:

-
wood, paper and cardboard waste that has not been treated with hazardous substances
plastic, metal and scrap or glass waste.
Special industrial waste
Common industrial waste or inert wasted must be considered as hazardous waste when soiled
by hazardous substances. For example, this applies to packaging or material waste soiled by
oil or paint containing hazardous substances.
9.3.3.27.2 Impacts on production in operating phase

Given that the wind farm operates independently and there are no living quarters for the
workers employed to maintain the wind generators, there will not be a great deal of domestic
waste.
Nevertheless, the machinery and equipment maintenance operations may create soiled items
and generate waste, especially oils and greases. To ensure optimum operation of the blades
and prevent premature wear of constituent parts of the wind turbine machinery, these items
are greased at start up and in operation.
The draining operations involve wind generators each containing about 1500 liters of oil and
29 kg of grease.
For the full wind farm, this is nearly 70,000 liters of oil to be drained potentially plus 1,300
kg of grease. Thankfully, the chemical substances and lubricants used in the Vestas wind
turbines are certified to ISO 14001 standards. In addition, the maintenance and draining
operations will follow a strict protocol designed to prevent leaking oil and grease.
As the use of PCB was immediately banned right from the design of the transformer unit,
there is no fear of the risk of this highly toxic product spreading into the wind farm substrates.
Relatively low negative impacts can therefore be predicted from the production of common or
special waste.
9.3.3.27.3 Impacts on production in dismantling phase

The types of waste will be comparable to those found in the works phase (common waste,
excavated topsoil, concrete, scarp, etc.) and also during operation, mainly the risks of leaking
fluids (coolants, oils) and greases.
This waste will result from the different phases planned for the dismantling of equipment and
installations, especially:
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Interim Report
The installation of the site and living quarters for employees allocated to
decommissioning works;
The decoupling and removal of wind turbine components;
The dismantling of iron- and concrete-based foundations;
The transport of wind generator component frames.
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Interim Report
10 RISK ASSESSMENT
10.1 INTRODUCTION
In accordance with Senegal's "hazard study methodological guide", we are going to
identify the hazardous elements of the wind farm installation and operation in the Taiba area
in order to (i) describe the malfunctions that could generate a risk of significant consequences
for the environment (natural and human), (ii) justify the measures taken and (iii) limit the
effects.
10.2 ACCIDENT RISK ASSESSMENT
The aim of the hazard study is to identify the hazardous elements of a company, describe the
malfunctions that could generate a risk of significant consequences for the environment
(natural and human), then to justify the measures taken and lastly limit the effects.
The methodology used for this hazard study complies with that proposed by Senegal's
"hazard study methodological guide"
10.3 PRELIMINARY RISK ANALYSIS
10.3.1 Hazards from substances used
This involves qualifying the hazards (flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, etc.) shown by the
products or substances that will be used.
The majority of input products are lubricants so that the machinery works properly. They are
not classed as flammable products but nevertheless remain combustible.
Lubricating oil hazard analysis
Product description
The lubricating oils for rotating parts are made up of heavily-refined mineral oils and
additives where the polycyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons (carcinogenic) of the mineral oils is
less that 3% or constituted of paraffin hydrocarbons.
Incompatibility, stability and reactivity
No specific study has been performed to date on the stability and reactivity of the oils and
lubricants used.
Fire/explosion risk
This oil has no special risk of ignition or explosion under normal conditions of use.
Nevertheless, an explosive mist can form in particular temperature and pressure conditions. A
reminder of ignition conditions for the lubricating oil is given below.
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Interim Report
Table 58: Fire/explosion risk from the lubricating oil

Product
Lubricating oil
Fire risk
Boiling point: data not available
- Flash point: 210C
- Vapour pressure: data not available
self-igniting temperature: 250C
- LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) 45 g/m3 (oil
mist)
- UEL (Upper Explosive Limit): data not
available
Toxic risk - Acute toxicity - local effects

Although classed as non-hazardous to humans, this product can nevertheless have toxic
characteristics. These characteristics are given below.
Table 59: Acute toxicity of the lubricating oil
Product
Lubricating oil
Acute toxicity - local effects

- Contact with the eyes or skin can cause
irritation (burning sensation, redness)
- Ingestion of large quantities can cause
nausea or diarrhoea
- Complete or incomplete combustion of the
lubricating oil produces soots and gases with
varying degrees of toxicity such as carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen
sulphide, phosphorous oxides, nitrogen
oxides, sulphur oxides, aromatic amines, etc.
Inhalation is a considerable hazard.
Ecotoxic risk
As the ecotoxic risk of the oil ISO 320 has not been addressed in the material safety data
sheet, other material safety data sheets describing the ecotoxic effects of similar products have
been studied.
Table 60: ecotoxicity of the lubricating oil

Product
Lubricating oil
Ecotoxicity
- The lubricating oil is very slowly
biodegradable in the air,
- The product spreads over the surface of the
water thereby disturbing the transfers of
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Interim Report
oxygen to aquatic organisms.

- Given its physico-chemical characteristics,
the product does not normally move very
much in the soil,
- The new product is not considered as
hazardous for land plants,
- it is considered as slightly hazardous for
aquatic organisms.
LD50 in rats > 2000 mg/kg
10.3.2 Equipment-related risks
All equipment with risks are described and detailed in this section.
Wind turbines
The wind turbine itself is an assembly of several components with miscellaneous
functionalities: generation of electricity, conversion of kinetic energy into electric power,
transmission of the electric power, structure support, etc. The various components are subdivided into mechanical and electric components.
The mechanical parts rotated by the wind can reach excessive speeds causing runaway with
material being thrown through the air. They can also suffer natural aggressions that cause the
structure to collapse.
The electric part made up of an alternator is driven; it provides high electric voltage that is a
source of electrocution or a short-circuit potentially causing a fire.
Strain on this equipment can potentially generate a risk of overheating.
The main hazards feared and summarized in the table below are therefore:
collapse of the wind turbine;
equipment ruptures with falling objects;
the entire blade or a piece of blade falling or flying through the air following its
rupture;
Fire linked to electrical equipment and certain combustible materials;
Table 61: Equipment-related hazards
Installation or
System
Rotor
Blade
Power sub-station
Function
Electricity generation
Convert wind power
into mechanical energy
Grid
Feared
phenomenon
Excess speed
Broken blade
Internal short-circuit
Potential hazard
Overheating of
mechanical parts
Kinetic energy of
blades
Thermal effect
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Interim Report
Installation or
System
Function
Feared
phenomenon
Global machine
Generate electricity
equipment completely
ruined
Foundation
Wind turbine support

and anchoring
Collapse
Mast
Nacelle and rotor

support
Entire or part of the

mast falling
Fire
Potential hazard
Toxic/impenetrability
effect of smoke from
fire
Effects of soil and subsoil pollution by
extinguishing water
Collision with people,
structures or protected
species
Collision with people,
structures or protected
species
Thermal effect
Toxic/impenetrability
effect of smoke from
fire
Effects of soil and subsoil pollution by
extinguishing water
Transformer
A transformer is equipment intended to alter the electric voltage of the current. It can raise the
voltage, for example at the generation unit output to make the electricity capable of being
transmitted over long distances by limiting the electrical losses (joule effect). It can also lower
the voltage in successive stops depending on the end user and his electricity needs.
The transformers contain high voltage electricity and the possibility of fire-related incidents is
always present. Due to the fire risks and the important role played by the electric transports in
supplying the community with electricity, this equipment must be fitted with an appropriate
fire protection system.
We normally have two types of transformer: the transformer in a dielectric fluid (oil) of the
so-called "dry" transformer with windings enveloped by epoxy resin.
If set on fire, the transformer can empty, dispersing the dielectric fluid (sometimes containing
PCB - polychlorinated biphenyls). The products created through the degradation of the PCB
are to be feared more than the PCB themselves that are deemed toxic for humans. From
500C and when oxygen is present, they can release highly toxic compounds when
decomposing such as dioxins and furans.
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Interim Report
10.3.3 Environmental hazards

Hazards from natural conditions
Natural conditions are understood to mean all events not controlled by human activity. These
elements can be a notable risk to installations in certain conditions. The meteorological
conditions can attack the installations.
Lightning
There is a substantial risk of lightning in the areas exploited. A lightning strike is a known
ignition source. It can trigger an electrical fire, releases of hazardous or polluting materials, an
explosion or equipment falling or flying through the air.
Lightning is a phenomenon produced by the electric potential of certain clouds. The lightning
risk is due the electric current associated with it. This is pulsed and has very steep intensity
pulse edges. The effects vary according to the electrical characteristics of conductors taken by
the current.
The following effects are therefore possible:
- thermal effects (heat released),
- rises in potential of earths and priming,
- induction effects (electromagnetic field),
- electrodynamic effects (appearance of forces potentially causing mechanical
deformations or ruptures),
- electrochemical effects (electrolytic decomposition),
- acoustic effects (thunder).
A full lightning strike normally lasts between 0.2 s and 1 s and has four partial discharges on
average. A low current of around a hundred or a thousand amps continues to flow by the
ionised channel between each discharge. The median value of the intensity of a lightning
strike is around 25 kA.
Lightning rods on each wind turbine would help to minimize the risks of fire caused by
lightning.
The main equipment concerned by lightning is listed in the next table
Table 62: Lightning hazards
Installation
Rotor
Mast
Blade
Function
Feared phenomenon
Electricity generation
Internal short-circuit
Rotor support
Collapse
Conversion of wind
power into mechanical
energy
Falling blade
Potential hazard
Comments
Overheating of mechanical
parts,
fire
Fire,
Kinetic energy of the
assembly
Kinetic energy of the blade
Retained for the

preliminary risk
analysis despite the
storm risk being
deemed as low on the
site of interest.
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Interim Report
Installation
Feared phenomenon
Function
Nacelle
Rotor support
Falling nacelle
Potential hazard
Comments

nacelle,
fire,
pollution
rainfall
As the Taiba sites are not located on floodplains, no flood hazard has been noted.
However, the geotechnical and reinforced concrete studies will allow the inclusion of any soil
settling with a potentially detrimental effect on the stability of the wind turbines. The
underground cables will be buried at the regulatory distance and chosen between other criteria
depending on the nature and constraints of infiltrations.
Wind and storm hazards
The storm hazards are as follows:
Table 63: Wind and storm hazards
Installation
Rotor
Mast
Blades
Nacelle
Feared
phenomenon
Potential hazard
Electricity
generation
Runaway
Overheating of
mechanical parts
- fire
Rotor support
Collapse
Fire, kinetic
energy of the
assembly
Function
Convert wind
power into
mechanical
energy
Rotor support
Broken blade
Falling nacelle
Kinetic energy of
blades
Comments
Retained for the preliminary

risk analysis despite the
storm risk being deemed as
low on the site of interest.
Kinetic energy of
the nacelle, fire,
pollution
Risks relating to the human environment

Human error
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Interim Report
Human error is one risk that has to considered in any company. Despite automated operations,
all the activities are performed or supervised by the personnel. As such, it is important to
review the operations likely to be hazardous due to the nature of:
The activity,
The equipment,
The product,
Other.
These include, among others:
Maintenance operations,
Various works,
Handling of machinery,
Remote operation of wind turbines.
Hazards from malicious acts

The wind turbines are usually easily accessible, with no anti-intrusion system, and installed in
isolated sites with little policing.
At the date of writing this document, a single incident of this type has been noted: two wind
turbines in the Roquetaillade (Aude, France) wind farm suffered a criminal arson attack in the
night of 18 to 19 November 2006. The criminals forced the door to two machines and set fire
to them, virtually destroying them. No claim or explanation has been provided to this day.
A malicious act can stem from several origins:
- Degradation of equipment: in this case, the risk area relates to the inside of
installations, accessible by maintenance workers, but inaccessible to the public due to
locked doors;
- Fire: depending on the type of fire caused, the worst-case scenario relates to fire in one
or more wind turbines. In this case, the risk area covers the footprint of the wind
turbines, i.e. a perimeter of 150 meters around them. To a lesser extent, the ancillary
installations can catch fire: transformation units, source units, etc.
Given the exceptional nature of a malicious act, this risk can be considered as highly unlikely.
Given the installation of the wind turbines more than 500 meters from dwellings, the risk can
be considered as extremely low.
Thus, the low probability of this phenomenon, the virtual absence of such acts in the feedback
and the anti-intrusion system on the wind turbine mast doors, the scenarios relating to the
malicious acts are not considered in this guide.
10.3.4 Risks from lack of utilities
Loss of electric power
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Interim Report
The turbine is shut down automatically if there is a loss of general power supply from the
grid. Loss of electric power causes the operating system to feather the blades. The equipment
required to maintain the installation totally safe is backed-up by inverters.
In this, it is important to make sure that:
- the inverters are working properly;
- the fire detections powered electrically have sufficient autonomy in a power cut (via the
emergency battery).
Loss of the cooling system
When the cooling circuits are unavailable for a long time (loss of water circulation, leak in the
circuit, loss of gearbox oil circulation, fan stopped), the equipment in question is shut down
automatically (fault detection, high temperature detection) to avoid damaging overheating of
the equipment and its potential indirect consequences, to protect the environment and the
safety of persons.
10.4 STUDY OF THE ACCIDENT RATE
The reason behind studying accidents occurring in similar installations is to prepare the risk
analyzes for the installation and operation. The study defines precisely the causes and
consequences of failures studied.
An international inventory of accidents is compiled, as this gives a far wider field of survey,
all the more so that this type of operation is relatively similar throughout the world.
The research is based on the ARIA database at the Risk and Industrial Pollution Analysis
Bureau, attached to the Industrial Environment Department of the French Ministry of Ecology
and Sustainable Development and also the database of the Caithness Windfarm Information
Forum (CWIF) for accidents occurring in Europe, United States, Canada, Australia and
China.
The analysis of past accidents highlights:
The type of events that could release potential hazards;
The consequences of feared events;
The relevance of safety barriers that can prevent, detect or control the appearance of
hazardous phenomena or reduce their consequences.
10.4.1 Selected accidents
As the accident rate of installations in operation is very limited, the accident rate is also based
on similar equipment sometimes coming from similar sectors.
The accident inventory in the ARIA database compiles all the accidents identified in France
or abroad actually of involving a wind farm installation; it lists a considerable number of
accidents.
However, the study selected the most instructive accidents.
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Table 64: Summary of the accident rate (source ARIA)

No.
Accident
Equipment/Installation
Cause
N 38999-19/09/2010
ROCHEFORT-ENVALDAINE (26)
Fire in two wind turbines

45 m high and 3 km
apart.
malfunctioning of
automatic hydraulic
brakes on two wind
turbines - runaway and
fire
N 37601 30/10/2009
FREYSSENET(07):
EOLIENNEVESTAS
Fire at the top of a

rotor on a wind turbine
70 m high,
commissioned in 2005
short-circuit following
a maintenance
operation
One of four wind

turbines installed in the
2000s became
uncontrollable
Power cuts due to storm

force winds of over 100
km/h damaged the
automatic shut down
system for the blades
provided for in the
event of too strong
winds
N 3434010/03/2008DINAULT
(29):
N 29385 22/12/2004
MONTJOYER-
smoke and
unaccustomed noise on a
wind turbine
malfunction in the
braking system
ROCHEFORT (26)
Collapse of a mast of one

of nine wind turbines in
service
wind
N 29388
20/03/2004LOON
PLAGE -
One wind turbine

amount four wind
generators 60 m high
inaugurated in May 2002
broke during the night
defective tightening of
bolts connecting two
mast sections
(maintenance failure)
Consequence
One broke up and
sent debris flying
through the air
causing two wildland
fires over 3500 and
1500 m2
The carbon fibre
and glass material
melted in the heat,
releasing smoke and
generating odour
nuisances detectable
in the Ouvze
Valley.
One of these blades

started to fold
Three blades broken

(two disintegrated and
fell to the ground and
the third broke and
stayed hanging) and
outbreak of fire in one
wind turbine
a wind turbine fell,
with the mast and part
of its foundation that
had been torn up,
following the break
up of the nacelle,
rotor and blades
the generator and
three 25 m bales fell
from the rotor.
Table 65: Summary of the accident rate (source ARIA)
Type of accident
Year
Description
Number
Maintenance/Construction
1975 2011
Accidents to third parties, site

accidents, dragging in the rotating
mechanisms, electrocution, falling
149
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Type of accident
Blade ruptures
Structural problems
Year
1975 2011
1975 2011
Fires
1975 2011
Transport
1975 2011
Environmental
impacts
1975 2011
Other
1975 2011
Description
Number
from a great height (simple

injuries to fatalities)
Broken blades that can fly
through the air for up to 1300 m
Falling rotors, nacelles, collapse
of the wind turbine
Due to overheating and motor
runaway problems, to lightning
and even in very few cases to
malicious acts.
Section of wind turbines falling
from the carrier, hitting obstacles
near the carrier/road accident
wind turbines causing death or
injury to the surrounding wildlife
(including protected species)
accidents caused by particular
circumstances: floods, lightning,
problems with the issuing of
planning permission for areas too
close to dwellings, lack of
machinery maintenance
203
112
158
70
86
185
Conclusion
It appears that the majority of accidents involving wind turbines occur during unsettled
meteorological conditions and in most cases result in rupture blades or collapse.
10.4.2 Feedback on accident causes
There are frequently many causes of an industrial accident that are difficult to establish. In
addition, their correct identification normally assumes advanced investigations that are only
systematically undertaken for serious accidents or those theoretically providing useful
pointers. Lastly, there is usually a broad margin of interpretation in classifying causes.
The main causes identified are therefore:
F
F
F
F
F
Equipment failure,
Human failure,
Malice,
Insufficient intervention,
Outside accident.
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Figure 59: Distribution of number of accidents noted in wind turbines by type of accident
Although the next table is not exhaustive, it highlights the events to be feared:
Maintenance/construc6on
16%
14%
Ruptures de pale
Problmes structurels
7%
Incendies
18%
6%
3%
Bris de glace
Transport
14%
Impacts environnementaux
22%
Autre
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Table 66: Summary of feared events

Source of potential
Area of effect
hazard
Distance around the
Lightning
wind turbine
equivalent to its total
height
Distance around the
Lightning
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Storm
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Storm
wind turbine
height
Radius of one
Storm
kilometer around the
wind turbine
Radius of one
Lightning
wind turbine
Distance around the
Flooding
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Flooding
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Storm
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Storm
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
Storm
wind turbine
height
Radius of one
wind turbine
Snowy weather
Initiating event
Feared event
Collapse of the wind

turbine
Fire in the rotor and

blades

turbine
Generalised fire and

collapse of the wind
turbine

wind
Fire in the nacelle

wind
Generalised fire and

turbine

wind
Breaking
blade/Ejection of
blades

turbine
Broken blade

water

turbine
Saturated ground
Weakening of the soil

around the base,
turbine

wind
Base torn out and

turbine

wind
Runaway of the rotor

wind
Falling nacelle
Inertia of the rotor then

moving again
Formation of ice
stalactites then ejection
when the rotor starts up
again
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Area of effect
No particular area
rotor diameter
rotor diameter
rotor diameter
Distance around the
wind turbine
height
Distance around the
wind turbine
height
Source of potential
hazard
Inattention
Environmental
disturbance
Third parties
Inattention
Poor maintenance
Uncontrolled restarting
Wind turbine interior
Wind turbine interior
Failure to comply with

safety instructions
Distance around the

wind turbine
height
Distance around the
wind turbine
height
Poor meteorological
conditions
Construction area
Transport
Third parties
rotor diameter
Construction materials
unloading area
Initiating event

safety instructions
safety instructions
Poor maintenance
Lightning
Feared event
Wind turbine sections
hanging out of the lorry
and hitting nearby
obstacles
Collision between the
blades and the local
wildlife (bats, birds of
prey, etc.)
Collision between
parachutist and rotor
Collision between
aeroplane and wind
turbine
Maintenance
Objects falling on the

technicians --> injuries
of the rotor
Maintenance
Technician falling
Technician falling
of the rotor
Maintenance
Technician falling
of the rotor
Maintenance
Technician falling
Maintenance
Construction
Limb dragged into the

machinery
Technician falling in
the nacelle
Electrocution and burns
of the technician
Section of mast falling
on technicians
Construction
Objects falling on the

technicians --> injuries
Maintenance
Undetected oil leak -->

Environmental
pollution

turbine
Oil spreading around

the wind turbine in a
collapse
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10.4.3 Risk analysis

Approach
This stage consists of systematically studying all the scenarios, looking for their causes and
identifying the associated preventive measures.
In addition, it reviews the possible consequences and identifies control measures.
Lastly, it can define the severity and probability level of each scenario and deduce its risk
level.
Presentation of severity and probability scales
The scales used to estimate the probability and severity levels are taken from Senegal's hazard
study methodological guide.
Assessing the risk level consists of considering it as being the product of two factors, namely
the probability of occurrence P and the importance of the severity S.
Risk = Probability x Severity

The appearance probability levels can go from improbable to frequent and the severity levels
from negligible to catastrophic (see next table).
Table 67: Levels of factors (P, 2) in preparing a risk matrix
Probability scale (P)
Score
IP = improbable
P2 = rare
P3 = occasional
P4 = frequent
Meaning
Never seen with this
type of installation;
Almost impossible
with this type of
installation.
Already encountered
in this type of
establishment;
Possible in this
establishment
Already encountered
in this type of
installation;
Occasional, but can
sometimes happen
with this type of
installation
Happens two or three
times in the
establishment
Severity scale (S)

Score
IS = negligible
S2 = minor
S3 = significant
S4 = critical
Meaning
Minor impact on the
personnel
No operation shutdown
Few environmental effects
Medical care for the
personnel
Minor damage
Small loss of products
Minor environmental effects
Personnel seriously injured
(extended time off work)
Limited damage
Partial shutdown of the
operation
significant environmental
effects
Handicapping injury for life
(1 to 3 deaths)
Major damage
Partial shutdown of the
operation
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Probability scale (P)

Score
Severity scale (S)
Meaning
Score
Meaning
significant environmental
effects
Happens several times a

year with the
installations (more than
three times a year)
P5 = constant
S5 = catastrophic
Several deaths
Very extensive damage
Long production shutdown
By combining the two levels (P, S) we form a matrix of risks deemed acceptable or not. We
have simply produced an assessment grill of the risk level in operating the establishment by
allocating a colour code from green to red (Table 62).
Table 68: Risk level matrix
P5
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
55
54
53
52
51
45
44
43
42
41
35
34
33
32
31
25
15
24
14
23
13
22
12
21
11
P4
P3
P2
IP
Meaning of the colours:
A very limited risk (tolerable) will be considered as acceptable and will be coloured
green. In this case, no action is required;
Yellow means a significant risk. In this case, a reduction plan must be implemented in
the short, medium and long term;
While an unacceptable risk level is going to need a detailed study of major accident
scenarios. The site must have immediate reduction measures by setting up prevention and
protection means. It is represented by the colour red.
Unacceptably high risk level
Significant risk level
Acceptable risk level
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10.4.4 Presentation of risk analysis tables

The risk analysis is prepared using HAZOP tables. The HAZOP method (HAZard
OPerability) was developed by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the early 1970s. Since
then it has been adapted by miscellaneous activity sectors.
HAZOP considers the potential deviations of the main parameters in operating the
installation. It therefore focuses on the operation of the process.
The next tables summarize the analysis results and risk levels of different scenarios:
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Table 69: Summary analysis and presentation of initial risk levels

Hazardous events
Causes
Consequences
IS
Initial risk level
S3
32
IP
Igniting of fire in the inside

sections of the wind
turbine
Overheating of mechanical
parts
Humidity,
Lightning,
electrical malfunction
Misalignment of the generator,
defective part,
defective lubrication
Fire in all or part of the wind

turbine
Outbreak of fire
turbine
Outbreak of fire
Rotor overspeed, defective

pitch, overheating of
mechanical parts and
ignition of fire
Strong wind,
lightning

turbine
Outbreak of fire
Defective cell protection

creating an overvoltage
Flow outside the nacelle
and along the mast, then on
the soil with infiltration
Accidental spillage of
hazardous products during
maintenance operations
Flow of fluids outside the
wind turbine and soil
pollution
Significant crack(s),
damage to/brittleness of
the fixing devices.
Brittleness of the blade,
damage to the blade
structure
P3
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
Climatic conditions, rodent

turbine
Outbreak of fire
P3
S3
33
Leaking lubrication system
Environmental pollution
P4
S3
43
Spilling of fluids
P4
S3
43
Leaking converter
P4
S3
43
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
Structural fatigue,
corrosion
Lightning
Falling element/part of element of

the wind turbine with risk of
impact on the target
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Hazardous events
Causes
Consequences
IS
Initial risk level
P2
S3
33
P3
S3
33
P4
S3
43
P4
S3
43
P4
S3
43
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
IP
Structural fault in the blade
Brittleness of the nacelle

fixings
Significant crack(s)
Too much stress

applied to the blades
Faulty fixing of blades to
the hub
Manufacturing fault in the blade

or dimensioning error
Faulty nacelle fixing
Brittleness of the blade, wear on
the blade,
fatigue,
degradation of the blade due to
difficult climatic conditions,
corrosion
Strong winds
Inappropriate tightening or
loosening of blade dowels
Damage to the devices

fixing blades to the hub,
damage to the blade
structure
Fire in the nacelle (electrical

malfunction, overheating due to
a technical fault in the braking
system)
Major damage to the blade

structure
Blade struck by lightning
Manufacturing fault in the

blade or dimensioning
error
Structural fault in the blade

Projection of a blade fragment
when the wind turbine is moving
and risk of impact on the target
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Hazardous events
Causes
Consequences
IS
Initial risk level
IP
Stress (e.g. strong winds)

applied to the machine
exceeding the assumptions
made in the dimensioning
Brittleness of the tower

(fixing to the foundations,
junction of tower sections)
by the stress applied to the
tower
Brittleness of the wind
turbine structure or certain
of its components
(foundation)
Error in dimensioning the

foundation
Projection/falling of fragments
and falling of the mast
P3
S3
33
Strong winds/Fatigue
P3
S3
33
Impact between the wind

turbine mast and a fire vehicle
P3
S3
33
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10.4.5 Detailed study of scenarios retained

Under the hazard study regulations, only the scenarios retained for their potential impact on
human targets will be subjected to a detailed analysis of risks presented. The others will,
however, be subject to additional measures.
The causes retained that may have consequences potentially impacting human targets are as
follows:
Brittleness of the blade (wear on the blade, fatigue, degradation of the blade due to
difficult climatic conditions, corrosion, etc.)
Inappropriate tightening or loosening of blade dowels, etc.
Dimensioning error, mechanical shocks, unfavorable climatic conditions, etc.
These conditions culminate in scenarios with flying fragments and/or collapse of the wind
turbine.
Also, the scenarios retained for their potential impact on the environment are:
Flow outside the nacelle and along the mast, then on the soil with infiltration
Accidental spillage of hazardous products during maintenance operations
Flow of fluids outside the wind turbine and soil pollution
10.4.6 Analysis by the "bow-tie" method
To study in detail the conditions of occurrence and the possible effects of hazardous phenomena
and to demonstrate more accurately the control of scenarios causing them, it may be necessary to
develop an additional approach to the method used in the preliminary risk analysis and visualise
the possible accidental sequences using a representation called "bow-tie".
The use of such a tool based on tree methods like the fault tree and/or the event tree describes the
scenario better and also provides valuable elements in demonstrating the control of each scenario.
In concrete terms, it is used to:
represent all the combinations of causes (identified during the preliminary risk
analysis phase) that could lead to the hazardous phenomenon studied;
position the safety barriers set up on each "branch";
determine the probability of the phenomenon studied qualitatively and
quantitatively if the available data allows this (confidence level even failure rate
on barrier loading, frequencies of initiating events, etc.).
The various bow-ties of different scenarios are thus represented:

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10.4.7 Implementing safety measures

Beacons on the wind turbines makes them stand out more easily both during the day and at night
and prevent collisions.
Regular maintenance can prevent accidents such as broken blades and falling objects.
Wearing suitable PPE (and work clothes) and complying with safety rules during interventions
on site are defined and must be followed to avoid accidents such as electrocution and falling from
a great height.
Safety training for technicians working on the site will be monitored regularly. Note also the
presence on site of a first aid kit, anti-noise protection and emergency lighting system.
Fall arrestor systems and anchoring points will be fitted.
Constant surveillance via sensors placed on the wind turbine can detect operating deviations in
the system.
In terms of fires, the majority of materials used in the wind turbines are fireproof.
Maintenance will also be able to identify and contain (if necessary) lubricant leaks. Extinguishers
are available in each wind turbine.
The access roads will be maintained regularly to facilitate the passage of fire engines (and local
residents).
Note also the presence of extinguishers and detection and firefighting protection systems.
Regarding the rotor runaway risks in strong winds/storms: the wind turbines are fitted with a
safety system and vibration sensors that block their operation in strong winds.
In addition, as the weather forecasters announce storms in advance, the operation could shutdown
the wind turbines remotely.
Regarding the lightning hazards, internal internal and external (lightning rod) lightning arrestors
are planned for each wind turbine.
In addition, the entire installation is earthed (network of underground cables connecting all the
wind turbines) and each wind turbine will be connected to the earth by a downwards lightning
rod cable located at the end of the earthed nacelle.
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No measure to reduce the special hazard has been introduced for natural phenomena as these
risks are considered as low in this region.
Table 70: Summary of barriers to prevent and mitigate consequences
Prevention measures
1. Preventive maintenance and inspection of
installations
2. Compliance with maintenance and operating
procedures
3. Physical and remote surveillance of the site
and beacons delimiting the area.
4. Protection against the direct and indirect
effects of the lightning (lightning arrestor,
lightning rod)
5. The electrical installations must be checked
and inspected every year by an approved
body.
6. Training of personnel (in extinguishing a fire
and first aid).
7. Test of safety devices according to the
manufacturer's stipulations
8. Earthing and lightning arrestor
Measures to mitigate the consequences of

an accident
1. Scheduling of activities around the wind
turbine installation area.
2. Setting up a correctly dimensioned
network of extinguishers: approach
companies specialising in the distribution
and installation of extinguishers.
3. Have an Internal Operation Plan (POI)
in accordance with the interministerial
order on the POI.
Implementing safety barriers culminates in the bow-ties below:
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Table 71: Summary analysis and presentation of final risk levels

Hazardous events
Causes
Consequences
Igniting of fire in the

inside sections of the
wind turbine
Humidity, lightning,
electrical
malfunction
Fire in all or part

of the wind
turbine
Outbreak of fire
Overheating of
mechanical parts
Misalignment of the
generator, defective
part, defective
lubrication
Rotor overspeed,
defective pitch,
overheating of
mechanical parts and
ignition of fire
Strong wind,
lightning
Defective cell
protection creating
an overvoltage
Flow outside the
nacelle and along the
mast, then on the soil
with infiltration
IP
IS
Risk
level I
Prevention
Non-flammable
materials lightning
arrestor,
Lightning rod detection
of
temperature,
24H surveillance
FP
P3
S3
32
Fire in all or part

of the wind
turbine
Outbreak of fire
P3
S3
33
Imbalance detection,
temperature sensor,
maintenance
P2
Fire in all or part

of the wind
turbine
Outbreak of fire
P3
S3
33
Overspeed detector
P2
P3
S3
33
Maintenance,
alert system
P2
P4
S3
42
Climatic conditions,
rodent
Fire in all or part

of the wind
turbine
Outbreak of fire
Leaking lubrication
system
Environmental
pollution
P2
P3
- Checking oil levels
during maintenance
operations
Controlling the
consequences
Fire extinguishing
Introduction of a rapid
evacuation plan
Limiting the presence of the
personnel in the installation
Fire extinguishing
evacuation plan
Fire extinguishing
evacuation plan
Fire extinguishing
evacuation plan
- Provisional area as a
retention tank
- Provisional collection
floor drain
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FS
FL
Residual
risks
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
S2
22
Loss of
production
S2
22
Loss of
production
S2
22
Loss of
production
S3
33
Pollution
Hazardous events
Accidental spillage
of hazardous
products during
maintenance
operations
Flow of fluids
outside the wind
turbine and soil
pollution
Brittleness of the
blade, damage to the
blade structure
Structural fault in the
blade
Brittleness of the
nacelle fixings
Significant crack(s)
Causes
Consequences
IP
IS
Risk
level I
Spilling of fluids
Environmental
pollution
P4
S3
43
Leaking converter
Environmental
pollution
P4
S3
43
Lightning
Manufacturing fault
in the blade or
dimensioning error
Faulty nacelle fixing
Brittleness of the
blade (wear on the
blade, fatigue,
degradation of the
blade due to difficult
climatic conditions,
corrosion)
Falling
element/part of
element of the
wind turbine with
risk of impact on
the target
Falling
element/part of
element of the
wind turbine with
risk of impact on
the target
Falling
element/part of
element of the
wind turbine with
risk of impact on
the target
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
target
P3
S3
Prevention
- Procedure for
managing emergencies.
- Protecting the
environment in the
event of a leak using
anti-pollution kits
FP
Controlling the
consequences
Residual
risks
FS
FL
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
Pollution
Loss of
equipment
- Regular monitoring by an
operator
Pollution
33
Preventive maintenance
(prevent the degradation
of the state of
equipment)
P2
Infrastructures away from

the wind farm
Evacuation of the personnel
S2
22
P2

the wind farm
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
Loss of
equipment
P2
S3
23
Manufacturing quality
control, preventive
maintenance (blade
inspection)
P3
S3
33
Application of assembly
instructions,
preventive maintenance
P2

the wind farm
S2
22
P4
S3
43
(regular blade
inspection)
P3

the wind farm
S3
33
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Loss of
equipment
Hazardous events
Too much stress
applied to the blades
Faulty fixing of
blades to the hub
Causes
Strong winds
Inappropriate
tightening or
loosening of blade
dowels
Damage to the
devices fixing blades
to the hub, damage to
the blade structure
Fire in the nacelle

(electrical
malfunction,
overheating due to a
technical fault in the
braking system)
Major damage to the

blade structure
Blade struck by
lightning
Manufacturing fault
in the blade or
dimensioning error
Structural fault in the

blade
Consequences
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
target
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
target
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
target
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
target
Projection of a
blade fragment
when the wind
turbine is moving
and risk of
impact on the
IP
IS
Risk
level I
P4
S3
43
Prevention
FP
P3
Automatic shutdown
above a wind speed
fixed by the type of
machine
P4
S3
43
Application of assembly
instructions, preventive
maintenance
Controlling the
consequences
the wind farm
FS
FL
S3
33
Residual
risks
Loss of
production
P3

the wind farm
S3
33
Loss of
production
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
P3
S3
33
Fire detection,
preventive maintenance
P2
Fire extinguishing
evacuation plan
P3
S3
33
Lightning protection
installation
P2

the wind farm
S2
22
Loss of
production
P2

the wind farm
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
P3
S3
33
Manufacturing quality
control, preventive
maintenance (blade
inspection)
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Hazardous events
Causes
Consequences
IP
IS
Risk
level I
Prevention
FP
Controlling the
consequences
FS
FL
Residual
risks
P2

the wind farm
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
S2
22
target
Stress (e.g. strong
winds) applied to the
machine exceeding
the assumptions
made in the
dimensioning
Brittleness of the
tower (fixing to the
foundations, junction
of tower sections) by
the stress applied to
the tower
Brittleness of the
wind turbine
structure or certain of
its components
(foundation)
Error in
dimensioning the
foundation
Strong winds/Fatigue
Impact between the

wind turbine mast
and a fire vehicle
Projection/
falling of
fragments and
falling of the
mast
Projection/
falling of
fragments and
falling of the
mast
Projection/
falling of
fragments and
falling of the
mast
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
P3
S3
33
Application of
manufacturer's
specifications, technical
inspection of the
construction
of the tower
Low kinetic energy of
farm vehicles, few visits
Use of non-flammable
materials for the tower
(steel or concrete)
P2
P2

the wind farm
the wind farm
275
Interim Report
Loss of
equipment
S2
22
Loss of
equipment
10.5 DETAILED STUDY OF BLADES FLYING THROUGH THE AIR

These incidents have been considered in the preliminary risk analysis as critical scenarios and
should thus be the subject of a detailed risk analysis according to the installation retained.
To assess the increasing risks, we use the ballistic method to check for an acceptable risk
level for each scenario for all potential targets identified in the areas surrounding the wind
turbines.
The probability of the risk must be below the level of acceptability considered for it to be
deemed acceptable. Thus, a probability calculation will determin the probabilities of a
complete blade or blade fragments flying through the air onto a potential target considered in
our case as suffering significant lethal effects. In this case, the risk index can be assimilated
with the probability of collision between a flying object and a target.
10.5.1 Thresholds
For information, regarding the values for the effect thresholds relating to the impact of a
flying object, the French standards state that "Given the limited knowledge in determining and
modelling effects of flying objects, the assessment of these effects of a hazardous
phenomenon requires, if appropriate, a case-by-case analysis, justified by the operator".
The effects thresholds proposed characterize hazardous phenomena where the intensity is
applied in all directions around the origin of the phenomenon and decreases based on the
distance (for example a fire or explosion).
Three thresholds are required for each type of effect (overpressure, toxic and thermal):
threshold of significant lethal effects, thresholds of lethal effects and thresholds of irreversible
effects.
These thresholds define areas in which people exposed will suffer a more or less high risk:
- People in the area of significant lethal effects will be exposed to a risk of lethality of
100% to 5%;
- People in the area of lethal effects will be exposed to a risk of lethality of 5% to 1%;
- People in the area of irreversible effects will be exposed to a risk of irreversible injury.
In the case of scenarios involving wind turbine components flying through the air, the notion
of "effect threshold" is not applicable: the intensity of the phenomenon does not decrease
based on the distance but is applied in a well-delimited area at a constant intensity (at the area
of impact of the wind turbine component).
It is proposed here that this intensity corresponds to a lethality of 5% to 1% in the impacted
area (i.e. the level of threshold of lethal effects)).
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Interim Report
10.6 DETAILS OF CALCULATIONS OF SCENARIOS OF WIND TURBINE

FRAGMENTS FLYING THROUGH THE AIR
Given the presence of rural roads, several pedestrian tracks and power sub-stations near the
wind generators, a ballistic study has calculated the maximum range of any fragments should
a blade accidentally rupture totally or partially.
The impacted area is considered to correspond to a lethality of 5% to 1% covering a circular
area with a maximum radius to determine around each wind turbine.
10.6.1 Ballistic study of broken blades: Description of scenarios
The principle of the trajectory and input data for the modelling is according to this diagram:
Three scenarios have been retained for each wind turbine:

- rupture of an entire blade;
- rupture of the end quarter of a blade (25% of the total length);
- rupture of the tip of a blade (5% of the total length).
The study is conducted for each base scenario for the maximum rotating speed that shuts the
turbine down in the event of overspeed.
10.6.2 Calculation methodology and assumptions
1. The ballistic calculations were performed using a model developed by our firm.
277
Interim Report
2. Air resistance was taken into account as a linear function of the square of the speed of the
flying object.
2. The resulting differential equation is solved by separation of variables.
3. The rebound effect of the flying object once falling to the ground will not be taken into
account to model the physical phenomenon. In addition, we shall assume that the flying object
takes an ordered flight path and does not turn off an axis.
4. The model's input data are:
- the fragment mass m in (kg);
- the height of the mast Hmast (m)
- the initial speed of the fragment V0 (m/s); this involves the linear speed of the centre
of gravity (V0) of the fragment when the blade ruptures, where V0 = 2pi*N with N:
rotor rotating speed (rpm) and RG: position of the centre of gravity of the fragment in
question (m);
- the angle of departure of the fragment Alpha0 ();
- the initial position of the fragment RG in (m);
- the initial height of the fragment L in (m);
- the mean maximum cross section or thrown surface of the fragment S (m);
- the coefficient of drag (dimensionless) taken as equal to 0.5 (value for a sphere
(envelope));
- the maximum distance reached Xmax in (m);
- the maximum height reached (m);
- the flight time tflight in (s);
- the speed of impact on the ground (m/s).
5. The results from the software relate to:
- the maximum distance reached (m);
- the maximum height reached (m);
- the flight time (s);
- the speed of impact on the ground (m/s).
6. Under this study, only the results relating to the maximum distance reached will be
exploited.
7. The assumptions retained for broken blades are:
- the rotor turns correctly despite the fact that the blades are damaged;
- the fragment in question breaks off cleanly without being held.
8. In addition, conservatively, any obstacles or characteristics on the ground that could hinder
the trajectory of blade fragments are not taken into account.
NB:
- The principle of ballistic calculations is presented in the annex.
278
Interim Report
- The detailed characteristics of the wind turbine that are required for the calculations
are provided in the annex.
10.6.3 Principle of ballistic calculations
The initial speed of the flying object (bit of blade) Vo = 2 Ncrit x RG
Ncrit critical rotating speed of the wind turbine that causes it to shut down through
overspeed.
RG - initial position of the centre of gravity of the fragment in relation to the rotating axis of
the blades.
The speed is broken down according to the Z axis and the X axis:
Therefore,
Voz = Vo sin
Vox = Vo cos
- Angle of detachment of the bit of pole with respect to the horizontal.
Fundamental relation of the dynamics: F = m c (1)

(1) flying through the air following the x and z axes gives:
m (dVx / dt) = - (1/2) .o .Cdlong .S.Vx
(1.a)
m (dVz / dt) = - mg - (1/2). o .Cdlong. S.Vz
(1.b)
This gives
k = ((1/2) .o .Cdlong .S )/m
NB:
(1) The written model takes account here of the air resistance as proportional to the square of
the speed of the flying object.
Equations (1.a) and (1.b) then become:
(dVx / dt) + k.Vx = 0
(2.a)
(dVz / dt) + k.Vz = 0
(2.b)
The integration of each differential equation by the variable separation method gives: Vx =
Vx(t) et Vy = Vy (t).
The parametric equations of the movement: ( X = X (t) et Z = Z (t) ) are obtained by the
formulae:
(dVx / dt) = Vx
(3.a)
(dVz / dt) = Vz
(3.b)
The system above gives tflight and Xmax simultaneously (flight time and maximum range).
These parameters cannot be calculated explicitly. The system of differential equations (I)
must be solved numerically (by software or iterations), with Vox, Voz as parameters.
The restrictions to be imposed for the resolution are:
X (tflight) = Xmax
Z(tflight) = 0
279
Interim Report
10.6.4 Calculation results and graphic representation of distances of effects.

We present below the results of the ballistic calculation for different angles of projection and
the associated graphic representation.
F Entire blade flying through the air
Table 72: Calculation results for an entire blade flying through the air
Hmast (m)
Blade length (m)
Ncrit (rpm)
Rho (kg/m3)
Cd_long
S (m2)
m (kg)
K
Alpha(0) (degree)
W (rad/s)
RG(m)
V(0) (m/s)
Vz(0) (m/s)
C1
tflight (s)
CGz(tflight) (m)
119
54.65
17.66
1.225
0.5
4.9
11000
0.00013642
0
1.84935088
13.6625
25.2667563
0
0
5.2
9.8197E-09
119
54.65
17.66
1.225
0.5
4.9
11000
0.00013642
20
1.84935088
13.6625
25.2667563
8.64173962
0.88060652
6.1
1.3646E-08
119
54.65
17.66
1.225
0.5
4.9
11000
0.00013642
25
1.84935088
13.6625
25.2667563
10.6781926
1.087926
6.4
1.577E-08
119
54.65
17.66
1.225
0.5
4.9
11000
0.00013642
38
1.84935088
13.6625
25.2667563
15.5557685
1.58393016
7.0
4.878E-08
119
54.65
17.66
1.225
0.5
4.9
11000
0.00013642
45
1.84935088
13.6625
25.2667563
17.8662947
1.81854527
7.3
6.5164E-08
Vx(0) (m/s)
25.2667563
23.7429845
22.899458
19.9104757
17.8662947
130
144
145
138
129
Xmax (m)
280
Interim Report
Map 16: Distances of effect for an entire blade flying through the air
F End quarter of a blade flying through the air

Table 73: Calculation results for an end quarter of a blade flying through the air
Hmast (m)
119
119
119
119
119
13.6625
13.6625
13.6625
13.6625
13.6625
Ncrit (rpm)
17.66
17.66
17.66
17.66
17.66
Rho (kg/m3)
1.225
1.225
1.225
1.225
1.225
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
Blade length (m)
Cd_long
S (m2)
m (kg)
675
675
675
675
675
0.00034481
0.00034481
0.00034481
0.00034481
0.00034481
20
25
38
45
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
47.81875
47.81875
47.81875
47.81875
47.81875
88.4336472
88.4336472
88.4336472
88.4336472
88.4336472
Vz(0) (m/s)
30.2460887
37.3736742
54.4451897
62.5320316
C1
3.0507656
3.7491791
5.36843389
6.10422639
5.8
9.6
10.6
13.2
14.4
K
Alpha(0) (degree)
W (rad/s)
RG(m)
V(0) (m/s)
tflight (s)
281
Interim Report
CGz(tflight) (m)
8.2454E-07
-1.1278E-07
-1.823E-07
2.5562E-07
-4.0495E-08
Vx(0) (m/s)
88.4336472
83.1004457
80.1481031
69.686665
62.5320316
470
702
745
798
785
Xmax (m)
Map 17: Distances of effect for an end quarter of a blade flying through the air
F Tip of a blade flying through the air

Table 74: Calculation results for the tip of a blade flying through the air
Hmast (m)
119
119
119
119
119
Blade length (m)
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.24
Ncrit (rpm)
17.66
17.66
17.66
17.66
17.66
Rho (kg/m3)
1.225
1.225
1.225
1.225
1.225
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
S (m2)
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
m (kg)
56
56
56
56
56
0.00076563
0.00076563
0.00076563
0.00076563
0.00076563
20
25
38
45
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
1.84935088
52.41
52.41
52.41
52.41
52.41
Cd_long
K
Alpha(0) (degree)
W (rad/s)
RG(m)
282
Interim Report
V(0) (m/s)
96.9244794
96.9244794
96.9244794
96.9244794
96.9244794
Vz(0) (m/s)
33.1501243
40.962055
59.672668
68.5359566
C1
3.28729559
4.00638074
5.59794997
6.28203689
5.8
9.9
10.9
13.5
14.6
CGz(tflight) (m)
-2.2641E-07
6.4546E-07
-1.3553E-07
3.5452E-07
-1.2017E-07
Vx(0) (m/s)
96.9244794
91.079218
87.8434104
76.377532
68.5359566
466
684
720
759
744
tflight (s)
Xmax (m)
Map 18: Distances of effect for the tip of a blade flying through the air
10.6.5 Summary of results obtained

We present below the results of the ballistic calculation for different angles of projection:
Table 75: Calculation results for an entire blade flying through the air
Type of fragment
Angle of projection in degrees
Maximum distances in m
0
20
25
38
45
Entire blade
130
144
145
138
129
End quarter of a blade
470
702
745
798
785
283
Interim Report
Tip of a blade
466
684
720
759
744
v We have the maximum distances with an angle of projection of 38.

v The maximum distance retained is 759 m. It will be used to calculate probabilities of
reaching potential targets with even an overestimation up to 1 km (1000 m).
10.6.6 Identifying targets
The targets identified below in a radius of 1 km around the wind turbines are likely to be
influenced by the ballistic calculation.
The targets likely to be influenced are listed in the next map with two groups of ten wind
turbines, i.e. groups (G1 and G2) and (G3, G4 and G5).
Map 19: Identification of targets influenced for groups G1 and G2
Map 20: Identification of targets influenced for groups G3, G4 and G5
284
Interim Report
The next tables summarize the maps above with the actual distances indicated in yellow in the
tables:
Table 76: Distance between the targets and group 1 of the wind turbines
CR1
CR2
CR3
E1
171
403
312
E2
225
299
E3
547
240
E4
900
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
528
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
E1
0
> 1 km
138
CR4
>1
km
>1
km
CR5
240
676
> 1 km
665
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
281
852
CR6
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
> 1 km
20
> 1 km
421
413
948
684
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
453
494
935
>1
KM
50
334
502
735
CR7
645
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR8
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
656
>1
km
CR9
247
>1
km
442
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
806
>1
km
875
CR1
0
>1
km
CR1
1
690
CR1
2
>1
km
857
298
711
464
132
290
>1
km
535
701
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
624
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
900
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR1
3
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
798
622
490
CR1
4
CR1
5
CR1
6
CR1
7
CR1
8
CR1
9
CR2
0
546
870
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
540
778
971
691
716
610
961
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
905
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
366
698
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
755
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
948
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
855
>1
km
535
903
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
285
Interim Report
CR2
1
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
808
462
37
E
11
E
12
E
13
E
14
E
15
E
16
E
17
E
18
E
19
E
20
E
21
E
22
CR
1
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
4
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
5
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
789
610
CR 2
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
918
>
1
KM
951
30
846
418
379
920
>1
km
>1
km
195
25
CR
7
>1
km
>1
km
CR
22
>1
km
>1
km
461
961
25
540
443
222
922
487
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
23
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
24
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
25
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
28
411
664
464
39
604
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
778
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
927
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
447
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
373
774
475
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
27
710
>1
km
218
>1
km
CR
26
76
65
494
943
CR
29
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
30
460
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
582
458
347
232
472
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
31
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
32
>1
km
CR
33
CR
34
CR
35
CR
36
20
CR
37
>1
km
>1
km
CR
38
>1
km
>1
km
814
504
737
460
731
373
153
262
272
86
308
939
190
567
589
658
636
649
>1
km
961
>1
km
893
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
978
CR
39
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
40
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
160
532
803
933
CR
41
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
185
405
444
961
>1
km
681
>1
km
>1
km
792
>1
km
>1
km
103
126
460
707
605
487
816
220
582
220
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
170
775
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
393
605
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
PL
1
>1
km
>1
km
827
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
R
70
778
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
780
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
E
23
E
24
E
25
E
26
E
27
E
28
E
29
E
30
E
31
E
32
E
33
CR
42
CR
43
CR
44
CR
45
CR
46
CR
47
80
120
479
335
441
479
527
329
172
764
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
906
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
103
977
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
553
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
519
926
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
956
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
48
>1
km
828
575
395
847
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
49
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
50
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
708
CR
51
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
686
588
948
236
452
716
211
304
730
586
164
523
31
979
>1
km
850
CR
52
>1
km
>1
km
211
201
775
282
24
619
582
72
CR
55
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
247
748
141
728
273
CR
57
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
25
930
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
436
278
541
913
873
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
172
957
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
613
699
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
53
CR
54
605
605
582
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
56
>1
km
863
455
167
568
822
>1
km
>1
km
CR
58
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
59
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
842
672
358
223
99
CR
60
>1
km
819
366
86
535
985
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
61
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR
62
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
811
CR
63
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
751
725
988
368
726
616
341
899
>1
km
>1
km
430
300
419
631
>1
km
CR
64
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
PL
2
>1
km
>1
km
820
570
132
436
699
>1
km
996
893
722
CR 58
E
34
E
35
E
36
E
37
E
38
E
39
E
40
E
41
E
42
CR 65
CR 66
CR 67
CR 68
CR 69
CR 70
463
266
593
272
465
156
404
517
114
833
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
288
186
744
458
35
657
260
830
241
772
259
920
>1
km
618
>1
km
938
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
690
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
600
149
314
512
793
999
918
>1
km
162
CR 71
>1
km
>1
km
363
703
825
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
261
CR 72
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
172
782
637
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
309
CR 73
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
163
635
>1
km
570
CR 73
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
310
864
862
165
392
CR 74
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
79
635
>1
km
80
574
CR 75
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
540
130
574
547
CR 72
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
CR 76
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
729
CR 77
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
273
636
CR 78
>1
km
>1
km
680
361
21
480
970
>1
km
>1
km
R 702
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
PL 3
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
>1
km
875
959
E 43
CR 80
CR 81
CR 82
CR 83
CR 84
CR 85
CR 86
CR 87
CR 88
CR 89
CR 90
CR 91
CR 92
CR 93
CR 94
CR 95
504
362
741
936
155
43
331
569
522
682
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
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Interim Report
E 44
796
691
924
> 1 km
392
448
736
643
164
288
678
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
E 45
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
690
853
> 1 km
755
167
187
541
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
E 46
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
574
45
295
338
878
> 1 km
917
> 1 km
> 1 km
E 47
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
408
130
463
200
818
749
839
> 1 km
> 1 km
E 48
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
358
277
768
125
490
500
796
> 1 km
878
E 49
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
457
379
> 1 km
70
209
387
794
922
664
E 50
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
> 1 km
378
435
> 1 km
153
15
235
687
661
618
10.7 CALCULATIONS OF PROBABILITIES OF IMPACTS OF MAJOR

ACCIDENTS
The targets identified above in a radius of 1 km around the wind turbines are likely to be
influenced by the ballistic calculation.
Those further away than the maximum range of a blade fragment have been removed from the
study as they could not be influenced.
10.7.1 Probability class
Annex I of the Order of 29 September 2005 defines the probability classes that must be used
in the hazard studies to characterize the major accident scenarios:
Table 81: Probability classes of major accidents
LEVELS
Qualitative scale
Common: Has occurred on the
site in question and/or can occur
several times during the lifetime
of installations, despite
potential corrective measures
Probable: Has occurred and/or
can occur during the lifetime of
installations
Improbable: Similar event
already encountered in the
activity sector or in this type of
organization somewhere in the
world, without any corrections
made since guaranteeing a
significant reduction in its
probability
Rare: Has already occurred
but has undergone corrective

measures reducing the
probability significantly
Extremely rare: Possible but
not encountered worldwide. Is
Quantitative scale
(annual probability)
P >10-2
10-3< P 10-2
10-4< P 10-3
10-5< P 10-4
10-5
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Interim Report
Qualitative scale
LEVELS
Quantitative scale
(annual probability)
not impossible in the light of

current knowledge
10.7.2 Probabilities of ejection of a broken blade

Data on the probabilities of a wind turbine blade breaking are available in the expert
assessment document no. 19003, rev. 6 "Wind turbines near protected objects; indications of
minimum distances" from the company Veenker (Germany).
Wind turbines are often near protected objects when being installed (buildings, rural roads
and tracks in this study). These protected objects are subject to the risks of a potential ejection
of rotor blades or bits of rotor blades, ejection of the nacelle or rupture of the mast. In this
study, we shall only consider the ejection of blades.
The studies suggest a probability of occurrence of 6,1.10-4 per year for the ejection of a
rotor blade or bits of rotor blade. This probability incorporates the various operating
modes of the wind turbine.
The ejection usually involves entire blades or small bits. The proportion is given in Table 19.
Table 82: Distribution of the size of fragments
Size of the ejected object
Proportion
Entire blade
0.4
0.2
End quarter of a blade

Tip
0.4
The frequency of occurrence of loss of the entire blade is therefore 2,44.10-4 (6,1.104 * 0.4) per year for one year for one wind turbine.
The frequency of occurrence of loss of the end quarter of a blade is therefore
1,22.10-4 (6,1.10-4 * 0.2) for one year for one wind turbine.
The frequency of occurrence of loss of the tip of a blade is therefore 2,44.10-4
(6,1.10-4 * 0.4) for one year for one wind turbine.
NB: For the risk to be considered acceptable, its probability should be less than 10-5 to be
deemed "extremely rare" or between 10-5 < P 10-4 to be classed in the "rare" cases (See
Table 78).
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10.7.3 Probability of reaching a target

The probability of reaching a target depends on wind frequency and direction and fragment
trajectories, calculated during the ballistic study and of the frequency of broken blades.
Remember that three conditions must be met for a vehicle to be reached:
1- Failure of a wind turbine (broken blade) - Pproj
2- Broken bits reaching the road
- Ps
3- Presence of a vehicle on the section .............- Pveh
The probabilities of broken blades are given in the report. The value 2,44 10-4 will be taken
for a blade tip per year.
Therefore Pproj = 2,44 10-4
Ps = Psi with
Psi = ((frequency Wind1)/100)*(N.angle1/360) + ((freq.Wind2)/100) * (N.angle2/360)
where FrequencyWind1/FrequencyWind2 (see Wind rose)
N.angle1 = N.angle2 = 1 (this is the angle that allows the road to be reached)
NB:
The angles will be taken small to have small road sections.
Pveh = (L/V)*(Nv/(3600.24)) with L = length of the section studied (m)
V = average speed of vehicles (70 km/h)
Nv = daily traffic (number of veh/day)
The probability of reaching a target is the sum of three probabilities.
Preach = Pproj + Ps + Pveh
The approach is similar for people on a track, with:
Ppers = (L/V)*(Nv/(3600.24))
10.7.4 Calculation results
- VEHICLE TARGET: ROAD 798 m FROM THE NEAREST WIND TURBINE
Table 83: Probability of risks

Assumptions:
It will be assumed, in the extremely unfavorable case, that a row of ten wind turbines runs
parallel to the road. This distance will be equal to the footprint length of ten wind turbines
aligned and equal to 5100 m.
Sectors Si of length Xmax*(*D/360) will be taken
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Interim Report
D being the angle for reaching the road ()

Three conditions must be met for a vehicle to be reached:
1. Failure of one wind turbine out of the ten facing the road with a probability called
Pprojection
2. Broken bits reaching the road with a probability called Ps
3. Presence of a vehicle on the section with a probability called Pveh
We assume that in this case the vehicle is reached and we therefore increase the probability by
calculating the total probability.
This will then give:
Preach = Ps * Pveh * Pprojection
The other notations used are:
Lsi = length of the sector Si;
Freq wind1 = Wind frequency in direction 1 (wind rose);
Freq wind2 = Wind frequency in direction 2 (wind rose);
Lsection length of the road section (m) equal to 5100 m;
Vm vehicles Mean speed of vehicles (km/h) taken at 70 Km/h;
Nv Number of vehicles per day on the section in question with ten vehicles/hour, i.e. 240
vehicles/day;
Results
Lsi
Freq wind1
Freq wind2
Number of angle/road
Psi
Ps
6.885323899
0.4
0.35
1
0.044861111
0.448611
Lsection (m)
Vm vehicles (km/h)
Nv (veh/d)
Pveh
Blade flying through the air
5100
70
240
0.202381
0.00122
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Interim Report
Preach
1,11E-05
Conclusions
The simulation gives a probability level D. Therefore it is "rare" that a vehicle will be
reached by broken blades.
This calculated value is all the more reassuring as in reality the roads are not parallel to the
row of ten wind turbines.
- HUMAN TARGET: PERSON STANDING 798 m FROM THE NEAREST WIND
TURBINE
The same approach as used for the vehicles gives:
Lsi
Freq wind1
Freq wind2
Number of angle/road
Psi
6.885323899
0.4
0.35
1
0.044861111
Ps
0.448611
Lsection (m)
Vm persons (km/h)
Np (pers/d)
5100
3.5
6
Ppers
0.10119
Pprojection blade
0.00122
Preach
5,54E-06
Conclusion
The simulation gives a probability level E. Therefore it is "extremely rare" that people will
be reached by broken blades.
10.7.5 CONCLUSIONS
The hazard study of the Taiba wind farm project has identified:
- the risks from the products and processes used,
- the effects of accidents likely to occur on the site,
- existing or envisionedenvisioned measures to reduce the probabilities of occurrence
(prevention) and the effects (protection) of the main feared events.
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Interim Report
The future wind farm mainly shows risks of flying objects and, to a lesser extent, fire.
The Preliminary Risk Analysis identified, by examining feared events, the environmental
consequences and the prevention and protection measures introduced to avoid or limit these
events. Several accident scenarios were selected from these feared events identified in the
Preliminary Risk Analysis to determine the distances of effect relating to different sizes of
broken blades.
The calculated effect areas, corresponding to the distances reached by different sizes of
broken blades ejected at maximum speed, can be up to a radius of 798 m. The effects of these
hazardous phenomena would be collision with human targets, structures and/or protected
species.
It is important to note that in a major accident, mainly a fire that cannot be controlled, specific
emergency and alert means would be triggered.
Thus, overall, the risks of major accidents arising from the activities in the future wind farm
can be considered as sufficiently controlled.
In addition, for each envisioned scenario, analyzed safety barriers exist for all initiating events
(organizational measures, prevention, protection and intervention means identified
systematically under the study).
In particular, the maintenance and surveillance of installations, training of personnel and
safety, servicing and work procedures are essential elements for the safety and smooth
operation of the wind farm and ensure the acceptability of risks at tolerable levels.
The low probabilities of calculated targets being reached also argue in favor of these levels of
acceptable risk for the project.
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11
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The environmental and social management plan makes it possible to implement the mitigation
measures listed below in the light of the potential impacts identified. This plan specifies those
responsible for implementing these measures, their supervision, control and monitoring. It
also contemplates the means of implementing the indicated measures.
The environmental and social management plan comprises a set of measures to mitigate the
negative impacts that are defined according to the three key phases of the project, namely the
preparation, the operating and termination / refurbishment phases.
It also provides details of the methods of implementing these measures and contains a
supervision and monitoring plan, as well as institutional measures to build the capacity of
those responsible for putting it into action and information for local communities.
The goals of the environmental management plan (EMP) are:
to ensure that the project's activities are undertaken in accordance with all the legal
requirements arising from the project's environmental authorization process;
to ensure that the installations will be designed and erected in such a way that the
environmental performance levels forecast in the impact study are achieved and
even exceeded, if possible;
to ensure that the project's environmental commitments are well understood by the
site and operating personnel, including subcontractors:
to ensure that Senegal's environmental policy (see Chapter 3) is adhered to
throughout the project.
The environmental and social management plan (ESMP) also helps to:
implement the developer's commitments to the environment and the Taiba Ndiaye
municipality;
clarify the environmental issues relating to the preparation and operating phases of
the project and to develop a plan and procedures to deal with these issues
specifically;
determine the responsibilities of each stakeholder, including the project developer,
with regard to the EMP;
inform the government authorities and citizens concerned about the information
resulting from the EMP;
establish corrective actions to be introduced if necessary.
The ESMP will be reviewed as needed in order to ensure its relevance and effectiveness. The
proposed amendments will be discussed with the relevant government authorities.
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Interim Report
The following sections present the mitigation actions to be implemented, the administrative
organization which allows the mitigation actions, as well as the main supervision and relevant
monitoring activities, to be effectively implemented.
11.1 IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN
Two types of mitigation measures will be planned to reduce the expected impacts during the
implementation of the various components and activities planned within the scope of this
project:
-
prescriptive measures which must be followed by the developer and its contractors.
specific mitigation actions relating to the reduction of the expected negative effects
on the environmental and social components which are sensitive to the project's
activities.
The aim of these measures is to ensure the environmental balance of the project and that there
is no overall loss of biodiversity. They must be adapted to the impacts identified.
11.1.1 Prescriptive measures
The aim is to ensure that the project complies with applicable regulations, in particular:
11.1.1.1 Conformity with the agreement to grant the site reservation
The implementation of the ESMP is subject to compliance with the agreement entered into
with the Taiba Ndiaye municipality in accordance with the local authorities code and with
land law. The agreement addresses issues such as the safety of people and property, which the
owner must guarantee, fees and rent, as well as compensation and rent to be paid to those
entitled to them.
Taking into account the review of the initial version, the necessary adjustments should be
made concerning the increase of the land tax base to be assigned to PETN.
11.1.1.2 Compliance with environmental regulations
PETN must also ensure compliance with regulations on classified installations. To this end,
all of the documents required to make up a permit dossier should be gathered together and
made available to the competent authorities, in particular the department of classified
establishments of the Directorate for the Environment and Classified Establishments (DEEC).
This detailed impact study report on the installation of the wind farm is an integral part of it.
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Interim Report
11.1.1.3 Compliance with forestry regulations

The carrying out of the activities planned for the project is subject to adherence to forestry
regulations. For this purpose, clearing of trees must comply with the procedures established in
the Forest Code. The areas to be cleared must be indicated in the form of a plan.
The Forestry Sector of Tivaouane will be consulted in order to fulfil the land clearing and
felling tax obligations. In the same respect, an inventory of plant species likely to be cut down
will be approved by the head of the forestry sector before paying the forestry taxes.
Removal of materials (wood, lumber, etc.) must also be authorized by the Forestry Sector.
The start-up of any activity that may affect vegetation must first comply with all the
procedures established by the Forest Code and with forestry guidelines.
This coordination with the forestry services will also be important during the reinstatement of
the wind generator farm's footprint when the farm is dismantled.
11.1.2 Specific impact mitigation measures
The specific measures were proposed to mitigate the various impacts expected during the
implementation of the different project components.
-
The elimination measures help to prevent the impact starting from the project design
phase (for example, the change in location to avoid a sensitive environment). They
reflect the project owner's choices in the design of a lower-impact project.
Reduction or reductive measures aimed at reducing the impact. They concern, for
example, the decrease or increase in the number of wind turbines, the change in the
spacing between wind turbines, the creation of openings in the row of wind turbines,
the distance away from houses, the regulation of the operation of wind turbines, etc.
Compensation and compensatory measures aimed at broadly maintaining the
environments' initial value, for example by reforesting plots to maintain the quality of
afforestation when land clearing is necessary, by purchasing plots in order to ensure
management of the natural heritage, by implementing measures to protect species or
natural environments, etc. They have an effect on the residual impact once the other
types of measures have been implemented. A compensation measure must be related
to the nature of the impact. It is implemented outside the project site.
The project support measures, often of an economic or contractual nature and aimed
at facilitating its acceptance or implementation, for example the launch of social
projects for local inhabitants or the community. They are also aimed at assessing the
real impacts of the project (nature and social monitoring, etc.) and the effectiveness of
the measures.
The table below lists the various measures to be introduced.
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Interim Report
Table 84: Measures to mitigate environmental and social impacts

Potentially sensitive
Critical phase
Potential negative impacts
environmental
component
Soil and sub-soil
Construction
Provisional soil compaction
phase
Sealing of soil following concreting and land
excavation at the bases of the wind generators.
Limited risk of pollution of the soil and
groundwater caused by accidental penetration
of liquid pollutants (construction equipment or
storage: hydrocarbon, hydraulic oils,
lubricants and paint).
Operating phase
Low risk of pollution of the soil and sub-soil:
presence of oil in the wind turbines (around
1,500L/wind turbine), oil in the transformers.
Suitable means of containment in the
installations concerned should reduce this risk.
Risks of pollution during maintenance and oil
changing.
Biotopes, flora and
Construction
Impact on biotopes:
fauna
phase
Decrease in arable areas and potentially in the
initial agricultural production
dust deposit during work;
footprint, land consumption;
land clearance, cutting isolated trees;
alteration to habitats;
trampling of surrounding habitats (works,
walkers) and too many people in the
environments;
increased risks of fire;
introduction of invasive exogenous species;
destruction of protected species,
Mitigation measure
Performance of geotechnical tests in situ.

Agricultural reuse of stripped earth from roads and top soil from the foundations.
Storage of dangerous liquid products (oils, fuel, etc.) during construction in a
containment unit able to contain the tank's entire volume.
Provision of anti-pollution response kits on the site.
Introduction of equipment containing oils (gearbox, transformers, etc.) in a

containment tank of a sufficient size.
Give preference to dry-type transformers over oil-type transformers.
Performance of maintenance according to a well-prepared schedule and taking
all necessary precautions to prevent any leakage of oil or of any other liquid
substance that is dangerous for the environment.
Compensate land owners according to an agreed scale

Protection of notable species in the fields and along the access roads.
Avoidance of sensitive habits and species starting from the project design phase.
Caution when transporting material during construction work; highest level of
protection possible for flora present on the site.
application for an exemption for the destruction of protected species must be
prepared
labelling of sensitive species before work begins and ecological monitoring of
the construction site;
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Interim Report
damage to heritage and/or decisive species

stands.
Temporary changes in soil quality (see effects
on soil and sub-soil).
Pruning or potential removal of certain notable
plants and/or shrubs along the access roads.
Impact on birdlife
direct mortality resulting from collisions with

wind-turbine blades;
interferences and disturbances, which are
reflected by a "barrier effect", a distancing and
sometimes even a loss of habitats in critical
situations.
Operating phase
choice of the period of work and scheduling of construction in line with the
species' calendar, in particular outside the periods when the most sensitive local
species reproduce i.e. between April and September inclusive.
Development of ornithological monitoring to assess the impacts of wind turbines

on birdlife and, particularly, on migratory birds.
creation of a replacement habitat including, for example, the reformation of a
network of hedges, the creation of a land reserve away from the wind farm to
conserve wildlife fallows
marking of wind turbines is needed to limit the impact on birdlife.
Construction
phase:
Landscape
direct and indirect effects on the landscape on

account of
destruction of existing vegetation and opening
up of views; creation or enlargement of access
roads, earthworks, uprooting of trees, soil
compaction
change to the colour and appearance of the
site's plantlife; growth of weeds due to the
introduction of exogenous earth
partial or complete artificialisation of the site
choice of site: this is the main factor that helps to reduce or eliminate most of the
impacts on natural environments and, therefore, on birds;
positioning of wind turbines in order to prevent barrier or funnel effects.
Alignment of the wind farms in parallel to migration routes effectively reduces
the negative effects on migratory birdlife.
introduction of materials, clearing and modification of the track at the end of

construction should be kept to the strict minimum necessary
maintain a load-bearing capacity on the tracks to enable the intervention of
motor vehicles for
maintenance,
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(roads, slopes, areas with no plants, etc.).
Operating phase
o
o
o
creation or modification of existing roads and

the creation of routes intended for operation
and maintenance or, if applicable, the
introduction of wind turbines can have
different consequences on the site:
potential of there being too many users as a
result of the opening of new access routes or
changes made to existing roads;
conflict between activities brought close
together for the first time due to the easier
access for motor vehicles;
abandonment of the site by some of its users,
following the installation of wind turbines.
Strobe effect and reflection of
The developer has already taken steps to ensure that the wind farm has the
lowest possible impact on the landscape (limit to the number of wind turbines,
layout of wind turbines according to houses, installation in lines, etc.).
keep the wind turbine raising areas for maintenance, although it had previously
been recommended that they be removed after smoothly integrating the master
box.
paint the wind turbine mast with a non-reflective coating in order to prevent it
from reflecting sunlight.
Plants (rows of trees, etc.) or developments with similar features will make it easier
to integrate the landscape into the site.
sunlight
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Acoustic environment
Construction
phase:
Operating phase:
Capacity of
equipment and
public
infrastructures
Health and safety
Disturbance caused by construction vehicle

traffic (trucks, cranes), increase in the number
of peak levels per hour.
The noise generated by the site will be audible
not far from the houses closest to the site, but
the sound level should be below the limits.
Increased background noise at immission

points (current background noise very low).
The wind farm's specific noise should not
exceed the limits in the housing areas nearest
the site; the specific noise is very quiet.
Beyond 8 m/s, the noise of the wind should
conceal the noise generated by the wind
turbines: it can be expected that with these
wind speeds, the noise will hardly be audible.
Periodic maintenance of wind turbines to limit mechanical noise.

Performance of a noise assessment after the farm has been installed.
Adaptation of production mode: set a "slow-motion" mode on the wind turbines
(thereby limiting sound emissions) depending on the time of day, week or year.
Construction vehicle traffic and heavy loads

on the unsuitable secondary network (possible
damage to roads and red earth tracks, noise
disturbance, etc.).
No impact on air traffic
The risk of accidents (breakage of blades,
falling masts, fire in the rotor, environmental
pollution, wind turbine parts transported by
road, lightning).
Electromagnetic interference and radiation
risk of disruption to radars;
Establishment of a route for heavy loads in collaboration with the wind turbine
construction company, the police and local authorities.
Day and night markings will be placed on the wind turbines to ensure the safety
of the airspace.
Choice of installation and machines: seek the lowest noise impact possible. This
measure consists of choosing the installation (number, location of wind turbines)
and machines in line with local constraints.
Performance of work on working days (work at the weekend, at dawn and in the
evening should be avoided as much as possible).
Limitation of sound power levels (must not exceed the values taken into account
in the framework of this study).
Put up signs warning of the dangers present on the site (falling objects, electric
risk, construction traffic, etc.) and prohibiting access. These signs must be put up
at the site entrance and on each storage and lifting platform.
Introduction of very strict safety regulations: install barriers on the access roads
to the site: fence off the wind turbines and/or the wind farm in order to prevent
the public from going near them/it; close off access to mast access ladders;
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risks for air safety;

risks of disturbance to radio waves
risk of fire, etc.
install information panels on the risks and on the services to contact in case of
emergency.
(Red) Lighting to warn of the wind farm's existence with a light that does not
affect visual quality on the site or for local residents
Establishment of a structure for dialogue between the authorities, the
surrounding community and the applicants.
Access prohibited to the various potential users (community, sportspeople, etc.)
when wind turbines are being raised and dismantled.
establish a safety zone and design/install wind turbines so that no buildings or
residential areas are located in the path on which blades could fall.
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The work itself is going to produce waste (household waste linked to the presence of workers,
ordinary industrial waste (wood, paper, cloths, metal waste, etc.] and hazardous waste (oils,
electrical wires, etc.).
Furthermore, faulty equipment that will be removed may contain residual materials (waste oil,
electrical waste, heavy metals, etc.).
In order to prevent visual pollution, environmental pollution and/or improper
recovery/recycling, all companies working on the site must follow the waste management
table below:
Table 85: Waste management plan
Type of
Source
Management measure
waste
Construction
work
Faulty
equipment
Final destination
Measure to be taken
at the final destination
None
Domestic
Place waste bins on site
Waste disposal chain

or landfill on a
suitable site
Ordinary
waste
Encourage recycling and

recovery by local
communities
Population
Dangerous
waste
Set up a storage area that

meets standards
Approved buyers
Dangerous
waste
Prevent the loss of residual

materials and reuse by the
local people
PETN
Compliance with
storage and
management standards
Compliance with
storage and
management standards.
11.1.3 Dismantling and reinstating the site

PETN is responsible for dismantling and reinstating the land taken by the wind generator
farm once operation ceases. Superstructures and machines, including foundations and the
power sub-station, will need to be disassembled and removed during the dismantling phase.
This phase causes the same type of impact as the construction phase due to the presence of
construction vehicles. The reinstatement involves returning the wind farm site to Taiba
Ndiaye so that it is capable of being returned to its former use.
These dismantling and reinstatement operations will cover all of the equipment that was
necessary to install and operate the wind turbines, including:
-
the wind turbines' foundations;

powerlines and buried or overhead cables and
in general, all equipment or fixtures related to the operation of the wind turbine, such
as technical installations and the reception.
Reinstatement involves carrying out work aimed at erasing the traces of the operation and
promoting the reintroduction of soil into their place, and more generally, into the agricultural
environment of Taiba Ndiaye. To the extent possible, returning the agricultural land to its
original use will be given priority.
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The reinstatement of the access roads and locations of the foundations must be analyzed
in detail, with regard to revegetation.
In order to define the final state of the site, the data gathered for the site's initial state and its
environment should be relied upon, taking into account the foreseeable evolution of the
environments and of land use. This will also involve taking into account the expected impact
of the dismantling work, and weighing up the advantages/disadvantages of removing all the
foundations or not (which could mean a second phase of disturbance to the natural
environment):
When retuning the land to its original use is not desired, the owner must justify this choice:
-
the reinstatement will propose a new use for the land which meets real needs,
preferably addressing current local concerns;
PETN shall clearly indicate the new user of the land;
the project's technical credibility and its financial balance will be demonstrated, in
terms of initial investment and maintenance of the site, whenever necessary.
The site reinstatement project will specify, at each stage, the technical content of each
substation and calculate the cost of each operation.
The results of the monitoring and regular reports on the environmental impact of the
construction and implementation of the project will be taken into account in order to define
how the site will be reinstated.
11.2 INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
CAPACITY-BUILDING PLAN
11.2.1 Capacity-building for PETN employees
Given the sheer novelty of wind turbine technology, all members of PETN staff and its
subcontractors' employees should receive general training on safety, security and
environmental issues, placing great emphasis on each employee's adherence to the charter for
health and safety, quality and the environment (HSQE). The capacity-building modules would
also benefit from addressing: emergency response procedures, health risks of certain
activities, legal and regulatory obligations applicable to the project.
A detailed program of these training modules should be defined in a Provisional Plan on
employment management, training and awareness-building to be implemented by PETN's
human resources management.
The contractors and subcontractors chosen during the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm life cycle must
also follow all the policies and procedures on safety and the environment incorporated into
the tender documents (DAO) and the technical specifications for the work, for the duration of
their involvement in the project.
11.2.2 Information for local community
Consultation, particularly during the upstream development phases of a wind project, is one
of the keys of success to integrating a wind farm both into its natural and human environment.
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The wind project concerns all the actors in the community, particularly the local population
and its representatives, the State services and associations. Their involvement and
participation in the preparation of the project is essential for to succeed and be socially
accepted.
Given its close connection to sustainable development goals, a wind farm project must be
carried out within a framework of local consultation and coordination.
The table below presents examples of ways in which the public can be involved.
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Table 86: Need for training and information

Project phase
Target audience
Project design
-
-
-
-
-
Impact assessments Building permit - public

briefings
Administrative authorities
Municipal council
Local associations (nature
protection, local residents,
etc.)
Community of Communes Local inhabitants, residents
Local economic players
(farmers, vegetable farming
professionals, ICS, etc.).
Local inhabitants, residents
Public training and information actions

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Release of land taken by

the wind farm and
compensation of PAPs
People affected by the

project
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Construction of the wind

farm
Local inhabitants, residents

- Local community
Operation of the wind farm
The public, residents Local community
-
-
-
-
-
Municipal council decision,

Information on the project's progress in the
municipal newsletter,
Public meeting,
Exhibition, Distribution of brochures,
Visits from other wind farms,
Information website, etc.
Public surveys during the environmental study,
Compensation procedures for people affected by
the project (PAPs)
Presentation of the Environmental Impact Study
(EIS),
On-site information (display board),
Laying the foundation stone,
Compensation procedures
Bodies in charge of handling PAPs
Procedures for filing grievances and complaints
Support for PAPs in managing their
compensation
Training on project drafting and management for
PAPs
Information on construction progress,
Visits to the site,
Official inauguration
Information on the operation of the wind farm,
Presentation by the environmental monitoring
manager
Body responsible for

implementation
PETN
Taiba Ndiaye
municipality
Cost of
implementation
Investment cost
PETN
Municipal council of
Taiba Ndiaye
Prefect of Tivaouane
Department committee
on maintenance
expenses assessment
Investment cost
PETN
Prefect of Tivaouane
Facilitation NGOS
10,000,000
PETN
Investment cost
PETN
3,000,000
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Project phase
Target audience
Public training and information actions

-
-
-
-
-
Improvement of
environmental authorities'
knowledge
Follow-up after installation

of wind turbines
-
-
Directorate for the

Environment and Classified
Establishments (DEEC)
Regional Division of the
Environment and Classified
Establishments of This
(DREEC)
Taiba Ndiaye municipality
SENELEC
-
-
Research institutes
Local people
Body responsible for

implementation
Cost of
implementation
Implementation of good practices during the

work (waste management, disturbance limitation,
etc.)
Organization of technical visits,
Awareness-raising for residents on safety
measures
On-site information boards, etc.
-
-
Visits from wind farm already in operation

Training on good practices for monitoring and
control of risks related to the operation of wind
turbines
PETN
10,000,000
-
-
Training on use of monitoring protocols

Dissemination of results
PETN
UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH
INSTITUTES
7,000,000
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11.2.3 Capacity-building
The success of an environmental study, the aim of which is to ensure that development
projects are ecologically sound and sustainable, depends largely on the environmental
management capacity of the actors involved. As part of this process, capacity-building is a
good practice that is widely used and often required in terms of reference, this being the case
in Sarreole's wind farm project.
Within the scope of this procedure, capacity-building is aimed at improving stakeholders'
environmental expertise, particularly by means of upgrading institutional but also technical
tools, for better control over the whole procedure, and in particular the environmental
supervision and monitoring phases.
The institutional aspects generally relate to the organization of the procedure and to the
updating of the institutional and legal framework. With regard to technical aspects, they are
generally focused on training of personnel and improvements to logistics.
The actions to build institutional and technical capacities proposed in the Sarreole project
have addressed, on the one hand, a major environmental issue, namely ornithological
monitoring and, on the other hand, public safety, in particularly concerning the risks of
disturbance to radars, radio waves and air safety.
In addition, given that this is the first experience of a wind project of this scale in Senegal, it
is important to capitalise on the results and lessons learnt from the environmental supervision
and monitoring program, in order to develop a methodological reference guide for future
environmental assessments of similar projects in Senegal or in the region.
To this end, the following actions have been defined:
Ornithological monitoring:
Training of national park officials on standardised monitoring protocols for the
assessment of the impacts of a wind farm on birdlife developed by the Bird
Protection League (LPO), France;
Detailed inventory during a statistically representative period for birdlife;
Definition of a detailed birdlife monitoring plan and national protocols
(monitoring of deaths of birds and bats, monitoring of behaviour of birds and
bats when flying, monitoring of breeding populations) and implementation of a
regulatory framework;
Purchase of monitoring equipment and training of national park management
(DPN) staff
Annual assessment of the monitoring plan and regulated protocols.
It should be noted that there are several more or less complex and burdensome approaches to
the technical monitoring methods (direct observation, day and night cameras activated by
automatic shock detection, Batcorders or Anabats attached to nacelles, thermal and infrared
cameras, radars, etc.). In scientific terms, these methods, which will be the subject of
protocols, must be validated based on the data relating to the inventory work, but also taking
into account national technical capacities for using and maintaining equipment. Furthermore,
the baseline situation and monitoring must be based on the same protocols in order for the
assessment of the real effects/impacts to be as objective as possible.
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Considering the needs of implementing this strategy as a whole, recruiting an international

technical assistant who already has extensive experience of ornithological monitoring linked
to wind farm projects is recommended.
Public safety
Institutional support in defining public utility easements (protection areas and
coordination areas) relating to the protection of radioelectric transmitting and
receiving centres against electromagnetic obstacles and disturbances;
Institutional support for the implementation of an order on the installation of
wind turbines outside restricted areas subject to aviation easements.
The planning of these actions, which are intended to run for a total of five (05) years, is
presented in the table below. The funding arrangements will be defined in specific agreements
with the national park management (DPN), the Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications
and Posts (ARTP) and the National Civil Aviation Agency of Senegal (ANACIM), approved
by the Ministry in charge of the environment.
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Table 87: Capacity-building plan
Topics
Monitoring of
birdlife
Actions
Training on standardised birdlife
Due date
Duration
Before operation
One week
Technical international assistant
Detailed inventory of birdlife (baseline

situation) and post-installation
monitoring
Public safety
Development of national protocols and

preparation of a draft order
Purchase of ornithological monitoring
materials (in line with regulated
protocols)
Preparation of a draft order on the
definition of public utility easements
relating to the protection of radioelectric
transmitting and receiving centres
against electromagnetic obstacles and
disturbances
Drafting of an order on the installation
of wind turbines outside restricted areas
subject to aviation easements.
Before operation
Before operation
Cost
Beneficiary
body
10,000,000
24 months (48
people/day)
12 months (baseline
situation)
48 months
(environmental followup)
1 month
Remuneration: $1,500/day
Travel and mission fees:
3,500,000 FCFA
PM
DPN/Regional
Inspectorate of
Water and
Forests (IREF)
Meetings: 2,500,000
FCFA
Before Operation
2 month
PM
Before Operation
1 month
Meetings: 2,500,000
FCFA
ARTP
Before Operation
1 month
Meetings: 1,000,000
FCFA
ANACIM
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Topics
Good
environmental
practices and EIS
Actions
Design and editing of a methodological
guide to the implementation of wind
projects
Due date
Duration
After 3 years of
operation
4 month
Cost
Consultants: 15,000,000
FCFA
Editing: 3,000,000
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Beneficiary
body
Directorate for
the
Environment
and Classified
Establishments
(DEEC)
11.3 SUPERVISION AND MONITORING PLAN

Despite the in-depth analysis of environmental and social impacts related to the project, a
certain degree of uncertainty still remains regarding the clarification of impacts and mitigation
measures.
Therefore, there is a need to draw up an environmental supervision and monitoring plan for
the entire project that is equally applicable to the preparation, operating and reinstatement
phases.
This environmental and social supervision and monitoring plan (ESSMP) was designed to
allow the mitigation and environmental and social impact management measures required for
the proposed project to be implemented.
In accordance with international best practices, the developer will implement the specific
measures proposed by the environmental and social impact study (ESIS) aimed at preventing,
mitigating, managing and monitoring the project's environmental and social impacts, from the
preparation phase to the post-closure phase.
The ESSMP covers the important aspects of the design necessary to prevent environmental
and social impacts and the specific measures required to mitigate the unavoidable impacts.
In addition, it is also concerned with preventative measures that help to manage the potential
environmental risks related to the project, as well as with response measures that must be
taken in the event of an emergency.
The implementation of the ESSMP will be the responsibility of PETN, while the supervision
and control of the application of measures will fall under the responsibility of the
DEEC/DREEC of This, specifically the two main divisions: the impact assessment, pollution
and disturbances division and the classified establishments division. These two divisions will
interact with the other government technical services listed in subsection 10.4.1. and with
third parties throughout the implementation of the ESSMP.
11.3.1 Environmental monitoring
11.3.1.1 PETN's commitments
In order to ensure respect for the environment, the developer must take action in two ways
Firstly, the project estimate must include provisions to ensure that physical, biological and
human environments are protected. The developer must ensure that all the standard and
specific mitigation measures outlined in this study, as well as all the measures included in the
permit applications submitted to the government, are described in the estimate.
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These provisions will then be an integral part of the contracts awarded to contractors. A set of
environmental and social clauses will be added to the construction company specifications as
an annex.
Secondly, while work is in progress the developer must ensure that the work supervision plan
is followed. The supervision plan must be prepared before work commences and must specify
the tasks and duties of each member of the team assigned to the project.
While work is in progress the developer must take on an environmental manager, who will
ensure that each of the mitigation measures and requirements contained in this impact study
are respected.
At the end of the work, an environmental monitoring report will be submitted to the
competent authority, the Directorate for the environment.
If the environmental control is not separated from the technical control, the consultancy firm
must consult an accredited environment expert.
11.3.1.2 Environmental monitoring program
PETN's environmental monitoring program will ensure:
compliance with mitigation and compensation measures;
compliance with applicable laws, regulations and requirements, and commitments.
11.3.1.3 Appointment of an environmental officer
PETN will appoint an officer12responsible for environmental monitoring for the construction
and dismantling phases, whose main duties, under the supervision of the project director, will
be:
assist in planning of work requiring environmental monitoring and inform the various
stakeholders (contractors, construction project manager, maintenance officers and
wind farm operators) of environmental requirements;
ensure fulfilment of the monitoring program;
inspect the work;
prepare all the required reports, including the monthly and annual projects required by
PETN management and the government authorities, whenever applicable.
during the operating phase, the operations manager will be in charge of environmental
monitoring.
12
If the technical control is not separated from the environmental supervision/control, it is essential for there to
be an accredited environmental expert in the consultancy firm team
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11.3.1.4 Activities that require monitoring

The project's activities will require environmental monitoring depending on the type, intensity
and duration of the activity.
11.3.1.4.1 Preparation and construction phases
compliance of work, materials used and operations with standards and regulations in
force, as well as with other applicable requirements;
particular attention to limit changes to biophysical components of the environment

(soil, water and vegetation), in particular changes caused by clearing trees and
construction (paths, hoisting platforms, fibre optic cables, wind turbine foundations
and sub-station).
careful coordination to limit periods of work, thereby reducing the impacts on the
environment and local residents' quality of life;
verification of compliance with environmental requirements by all contractors and

those working on the site;
transport of wind turbine components in accordance with safety and environment

protection standards in force;
monitoring of compliance with occupational health and safety standards;
minimisation of risks of accidents by specifically identifying working areas, including

signs when deemed appropriate;
proper management of solid and dangerous waste.

11.3.1.4.2 Operating phase
During this phase, PETN will ensure the following elements:
Observance of environmental monitoring activities for the components of the

environment potentially affected by the project.
Clear identification of areas reserved for the wind farm, in particular the locations of
the wind turbines and the sub-station, by means of signs intended to reduce the risks of
accidents. In the event of a major breakdown posing a risk to the local inhabitants, the
emergency plan will be applied;
compliance with occupational health and safety standards (for example, maintenance
work on wind turbines performed in teams of two or more, mobile communication
system, sufficient training of workers for work on elevated structures);
compliance of wind farm maintenance activities with standards and regulations in
force;
during its operation, the wind farm will undergo the necessary maintenance
operations, planned at regular intervals, and at a rate of twice per year per wind farm,
without exception. These operations will generate solid and liquid waste that must be
managed according to its type.
11.3.1.4.3 Dismantling phase

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Once the operating phase comes to a definitive end, the developer must dismantle the
installations in accordance with regulations in force. The following equipment will be
removed from the area: wind turbines (nacelles and towers), transformers, overhead and
buried power lines, top layer of the concrete base and the connection sub-station.
The environmental monitoring program for this phase includes the elements listed for the
preparation and construction phases, when deemed appropriate. In addition, certain pieces of
project equipment will be dismantled and sent to appropriate recovery and landfill sites, if the
type of material permits.
PETN will produce an environmental monitoring report related to the dismantling activities
for consultation by the directorate for the environment and classified establishments (DEEC).
11.3.1.5 Agreement with competent environmental authority for supervision, inspection
and application of measures
A protocol agreement between the DEEC, Regional Committee of Environmental Monitoring
(CRSE) and PETN will define the support that the developer will give to the effective
supervision of environmental and social measures.
The protocol could also propose recruiting an independent consultant, who would be
responsible for producing supervision reports at all stages of the project.
11.3.2 Environmental monitoring
The aim of the impact study is to conduct an assessment that is as accurate as possible.
However, it is not always possible to accurately assess all the consequences of the
implementation of the project for the environment. It is therefore useful to propose a
monitoring system for support measures or measures to reduce impacts (if the results lead to
the implementation of corrective measures).
Monitoring consists of all the means of analysis and measures needed to oversee the running
of the works and the installations and monitoring of their impacts on the environment.
Monitoring makes it possible to check that the commitments made regarding the environment
are met, by comparing a progress report with the original undertakings. It therefore involves
an initial quality review.
Within the scope of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm, attention is drawn to ecological monitoring
and the monitoring of socio-health measures.
11.3.2.1 Ecological monitoring
Ecological monitoring after the wind turbines have been installed must be reserved for
situations in which the impacts are known or difficult to foresee. Current monitoring focuses
essentially on birds and bats.
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The aim is to monitor the following:

-
deaths of certain sensitive species, for example diurnal and nocturnal migratory birds,
migratory or resident bats, breeding birds of prey, etc.;
behaviours relating to, for example, migratory birds approaching the wind turbines,
seasonal birds staying in the area, travelling breeding birds, etc.;
reproduction, which will help to assess the influence of the wind farm on breeding
populations;
vegetation.
v Monitoring of deaths of birds and bats
The method used to monitor mortality involves looking for dead animals (birds and bats) at
the bottom of wind turbines. It is then necessary to take into account several important
factors, including the effectiveness of the search and the speed with which the remains
disappear, in order to estimate a mortality rate for the whole wind farm.
Monitoring will be based on a representative number of visits and on a short interval between
each visit, in order to minimize bias linked to the disappearance of remains. The timeframe
between each visit must be in proportion to the speed with which remains are disappearing,
which is evaluated in advance on each site, as it is specific to it and varies according to the
season and type of remains.
v Monitoring of flying behaviour (birds and bats)
Monitoring the behaviour of birds will cover disturbances such as the "barrier effect" for
migratory birds, the fragmentation of territories or the breaking up of transit routes, or even
responses involving moving away from stopover and rest areas.
This monitoring will also provide the opportunity to improve scientific knowledge on
behavioural responses of certain local species, the sensitivity to the wind turbines of which is
still unknown.
For bats, monitoring may be carried out by directly observing them or by using devices
triggered by automatic shock detection, etc.
v Monitoring of breeding populations
By monitoring these populations, it is possible to check, for example, that the wind farm is
not leading to reproduction areas being moved away or a loss of habitat, to describe the
operating wind farm's effect on the spread or density of breeding populations, or even to study
gradual habituation, etc.
This monitoring is all the more appropriate given that the impact study is limited in its ability
to judge the sensitivity of populations that reproduce on the wind-farm site and in its
surroundings and/or use it during this period as an feeding or transit area.
v Monitoring of flora and habitats
Monitoring flora and habitats within the scope of a wind farm is only justified in specific
cases, because of the installation's small footprint and because the measures taken during the
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project design and implementation phases are generally sufficient to prevent impact. This
monitoring may involve:
-
monitoring of changes to the size of vegetation groups or stands inhabited by specific

species;
monitoring the development of species intentionally introduced for plants, in order to

prevent uncontrolled development;
monitoring of the development of species or groups benefited by the erection:

appearance of pioneer plant communities linked to new open environments,
establishment of commonplace species or groups of invasive ruderal plants, etc.;
monitoring of the effectiveness of ecological management operations, for example

clearing undergrowth.
11.3.2.2 Socio-health monitoring

Socio-health monitoring must be carried out for the following components of the
environment;
social implications;
telecommunication systems;
sound environment and
the risks and dangers associated with the operation of the wind turbines (accidents and
work, health and safety).
11.3.2.3 Social risk

During the erection phase, managing the social risk must be a priority objective for PETN
management. Minimising the impacts arising from the purchase of land was one of the
project's main criteria, not only in the social risk management strategy but also in all decisions
made involving the choice of location for the project installations.
Setting up a committee to monitor the People affected by the project (PAPs) is essential even
if it is known that the wind farm footprint is the subject of an agreement entered into by the
Taiba Ndiaye municipality and PETN. Monitoring and processing of complaints and
grievances against the wind farm arising from its installation and operation will guarantee
social acceptance of the project.
The reintegration and failure rates of activities funded for PAPs will serve as an indicator for
measuring the relevance and sustainability of compensation.
The social dimension of the reinstatement and dismantling plan will also outline measures
which will be taken as part of the dismantling of the wind farm installations. The main
concerns at this stage should be the project's long-term physical and chemical stability and
restoring, wherever possible, conditions that will enable the project sites to be used profitably
and will protect humans and wildlife species against any potential dangers.
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11.3.2.4 Landscapes
This program must make it possible to assess the impact felt by residents after the first year
that the wind farm is in operation.
11.3.2.5 Telecommunication systems
This monitoring must measure the quality level of telephone signals from different operators
present on the premises when the wind farm is in operation. This evaluation must take place
within the two months following the commissioning of the wind farm.
11.3.2.6 Sound environment
The sound environment must be monitored in the year after the wind farm becomes
operational and repeated after 5, 10 and 15 years of operation. In the event that monitoring of
the sound environment reveals that standards have been exceeded, PETN must implement the
corrective measures identified and check their effectiveness. The measures must be taken
under operating and sound propagation conditions that are representative of the most
significant impacts.
In addition, during the operating phase, the role of the environmental management officer will
involve making sure that the developer protects the environment in all its activities and that it
carries out the environmental activities that fall within its responsibility.
The sound received from a wind farm will be determined by measuring sound at the most
exposed local residences. In order to assess the emissions, measurements when the wind
turbines are in motion and when they are switched off will be required.
In order to obtain samples of residual and ambient noise over relatively homogeneous periods
in terms of weather conditions, residual and ambient noise will preferably be measured during
the wind farm's start-up and shut-down sequences over relatively short durations (depending
on the owners' availabilities).
More specifically, the aforementioned officer will be responsible for:
-
Checking that environmental legislation has been enforced;
Coordinating the activities needs to settle environmental complaints or emergency

response actions;
Maintaining, with respect to environmental issues, the developer's relations with the
regional offices of governmental bodies;
11.3.2.7 Monitoring accidents at work, health and safety

As regards safety, the following will be necessary:
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Interim Report
Placing appropriate signs in strategic locations, in order to remind humans present on the
site for maintenance of the wind farm;
Keeping a log of personal accidents or incidents attributable to the operation of the wind
turbines;
Drawing up an emergency plan covering potential accidents and the risks of breakage,
including appropriate mitigation measures.
This plan will also outline treatment, maintenance and monitoring measures after the closure
of the wind farm, which will be implemented after the closing procedures have been
completed.
The occupational health and safety section describes the measures that will be taken to protect
the health and safety of employees participating in the project's operating phase.
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Interim Report
Table 88: Environmental monitoring program and implementing bodies/individuals

Elements to monitor
Monitoring methods and systems
Implementing
body/individual
Periods
Implementation of
environmental measures
required in the ESMP
Appoint a hygiene, safety and environment office (HSE)

and/or demand one from the supervision office
Monitoring of effectiveness of measures prescribed
(compliance; level of implementation)
Setting up of a compensation committee
Compensation for owners
Preferential employment for local communities
Develop and implement an information and awareness
program for both operating personnel and local inhabitants
Monitoring of PAPs activities
PETN
HSE officer
For the duration of the

project
Monitoring of birdlife
mortality
Wildlife inventory
HSE officer
Monitoring of landscapes
Complaints from residents and farmers in the area
HSE officer
Monitoring of
telecommunication systems
Management of complaints from telephone users in the

Taiba Ndiaye locality
Monitoring of sound
environment
Noise measurements in the vicinity of homes
Monitoring accidents at work,

health and safety
Traffic-related dangers
Social risk management
Costs
1,000,000 / month
PETN
administrative and finance
manager
Site manager
Before lease is signed

During the construction
and operation of the
wind farm
After compensating
PAPs
Wind farm's first three
years of operation
Included in PETN's
investment plan
Including investment
costs
Included in salary
During the 1st year of

operation
During the 1st year of
operation
Included in salary
HSE officer
Every 5 years
Included in salary
Open and keep a record of accidents and incidents in

workstations
HSE officer
Daily
Included in salary
Performance on the road safety plan and number of

accidents
HSE officer
Monthly
Included in salary
HSE officer
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Interim Report
Included in salary
Implementation of emergency
response actions.
Monitoring of number of sessions on sharing, testing and

effectiveness of methods and emergency-response
equipment
HSE officer
This civil protection
Biannual
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Interim Report
500,000
Table 89: Environmental and social Management Planduring the design and erection phases of the wind farm
Potential
Mitigation measure
Period
Implementing
Strategy for
negative impacts
body
implementation
by the
Developer
Provisional soil
Performance of tests on
Engineering phase
PETN
Geotechnical
compaction
the soil to determine the
studies by an
nature of the site.
accredited
laboratory
Indicators
Cost
Monitoring/Re
gulatory
control
Results of tests
10,000,000
PETN
Taiba Ndiaye
rural
community
DREEC/This
and
Monitoring
committee
PETN
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
Construction
manager and
Land owners
Sealing of soil
following
concreting and
land excavation.
Priority reuse of good soil

stripped from roads and
top soil from the
foundations for
agriculture.
Erection phase
PETN
Recycling and
reuse of earth
Volume of earth
recovered
Included in
the special
technical
specifications
(CPTP) for
the work
Pollution of the
soil and
groundwater
caused by
accidental
penetration of
liquid pollutants
(construction or
storage
machinery:
hydrocarbon,
hydraulic oils,
lubricants and
Storage of dangerous
liquid products (oils, fuel,
etc.) during construction
in a containment unit able
to contain the tank's entire
volume.
Erection phase
PETN
Construction
Company
Provision of
anti-pollution
response kits on
the site.
Existence of
containment tanks
Number of
emergency responses
Technical inspection
of construction
vehicles
Included in
the estimate
for the work
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Interim Report
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Construction
manager
paint).
Pollution of the
soil and sub-soil:
presence of oil in
the wind turbines
(around
1,500L/wind
turbine), oil in the
transformers.
Decrease in arable
areas and
production yields
Loss of
agricultural
forestry
production
Introduction of equipment
containing oils (gearbox,
transformers, etc.) in a
containment tank of a
sufficient size.
Engineering phase
Compensate land owners

according to an agreed
scale
Engineering phase
Erection phase
Pruning or
potential removal
of certain notable
plants and/or
shrubs along the
access roads.
Protection of notable
species in the fields and
along the access roads.
Erection phase
PETN
Give preference
to dry-type
transformers
over oil-type
transformers
Idem
PETN
Implement in a
compensation
committee
Number of PAPs
Compensation
amount
Number of
complaints and
claims
To be
determined
with land
owners and
the Municipal
Council of
Taiba Ndiaye
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
Rural Council
Compensation
committee
PETN
IREF
Compensatory
planting
Number of plants
Length of plants
10,000,000
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
Choice of site
Fair and equitable
compensation of PAPs
Included in
the estimate
for the work
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
Committee and
Construction
manager
PETN
Forestry sector
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Interim Report
Damage to
heritage species
stands
Cutting of trees,
clearing
Accidental
introduction of
invasive species
Destruction, loss
or damage to
habitats
(breeding,
wintering)
Birdlife, bats
destruction, loss
or damage of
habitats
destruction of less
Soil from outside the site

not introduced
Reinstatement of stripped
topsoil after the work
Definitive maintenance of
the hoisting area
highly sensitive to
trampling, public
information
Management of
endangered natural
environments,
Choice of site avoiding
migratory routes
Choice of wind turbine
height
Positioning of wind
turbines: outside sensitive
areas, parallel to birds'
paths of travel, opening up
of lines to encourage
transit
Marking of wind turbines
to limit the impact on
birdlife Maintenance of
habitats on the periphery
of the wind farm by crop
rotation management
Verification of absence of
heritage species before
work begins
Rehabilitation or creation
Erection phase
Erection phase
Choice of site
Verification of
absence of
heritage species
before work
begins
PETN
IREF
PETN
Included in the
estimate for the
work
Affected heritage
species
Compensatory
planting
UNAVAILA
BLE
Number of deaths
caused by wind
turbines
Included in
the estimate
for the work
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
PETN
Forestry Sector
of Tivaouane
DEEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
PETN
Forestry sector
Erection
engineering phase
PETN
Choice of site
avoiding sensitive
areas.
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Interim Report
UNAVAILABLE
mobile specimens
of replacement ponds
Noise generated
by the transit of
construction
vehicles (trucks,
cranes), increase
in the number of
peak levels per
hour.
Performance of work on
working days (work at the
weekend, at dawn and in
the evening should be
avoided as much as
possible).
Possible damage
to roads and red
earth tracks,
sound
disturbances, etc.
Limitation of sound power

levels (must not exceed
the values taken into
account in the framework
of this study).
Establishment of a police
escort for heavy loads in
collaboration with the
wind turbine construction
company, the police and
local authorities.
Application for
authorization for outsize
transport
Erection phase
PETN
Construction
Company
Noise level
Staff provided with
personal protective
equipment (PPE)
Residents'
complaints and
grievances
Include in the
CPTP
DREEC/This,
Monitoring
committee
PETN
Erection phase
PETN
Combine civil
protection
% of rotations
escorted
Damage to roads due
to overloading of the
axle
1,500,000
DREEC/This,
Security forces
Directorate for
land transport
PETN
Directorate for
Civil
Protection
(DPC)
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Interim Report
Disturbance of
staff and
neighbours
Release of dust
during works on
wind turbines' and
tracks' footprint
Dust released
during transit of
construction and
heavy vehicles
along the red
earth tracks
Natural risks of
fire following
lightning
Change in spatial
organization,
introduction of
scaling ratios
Interaction with
surrounding
landscape (rural,
urban, industrial)
and with
landscape features
-
Spraying of track running
surface
Lines of plants along
tracks to function as dust
suppressants
Erection phase
Construction
company
PETN
-
-
Presence of
water tanks
Volume of water
consumed to
irrigate tracks
Line of dust
suppressants
Included in
the
construction
company bid
PETN
DREEC/This
Health district
Carry out a lightning

protection study
Erection phase
PETN
Include DPC
46 lightning rods
installed
Included in
the
equipment
planned on
each wind
turbine
PETN
Directorate for
Civil
Protection
(DPC)
Landscape project
Erection phase
PETN
Choice of site
and installation
variable
Proposed landscape
integration project
UNAVAILABLE
PETN
Taiba Ndiaye
municipality
DREEC
Restrict visibility of site

Specific reinstatement
operations
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Interim Report
Table 90: Environmental and social Management Plan during the wind farm operating phase
Strategy for
Potential
Implementing implementation
negative
Mitigation measure
Period
body
by the
impacts
Developer
Fiscal fallout
Tourist fallout
Aid to support operation

of local structures
(agricultural,
associative, tourism,
etc.)
Pollution of the
soil and
groundwater
caused by
accidental
penetration of
liquid pollutants
(construction or
storage
machinery:
hydrocarbon,
hydraulic oils,
lubricants and
paint).
Storage of dangerous
liquid products (oils,
fuel, etc.) during
construction in a
containment unit able to
contain the tank's entire
volume.
Operating
phase
Operating
phase
Taiba Ndiaye
municipality
PETN
Construction
Company
Indicators
Cost
Monitoring/Regulatory
control
Investment to
benefit local
communities in
the wind-farm
area
Municipal revenue
Subsidies granted to
producers'
organizations
Development
projects to benefit
the community
UNAVAILABLE
Taiba Ndiaye
Monitoring committee
Provision of
anti-pollution
response kits
Existence of
containment tanks
Number of
emergency responses
Technical inspection
of construction
vehicles
Included in the
estimate for the
work
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Interim Report
DREEC/This,
Monitoring Committee
and Construction
manager
Pollution during
maintenance
and oil
changing.
Decrease in
arable areas and
production
yields
Trampling of
nearby habitats
by visitors
(indirect effect)
Performance of
maintenance according
to a well-prepared
schedule and taking all
necessary precautions to
prevent any leakage of
oil or of any other liquid
substance that is
dangerous for the
environment.
Compensate land
owners according to an
agreed scale
Definitive maintenance
of the hoisting area
highly sensitive to
trampling, public
information
Management of
endangered natural
environments,
Operating
phase
Operating
phase
Operating
phase
PETN
Emergency
measures
Containment tanks
and anti-pollution
kits
PETN
Implementation
in a PAP
complaints
monitoring
committee
Provide the
committee with
an operating
budget
Number of
complaints and
claims
Disputes solved
PETN
Restoration of
damaged
environments
Stabilisation of
access roads
Restored areas
Communication
tools developed for
visitors
- Included in the
operating budget
DREEC/This,
Monitoring Committee
and Construction
manager
1,500,000
DREEC/This,
Rural Council
Compensation
committee
Included in cost
of work
DEEC/This,
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry Sector of
Tivaouane
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Interim Report
Risk of birds
colliding with a
moving blade
(limited risk);
birds of prey are
however more
sensitive to
lattice towers.
Marking of wind
turbines limit the impact
on birdlife.
"Scarecrow"
effect: risk of
disturbance to
wild birdlife
"Barrier" effect
Various types of
disruption (e.g.
failure of or
drop in
reduction)
Development of
ornithological
monitoring to assess the
impacts of wind
turbines on birdlife
Maintenance of habitats
on the periphery of the
wind farm by crop
rotation management
Protection of breeding
birds
Regulation adapted to
wind turbine operation
Operating
phase
Operating
phase
PETN
Introduction of
research
protocols with
universities and
research
institutes
Monitoring of
deaths
PETN
FORESTRY
SECTOR
Involve
research
institutes and
universities
Number of deaths
caused by wind
turbines
Direct observation of
scarcity of local
wildlife
Existence of
Monitoring results
7,000,000
4,000,000
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Interim Report
DEEC/This,
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry Sector of
Tivaouane
DREEC/This,
Research institutes
PETN
Forestry sector
Noise generated
by transit of
operation and
maintenance
vehicles
Raising the awareness

of operating staff of the
speed limit and
instructions for
respecting the highway
code and traffic signs
Speed limit in
accordance with
recommendations
Erection and
dismantling
phase
PETN
Construction
Company
Awareness-raising
tools developed
Residents'
complaints and
grievances
2,000,000
DREEC/This,
Road safety
PETN
Limitation of sound
power levels (must not
exceed the values taken
into account in the
framework of this
study).
Possible damage
to roads and red
earth tracks,
sound
disturbances,
etc.
Contribute to periodic
maintenance of roads
Contribution to the
Taiba Ndiaye
municipality's budget
for maintenance and
rehabilitation of tracks
Operating
phase
PETN
Combine civil
protection
Taxes paid for

overloading of axle
Budget allocated to
maintenance of
tracks
1,500,000
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Interim Report
DREEC/This,
Security forces
Roads Authority
Directorate for land
transport
PETN
Directorate for Civil
Protection (DPC)
The risk of
accidents
(breakage of
blades, falling
towers, fire in
the rotor,
environmental
pollution, wind
turbine parts
transported by
road, lightning).
Production of
infrasound
Casting of
shadows
Risk of collision
(foundations,
towers),
catching
(bottom of
blades, wires)
Noise of wind
turbines
Light emission
Disturbance to
radio reception
Disturbance in
the vicinity
Choice of site (away

from neighboring
houses)
Public information
Establish an internal
operation plan (IOP)
and test it regularly
Operating
phase
Installation of wind
turbines in the direction
of the wind and
separation of machines
Sound signals
Operating
phase
Choice of site (away

from local residents)
Acoustic optimisation
of the wind farm
Restoration of reception
quality
Clamping of wind
turbines if sound levels
are exceeded
Operating
phase
PETN
Include DPC
PETN
PETN
Existence and test of

IOP
Information
campaign aimed at
populations and
signalling of safety
rules
Incident log
Monitoring
protocol
Complaints from
local residents and
network operators
15,000,000
DREEC/This,
PETN
Protection (DPC)
Taiba Ndiaye local
authority and local
inhabitants
UNAVAILABLE
PETN
Protection (DPC)
DREEC
5,000,000
DREEC
Protection (DPC)
Social security
University of This
Taiba Ndiaye
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Interim Report
Natural risks of
fire following
lightning
Frustration of
neighboring
villages without
electricity
Improvement of
environmental
authorities on
the operation of
the wind farm
Install lightning rods on

wind turbines
Establishment of a
structure for dialogue
between the authorities,
the surrounding
community and the
applicants.
Operating
phase
Operating
phase
PETN
Include DPC
PETN
Involve the
Senegalese
Agency for
Rural
Electrification
(ASER) in
consultation
and
coordination
Contribute to
costs of
connecting
remaining
villages
Number of lightning
rods
Fires linked to
lightning within the
wind farm footprint
Number of villages
with electricity
-
Organization of study
trip and benchmarking
Operating
phase
PETN
Involve Senelec
Number of
participants
Duration and
destination of
trip
Planned on each
wind turbine
7,500,000
10,000,000
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Interim Report
DREEC/This,
PETN
Protection (DPC)
DREEC/This,
PETN
ASER
Taiba Ndiaye local
authority and local
inhabitants
DEEC/DREEC
PETN
Taiba Ndiaye
municipality
Protection (DPC)
11.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

11.4.1 Administrative organization
The ESMP applies to the preparation, commissioning and operation of all the installations,
including the processing plant, as well as to the site closure and reinstatement phases. It
concerns all employees working on the project, including the project's permanent and
temporary staff and contractors' employees.
All of them have specific duties, both on the management and operational levels, involving
maintenance and implementing procedures linked to the ESMP.
Specific mitigation measures identified for each project component, within the immediate
scope of the project and under the responsibility of the aforementioned players, must be
implemented and monitored properly. The methods for implementing supervision and
monitoring the effectiveness of these measures will be organized around a participatory
approach involving several stakeholders, including:
-
the developer;
State technical services (the directorate for the environment and classified
establishments, the directorate for energy, the directorate for water and forests, the
directorate for livestock, the directorate for agriculture, the directorate for civil
protection, the directorate for employment and social security, the roads authority, the
directorate for land transport, etc.);
This regional commission of civil protection;
research and training institutes in the region: Universities of This, ENSA, CNRA, etc.
Taiba Ndiaye municipality.
With regard to the need for synergy between these stakeholders, several specific actions are
needed to facilitate the implementation of environmental and social measures, and the
emergency measures recommended by this Environmental Impact Study.
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Interim Report
Table 91: Summary of administrative organization

Stakeholder category Socioeconomic aspects
Technical services
- Inform local authorities and civil

society about the content of the
agreement between the Municipality
and the project developer;
- Build local population's response
capacity in order to assist in the
implementation of the project;
- Inform and raise awareness among
local populations about Senegal's
environmental policy;
- Transfer a share of public revenue
generated by the project to local
administrations, in accordance with
rules governing the decentralization
and management of local resources;
- Ensure that the environment and
natural resources are conserved within
the scope of the project
implementation
Environmental aspects
Information/communication
End-of-life management
- build institutional project

supervision and monitoring
capacities;
- enforce legislative instruments
on the environment;
- conduct periodic environmental
checks in the project area;
- regularly inspect the project
activities and management of
dangerous products used;
- require that sites are
rehabilitated after dismantling
the wind farm
- ensure wide dissemination of

legislative and regulatory texts
applicable to the project;
- organize a platform for dialogue on
environmental issues in the
installation area of the two wind
farms
- require a report on the

dismantling work and
reinstatement of the wind
farm sites;
- create a framework for
cooperation and
monitoring of the
dismantling plan, including
all stakeholders involved;
- certify the performance of
rehabilitation work.
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Interim Report
Developer (Sarreole)
- Enforce the laws and agreements

signed with the Taiba Ndiaye
municipality;
- Enforce sectoral regulations (codes
and standards) and the law on the
Environment Code;
- Rehabilitate or strengthen
infrastructure, in the fields of health,
education and water, so that they meet
the local inhabitants' actual needs;
- Adopt a preferential hiring policy for
indigenous communities;
- guarantee the independent control and
improvement of environmental and
social conditions in the project area;
- conserve natural resources and
optimal protection for local residents
quality of life;
- ensure that electrical energy
generation activities are monitored
and that mechanisms to mitigate the
impact of the project on the
environment are implemented.
- Follow the recommendations of

the environmental and social
impact study
- involve local communities in
the monitoring of wind-farm
site dismantling programs;
- support the funding of
environmental conservation
activities in the project area;
- ensure the preparation,
implementation and follow-up
of a site rehabilitation plan once
operation has ceased;
- build local populations'
technical capacities and
environmental knowledge in
order to better prepare them to
assist in the project;
- conduct periodic environmental
audits to guarantee the
effectiveness of existing
systems;
- actively support environmental
protection.
- Implement a voluntary wind-farm

related incidents and accidents
reporting system with professional
organizations
- draw up a strategy for
communication and sharing
experiences with local communities
- raise awareness among, inform and
train local populations and
administration.
- at the start of operation, set

up a rehabilitation fund
covering all the expenses;
- rehabilitate the sites in line
with the proposed work
schedule;
- monitor and control the
implementation of the
rehabilitation program, by
respecting the established
timing;
University and
research institutes
- Assign corporate social responsibility

(CSR) procedures to the scientific and
technical research department
- Improved knowledge of the

ecological impact of wind
turbines
- Improve the state of knowledge
of the health impacts of wind
turbines
- Call for applications from

potentially eligible structures
- Dissemination of monitoring results
for university research
- Adapt the dismantling

schedule by capitalising on
knowledge acquired
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Interim Report
Local authorities and

populations
- support the project so that benefits can

be gained from it that are of help to
community development;
- diversify sources of revenue, by
reinvesting revenue from mining
production in sustainable activities;
- play the role of mediator between the
project and local populations in the
event of conflicts;
- support the project for effective
environmental monitoring;
- raise awareness among and build local
inhabitants' capacities with respect to
optimal use of the project's benefits.
- share traditional knowledge for

better management of natural
resources
- take part in monitoring the
rehabilitation sites;
- launch environmental programs
at the community level.
- convey information through

traditional channels of
communication;
- raise awareness among opinion
leaders of the communication and
dissemination of information on the
project's activities.
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Interim Report
- check that the equipment

and installations in place
are working;
- encourage the project to
give local communities
and populations the benefit
of certain infrastructures;
The environmental protection measures that the developer has recommended and which are
linked to the erection activities will form an integral part of contractors' obligations.
The contractor's environmental protection responsibilities will be inserted and specified in all
work contracts issued by the developer; these responsibilities include the following:
-
-
-
-
the contractor must ensure compliance with national and international laws, regulations
and standards on the quality of the work environment and environmental protection;
the contractor must comply with general environmental guidelines issued by the
developer;
the contractor shall appoint an officer for environmental monitoring. This officer will be
responsible for ensuring that the environment is protected during the performance of
construction work;
the contractor must prepare a final report at the end of the work on all its environmental
monitoring activities and submit it to the developer.
The dismantling work must take into account social and physical rehabilitation aspects
provided for the following purposes:
-
-
not endangering future public health and safety;

providing affected communities with beneficial and sustainable post-operational land use.
11.4.2 Implementing recommendations

Before and during implementation of the project, the following measures are recommended:
Surveys and Public briefing information and awareness-raising among

stakeholders: Before work commences, a public briefing will be organized with local
population officials, to provide information on the project and the planned environmental
measures. This meeting will also provide an opportunity for specifying the roles and
duties of each individual in order to ensure participation in the implementation of the
project.
Preparation of a classified establishment dossier: given that the project falls within the
category of a classified establishment, the developer must prepare and submit a classified
establishment dossier for review by the DEEC. This dossier includes a project layout and
the locations of installations;
Communication campaign: information and awareness-raising among all
stakeholders: the Developer must organize a communication campaign (information and
awareness-raising) before work starts and during the operating phase.
Implementation of environmental measures: Technical measures will be implemented
by the private companies that are going to carry out the project.
Monitoring and supervision of the implementation of environmental measures
during the work and operating phase: the HSE expert will perform internal
environmental monitoring (preparation and operating phase), while the DEEC and the
Directorate for Energy will be responsible for external monitoring.
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11.4.3 Cost of environmental and social management plan and monitoring

The environmental and social management plan includes three categories of measures:
-
-
-
technical and/or environmental measures to be introduced into the tender dossier as

contractual measures, which will not be evaluated financially;
supervision and monitoring measures, including capacity-building measures, the costs of
which will be negotiated and agreed upon with stakeholders (actors responsible for
monitoring and contractors);
specific measures which will be charged to the development budget.
Table 92: Cost of environmental and social management plan
SPECIFIC MEASURES
Total (FCFA)
Initial measures
Geotechnical tests on the wind farm footprint
10,000,000
Setting up and running of a compensation monitoring committee
1,500,000
Developing and performing an IOP test
15,000,000
Contributing to electrification of neighboring villages
7,500,000
Provisions for outsize transport/overloading of axle

Police escort for heavy loads in collaboration with the wind turbine
construction company, the police and local authorities.
5,000,000
1,500,000
Support for PAPS by developing a Community Development Plan

(CDP)
Compensatory planting along tracks and/or fields
Communication plan for local communities
SUBTOTAL
50,000,000
10,000,000
3,000,000
103,500,000
Operational measures
Recruitment of a HSE officer
7,800,000 FCFA /year
Research agreements for ecological and health monitoring (wildlife,

flora, noise)
7,000,000
Training mission for those responsible for monitoring/study trip
10 000 000
Provisions for ESMP monitoring committee
2,500,000
Provision for those responsible for monitoring ESMP activities
2,000,000 FCFA /year
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12 CONCLUSION
In the light of the study of the environmental and social impacts of installing a wind farm with
46 wind turbines in the Taiba Ndiaye municipality, it is quite clear the the positive arguments
for such an investment make the case for this project to be accepted. The fact is that, as a
renewable energy that requires no fuel, does not create greenhouse gases, does not produce
toxic or radioactive waste, introducing wind energy is a credible alternative to diversify and
strengthen the electricity generation industry in Senegal. Furthermore, by fighting against
climate change, wind energy makes a long-term contribution to maintaining the biodiversity of
natural environments.
The Taiba Ndiaye wind farm will result in additional power of 150 MW in the Senegalese
electricity generation network, which is strongly characterized by recurrent deficits, without
affecting the air quality, without polluting water (no discharge into aquatic environment, no
thermal pollution) and without polluting the soil (no soot or ash).
This means that the wind farm's ecological and economic viability can be guaranteed if the
measures to mitigate the related social and environmental impacts are implemented in a timely
manner. The main requirements are:
Fair and equitable compensation for those entitled to it and social support for people affected
by the wind farm;
Implementation of actions to restore biotopes and mitigate disruption caused to wildlife

Compliance with the formal agreement with the Taiba Ndiaye local authorities;
Compliance with forestry regulations and the provisions of the ESMP outlined in this
report.
The research has found an enabling environment for removing uncertainties related to the
impact of wind turbines on wildlife (mortality) and man (noise, vibrations, etc.). This presents
Sarreole with the chance to build up the resources of the universities and training institutes that
it will involve in the company's CSR procedures.
In short, these are arguments in favor of the social and environmental acceptance of Sarreole's
project to construct a wind farm with 46 wind turbines in the Taiba Ndiaye Municipality, in
the Tivaouane department.
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ANNEXES
Annex A: Terms of reference and response from the DEEC

Annex B: Decision of the Municipality
Annex C: Extracts of some regulatory texts
Annex D: List of people met and/or contacted
Annex E: List of experts that conducted the study
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Annex A: Terms of reference and response from

the DEEC
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DRAFT
TERMS OF REFERENCES FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT TO BUILD WIND
FARMS IN TAIBA NDIAYE, SENEGAL
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Chapter 1-
INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT
Population growth, especially in urban areas, is leading to increased needs for energy and, in
particular renewable energy. The local traditional operator, the Senelec company, has
announced an increase in consumption and in the number of customers at a rate of around
10% per year. The majority of electricity is, more significantly, generated from thermal (along
with the drawbacks associated with the petroleum products market in terms of cost, energy
dependence and pollution) or hydraulic sources. In these circumstances, it appears appropriate
to concentrate on local renewable resources, such as solar and wind energy.
The development of wind energy now forms part of policies to combat the greenhouse effect.
The Kyoto (1997) and Buenos Aires conferences concluded that greenhouse gas emissions
need to be reduced. It is the burning of fossil fuels (fuel oil and coal, in particular) which is
responsible for the majority of air pollution and the warming of our planet.
Wind power is expected to undergo significant development in the current context of the
dramatic increase in the use of fossil fuels. Although this so-called "renewable" energy offers
many advantages to the environment, it may also lead to certain changes or disturbances.
It is therefore important to develop high-quality wind farms that are integrated into their
natural and human environment, in the spirit of the Environment code (Law No. 2001 - 01 of
15 January 2001), which specifies the following in its Title I, Chapter III (Instruments of
environmental protection) Article L 8: The national strategy for the implementation of the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is one of the instruments of
environmental protection. Wind power is a form of energy which produces no greenhouse
gas.
A clear sign of modern dynamism, the installation of wind farms will be perceived as even an
unprecedented demonstration of innovation, a strong commitment to a sustainable energy
policy concerned with respecting future generations.
This project with a total power of at least 151.8 MW involves installing at least 46 wind
turbines each with a unit capacity of 3.3 MW, or any variant equipment whose total power
will be compatible with the scope of the project, which will be carried out in 3 phases:
The development phase: impact feasibility study: timeframe 18 months from June
2007; budget: around 82,000.
Administrative and contractual phase: obtaining permits (building permit, operating

permits) and contracts for the purchase of electricity generated over 15 to 20 years; the
models of electricity purchase contracts produced by thermal power plants could be
adapted.
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Implementation phase: the installation of wind turbines could be carried out in three
(around) 50-MW phases. This 50-MW power per phase may be seen as a critical
power level for the construction of a project. The successful completion of this phase
involves implementing a project that is substantial enough to motivate investors and
wind turbine suppliers in particular and makes it possible to use the scale factor to
pool costs (studies, creation of accesses and electrical connection, transport of
resources and construction equipment and raising of wind turbines).
The main purpose of this impact study is to:
ensure that all stages of operations to be started within the scope of this project are
compatible with the environmental sensitivities of the sites accommodating the wind
turbines, as well as with the regulatory requirements that the national authorities have
defined for their protection;
to identify and recommend concrete actions to reduce the disturbances that are likely
to be caused, as well as an environmental management project for the entire duration
of the project.
The study will be conducted based on terms of reference, the subject of this document, and
will be prepared by taking into account the obligations and recommendations of the
Senegalese Environment Code.
Given that the wind farm would be composed of a series of wind turbines and also an access
road and an outgoing electricity grid, the impact study must take into account the various
components of the wind farm.
A. Duties of the Consultant
In consultation with the Developer, the Consultant will have to carry out the following duties:
Chapter 2-
DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE

PROJECT
The consultant will present the various components of the production, installation, operating
and wind-farm installation dismantling program, and it will include:
General presentation of the study area (base map 1:100,000);
General presentation of the wind farm location (1:25,000 map);
Proposed location and footprint required;
Electrical power and expected generation;
Number, type, dimensions and location of wind turbines;
Project stakeholders: project owner, construction manager;
Background to the project development;
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Provisional project schedule.
Construction;
Description of construction and wind-turbine installation methods;
foundations, access during construction and operation, raising procedure;
Description of connection to the grid and interconnection of wind turbines:
transformers, power sub-station, electrical cable routing;
Other equipment: measurement mast, car park, public information area, etc.
Human resources required during construction and reception;
Type and movement of construction vehicles, transport of materials and traffic;
Duration of construction phases and provisional schedule.
Operation;
Description of plant operation;
Conditions of access to the wind farm;
Estimated project lifetime.
Dismantling and reinstating the site;
Description of structure dismantling plan;
Description of the site reinstatement.
Chapter 3 ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL,

LEGISLATIVE,
REGULATORY AND
INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
The consultant will conduct research on relevant regulations and standards concerning
environmental quality, including the requirements of international conventions that the
country has ratified on environmental protection. This analysis must take into account the
legal status of the sites expected to accommodate the wind farms.
The mandates and capacities of institutions concerned with the management of wind farms
should also be studied.
Chapter 4 -
DESCRIPTION OF THE INITIAL STATE AND

RELEVANT COMPONENTS OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
This will involve collecting and analyzing basic data on the relevant elements that are a
feature of the physical, biological and sociocultural environment in the study area.
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Firstly, the Consultant must geographically identify the sites (on a map of an appropriate
scale) and indicate the location of the administrative authorities which they fall under (region,
department, neighborhood, municipality or community, etc.).
Secondly, the Consultant must define the project's area of influence, that is, all geographical
areas that are likely to be affected by the impacts of the project. The boundaries of the study
area are defined by the potential impact with the wider study areas having the most noticeable
repercussions. The visual impact is the factor most often taken into account when determining
the wide study area. However, this does not mean that each of these aspects should be studied
with the same degree of precision for the whole study.
These study areas vary depending on the subjects to be studied (very large view corridor,
presence of an element with UNESCO world heritage status, migratory bird routes, presence
of settlements that are sensitive to noise pollution, etc.).
Different types of information need to be collected to define the initial state and to assess the
sensitivity of sites (indicative list):
regulatory easements: they concern both the airspace that the wind turbines will
occupy (microwave radio signals, movement of aircraft, etc.) and the ground area
occupied by other activities (transmission pipes, infrastructures, etc.); in particular, air
space easements (clearance and radio) and the constraints relating to the operation of
aerodromes under visible flight rules and under instrument flight rules, environmental
protection areas;
territorial management guidelines mentioned in planning documents (local

development plan [PLD], Regional Land-Use Planning Strategy [SRAT] for the
Grande Cte),
territories subject to specific regulations (urban planning restrictions, constraints

linked to natural heritage, constraints linked to cultural heritage).
During the analysis of the initial state of the sites and their environment, the consultant must
provide sufficient data to identify, evaluate and rank the potential effects of the wind farms.
The initial state must describe the context specifically and in detail (place, geographical size),
as well as the specific (notable aspect, originality, rarity) and significant features (quality of
environments, protection level) of the components of the environment.
In addition, thematic maps may be prepared, for example:
location (project location map, study area map);
physical environment (topographic map, hydrographic chart, wind rose);
biological environment (map of inventoried natural environments, map of protected
natural environments, map of breeding and migratory birdlife);
human environment (occupied areas map, land use plan (POS) zoning map, technical
easements map
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heritage and landscape (notable or protected heritage map, landscape units map,
landscape frequentation map).
Chapter 5 -
ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES
As part of the process of identifying wind sites, several alternative sites will be described and
compared on the basis of technical, economic and environmental criteria. The consultant will
consider these different alternative sites as well as each of the potential layout schemes.
Subsequently, the assessment process must encourage variables that have the least impact on
the selected site to be defined and analyzed:
- wind turbine location variations on a single site;
- variations of infrastructure related to the project: location, type of connection and electricity
network routing, other accesses for the transport of wind turbines, etc.;
- technical variables: type of wind turbine, foundation, network connection, etc.
This phase of the study provides an opportunity to take a critical look at the project, by
presenting the various paths explored during the design phase. It facilitates understanding of
the choices that the project leader made and justification of the selected option. It also makes
it possible to choose the best alternative, by comparing the different layout schemes, by
drawing on a small amount of environmental data. In this way, this phase makes it possible to
dedicate most of the resources to a more limited area.
Chapter 6 IMPACTS
ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS AND EXPECTED

ON THE ENVIRONMENT
The study of the effects on the environment must be based on methods and tools that make it
possible to foresee and determine the significance of the different effects (positive or
negative) by making a distinction between direct or indirect, temporary or permanent, or
cumulative effects, during construction, operation and dismantling.
The analysis and assessment of the impacts must cover the following phases in particular:
Site preparation, installation, erection of wind farm;

Operation of wind farm;
Dismantling of wind farm and reinstatement of site
In addition, the study will focus on the following aspects during this analysis phase:
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6.1
AIR QUALITY
-
6.2
Identify the project components that will affect air quality.

Identify sources of emission.
WASTE AND POLLUTED WATER TREATMENT
Quantity and sources.

Waste water treatment system (consider the best technology to measure loads and
harmful concentrations).
Produce and discuss:
o the limits for contaminants to be taken into account;
o the effects in discharge areas;
o the possibility of reducing the harmful effects, in relation to treatment
technology.
6.2.1 Noise and vibrations

Wind turbines generate noise when in operation. Although the sound levels emitted are
relatively low, compared to those emitted by a heavily used road, for example, the sound
requirement is one of the main constraints on setting up a wind farm and therefore features
prominently in the impact study. It must demonstrate compliance with regulations in force,
on the one hand, and address the issue of noise in terms of public health, on the other.
The impact of sound emissions by the wind turbines will be studied from the most exposed
residences, namely:
- dwellings closes to the site: pinpointing them is essential in order to identify sensitive
areas (type of occupation, layout, etc.);
- dwellings located under prevailing winds (in particular where the direction of
prevailing winds is marked);
- dwellings located in specific topographical arrangements that could lead to low
residual noise levels locally, despite high wind speeds on the wind farm site;
- the activities that are going to affect the actual noise level, during the construction and
operating phases;
- The expected sound level of the installations;
- The impact of noise on the property boundaries during the construction and operating
phases.
6.2.2 Waste management
-
Production of waste in the different phases: construction, energy generation,

maintenance and dismantling of installations
For each type of waste: identification, quantity, volume, method of elimination or
recovery, internal or external, processing method,
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6.3
Measures taking for treatment.

FLORA AND FAUNA
A description of the plants and wildlife in the natural environment (terrestrial wildlife) will be
produced. It will cover both the species that frequent the wind farm site and their use of the
site. The research must be more in-depth for rare or heritage species. Migratory, breeding and
wintering birds will be studied according to appropriate methods.
6.3.1 Hygiene, Health and safety
Like any industrial equipment, wind turbines involve a technical risk linked to their operation.
Although this risk is classified as very low overall, complying with the design and operation
rules is an essential factor for the safe and reliable operation of equipment. The consultant
must also:
-
Determine whether the implementation of the project will have an impact on the health
of local inhabitants and workers.
Identify the exposed populations and the risks in relation to the polluting components
released into the environment.
6.3.2 Human environment

The study of the environmental effects on the human environment will address the identified
consequences of the project for the various components of the environment concerning usage
by local inhabitants, in particular:
Compliance with Regional Land-Use Planning Strategies for the Grande Cte area and
the Taiba Ndiaye Rural Council's local development plan (PLD),
Land tenure and owners located in the vicinity,
Usage of soil:
Agriculture: affected properties, agricultural potential, land under cultivation,
forestry data
Tourist recreation activities,
Infrastructure and services: road transport, maritime transport, electricity network,
water supply and management of waste water, management of solid and liquid waste,
services, chemical factory (i.e. ICS),
Culture and heritage: archaeological potential, built heritage, quality of life.
Human health: toxic organic compounds, "classic" contaminants, inhalable and ozone
particles, assessment of effects on health, expected sound impact.
6.3.3 Local and regional economy
The study of impacts in the economic sector will address the following aspects:
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Impact on local employment and creation of wealth,

Improvement of living conditions of disadvantaged local communities: access to
electricity,
Impact on taxation and local finances of the Rural Council of Taiba Ndiaye, and
Impact on reduction of electricity deficit and on GDP.
6.3.4 Landscape
The landscape will be analyzed on different scales:
- A wide study area: It has a territorial scale (from 10 to 15km) making it possible to
include the project in the landscapes affected and to identify "co-visibilities";
- A narrower study area: it is used to make a choice among the variables and the layout
scheme selected (between 1 and 10 km);
- A study area comprising the immediate surroundings, which concerns the accesses to
the wind farm, the related equipment (transformers, fences, power sub-stations) and
land taken (access routes to site, raising platform, etc.)
It is necessary to determine the importance of each of the effects analyzed above; different
methodologies can be used to achieve this result. They are based on comparing the effects
(positive or negative) associated with the installation of wind turbines and the environment's
sensitivity. The study will determine the most significant impacts.
At this stage, using a matrix to identify the impacts and a list of checks is recommended.
Once the study has established that an impact is likely to arise, it must be categorised. The
study will define the criteria for categorising the impacts.
6.4
HAZARD STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the risks linked to the construction
and operation of a wind farm and its related installations (track, underground cable network,
technical room, etc.) and to propose effective risk control measures tailored to the wind farm's
life cycle.
The consultant will refer to the hazard study guide edited by the ministry responsible for the
environment in Senegal.
6.5
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
6.5.1 Mitigation measures

The study will specify the actions and work, corrections and additions planned for the various
phases of the construction work, operation and end of the project's duration, in order to
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eliminate or reduce the negative impacts of the project. Where applicable, the study will
describe the measures envisioned to promote or enhance the positive impacts.
A distinction will be made between reduction measures or even impact elimination and
compensatory measures. For the sake of readability, all these measures are grouped together
in the rest of the text under the term "reductive measures".
The environmental and social management plan (ESMP) will be presented in the form of a
table. The viability of the proposed measures must be expressed by means of presenting the
expected outcome, and as far as possible the cost, the time frame for implementation and the
body responsible for implementation.
Considering the degree of involvement and participation of partnering groups and populations
in the management of the installations, special emphasis must be placed on the awarenessraising and information components with a view to prompting acceptance of this major
innovation in the territory of the local community of Taiba Ndiaye.
6.5.2 Monitoring and supervision plan
It is not always possible to accurately assess all the consequences of the implementation of the
project for the environment. In certain cases, proposals from the project owner may only be
approved once the wind turbines have been installed, or even after they have been in
operation for several years (evolution of sound levels, behaviour and evolution of bird
populations, etc.).
This consideration of the environment can be incorporated into various phases:
1) during the consultation with companies phase;
2) during construction with the participation of environmental professionals;
3) during the operating phase, to verify and refine knowledge of impacts and the
effectiveness of reductive measures.
In these cases, a monitoring system may be proposed for measures to reduce impacts. This
system must define:
the monitoring protocol to implement;
the bodies or experts appointed to carry out complementary studies;
the way in which the project owner implements reductive measures that it has
proposed and how it funds them;
the re-assessment of these commitments.
It must indicate the links between the identified impacts and the indicators to be measured, the
methods to use, the frequency of measures, the level of thresholds that trigger correctional
measures. The plan must determine the monitoring parameters, as well as the relative
monitoring costs. It will be presented in the form of a table.
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6.5.3 Monitoring program

This monitoring program is aimed at ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented and
that they yield the expected results and that they are either amended or cancelled if they do
not give conclusive results.
6.5.4 Institutional responsibilities
The implementation of mitigation measures and the completion of the monitoring program
requires the clear establishment of responsibilities for the various organizations involved in
implementing and commissioning the project, which must be established by the Consultant.
6.6
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
The participation of the main institutions affected by the project (the Directorate for the
Environment, Directorate for energy, Ministry of biofuels and renewable energy, Regional
Council of This, the Rural Community of Taiba Ndiaye, local projects, NGOs and
professional organizations, Sporting and Cultural Association [ASC], the general public) is a
key element of the study.
The regional (This) and departmental (Tivaouane) Water and Forest departments must be
closely involved in the project due to the potential impacts of the project on the protected strip
of casuarinas on the coast.
The Consultant will reveal the extent of consultations that it will have held with a view to
obtaining the opinion from a given organization on the execution of the project and on the
measures to take.
Team of Experts
The study will be conducted by a consultancy firm accredited by the Ministry of the
Environment and Nature Protection with a multidisciplinary team, which must include:
-
An environmental project leader experienced in EIS;

An expert on pollution, disturbance and sound;
A naturalist, birdlife specialist;
A socio-economist;
An energy and electromechanical expert.
Reports to be prepared by the consultant

The consultant must write a report and make it available in paper and digital formats:
- fifteen copies of the provisional EIS report will be submitted to the Directorate for the
Environment and Classified Establishments;
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the observations of the technical committee shall be taken into account in the final report.
The consultant will present the EIS report during a public briefing, the fees of which must
be covered by the developer in accordance with the law;
three copies of the final report, which will be prepared by taking into account the results
of public consultations and remarks from the Project owner, are submitted to the
Directorate for the Environment and Classified Establishments along with a non-technical
summary and useful annexes (plans, diagrams of installations, etc.).
It must be structured in accordance with regulations (MINISTERIAL ORDER No. 9472

MJEHP-DEEC of 28 November 2001 on the content of the Environmental impact study
report).
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Annex B: Decision of the Municipality
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REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL
REGION OF THIS
DEPARTMENT OF TIVAOUANE
DISTRICT OF MEOUANE
RURAL COUNCIL OF TAIBA NDIAYE
ANALYSIS: EXTRACT OF DECISION ON LAND USE
THE RURAL COUNCIL
- Having regard to the constitution
- Having regard to Law 64-46 of 17 June 1964 on national property;
- Having regard to Law 96-06 of 22 March 1996 on local authorities;
- Having regard to Law 96-07 of 22 March on the transfer of competences to the regions; to
municipalities
And to rural communities;
- Having regard to decree 72-1288 of 10/10/1972 on land use and decommissioning of land that is part
of national property;
- Having regard to decree 1130 of 27 December 1996 on the application of the law on the transfer of
competences to the regions, to municipalities and rural committees for management and use of
private property of the state, of public property and of national property;
- Having regard to decision No 04/CRTND of 29/05/2008 approved on 25/06/2008;
- Having regard to the interested partys application
Hereby decides that
Article 1: land of an area of Seven Hectares located at the entrance to Taiba Ndiaye is allocated to
Sarreol for the generation of wind power
Article 2: the recognition of the land will be carried out in the presence of the local committee and of
the interested party
Article 3: after making itself aware of the provisions of the referenced texts, the allottee of land
commits to comply with them.
Article 4: this decision will be recorded in the land register of the rural community and published
wherever required.
- Read and approved
In Taiba Ndiaye, 01/11/08
Sub-Prefect
President of the Rural Council
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Annex C: Summary of some international

standards
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IEC standard 61 400 1

Wind turbines
Design requirements
The version is referenced as 88/184/CDV published on 12 December 2003.
1. Scope of application.
The purpose of the standard is to establish design requirements to be followed to provide "an
appropriate level of protection against damage from all hazards during the planned lifetime of
the wind turbine".
2. General principles.
The requirements cover the design, manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance
manuals and the related quality assurance procedures, with the aim of making the wind
turbine's structure, mechanical and electrical equipment and control system safe.
3. Environmental conditions.
The wind turbine must be designed to withstand the weather conditions in the site in which it
is intended to be installed.
The standard defines "wind turbine classes" according to wind speed and turbulence. The first
classification parameter is the maximum average speed over 10 minutes (the "reference
speed):
Class I: 50 m/s, i.e. 180 km/h;
Class II: 42.5 m/s, i.e. 162 km/h;
Class III: 37.5 m/s, i.e. 135 km/h;
A second classification parameter (A, B or C) identifies a wind turbine's ability to withstand
the intensity of the wind turbulence while in use.
In addition, the standard requires that extreme wind turbulence is taken into account when
designing the machine.
With regard to other environmental parameters, the standard specifies that wind turbines must
be designed to operate between -20 and +50C. It stipulates that the influence of frost, ice or
snow and, if applicable, earthquakes, must be taken into consideration in the design. It does
not, however, set any thresholds.
4. Design of the structure
The standard lays down an obligation to demonstrate the resistance of the structure under
various loads using calculations or tests. The loads to take into account are defined by their
type (gravity, inertia, influence of wind, etc.) and the machine's situation (transport, assembly,
raising, production, maintenance, etc.).
Safety coefficients are defined to take these uncertainties into account. The consequences of
material fatigue must be estimated by means of calculations.
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5. Control and protection systems.

The standard requires functions to control the power supplied, the machine's rotor speed, its
alignment to the wind, etc., protection functions against excessive speed, excessive vibration,
as well as braking and blade-stop systems.
6. Mechanical and electrical components.
Various requirements covering the machine's mechanical and electrical components are laid
down, most often in reference to existing standards. These requirements specifically address
lightning protection and electromagnetic compatibility (covered by a European directive).
Standard EN 50 308
Wind turbines
Protection measures
Design, operation and maintenance requirements
The version is referenced as Pr EN 50308 and dates from August 2003.
1. Scope of application.
It lays down "requirements for protection measures relating to the health and safety of staff,
applicable to the commissioning, operation and maintenance of horizontal axis wind
turbines".
Its requirements consider mechanical hazards (falls, sliding, etc.), thermal hazards (fire, burns,
etc.), electrical hazards and those caused by noise or resulting from a failure to observe the
principles of ergonomics.
It refers to almost thirty other standards, including the standards in the EN 292 series (safety
of machinery: general principles), which are therefore indirectly brought into line with it.
2. Safety requirements and protection measures.
The standard lays down general requirements (all elements must be safe during the wind
turbine's lifetime, etc.) and a series of specific requirements covering, for example, access
points, evacuation conditions, platforms, raising installations, moving parts, locking devices,
noise, emergency stops, disconnecting the power and fire protection.
It also includes requirements relating to the existence and content of manuals to be prepared
for the user: a manual describing the safety instructions and emergency procedures, operating
manual, maintenance manual.
3. Operation and maintenance requirements.
These requirements cover the training and skills of operating and maintenance personnel,
personal protective equipment and safety instructions to be laid down (two people must
always be present when an operation is being performed, etc.).
4. Annex
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Finally, in accordance with current practices in European standardization, the standard

includes an "informative annex" referring to the regulatory requirements that exist in certain
member states and which complement the standard's requirements. This annex refers to
Germany, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Ireland.
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Annexe D: List of people met and/or contacted
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List of participants in the environmental and social impact study of the project to build
a wind farm in Taiba Ndiaye
Villages: Ndomor, Keur Male, Minam, Mbayne, Keur Birama, Keur Samba Awa, Keur
Mbaye Snoba
First name
Surname Profession/job
Tel
Mamadou Lamine Diop
Ndomor Village Chief
776314850
Cheikh
Ndiaye
Keur Male Village Chief
776305890
Elhadji Ibra
Diop
Minam Village Chief
775782359
Gora
Mbaye
Mbayene Village Chief
764924471
Talla Mbaye
Mbaye
Mbayne
Bassirou
Mbaye
Keur Birama Village Chief
773132381
Mor Talla
Diop
Keur Samba Awa Farmer
766928034
Mapath
Mbaye
Keur Mbaye Retailer
764672368
Daouda
Diop
Mbayne 3 Retailer
773504114
Cheikh
Niang
Mbayne Painter
765803192
Alassane
Sonko
Keur Mbaye Snoba Farmer
766999832
Mor Marme
Diop
Minam Farmer
Ibrahima
Ndiaye
Keur Male Driver
773761071
Babacar
Ndiaye
Keur Male Driver
773774727
Bacar
Mbaye
Mbayne Farmer
701028016
Ngouda
Ndao
Keur Mbaye Snoba Driver
776560589
Mor
Ndao
Keur Mbaye Snoba Councillor 764689405
Mbaye Sy
Diop
Minam Pupil
763982678
Massyla
Ndao
Mbayne Councillor
766987169
Ousseynou
Diop
Minam Driver
775124034
Moussa
Ndao
Keur Mbaye Snoba Farmer
767330350
Bassirou
Mbaye
Keur Birama Joiner
763132381
Ndiaye Samba
Thiam
Keur Male Welder
766669807
Mballo
Niang
Mbayne Retailer
766865658
Magor
Diop
Minam Farmer
Djibril
Mbaye
Keur Mbaye Kheury Driver
775659403
Djiby
Mbaye
Keur Mame Mbaye Retailer
766930497
Ousseynou
fall
Keur Mambaye Farmer
762864227
Khady Tine
Tine
Mbayne GPF, Housekeeper
Adji
Wade
Mbayne Housekeeper
First name
Abdou
Yamar
Village of Taiba Mbaye

Surname Job/occupation Tel
Guye
ICS official
776120726
Sarr
Farmer
775761049
359
Interim Report
Messa
Touba
Mor
Mansour
Nogaye
Abdou
Cheikh
Madick
Madiagne
Mathioune
Bassirou
Mbaye
Ndiaye
Ibrahima
Bara
Serigne
Modou Khabane
Mor
Bara
Mankou
Malick
Cheikh Mbaye
Sarr
Tour
Sarr
L
Mbaye
Souar
Souar
Souar
Sarr
Ndoye
Diop
Diop
Thiam
Guye
Diop
Tour
Lye
Mboup
Ka
Guye
guye
Souar
777270693
763355096
776954523
763456506
705000095
777005172
766669887
767479188
772753307
775709020
774305643
775985636
Village of Same Ndiaye
First name
Elhadji Bathie
Cheikh
Ibra
Madiambon
Alassane
Thierno
Surname
Ndaiaye
Diongue
Diop
Sarr
Sarr
Sonko
Profession/job
Village Chief
driver
Farmer
Farmer
Joiner
Teacher
Tel
762944955
774415850
774432249
762987149
765817117
First name
Samba
Elhadji
Modou
Mbaye
LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS OF TAIBA NDIAYE

Surname Position
Tel
Sarr
Vice-President of the Rural Council
774404500/774500030
Ndiaye
Chair of the land ownership committee
772145321
Guye
Member of the land ownership
765989013
360
Interim Report
Assane
Ndiaye
committee
Chair of the finance committee
776391096
First name
Balla
Songo
Abdoulaye
Ibou
Matar
Chiekh
Mansour
Abdou
Mamour
Mamour
Pape
Mbaye
Moussa
Songo
Surname
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Diongue
Diongue
Diongue
Ndiaye
Diongue
Ndiaye
Ndiaye 2
Sarr
Diongue
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
VILLAGE OF KEUR ASSANE

Profession/job Tel
Farmer
76478837
Farmer
Retailer
766660444
apprentice
apprentice
tailor
Driver
pupil
Village Chief
Farmer
Retailer
Tailor
apprentice
pupil
VILLAGE OF KEUR MADIAGNE
First name
Songo
Ali
Iba
Modou
Malick
Maguye
Birane
Ndiaw
Sala
Pape
Ali
Birane
Samba
Gora
Salla
Khabane
Surname
Ndiaye
Wade
Ndiaye
Gaye
Wade
Wade
Ndiaye
Kane
Mbaye
Ndiaye
Pigue
Wade
Ndiaye
Mbaye
Mbow
Ndiaye
Profession/job
Village Chief
Notable
Notable
Farmer
Retailer
Retailer
Farmer
Tel
775685306
ASC President
GPF
361
Interim Report
Village of Taiba Santhie
First name
Mbaye
Daouda
Oumar
Abdou G
Mor
Massamba
Malal
Matar Sop
Surname
Ndiaye
Fall
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Diop
Sow
Ndiaye
Occupation-job
Teacher
Farmer
Farmer
Fish and seafood wholesaler
driver
Farmer
Driver
Village Chief
Tel
772798187
768736109
773053573
Village of Baity Guye
First name Surname
Profession/job Tel
Mbaye
Fall
Imam
764738853
Thierno
Guye
Farmer
766767216
Iba
Guye
ASC President 765873303
Nalla
Guye
Village Chief 774285146
Mbaye
Guye
Notable
765989013
Yoro
Gueye
Farmer
Oumy
Mback Guye GPF
763362531
Khabane
Guye
Farmer
767443495
Village of Baity Ndiaye
First name
Surname Profession/job Tel
Aliou
Ndaiye
Farmer
Lamine
Mbaye
Driver
761324438
Ndiaye
Thiam
Farmer
Daouda
Diop
Farmer
Mbaye
Guye
**
Birane
Guye
**
362
Interim Report
Modou
Aliou
Oumar
Diaga
Omar
Asse
mohamadou
Mar
Talla
Massamba
Sangu
Massamba
Fatou
Anta
Nogoye
Khoudia
Nogoye
Madiaye
Anta
Amar
L
Fall
Diop
Badiane
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Guye
Guye
Guye
Ndiaye
Dione
Ndiaye
Ngom
Souar
Samb
Diop
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
**
driver
Builder
Builder
Farmer
Guardian
**
**
Guardian
Farmer
**
Builder
Farmer
GPF
GPF
GPF
GPF
Village Chief
773020998
764935740
772017760
773581504
773998809
764776353
763990455
765106716
768400678
768872962
766981778
765968916
First name
Baba
Mamadou
DR
Surname
Weyni
Sanghar
Ndoye
Position
IREF
DREEC
IRSV
TECHNICAL SERVICES
Tel
339511012
766481400
339511091
363
Interim Report
364
Interim Report
Annex E: List of experts that conducted the study
365
Interim Report
No.
Name and Surname
Structure/Position
Al Assane Sene
Coordinator, Geographer - environmental expert
Mamadou Diedhiou
Sociologist, Environmental expert
Insa Fall
Geologist-environmental biologist
Oumar Fall
Hygienist, Environmental expert
Idrissa Guiro
Geographer, Cartographer
Mouhamed THIOYE
Electromechanical engineer - process expert
366
Interim Report
One nation, one aim, one faith
ESIS ADDENDUM
REVISED INITIAL STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN
PARC EOLIEN DE TAIBA NDIAYE (PETN)
Plan version V1
Developed by PETN and Ramboll Environ US Corporation
December, 2015
i of iii
PETN - Stakeholder Engaement Plan

Taiba Ndiaye Senegal
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
INTRODUCTION
Objectives
Methodology
INITIAL STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN
COMPREHENSIVE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN
REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
Stakeholder Engagement and Public Disclosure of Information
Land Acquisition and Compensation
Applicable International Standards
PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS
STAKEHOLDERS WITHIN THE PROJECTS AREA OF INFLUENCE
Identification of villages impacted in the different areas of influence
People impacted per village in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
Villages and people impacted outside the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
Villages in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye not directly impacted
SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
2009
2010
2012
2014
2015
CONTINUATION OF THE STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM
Expansion of the Community Relations Department
Involvement of Vestas as EPC Contractor
Means by which people are informed about the Project
Interaction of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan with other social plans
TIMETABLE
Project schedule
Preliminary timetable of future Stakeholder Engagement activities
RESOURCES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Community Relations Department organizational structure
Stakeholder Engagement Budget
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMUNITY GRIEVANCE
MECHANISM
External Communications
Community Grievance Mechanism
Ongoing Reporting to Affected Communities
MONITORING AND REPORTING
The Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee (ESMC)
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
9
9
10
10
11
12
17
21
22
23
27
27
27
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29
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31
31
33
33
33
34
34
35
35

13.
Reporting to satisfy lenders requirements

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
ii of iii
35
35
Tables
Table 1: Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the
closest wind turbines
Table 2: Taiba Ndiaye villages home to PAP
Table 3: Villages outside Taiba Ndiaye home to PAP
Table 4: Villages of Taiba Ndiaye in the direct and indirect areas of influence
and without PAP
Table 5: Summary of Q&A at the Technical Services Committee Meeting
Table 6: Public consultation program conducted by Labosol and the
Departmental Commission of Census and Compensation
Table 7: Public Consultation Program from February 16 to 18, 2015
Table 8: Public Consultation Program on June 18, 2015
Figures
Figure 1: Project installation area
Figure 2: Immediate and close areas of influence
Figure 3: PETN Construction Phase preliminary organizational chart
Figure 4: Community Relations Department preliminary organizational chart
Figure 5: PETN Operations Phase preliminary organizational chart
Attachments
Attachment 1: Stakeholders Concerns and Recommendations - February 2009
Public Consultation Program
Attachment 2: October 16, 2009 Technical Review Committee Meeting Minutes
Attachment 3: March 3, 2010 Public Hearing Minutes
Attachment 4: Sept. 23, 2010 Public Consultation and CDM Meeting Minutes
Attachment 5: Sept. 23, 2010 Meeting Advertisement
Attachment 6: Sept. 23, 2010 Meeting Photos
Attachment 7: List of Meeting Attendees for the ESIS 2009/2010
Attachment 8: ESIS 2009/2010 Approval with English translation
Attachment 9: Summary of topics discussed at the February 2015
consultation meetings
Attachment 10: Summary of topics discussed at the June 2015 consultation
meetings
Attachment 11: July 2015 Monthly Newsletter

iii of iii
Acronyms and Abbreviations

ASC
Sports and Cultural Association/Association Sportive et Culturelle
AOI
CR
Area of Influence/Aire dInfluence

Rural Community/Commune Rurale
Electricity Sector Regulatory Commission /Commission de Rgulation du
Secteur de lElectricit
Corporate Social Responsibility/Responsabilit sociale des entreprises
Directorate of Environment and Classified Establishments
Directorate of Water, Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation/ Direction des
Eaux, Forts, Chasse et Conservation des Sols
Regional Division of the Environment and ClassifiedEstablishments/Division
Rgionale de l'Environnement et des Etablissements Classs
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental, Health and Safety /Environnement, Hygine et Scurit
Equator Principles (2013) /Principes de lEquateur
Group for the Advancement of Women/ Groupement de la Promotion
Fminine
HPR ANKH Consultant
International Finance Corporation/Socit Financire Internationale
Regional Water and Forests Inspectorate/Inspection Rgionale des eaux et
Forts
CRSE
CSR
DEEC
DEFCCS
DREEC
EIA
EHS
EP III
GPF
HPR
IFC
IREF
IRSV
Regional Inspectorate of Veterinary Services /Inspection Rgionale des

Services Vtrinaires
LCE
PAP
PETN
PIP
POI
PSs
SEA
WBG
The Law concerning the Environmental Code

Persons Affected by the Project/Personnes Affectes par le Projet
Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm Project/Projet Eolien Taiba Ndiaye
Properties Impacted by the Project/ Proprits Touches par le Projet
Internal Operating Plan
Performance Standards/Normes de Performances
Social and Environmental Assessment/
World Bank Group/Groupe de la Banque Mondiale

1.
1 of 25
Introduction
The Projet Eolien Taiba Ndiaye (PETN or the Project) which is the subject of this ESIS
Addendum and Stakeholder Engagement Plan, is a 151.8 MW wind project which will be
comprised of 46 Vestas V-126 3.3 MW turbines. The Project is located in Senegal in the
municipality of Taiba Ndiaye approximately 75 km northeast of Dakar (see Figure 1). Once built,
the Project will be the first wind project in Senegal and the largest wind project in West Africa.
Figure 1: Project installation area
Objectives
To promote the informed participation of all stakeholders (i.e., national and local government
institutions, local communities and other interested parties) involved through dialogue and
agreements on decision making on issues related to project implementation; and contribute to
the social development of local communities, through actions and programs in the Projects area
of influence, for a sustainable presence in the region.
Specific Objectives:
1) To build strong, constructive, and responsive relationships with all stakeholders for the
successful management of the Project's environmental and social impacts;

2 of 25
2) To define an approach for ongoing stakeholder engagement and information sharing with
local governmental authorities, local communities and service providers to promote socioeconomic benefits (i.e., jobs creation and social development);
3) To strengthen links with the various stakeholders, listening and informing to reach consensus,
credibility, trust and support for Project activities and future endeavors; and
4) To contribute to and support adaptive management and problem-solving processes through
monitoring and evaluation of planned mitigation measures.
Methodology
The Project has been involving stakeholders since 2008 in several participatory processes led
by PETNs developers and Community Relations Officer with a focus on providing relevant
Project information to all villages within the Projects direct and indirect areas of influence and
gathering villagers opinions about potential benefits, impacts and mitigation measures of the
Project (see section 5). Some of the stakeholder activities performed by PETN prior to the
development of this plan are: a) identification of stakeholders from the direct and indirect areas
of influence, b) disclosure of relevant information through community meetings and Project
newsletters, c) conducting public consultation processes, d) periodically gathering stakeholder
opinions and recommendations, and e) establishing an informal grievance mechanism. While all
these previous actions implemented by PETN are aligned with IFC, PS1, none of them were
formalized in an overarching document and/or were formally documented. In that sense, a core
objective of this Stakeholder Engagement Plan is to formalize all procedures and methods used
previously by PETN and develop an overarching plan that complies with IFC, PS1 article 27.
The Stakeholder Engagement Plan will include: a) a stakeholder analysis, b) identification of
previous and current potential impacts and mitigation measures (for more details, see Chapter
6 Socioeconomic Impacts in the ESIS Addendum), c) description of previous and future public
consultation processes, d) description of previous and future stakeholder engagement activities
and outcomes, e) a formal grievance mechanism, and f) future stakeholder engagement
activities and monitoring of livelihood restoration to be conducted in 26 villages with the Persons
Affected by the Project (the PAPs).
2.
Initial Stakeholder Engagement Plan

This initial Stakeholder Engagement Plan describes the methods PETN has implemented during
the Projects early works phase (i.e., 2008- 2015) and provides a framework of the methods
PETN and Vestas (the EPC Contractor and the provider of the Operations & Management for
the Project) plan to use going forward (i.e., leading up to and during the construction and
operations phases) to engage the workforce, affected communities and other potential
stakeholders directly affected by the Project, and to ensure that relevant environmental and
social information is disclosed and disseminated through appropriate outreach and
communications procedures (the Initial Stakeholder Engagement Plan). The Initial Stakeholder
Engagement Plan also invokes a framework for procedures for managing evaluation and
response to external grievances, complaints, and questions. In addition, the Initial Stakeholder
Engagement Plan includes reference to stakeholder engagement activities to be conducted with
the PAPs under the Livelihood Restoration Plan.

3.
3 of 25
Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan

PETN, with the assistance of Vestas, will further develop this Initial Stakeholder Engagement
Plan into a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan prior to financial close and the start
of the Projects construction phase (as noted in Section 12.8.1 of the ESMS Plan) and it will
incorporate the social management themes reflected in the ESIS Addendum and its ESMS Plan,
including specific requirements for the disclosure of Project information and will remain in effect
over the life of the Project (the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan).
Implementation of the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will ensure that all
stakeholders are kept informed about the Project on an ongoing basis and that the Project
complies with the national regulations in regards to consultation and stakeholder engagement,
and the requirements of applicable international standards (i.e., IFC PS1, EHS Guidelines and
EP III).
To complement the Community Relations Management Plan and its underlying Stakeholder
Engagement Plan, the Project will develop a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy, a
distinct procedure to ensure communication with the local communities (the Communications
Plan), as well as a Community Grievance Mechanism. See section 11 of this plan for details on
the implementation of the Projects CSR Policy, Communications Plan and Community
Grievance Mechanism.
Pursuant to both Initial and Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan requirements,
community information and consultation meetings have been, and will in the future be
periodically conducted. Should direct stakeholder contact, or either community information and
consultation meetings or any community health and safety awareness meetings result in specific
complaints or information requests, they will be documented and referred to management for
follow-up in accordance with MSP-01, Grievance Mechanism or MSP-11, Management of
Stakeholder Communications, as appropriate for the circumstances (as noted in Section 12.8.1
of the ESMS Plan).
4.
Regulations and Requirements

The legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Project is described in the ESIS REV04
and the ESIS Addendum Chapter 3, and the procedure for land acquisition is addressed in the
ESIS Addendum Chapter 10.
Stakeholder Engagement and Public Disclosure of Information
The Law concerning the Environmental Code (LCE)
The provisions of Law No. 2001-01 of January 15, 2001 applying the Environmental Code (the
LCE) and its Implementation Decree No. 2001- 282 of April 12, 2001 constitute the basic
legislative and regulatory framework governing activities with environmental impacts. The LCE
deals with general provisions, preventing and combating various forms of pollution, the
protection and development of host environments, and also sanctions and miscellaneous
provisions. The objective of the ESIS is to take environmental and social concerns into account
from the design phase for projects onwards. Moreover, the Decree specifies the scope of the
environmental impact study.
Public participation is an element comprising the environmental impact study (Article L52).
Article L52 defines the publics role in the decision-making procedure regarding projects or
programs likely to have harmful effects on the environment. The participation of populations

4 of 25
offers a response to the determination to democratize the decision-making process and it is

guaranteed by the State in keeping with decentralization and regionalization. (Article L52).
Land Acquisition and Compensation
Legal Procedure for acquiring and securing the Project land
The Project will be established on National Domain land. The land surface required for this
Project must be registered on behalf of the State once the land is declared as a Public Utility.
This registration process enables the securing of land by implementing an administrative
process which will allow the Project to acquire a lease from the State of Senegal.
In order to comply with the management of rural land and to involve all relevant stakeholders,
the following actions must be undertaken prior to any State registration:
The Rural Councils prior opinion is required via a deliberation process; and
Local people impacted by the Project must be compensated for the value associated with
the loss of land and its usage (e.g., loss of agricultural crops).
Following the Rural Council deliberation and after receiving a favorable opinion from the
concerned State services, a Presidential decree is issued to register the land on behalf of the
State. At the same time, the Departmental Commission of Census and Compensation (the
Commission) must assess the amount of compensation assigned to all Persons Affected by
the Project (PAPs). Once the Presidential Decree is issued, the land is considered a State
property (i.e., as part of the States internal domain). The State may then grant titles, including
a long-term lease for this area to the project developer. For further details, please see the ESIS
Addendum Chapter 10.
Composition of the Departmental Commission for assessing costs
The Commission was summoned by the Prefect of the Tivaouane Department, at the request of
PETN, as part of the land securing procedure of the 49.5 ha necessary for the Project
implementation within the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. The Commission worked in close
collaboration with the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye from August 2014 to January 2015, while
involving the PAP and their representatives.
The Commissions work included the following stakeholder engagement activities:
Sessions were held for providing information to the village populations located in the DAI
and for raising population awareness;
Several meetings were held with the authorities (government and local authorities); and
Field Activities: the land surface owned by each PAP was assessed in the presence of all
interested parties and village chiefs;
For further details on land acquisition and compensation, see ESIS Addendum Chapter 10.
In order to minimize the Projects impacts on the PAPs livelihood, a livelihood restoration plan
will be developed and implemented, and the plan will be based on the Livelihood Restoration
Plan framework included in the Project ESMS Plan (see ESIS Addendum Chapter 12).
Applicable International Standards
Chapter 3 of the ESIS Addendum also lists the IFC Performance Standards (PSs) and World
Bank Group (WBG) General EHS Guidelines (2007) and the recently updated WBG Wind
Energy Guidelines (2015) that are applicable to the Project. The IFC PSs that are applicable

5 of 25
to the Project for Stakeholder Engagement and Livelihood Restoration are PS1, PS2, PS4,
PS5 and PS8. The EP III (2013) are also applicable to the Project for Stakeholder Engagement
and Livelihood Restoration.
5.
Project Stakeholders
The Projects stakeholders include:
The State institutions or technical services that can intervene in the process of constructing
and operating the Project due to their environmental protection or energy management
missions:
-
6.
Regional authorities: Governor, Prefect and Sub-Prefect

State technical services:
o Regional Water and Forests Inspectorate (IREF);
o Regional Division of the Environment and Classified Establishments (DREEC); and
o Regional Agriculture Department.
Mayor of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye (municipal administration);
Deputy Mayor of the town of Taiba Ndiaye;
Domaniale President of the Commission of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
Representatives of 33 affected villages (Village Chiefs or their representatives) within the

Close Area of Influence.
All PAPs, other residents and enterprises located in villages within the Projects area of
influence (described in section 4 below).
Womens groups, other special interest groups and NGO representatives, where
applicable.
Senelec and the Electricity Sector Regulatory Commission (CRSE).
Banks and financial institutions.
Stakeholders within the Projects Area of Influence

As discussed in Chapter 4 of the ESIS Addendum, there are no villages in the Project's
immediate area of influence. A small number of people will only be present periodically (i.e.,
during mango and other crop cultivation, soil preparation and picking periods, and also for cattle
grazing).
The close area of influence includes the villages in a radius of 2 km around the wind turbine
clusters and also the transport routes, and encompasses the five wind turbine clusters, the
access roads and the cultivation lands. This close area of influence includes 33 villages within
the municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye and Darou Khoudoss. Table 1 below provides the
characteristics of these villages in relation to the positioning of wind turbines, the municipality to
which they belong and their status. The close area of influence (together with the immediate
area of influence, the DAI as per IFC PS1) also includes the roads between Dakar and the
Project site that will be used for the transportation of equipment, as well as the roads between
the quarries and the Project site.

6 of 25
Table 1: Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the closest wind turbines
ID
Village
Closest Wind
turbine
Distance in
km
Municipality
Status (Presence
of PAP)
Diamballo
E01
1,4
Darou Khoudoss
No
Keur Saliou BA
E01
1,6
Taiba NDIAYE
No
Ndeunoute
E01
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
Keur Demba Diallo
E03
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Darou Dia
E03
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Ndomor
E08
1,5
Taiba NDIAYE
No
Taiba Khab
E38
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Balsandre (Bal Samb)
E09
0,96
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
Mourdjiguene
E09
0,826
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
10
Baal Gueye
E09
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
11
NDiop Sao
E09
1,2
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
12
Thierno Ndiaye
E10
1,3
Taiba NDIAYE
No
13
Sao Mkh 1
E10
1,6
Darou Khoudoss
No
14
Sao Mkh 2
E11
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
15
Taiba Ndiaye
E18
2,6
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
16
Mrina Samb
E19
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
17
Sao2
E19
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
18
Thiss III
E19
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
19
Khelcom (Baal Diop)
E12
1,04
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
20
Baty Guye
E31
1,4
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
21
Taiba Santhie
E31
1,4
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
22
Baty Ndiaye
E31
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
23
Taiba Mbaye
E37
0,86
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
24
Ndiamba
E37
1,6
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
25
Macka Gueye Bye
E40
0,96
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
26
Keur Mall Ndiaye
E38
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
27
Miname
E38
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
No
28
Daf2
E38
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
No
29
Daf1
E38
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
No

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Table 1: Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the closest wind turbines
ID
Village
Closest Wind
turbine
Distance in
km
Municipality
Status (Presence
of PAP)
30
Djingue
E38
2,5
Taiba NDIAYE
No
31
Keur Assane Ndiaye
E46
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
32
Keur Madiagne
E46
1,7
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
33
Same Ndiaye
E46
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
The effects of the Project are potentially perceptible in the extended area of influence (the IAI
as per IFC PS1). This area takes account of indirect effects and areas potentially affected by the
cumulative impacts resulting from the cumulative effect on the areas or resources used. For this
project, the extended area of influence corresponds to a radius of 15 km around the Project area
and encompasses the municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye, Darou Khoudoss, Noto Gouye Diama,
Mouane, Pire Goureye, Cherif Lo and Mont Roland.
Villages that are home to PAP within the extended area of influence are located in the
municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye (three), Noto Gouye Diama (two) and Darou Khoudoss (one).
This involves:
For the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye: Keur Mambaye Khary, Keur Mbaye Seneba and
Mbayene III;
For the municipality of Noto Gouye Diama: Baty Bacar and Baity Dakhar; and
For the municipality of Darou Khoudoss: Sao1.

PETN engaged with all affected villages in the municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye, Darou Khoudoss
and Noto Gouye Diama for development of this ESIS Addendum (2014- 2015) and these Project
affected villages and their locations are identified in Figure 2 below and discussed in section 3.1.

Figure 2: Immediate and close areas of influence
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Identification of villages impacted in the different areas of influence

Based on the Rural Cadastre Report issued by Labosol in September 2015 regarding the
assessment of the extent of land loss per affected person in the local communities impacted by
the PETN Project (see ESIS Addendum Annex E), 26 1 villages and hamlets are home to people
engaged in livelihood-related activities which are likely to be impacted by the Project. In the
installation area, these people are referred to in the ESIS Addendum as PAP and are listed in
Tables 4 and 5 below. The main activities which PAP engage in on the Project site are
agricultural production and cattle grazing. In addition to identifying the PAP, Labosol has
determined the number of properties within the Project site where PAP activity occurs, and these
properties are referred to in the ESIS Addendum as Properties Impacted by the Project (PIP).
Based on the Rural Cadastre Report, a total of 341 PAP and 459 PIP were identified. The
difference between both numbers is explained by the fact that some PAP own more than one
property that will be impacted by the Project. Detailed information regarding the extent of the
Project impact on PAP livelihood is presented in Chapter 10 of the ESIS Addendum.
All 341 PAP were interviewed by Labosol for development of the Rural Cadastre Report and a
detailed household survey conducted with each PAP can be found in the ESIS Addendums
Annex E).
The Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye includes sixteen villages and hamlets in the close area and
three villages in the extended area of influence where PAP have been listed.
The PAP living in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye total 309 (i.e., 91 % of PAP), and are broken
down per village as indicated in Table 2 below:

No.
Villages
Number of PAP
Baty Gueye
17
Baty Ndiaye
Bal Diop
11
Bal Gueye
Darou Dia
Keur Assane Ndiaye
Keur Demba
Keur Madiagne
17
Keur Mall
10
Keur Mambaye Khary
11
Keur Mbaye Seneba
12
Maka Gaye Beye
In the Labosol report, Khelcom and Bal Diop are one and the same village. There are 26 villages and some
hamlets (without names) See Table in ESIS Addendum Annex G.

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No.
Villages
Number of PAP
13
Mbayene 3
28
14
Sam Ndiaye
15
Taiba Khab
16
Taiba Mbaye
52
17
TaibaNndiaye
62
18
Taiba Santhie
65
19
Khelcom
24
20
Hamlets
Total
309

The other seven villages that are home to PAP are split between the municipalities of Noto
Gouye Diama and Darou Khoudoss and belong to the extended area of influence (see Table 3
below). They number 32 out of 341 PAP (i.e., around 9 % of PAP).
No.
Villages
PAP
Municipality
Baty Bacar
Noto Gouye Diama
Baty Dakhar
Noto Gouye Diama
Bal sand
Darou Khoudoss
Mbourdjiguene
Darou Khoudoss
Merina samb
Darou Khoudoss
Ndiop sao
Darou Khoudoss
Sao
11
Darou Khoudoss
TOTAL
32
The twenty six (26) villages with PAP, listed in Tables 2 and 3 above, will receive the highest
priority for future stakeholder engagement activities (rank Priority 1); and, the PAP, after
receiving cash compensation for their land, will also rank Priority 1 for the monitoring of their
livelihood restoration. Four (4) of these villages are located less than 1 km away from a wind
turbine and for this reason will also be ranked Priority 1 for stakeholder engagement.
Seventeen (17) villages in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye are not home to PAP but will benefit
indirectly from the Project (e.g., employment, impact of taxes to be paid by PETN, use of access
roads).The list is provided in below:

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Table 4: Villages of Taiba Ndiaye in the direct and indirect areas of

influence and without PAP
No.
Villages
Area of influence
Daf1
direct
Daf2
direct
Djingue
direct
Keur Saliou Ba
direct
Miname
Direct
Ndiamba
Direct
Ndomor
Direct
Thierno Ndiaye
Direct
Gade
Indirect
10
Keur Birama Fatim
Indirect
11
Keur Magueye
Indirect
12
Keur Samba Awa
Indirect
13
Maka Dieng
Indirect
14
Ndame LO
Indirect
15
Ndoyne Bar (Ndoyne II)
Indirect
16
Ngomne,
Indirect
17
Thiall
Indirect
The seventeen (17) villages in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye not home to PAP, listed above,
will rank Priority 2 for future stakeholder engagement activities.
7.
Summary of Previous Stakeholder Engagement Activities

Abdoulaye Ndiaye, PETNs Community Relations Officer, has been working for PETN and
engaging with the local communities and local governmental authorities on behalf of the Project
since early in 2008. Mr. Ndiaye, alone, and also accompanied by the Project developers, has
attended numerous meetings each year (e.g., events organized each year by the mayor; carbon
credit functions, for instance in 2010 with ESBI Carbon Solution; for the ESIS public hearing in
2010 and in the following years); and for each time changes were made to the Project, including
for the public tender with a new choice of layout and WTG (Vestas V112).
In addition, Mr. Ndiaye has been overseeing the Projects subcontractors (i.e., Abba Sonko, the
local senior ecologist, HPR ANKH Consultant (HPR ANKH) for the local ESIS and Labosol) and
collaborating with Ramboll Environ and EES-SARL. He also attended official meetings that
required Sarreoles presence by the prefecture of the Department / Region.

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2009
February 2009 Public Consultation Program
For development of the ESIS in 2009, a public consultation program was organized and
meetings took place between February 24 -28, 2009 with certain governmental authorities (i.e.,
DREEC, Water and Forests and IRSV) and representatives of 15 local villages.
The approach to public consultation, which was initiated by HPR ANKH as part of the study
conducted between 24 and 28 February 2009, was based on a participatory approach which
involved the various stakeholders in the decision-making processes of the ESIS.
On the basis of a prepared pre-interview guide, interviews with focus groups were conducted
with all stakeholders of the Project. The focus group discussion is one of the most effective
tools to collect the perceptions, expectations and concerns of people in the framework of an
environmental and social impact study.
Thus, technical services, local elected officials and local communities of the Project took part
in this study. The choice of the local communities involved in this study is justified by the fact
that they are the closest to the Project site and they are more exposed to potential impacts
from the Project.
In summary, the consultation approach applied was in accordance with the iterative approach
described below:
1) Disclose information on the project;
2) Conduct consultations with stakeholders on the project; and
3) Exchange information and discuss the project.
Stakeholders concerns and recommendations
This section includes summaries of the opinions expressed by each of the three key
stakeholder groups during the February 2009 public consultation meetings.
The Technical Services
According to the general advice received from the Technical Services that were consulted as
part of the ESIS 2009 for construction of the Project, it appears that they generally approve of
the Project. Technical Services managers, in fact, believe that the Project, in addition to
contributing to the reversal of the electrical production deficit in the country, will contribute to the
development of local communities by creating employment and investment in basic social
sectors, such as education and health.
They recommend, however, in order to eliminate or reduce the potential negative impacts due
to the Projects implementation that the Project Proponent:
Involve the local communities throughout the Project process, including in the
identification of the property tax base which will be impacted and the compensation
paid to PAPs;
Post signs throughout the area where electrical cables will be installed;

13 of 25
Support the extension of the electrical grid to neighboring villages that have no access
to electricity;
Support public lighting and the connection of public institutions such as schools and
health posts; and
Avoid introducing significant restrictions which will be detrimental to pastoral activities.
The Local Elected Officials

The local elected officials of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, despite some apprehensions, are
generally favorable to the establishment of the wind farm project. The apprehensions that have
been expressed are linked inter alia to the sites that need to shelter the Project. These are
agricultural areas of local communities. According to the elected officials, the loss of part of these
lands may reduce agricultural production and affect the already fragile incomes of these
communities. This apprehension is all the more founded, as a local elected official mentioned,
because these lands are the most fertile in the entire Municipality.
To compensate for this impact to the farmers and the Municipality, the elected officials suggest
that the Project Proponent:
Prioritize the recruitment of farmers who are impacted by the Project;
Provide support for community development initiatives; and
Provide support to basic social sectors, such as education and health, by improving
equipment.
The Local Communities

In general, the vast majority of the local population approves of the Project. However, like any
project that presents something new, this one provokes some worries and concerns which are
more the result of ignorance of the real nature of the project than anything else.
Indeed, if people in local communities are used to looking at wind turbines, it is usually in the
context of drilling, as they attested. This project, which plans to install wind turbines to generate
electricity, represents a real concern for some and as a result raised a number of questions and
apprehensions during various meetings. These apprehensions are especially founded because
the Project, which is of a relatively large size, plans to be established in areas where local
communities are engaged in agriculture.
Agriculture is the main activity in the area with 85% of land assets occupying a key position in
the agricultural production system. It is thus normal that the Project might be perceived to
potentially have a negative impact on the land and the ability of the communities to continue with
their agricultural activities.
However, despite their apprehensions, the people simultaneously expressed strong
expectations and recommended or proposed solutions to mitigate or compensate the Projects
impacts. Thus, they have emphasized the need to:
Inform local communities of the Project starting date and the field enumeration process
impacted by the Project;

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Provide supporting documents for all species surveyed to all PAPs;
Discuss with the local communities the compensation methodology to be applied;
Develop with the local communities the construction of a drilling for agricultural purposes
in order to increase production and compensate for land losses caused by the Project;
Recruit primarily from the local workforce;
Make all local communities profit from the Project benefits;
Involve women in the implementation of the Project;
Post tags and warning signs on the route where the cables will be buried;
Establish a commission to identify and monitor the compensation of local communities;
Take into account in recruitment of the local workforce the difference in demographic
weight of each village.
Comments and conclusions on the public consultations

The installation of the wind farm project in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, beyond the legitimate
apprehensions that it arouses, remains a project for which social acceptability remains fairly
favorable; and this is an important asset to preserve and enhance in order to ensure the
successful implementation of the Project.
Indeed, the technical services, local elected officials and local communitieshave all expressed
the immeasurable benefits that this project could have on local communities and the country in
general.
Thus, in order to better integrate the Project in its socio-economic context, the Project should:
Focus on direct consultation with all stakeholders;
Promote transparency in the land acquisition process;
Accompany and support local communities in local development initiatives;
Recruit primarily from the local workforce.
See Attachment 1 for a listing of the specific perceptions, concerns, expectations and
recommendations of the key stakeholders who were consulted during the February 2009
meetings.

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October 16, 2009 Technical Review Committee Meeting

On Friday, October 16, 2009, a meeting of the Technical Review Committee was held at the
Regional Division of Environment and Classified Establishments, Thies (DREEC / Thies), for a
pre-validation of the interim report of the Environmental and Social Impact Study (ESIS) of the
Project. The meeting was chaired by Ibrahima Sonko of the Industry Department in the absence
of the Renewable Energy Division.
Present at the meeting were representatives of:
The Directorate of Environment and Classified Establishments (DEEC);

The Industry Directorate;
The Civil Protection Department;
The Directorate of Water and Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation;
Regional Council, Thies;
The Regional Inspectorate of Forestry, Thies;
The Division of Weather, Thies;
Regional service planning, Thies;
The distribution service of SENELEC, Thies;
Regional Division of Environment and Classified Establishments, Thies (DREEC / Thies);
The Regional Directorate of Rural Development, Thies;
The Rural Council, Taiba;
SARREOLE, the Promoter; and
HPR ANKH Consultants.
At the start of the meeting, the DEEC provided a brief review of the context and the validation
procedure of environmental impact studies.
HPR ANKH Consultants (the Consultant), a firm accredited by the Ministry of Environment,
Nature Protection, Retention Basins and Artificial Lakes for developing Environmental Impact
Studies, and the developer of the Projects ESIS, presented an overview of the study, and
provided the following information:
- The background and rationale of the project, which involves the production of energy,
and especially renewable energy;
- The components and operation of the project;
- The description of the site to house the project and the methodology of the study;
- Analysis of potential environmental and social impacts related to the project activities
during the different phases of the project; and
- The mitigation measures of the negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts.
Following a presentation by the Consultant, the floor was given to the members of the Technical
Committee for their comments and recommendations. Questions from the Technical Committee
and Consultants responses are included in Table 5 below.

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Table 5: Summary of Q&A at the Technical Services Committee Meeting

Questions from the Committee
Consultants Responses
Partnership with SENELEC
SARREOLE does not provide electricity to

villages, it is provided by SENELEC
The average wind speed for proper operation
of a wind turbine is 40km / h
The availability of wind energy; and the

average wind speed for proper operation of a
wind turbine
The impacts for local people; the economic
value of the loss of agricultural production;
and the possibility of continuing activities by
the local communities after the Projects
installation
The projects resemblance to another project,
which is at the entrance of Mboro
The impact on rainfall
Protection against lightning
The cost of the kilowatt / hour
The materialization of perimeter security and
surveillance to counter any occupation
The type of spill that could be found
The management of the project monitoring
committee.
The degree of involvement of Forestry

Tivaouane; and possible consultation with the
group of Tivaoune firefighters
Questions with no record of responses:

-The risk of electromagnetism;
- Measures relative to atmospheric
discharges;
-References for assessing the bird migration;
-Assessing the sensitivity;
-References costing; and
-Brake system in the event of high winds; and
the existence or absence of a local
representative (office) of the project
Agricultural activities will be disturbed only

during the installation phase of the project;
and farmers compensation arrangements are
on page 101 of the ESIS
There is no similarity with the Mboro project
The wind turbine will have no impact on the
rain
A lightning protection system and surge
protection is built into each turbine
The price per kilowatt is set by the price
regulation commission
Each turbine will have a security perimeter
The quantity of waste oil per turbine is on
page 57 of the ESIS
A Monthly Monitoring Report will be prepared
by SARREOLE and submitted to the
committee; a budget will be allocated to the
monitoring committee
No meeting was held previously with the
Forestry Dept. of Tivaoune. Although, the
Forestry Dept. of Thies was consulted during
the February 2009 consultation program.
Consultation with the group of Tivaoune
firefighters is not required.
As for many other issues, technical services
will be visited in order to gather more
information which will be incorporated into the
updated report.

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Recommendations
The Technical Committees recommendations included that the Project respect the
commitments made to the local communities; add as relevant to the project the International
Environmental Conventions ratified by Senegal; establish a waste management plan for the
duration of the project; identify accident prevention arrangements; involve the National Park
Directorate in monitoring and the relevant structures; set clear wind transport arrangements;
review the Internal Operating Plan (POI) and its cost; and sign a protocol with SENELEC.
At the meetings conclusion, Consultant was asked to incorporate the Committee
recommendations and relevant comments into the document. The updated ESIS was submitted
to DEEC, which checked, in connection with the President, if all comments have been taken into
account for the pre-validation of the report. The public hearing session was scheduled.
See Attachment 2 for minutes on the Technical Review Committee Meeting.
2010
March 3, 2010 Public Hearing
A public hearing was held on Wednesday, March 3, 2010, in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye,
and it was chaired by the President of the Municipality, Mr. Al LO. The public hearing was part
of the process to validate the environmental impact study report on the project to establish a
wind farm at Taiba Ndiaye by the SARREOLE Group,
Present at the meeting were the following:
Representatives of the national technical committee to validate environmental impact
studies:
o Directorate of the Environment and Classified Establishments (DEEC);
o Directorate of Water, Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation (DEFCCS);
o Directorate of Labour and Social Security;
o Directorate of Civil Protection; and
o Regional Division of Environment and Classified Establishments at Thies
(DREEC).
The Project Sponsor;
The Consultant; and
Local Communities.
Meeting Agenda
After words of welcome by Mr. Ale LO, President of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, and
presentation of technical committee members, the floor was given to Mr Mamadou Sanghar,
from the DREEC, who recalled the spirit of the public hearing and clarified the earlier stages of
the validation process of the Environmental Assessment of this project, and stated that this new
approach in the design of projects is within the provisions of the Code of the Environment of
2001 and that the objective of public hearings is to present a synthesis of the environmental
impact study report to the people and receive from local stakeholders their opinions, comments
and recommendations.

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After this summary, Mr. Al Assane Sene, of HPR ANKH Consultants, the consultant who
conducted the study, presented the project, which was the subject of the public hearing. He
informed the people of:
The public consultation process;
The initial state of the site;
A description of how a wind farm operates; and
The project's impacts on the biophysical and socio-economic environments, namely:
o
o
o
o
soil pollution risks;

noise pollution (noise);
the risk of accidents;
the jobs to be generated, etc.
Following Mr. Assane Sene, the representative of the Project Sponsor, reassured the population
of compliance with all terms and recommendations of the study, in addition, he said that the
accompanying measures are provided on the social plan, including a contribution to all levels of
community life in the Municipality.
Following the Consultant and Project Sponsor, the floor was given to the Public who:
Made a number of observations and comments;

Asked some questions for clarification; and then
Gave a clear position on the project.
A select number of the Publics Observations and Comments, Questions and Recommendations
are provided below, along with a select number of the Consultants and DREECs Responses.
For the complete list of comments and opinions expressed at the meeting by the Public, the
Consultant and the DREEC, see the meeting minutes in Attachment 3.
1. Publics Observations and Comments
The project will change the original environment of the site because of its posts to great
heights;
The project will encroach on the agricultural fields;
The park is a source of savings for the village but it must respect the commitments
made in the Environmental Management Plan.
2. Questions for clarification
What is the percentage in terms of budget that will benefit the local community from this
project?
What is the compensation scheme for the fields that will be impacted by the project?
Will safety be assured on the seven (07) ha or will it be only at the poles?
3. Recommendations
Favor transparency in the management of the park;

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Establish drilling support measures.
4. Position relative to the project
The project is acceptable, it is important because it is a renewable energy; and
Its degree of impact is not high, therefore, it is acceptable.
Responses
The Consultant:
The obligations are related to the implementation of the compensation and monitoring
measures;
For unskilled jobs, the privilege will go to the inhabitants of the area; for skilled workers,
recruitment is done by call offers to the most deserving because the project sponsor
must protect its investment as the project will not have need of a high effective;
The project will contribute to the local community a sum of 50 million per year;
Security is provided around each wind turbine and not for the entire seven (07)
hectares, so that people do not climb on the poles; and
The Project Sponsor reconfirmed the following points:
The priority is to first protect the populations;
All the recommendations of the study will be applied; and
Accompanying measures will be implemented even if they are not required.
DREEC confirmed that the public hearing is an opportunity for the public to review the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP), for taking into account all their concerns, and to get
involved in follow-up as a stakeholder. The monitoring plan and environmental monitoring will
be implemented by the DEEC in connection with the relevant services, in addition to the local
community.
In conclusion, the Consultant was instructed to continue the procedure to integrate the concerns
of the local communities in the final report to be submitted to the Directorate of Environment and
Classified Establishments. Submission of this final document will enable to be prepared the
notice of decision of the Minister of the Environment, concerning the issuance of an
environmental compliance certificate for the project.
See Attachment 3 for minutes of the March 3, 2010 Public Hearing.

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September 22, 2010 Public Consultation and CDM Meeting

On September 22, 2010 a public consultation and CDM meeting took place from 11:20
until 14:30 at the Offices of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye among the partners of Sarreole,
a representative of ESBI Carbon Solution, and the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye; both
community officials and community members attended.
The meeting agenda included the following:
Election of the president of the meeting;

Presentation of the Taiba Ndiaye wind project as a Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) Project and the Kyoto Protocol;
Discussion with and questions taken from the community officials and members;
Summary by the meeting President; and
Expression of thanks.
Mr. Mory Mohamed Niang, 2 n d Vice President of the Rural Advisory Board of Taiba Ndiaye
opened the meeting and thanked the local community for having come to the meeting and
wished a warm welcome to the partners of Sarreole and thanked them for having selected
the community of Taiba Ndiaye to locate their project.
M. Kene Diop, President of the Local Environmental Commission was elected to be the
president of the meeting. M. Kene Diop took over the discussion and began by affirming the
importance of the project which, outside of generating electricity, will bring FCFA 50 million
each year to the community and create employment and training opportunities.
Mrs. Ritu Kuma, Senior Carbon Specialist with ESBI Carbon Solution, provided a
presentation which included overviews o n the greenhouse effect and its impacts o n the
flora and fauna of the planet, and the Kyoto Protocol. She explained that Senegal is classified
amongst the countries which are capable of producing carbon credits and selling them in
support of sustainable development. She explained that the Taiba Ndiaye wind project is a
CDM Project and had begun the process to be registered with the United Nations as one
which will produce carbon credits, and she provided details on the registration and monitoring
process of projects.
Mrs. Kuma explained that the project will consist of 50 wind turbines on two sites; site 1:
20 turbines (50 MW) and site 2: 30 turbines (75 MW). The project is estimated to produce
280 Gwh of electricity annually representing 11% of the annual production of electricity by
Senelec in 2009. The electricity generated by the project will be sold to Senelec. Wind
turbines produce energy without the use of fossil fuels with a technology that is proven
and safe. Unlike generating facilities which use fossil fuels, wind turbines do not emit CO2
and therefore do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
It was announced that the final environment permit for the project had been issued, and that the
developers of the project have a long experience of developing wind projects in France. It was
also noted that the project alone will not meet the growing energy demand but will
nonetheless have a positive social and economic impact on the region and in general a
positive impact on the country because it will produce clean energy.

21 of 25
The floor was then given to the community for comments and opinions, and select comments
and opinions are provided below.
The Assistant Prefet, Mr. Meouane indicated his appreciation of the project and
the benefits which it shall bring to the community. For him, the benefits of this project
will go well beyond the borders of the community of Taiba Ndiaye.
Mr. Abdou Lahat Ndiaye espressed his concern with regard to wind turbines which
would shadow the fields and the effect that this might cause.
Responding to this question, Mr. Tabashi Niasse, a n expert in social communication,

reassured the population of these impacts and zones of shadows. According to Mr. Niasse,
the issue had been addressed in the environmental management plan. In any event, the
objective has always been to build this project without causing damage.
The Assistant Prefet reassured the population that his office has taken the responsibility to
ensure that the project is built and operated in accordance with the law. With regard to the
masts installed on the land, readings will be taken and the appropriate measures will be
applied.
As noted in the meeting registry, 70 men and women from the local communities attended the
meeting.
For the complete list of comments and opinions expressed at the Public Consultation and CDM
Meeting, see the meeting minutes in Attachment 4, newspaper announcement of the meeting
in Attachment 5 and photos taken at the meeting in Attachment 6. For the list of stakeholders
that were consulted during the development of the ESIS 2009/2010, see Attachment 7.
For the Certificate approving the ESIS 2009/2010, see Attachment 8.
2012
December 2012 Public Consultation Program
The aim of the public consultation program in 2012 was to gather the opinion of stakeholders
and their recommendations regarding the Project.
Chapter 8 of the ESIS REV03 of October 2014 presents the results of this consultation program
in a summary of the perceptions, concerns and recommendations of key stakeholders (i.e.
villagers, local and regional administrations) with respect to the change in the Project
configuration.
The stakeholder engagement technique used in 2012 by HPR ANKH is an interview-based
survey which, through the exchanges that it establishes, enables in-depth, detailed exploration
of the questions asked. These interviews were conducted based on a semi-directive interview
guide. Indeed, this tool, which uses themes and questions, identifies the guiding thread for the
discussion between the researcher and the stakeholders and provides an intermediary for
exchanges.
While carrying out this mission from 22 to 28 December 2012, in communities between Dakar
and This, the following stakeholders were consulted by HPR ANKH:


o
o
The Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments;

The Civil Defense Directorate;

o
o
o
o
o
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The Regional Development Agency;
The Regional Development Directorate;
The Sub-Prefect of Ouadiour;

The Borough of Taba Ndiaye;
The populations of the following 11 villages:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Diambalo, Balsande,;
Taba Ndiaye;
Taba Mbaye;
Baty Ndiaye;
Baty Guye;
Minam Diop;
Mbayne;
Khelkom Diop;
Taba Santhie;
Maka Gaye Bye; and
Ndomor Diop.
This consultation phase nevertheless had a few gaps as no details were given with respect to
the methodology used for disclosing Project information. Thus, in the 26 villages and hamlets
home to 341 listed PAPs, only twelve villages (Diambalo, Balsandre, Taba N'diaye, Taba
Mbaye, Baty N'diaye, Baty Guye, Miname Diop, Mbayne, Khelcom Diop, Taba Santhie,
Maka Gaye Bye and Ndomor Diop) were consulted during the public consultation program
carried out on 22-28 December 2012.
The 2012 study also does not specify the selection criteria used to choose villages and
administrative bodies consulted. As an example, the consultation included the sub-prefecture of
Ouadiour, which is some distance away from the Project and even outside the extended area of
influence.
2014
Stakeholder Engagement in regards to Land Assessment and Compensation
Labosol was first engaged in mid-2014 to support the Project in assessing the perceptions of
the local communities and the extent of land loss to the PAP. The work began with a public
hearing (June 12, 2014) at Taiba NDiaye to explain before the surveyors task commenced what
work would be done (i.e., surveys of land plots).
Shortly after the public hearing took place, an assessment was performed by the Commission
(August 2014 to January 2015) to assess land usage and determine the amount of financial land
compensation for each PAP. This assessment was conducted with all concerned local village

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and PAP representatives and with the support of Labosol, who was engaged to measure the
field surface impacted by the Project for each PAP. Results from the land compensation
assessment conducted by the Commission, with the support of Labosol, are summarized in the
Land Compensation and Assessment Report 2. Based on this survey, 49.5 ha of impacted land
were delineated onsite by Labosol, resulting in the impact of 457 fields owned by 335 PAPs.
One PAP can own up to 10 different parcels of land. Although this survey was assessing the
impacted land surface for each PAP, it did not assess the overall Project impact on each PAP
(i.e., loss of land, along with loss of trees and/or crops).
December 2014 to January 2015 Public Consultation Program
Labosol carried out an additional public consultation program under their support mission to the
PAP census and the Commission (described above). The aim of these consultations was to
raise awareness of the local communities to the Project, its characteristics, its changes, its
potential social and economic impacts and also to compile the opinions of the local communities
involved. The dates of these meetings are provided in Table 6 below.
Table 6: Public consultation program conducted by Labosol and the Departmental Commission of Census and
Compensation
Date
11/12/2014
Locality
Taba Ndiaye
15/12/2014 to
19/12/2014
Labosol
Taba Ndiaye
Information and awareness-raising of

Village Leaders
Labosol
Taba Ndiaye
Surveying of the temporary storage

areas
Labosol
Field verification with the village

leaders
Labosol team & Departmental

Committee of Census and
Compensation (facilitators for
villager meeting and
researchers)
Financial assessment and production

of the provisional report
Labosol team & Departmental

Committee of Census and
Compensation (facilitators for
villager meeting and
researchers)
13/01/2015 to
15/01/2015
Taba Ndiaye
Tivaouane
20/01 to
26/01/2015
Responsible parties
Field fact-finding visit and Activity

planning meeting
Tivaouane
12/12/2014
Activities
Tivaouane
2015
February 2015 Public Consultation Program
Two representatives from Ramboll Environ visited the Project area in February 2015 to
familiarize themselves with the Projects area of influence prior to organizing this latest public
consultation program. During this visit, a discussion-format consultation took place at Taiba
Gueye and involved a discussion among Ramboll Environ, EES, PETN and the village chiefs of
For further information regarding land compensation, refer to the Land Compensation and Assessment Report
(ESIS Addendum, Annex D) prepared by the Commission and Labosol.

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Taiba Gueye and Baiti NDiaye, along with several villagers from Taiba Gueye. During the
consultation, PETN explained the changes to the Project since 2012.
To ensure the public consultation of all local communities affected by the Project, EES carried
out an additional consultation program (February 16-18 2015) to inform the local communities
of changes made to the Project since the last consultations. This latest consultation program
was a chance for the local communities to express their views on the changes to the Project.
The villages that had not been consulted in 2012 were included in the February 2015
consultation program. These latest public consultations targeted 23 villages and hamlets out of
the 35 3 in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. The villages outside the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
(located in the municipalities of Noto and Darou Khoudoss) and home to some PAP were also
consulted. The PAP from these municipalities were included in the Diambalo meeting. When
PAP from these villages did not attend the Diambalo meeting, they were interviewed directly in
their villages by a team from EES.
To achieve the objectives assigned to the 2015 Public Consultation program (i.e., disclosure of
additional information following modifications to the basic Project configuration), the list of
communities to consult was expanded to include all local communities affected, whether or not
they belonged to the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
Six meetings with local communities took place in accordance with the timetable shown in Table
7 below, and the public's perception of the Project (i.e., acceptability of the Project, doubts,
expectations and recommendations) were gathered during these consultation meetings. See
Attachment 9 for a summary of topics discussed during the February 16-18, 2015 consultation
meetings.
Following the attachment of Selco and Keur Bakar, the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye counts 35 villages.

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Table 7: Public Consultation Program from February 16 to 18, 2015

Date and Time
Villages Consulted
Place Planned for the

Meeting
Activities
Responsible Parties
Monday 16th,
Februaryat 9 a.m.
Taba Ndiaye, Taba Santhie, Taba

Mbaye and Taba Khab
In the square of the

headquarters of the
Municipal Council at
Taiba Ndiaye
Village meeting
EES team (facilitators for the villager

meeting and researchers) and
Abdoulaye NDiaye, Community
Relations Officer of PETN
Monday 16th,
February at 3 p.m.
Group of eight villages (Minam,

Keur Mall, Mbayne 3, Keur
Mbaye Snoba, Keur Samba Awa,
Keur Fatim, Keur Mambaye and
Ndiamba)
In the public square near

the school in Minam
Village meeting
Tuesday 17th,
February at 9 a.m.
Group of five villages (Keur

Madiagne, Sam Ndiaye, Keur
Assane Ndiaye, Baty Ndiaye and
Baty Guye)
In the public square near

the village school in Keur
Madiagne
Village meeting
Tuesday 17th,
February at 3 p.m.
Khlcom Diop (Bal Diop) and Maka

Guye Bye
In the public square in the

village of Khelcom Diop
Village meeting
Wednesday 18th,
February at 9 a.m.
Ndomor Diop
In the village of Ndomor

Diop
Village meeting
Wednesday 18th,
February at 3 p.m.
Group of villages in the North

(Diambalo, Bal Guye, Keur
Maguette Guye, Keur Demba
Diallo, Darou Dia and Balsandre)
In the village of Diambalo
Village meeting
Household surveys for the

PAP from the sample

PAP from the sample

PAP from the sample

PAP from the sample

PAP from the sample

PAP from the sample


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June 2015 Public Consultation Program

A public consultation program was organized on 18 June 2015, attended by the financial
institutions (OPIC, EKF), SARREOLE (Project developer), VESTAS (construction manager),
ACEI (equity provider) and the consultancy firms (Ramboll Environ, EES and Mott MacDonald)
to engage with the affected local communities and get their views on the Project in terms of
acceptability, expectations, doubts and suggestions.
This consultation program involved a large-scale meeting (attended by many representatives
from eight villages), participation in a municipal council session and discussion-format
consultations in two villages. The detail of these consultations is presented in Table 8 below,
and see Attachment 1 for a summary of topics discussed during the June 18, 2015 consultation
meeting.
Table 8: Public Consultation Program on June 18, 2015
Date and time
Villages Consulted
Activities
Responsible parties
Thursday,
Group of eight villages:

Keur Mall, Miname,
Mbayne 3, Keur
Mambaye, Khary,
Ndiamba Touba Fall,
Keur Mbaye Seneba,
Keur Samba Aura and
Keur Birima
Village meeting
PETN with assistance

from EES (translation)
Taiba Ndiaye
Municipal session to discuss the

convention regarding the draft
easements
18 June
at 10 a.m.
Thursday,
18 June
at 3 p.m.
Thursday,
Attended by the village chiefs and

community members, and
representatives of village women
Session attended by the Mayor of the

Municipality, the Sub-Prefect and 36
municipal counsellors
18 February
Discussion with villagers impacted

directly by the Project
at 4 p.m.
Attended by the village chief
Thursday,

Taiba Santhie
Baty Gueye
18 February

at 5.30 p.m.
Attended by the school teacher


Stakeholder Engagement in regards to Land Assessment and Compensation

In order to assess the percentage of income loss generated by the Project for each PAP, a
second survey was conducted by Labosol from July to August 2015. This survey consisted of
developing a rural cadastre of the Project footprint, assessing the percentage of land and
revenue loss for each PAP. Results of this second survey are presented in the Rural Cadastre
Report 4. As part of this rural cadastre survey, household surveys were conducted and all PAPs
4
For further information regarding the level of impact on each PAP, refer to the second Labosol study presented in the Rural Cadastre
Report (ESIS Addendum- Annex E).

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were interviewed by Labosol to assess the level of the Projects impact on their livelihood. PAPs
responses collected during the household surveys are presented in Annex 4 of the Rural
Cadastre report.
Based on this second survey, 48 ha of impacted land were delineated onsite, resulting in the
impact of 459 fields owned by 341 PAPs. The difference in results between the land
compensation study conducted by the Commission and the Rural Cadastre survey is due mainly
to the change in the Project configuration. This change of configuration occurred at the end of
2014, while the Commission was onsite and thus was not taken into account in the Land
Compensation and Assessment Report. An additional land compensation assessment for the
additional 7 PAPs will be conducted by the Commission, under the same conditions as for the
previous land compensation assessment, before the beginning of construction works in order to
ensure land compensation for all PAPs.
In order to minimize the Projects impacts on the PAPs livelihood, a livelihood restoration plan
will be developed and implemented prior to financial close, and the plan will be based on the
Livelihood Restoration Plan framework included in the Project ESMS Plan (see ESIS Addendum
Chapter 12).
8.
Continuation of the Stakeholder Engagement Program

Expansion of the Community Relations Department
Mr. Ndiaye will move to a new position as the Community Relations Advisor, an external advisor,
and will support and assist in training the Community Relations team and assist in managing the
Projects relationships with people and community. A new Community Relations Officer, and a
staff of 3 people will be hired to serve as the Community Relations Department; on or before
financial close, and they will all be based at the Projects headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye.
The team will be responsible for communicating with the local communities to ensure that
updated Project information is disclosed on a regular basis and that all questions, concerns and
requests of community members are addressed and recorded. The Community Relations Officer
or a member of his team will deliver and post updated information in each village Project Bulletin
Board and at the same time will meet with each village chief and villagers to provide project
updates on a monthly basis (for further details, see section 9.2), thereby ensuring that
stakeholder engagement takes place in each village at least once each month during
construction and, eventually, at least one every quarter during operations. The purpose of these
meetings will be to communicate progress of the Project during construction and the activities
which occurred in the past month and those which shall occur in the coming months. These
meetings will also be a platform for community members to express their concerns and ask any
questions about the Project.
In addition to individual and group meetings in the villages, the team will be responsible to ensure
that the PETN Village Project Bulletin Boards (described in section 5.5) are updated on a regular
basis so that those who are not able to attend meetings can obtain information on the Project.
Involvement of Vestas as EPC Contractor
The Vestas Community Relations Manager will be responsible for managing interactions with
local communities with respect to public health and safety, security, and other social concerns
specifically related to the construction of the Project. The Vestas Community Relations Manager
will also collaborate with the PETN Community Relations Manager on construction-related
stakeholder engagement activities, and coordinate with the PETN Community Relations
Manager and Project Manager in the investigation and resolution of any community grievances
or other issues related to construction that involve local communities or external stakeholders.

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Further details on the Vestas Community Relations Manager and its role and responsibilities will
be provided in the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan.
Means by which people are informed about the Project

The Projects Communication Plan includes publication of a free newsletter (see an example in
Attachment 11) and the installation of a free-standing bulletin board (see photo included in
Social Responsibility section of the newsletter included in Attachment 11) in all 39 villages , a
communication program which as of the date of this plan has already been implemented. This
bulletin board will be one of the Projects main means of communicating to all the villages. At
the moment, the monthly newsletter is posted in the bulletin board. In the future, larger poster
like communications (with graphics and photos) will be prepared and installed in all community
bulletin boards to explain when and where compensation will be paid and when certain
construction activities will take place.
Communication activities with the local communities include the following:
Both individual and community meetings have been conducted since 2008, and will continue
to be arranged during the construction and operations phases for both communities with and
without PAP, in accordance with the schedule proposed in section 9.2;
Monthly Project newsletters have been prepared and distributed since January 2015 to local
governmental authorities, including village chiefs, and, as indicated above, are now
distributed to all 39 villages;
Project Bulletin Boards were installed in all 39 villages in June 2015 (see photo in
Attachment 11). In addition to distribution of monthly Project newsletters to village chiefs,
each month, the Project newsletters are now posted in each of the village Project Bulletin
Boards and made available for all villagers;
Project Update Posters, to be posted monthly in the Project Bulletin Boards in all Villages,
will begin prior to the commencement of the construction phase;
Household Surveys were already conducted by Labosol with all 341 PAP and are included
in Annex 4 to the Labosol Rural Cadastre Report (see Annex E to the ESIS Addendum);
School supplies (i.e., 4000 pens and notebooks with a description of a wind farm on the
cover) were provided at around 50 schools throughout Taiba Ndiaye in October 2015;
Suggestion boxes will be installed (for submission of anonymous grievances) outside the
PETN office in Taiba Ndiaye and the municipal offices in Taiba Ndiaye, Noto Gouye Diama
and Darou Khoudoss; and
The Project website will be expanded and updated on a regular basis.
As we understand, some adults in the local villages are illiterate so extra effort will be put forth
to ensure that these key stakeholders are communicated with by the most effective means,
relying on verbal communication, face-to-face meetings, graphics and photos as much as
possible.
Interaction of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan with other social plans
As noted in this Stakeholder Engagement Plan and the ESIS, certain elements of the
Stakeholder Engagement Plan, the Communications Plan and the Grievance Mechanism have
already been implemented by the Project owners. The development and implementation of
these plans are ongoing. The coordination of all these plans including the CSR Policy and Plan
and the Livelihood Restoration Plan, which are also under development, shall be done by the

29 of 25
Community Relations Department. It is currently anticipated that the Community Relations

Department will be in place and fully operational on or before financial close.
All plans will be implemented and coordinated on a daily basis by the Community Relations
Department with support from the Project Manager, Vestas and external consultants, as needed.
9.
Timetable
Project schedule
The Project will be constructed in three phases: two construction phases of sixteen wind turbines
each and a final construction phase of fourteen wind turbines. The purpose is to enable PETN
to work with Senelec to successfully integrate the project into the grid. The provisional Project
timetable provided for work to start at the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2015 (the first
construction phase is now scheduled to begin in April 2016), with delivery of the first tranche of
52.8 MW after fifteen months. The other two tranches will be delivered 11 months and 19 months
later, respectively i.e. a total construction period of 34 months. The first tranche is planned to
enter operation before the end of the 1st Qtr. 2017.
Preliminary timetable of future Stakeholder Engagement activities
The PETN Project management team, along with the Vestas Project management team, where
appropriate, will engage on a periodic basis with the following Senegalese governmental
authorities:
The National and Regional offices of the Environmental Ministry
The Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments (DEEC) will oversee
implementation of some of the measures and recommendations approved by the technical
committee (measures concerning surveillance and monitoring and for reforestation (if required
by the authorities or compensation) and the safety of goods and people. PETN will engage with
DEEC and/or DREEC on a periodic basis to discuss the Project and its progress. A schedule
with the frequency of meetings to take place during the Construction Phase will be agreed upon
by DEEC and PETN prior to financial close.
Local governmental authorities
The local governmental authorities include the Governor, the Prefect of Tivaouane, and the SubPrefect of Mouane; they act under the framework of transferred powers and represent the State
authorities.
The Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee (ESMC), to be established under the
direction of the Governor, who appoints its members by order on the recommendation of the
Prefect of Tivaouane and the Sub-Prefect of Mouane, will be committed for the overall
management of the Projects environmental and social aspects, and will meet periodically with
PETN in order to discuss and assess the reports concerning environmental monitoring, hygiene,
safety and the implementation of social measures applied by PETN. A schedule with the
frequency of meetings to take place during the Construction Phase will be agreed upon by ESMC
and PETN prior to financial close.
The Community Relations (CR) team, supported by Abdoulaye Ndiaye (the Community
Relations Advisor) and the Project management team, where needed, will conduct on a periodic
basis the following stakeholder engagement activities throughout the Construction Phase:

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43 Villages within the Projects Close Area of Influence

Each month, throughout the Construction Phase, in accordance with a schedule mutually agreed
upon among the parties (day and time), the CR Representative assigned to each village will
deliver and install the Monthly Project Poster in the Bulletin Box in each village. The CR
Representative will then deliver a few copies of the Monthly Project Poster to the village chief
and will conduct a meeting with the village chief and any villagers who would like to participate.
During the meeting, the CR Representative will verbally summarize (primarily for the benefit of
meeting attendees who cannot read) whats included in that months Monthly Project Poster
(e.g., provide an update on the Projects construction, schedule for next months construction
activities, available jobs, update on any community investment activities) and will take and
respond to questions raised by the village chief and/or residents.
17 Villages without PAP in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
These villages will be engaged on a monthly basis throughout the Construction Phase, as
described above.
During the initial meeting with each village, to be led by a member of PETNs Project
management team prior to commencement of the Construction Phase, the CR Representative
assigned to that village will be introduced. The PETN Project management team representative,
and for subsequent meetings, the CR Representative, will provide an update on the Project and
will take and respond to questions raised by the village chief and/or villagers. Each villager
attending the initial meeting will be given a card with contact information for the PETN
management team and the CR Representative assigned to that village. The PETN cell phone
number will also be posted in the window of the PETN headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye.
26 Villages with PAP
Initial meeting:
Approximately 14- 21 days prior to the financial compensation being paid by PETN to the PAP,
a meeting will be scheduled in each of the 26 villages, to which only the villages PAPs, the
village chief and any other village authorities will be invited. The meeting will be led by a
member of PETNs Project management team and the CR Representative assigned to that
village will be introduced. The PETN Project management team representative will provide an
update on the Project, the procedure established for receiving cash compensation (i.e., date,
place and method of payment) and will take and respond to questions raised by the village
chief and/or PAPs. Each PAP will be given a sealed envelope that will include the particulars
of its individual compensation (i.e., name, address, cell phone number, extent of land and/or
tree loss and total compensation to be paid) and a card with contact information for the PETN
management team and the CR Representative assigned to that village.
Follow-up meetings for PAP, in addition to monthly village meetings noted above:
Follow-up meetings to monitor the PAPs progress towards livelihood restoration will be in
accordance with the following schedule:
1.) For the PAP with more than 25% loss of land and trees (25 PAP): individual monthly
meetings will take place between the CR Representative and each PAP in this category
until the PAPs livelihood has been restored;

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2.) For the PAP with between 10 and 25% loss of land and trees (87 PAP), individual quarterly
meetings will take place between the CR Representative and each PAP in this category
until the PAPs livelihood has been restored; and
3.) For the PAP with less than 10% loss of land and trees (229), one meeting (approx. 6
months after compensation has been paid) will take place between the CR Representative
and each PAP in this category. If livelihood for the PAP has not been fully restored during
this timeframe, subsequent meetings will be scheduled until livelihood for the PAP has
been restored.
Criteria for determining that PAP have restored their livelihood will be agreed upon with OPIC
prior to completion of the Livelihood Restoration Plan, which will be prepared prior to financial
close.
For further details on the PAP and the overall level of Project impact on each PAP, please see
Chapter 10 of the ESIS Addendum.
Other interested parties (e.g., schools, conservation groups, NGOs)
Will be engaged on a case by case basis.
10.
Resources and Responsibilities

Community Relations Department organizational structure
2008- 2015
Historically, since 2008, the PETN Community Relations Officer, has reported directly to the
Project developers (i.e., SARREOLE). As mentioned in section 8.1, on or before financial
close, Mr. Ndiaye will assume a new role as the Projects Community Relations Advisor and a
new Community Relations Officer and a team of three CR Representatives will be hired, all
from the local communities.
Construction Phase
The PETN Community Relations Officer will report directly to the PETN Project Manager and
will be responsible for overseeing the activities of the PETN Community Relations staff, along
with managing the overall implementation of the PETN Comprehensive Stakeholder
Engagement Plan. In addition, the PETN Community Relations Manager will collaborate with
the Vestas CR Manager on construction-related stakeholder engagement activities. The PETN
Community Relations Manager will also coordinate with the PETN Project Manager and the
Vestas Community Relations Manager in the investigation and resolution of any community
grievances or other issues in regards to construction that involve local communities or external
stakeholders.

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Project Manager
Security Officer
Construction
Manager
Environmental
Compliance Officer
Community Relations
Officer
Figure 3. PETN Construction Phase preliminary organizational chart
Comunity
Relations Officer
Staff
Staff
Staff
Figure 4.Community Relations Department preliminary organizational chart
Operations Phase
During the Operations phases, PETNs Community Relations Officer will report to the Director
of Operations, who in turn will report directly to the Project Manager, as indicated in Figure 5
below. Each of the three Community Relations Representatives will report directly to the
Community Relations Officer.

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Project Manager
Technical Director
Director of
Operations
Financial Director
Security Officer
Construction
Manager
O & M Manager
Bookkeeper
Environmental
Compliance Officer
Bank Compliance
Officer
Community
Relations Officer
Financial Analyst
Figure 5. PETN Operations Phase preliminary organizational chart
Stakeholder Engagement Budget

Historically, since 2008, budgets have been allocated to stakeholder engagement, on an as
needed basis, but increased to cover the engagement of external social consultants in 2012,
2014 and 2015.
For the construction and operations phases, the Project budget will include a set amount for
stakeholder engagement for each year; and as each of the three phases of construction
progress, a set amount for the monitoring of livelihood restoration, and all monitoring, to be
conducted, together, by the Community Relations Officer and the Environmental Compliance
Officer, will begin shortly after cash compensation is paid to the PAPs and they no longer have
access to their land.
A more detailed budget for Stakeholder Engagement activities will be developed as part of the
Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan which is anticipated to be completed on or
before financial close.
11.
External Communications and Community Grievance Mechanism

External Communications
As noted in Section 12.8.1 of the ESMS Plan, the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement
Plan will incorporate MSP-11, Management of Stakeholder Communications for responding to
basic information requests and suggestions from external stakeholders, and for communicating
information about the Project to stakeholders on an ongoing basis. MSP-11 will require
appropriate responses to all stakeholder inquires; responses to more complex information
requests and notifications of specific concerns and grievances as defined by the IFC PSs will be
managed as described in Section 12.9.2 of the ESMS Plan and in section 8.2 below.

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Community Grievance Mechanism

Historically, Project inquiries and complaints were made verbally by villagers directly to the
PETN Community Relations Officer and/or the Project developers, and there was an informal
procedure in place with minimal recordkeeping.
The Community Grievance Mechanism procedure will be formalized and a detailed description,
including roles and responsibilities, a flow chart, and a sample table for recordkeeping, will be
included in the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan and submitted to OPIC prior to
financial close. Grievance procedures will include the following, at a minimum:
The Community Relations team will log and monitor weekly all Grievances received. The
Grievance Registry will include the following details:
The date and manner of receipt of the Grievance;
Name and contact information for the individual or organization that submitted it;
The nature of the Grievance;
An indication of the urgency or seriousness of the Grievance, with levels of significance

of the Grievance (e.g., Level I for inquiries, Level II for complaints of a minor nature, and
Level III for complaints of a significant nature, such as a risk to community health &
safety);
Name of PETN staff to whom the Grievance will be sent for investigation;
Follow-up actions taken to resolve the grievance;
Process for appeal, if the person wasnt satisfied with the initial decision;
Final decision on the Grievance;
Means by which the mutually accepted decision on the resolution of the grievance was
documented;
How and when the relevant project decision was communicated to the complainant; and
Date(s) of any periodic follow-up with the complainant.
The Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will incorporate MSP-01, Grievance

Mechanism, as described in the ESMS Plan, specifically for the review and management of
responses to all complex information requests, concerns, and grievances as defined by the IFC
PSs. General protocols for documenting and managing complaints from stakeholders will be
managed in accordance with the MSP-01, in order to ensure that any stakeholder complaints or
inquiries detected are documented and brought to the attention of management and properly
considered.
Ongoing Reporting to Affected Communities
As many of the management/mitigation plans discussed in Section 12.1.2 of the ESMS Plan will
not be fully implemented until the start of the construction phase, formal reporting to affected
communities on the overall effectiveness of the ESMS in the management and mitigation of the
environmental and social aspects of the Project will occur at the end of the first year of major
construction activities. Reporting requirements, described in section 9.2 below, will be
elaborated in the Projects Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan.

12.
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Monitoring and Reporting

PETN is responsible for managing and implementing measures and periodically reporting to the
authorities and to the Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee, along with lenders,
through periodic progress and monitoring reports. PETN will ensure that the contracting
company and its sub-contractors comply with the environmental and social clauses.
The Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee (ESMC)
This committee will be established under the direction of the Governor, who appoints its
members by order on the recommendation of the Prefect of Tivaouane and the Sub-Prefect of
Mouane. The committee will be responsible for the oversight of management of all the
environmental and social aspects of the Project. The committee will consist of (but shall not be
limited to) the following members:
The local authorities (the Governor, the Prefect, and the Sub-Prefect);
The representatives of the populations concerned;
State technical services and their representatives;
The relevant parties concerned (NGOs, the representative of womens groups, the
representative of young people, the representative of fishermen, and of market gardeners;
and
The representatives of the Ministries of Industry, Water and Forests, Fisheries, the Interior,
etc.
This committee will be supported by PETN and its partners for effective monitoring of the
Projects management plan. The committee will meet periodically in order to assess the experts
reports concerning environmental monitoring, hygiene, safety and the implementation of social
measures applied by the developer under the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR), where applicable. On this basis, the committee will issue recommendations and
directives to be followed.
Reporting to satisfy lenders requirements
During the Construction Phase, Project construction progress reports in English will be
submitted to the lenders periodically (report organization and frequency of reporting to be agreed
upon with the lenders). Construction progress reports will include updates on all stakeholder
engagement, public disclosure of information, land compensation and livelihood restoration
monitoring activities conducted during the period being reported.
During the Operations Phase, annual operations reports in English will be submitted to the
lenders. Operations phase reports will include updates on all stakeholder engagement and
public disclosure of information activities conducted during the period being reported; the
assumption being that all land compensation and livelihood restoration monitoring activities will
have been completed during the Construction Phase.
13.
Management Functions
How will stakeholder engagement activities be integrated into the companys environmental
and social management system and with other core business functions?
Stakeholder engagement procedures will form part of day to day management of the Project.

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Who will have management oversight for the program?

The Project Manager will have the oversight for all project activities, including stakeholder
engagement.
What are the plans for hiring, training, and deploying staff to undertake stakeholder
engagement work?
A Community Relations Officer has been in place since 2008. As mentioned in section 8.1
above, the Project will continue to employ Mr. Ndiaye, but he will move to a new position as
the Community Relations Advisor and will support and assist in training the Community
Relations team; and a new Community Relations Officer, and a staff of 3 people will be hired
to serve as the Community Relations Department; on or before financial close, and they will
all be based at the Projects headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye. The Community Relations team
will assist in distributing information and engaging with local villagers to keep them informed
about the project.
What will be the reporting lines between community liaison staff and senior management?
The Community relations officer will report directly to the project manager.
How will the companys stakeholder engagement strategy be communicated internally?

This will be an agenda item at all construction progress meetings as well as monthly staff
meetings during the operations phase.
What management tools will be used to document, track, and manage the process? (e.g.,
stakeholder database, commitments register)
All communications with stakeholders will be documented using a database and reporting
format to be agreed upon and included in the Comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan.
For projects or company operations involving contractors, how will the interaction between
contractors and local stakeholders be managed to ensure good relations?
The Project Manager and Community Relations Officer will participate in all construction
progress meetings. Any grievances from Stakeholders will be addressed during these
meetings. If necessary, action plans will be discussed, agreed and implemented accordingly.
As part of the contracting process, contractors will be required to adhere to policies and
procedures put in place by PETN, including policies and procedures managing community
relations.

ATTACHMENT
1.STAKEHOLDERS CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - FEBRUARY 2009 PUBLIC
CONSULTATION PROGRAM
Table 2-1 : Key Stakeholders perceptions, concerns, expectations and recommendations: February 24 - 28, 2009
STAKEHOLDERS
Perceptions and concerns
Expectations and recommendations
Technical Services
Water and Forests
The farms that exist in the area constitute a

constraint;
Discuss with local communities before the project begins;

and
The project as issued will not cause significant

impacts on flora; and
Reduce impacts on farms.
The project sites do not have a bird risk because

no significant movement of birds has been
observed in this area.
DREEC
From the environmental point of view, the project

is good for the country;
The project will help alleviate the country's energy
deficit;
The presence of farms will require compensation
of the populations;
The presence or transit of protected migratory
species in the project area should be studied
carefully; and
Ensure that local people benefit from the project;

Identify with operators in the tax base which will be
impacted by the project;
Install signs throughout the landfill band for electrical
cables;
Support the extension of the electricity grid to neighboring
villages; and
Support public lighting and the connection of public
institutions such as schools and health posts.
The risk that the project may represent for local

people must be taken into account.
IRSV (livestock)
The project in itself can pose a risk to livestock in

so far as it constitutes an obstacle to livestock
paths.
However, with the installation of the project, it is
clear that grazing areas will shrink.
Its very important to avoid establishing restrictions for the

farmers;
Integrate pastoral activities in the implementation of the
project; and
Provide water bowls in the peripheral areas of the project.
Local Elected Officials

Local elected officials
Both project sites are located in agricultural areas

deemed to be the richest;
The cultivation of cassava and fruit trees are the
main sources of income of local populations; and
Support community development initiatives;

Contribute to reducing the cost for street lighting;
Primarily recruit local labor;
STAKEHOLDERS
The movement of vehicles during the construction

work will have adverse impacts on crops;
Support basic social sectors, such as education and

health, by improving equipment; and
The project is good for the Municipality because it

has raised awareness of the need for other
developers (Sonatel, SUDATEL, TIGO) to annually
contribute to the rural tax;
Expand information available on the project.
With the rental of the property tax base that will

occupy the 50 wind turbines, the project will have
positive benefits for the Municipality; and
The populations must be made aware of the risks
that can occur from facilities, especially
electromagnetics.
Local Communities
Villagers from Ndomor, Keur
Mal, Minam, Mbayne,
Keur Birama,
Keur Samba Awa, Keur
Mbaye Snoba.
We are supportive of the project all the more

because it will contribute to the development of the
area;
We are ready to invest ourselves fully for the
success of this project;
Priority in the recruitment of the local workforce
must be given to those whose fields are impacted
by the project;
We are concerned that the project will result in the
same frustration and inconvenience caused by
SENELEC when installed in the area;
We are concerned that the damages will not be
considered, as was the case with construction of
the road; and
Compensation for those impacted by the project
must comply with the principles of fairness and
transparency, since farms are our only sources of
income.
Inform people of the starting date and the field

enumeration process impacted by the project;
Give evidence of identified species to all PAPs;
Discuss with the people the compensation methodology to

be applied;
Develop with the local people the construction of a drilling
for agricultural purposes in order to increase production
and compensate for land losses caused by the project;
Primarily recruit local labor; and
Take into account in recruitment that the villages that

surround the project area do not have the same
demographic weight.
STAKEHOLDERS
Villagers from Taba Mbaye
We are concerned that the project has health

impacts on populations;
Establish a commission to identify and monitor

compensation of the populations; and
The compensation must precede any project

activity; and
Consider the demographic weight difference of each

village in the recruitment of local labor.
The land lost due to the project is very important

for us therefore we believe that compensation
must be assessed in the light of this.
Villagers from Same Ndiaye
Villagers from Baty Ndiaye
Villagers from Baty Gueye
Villagers from Keur

Madiagne
We welcome the project and hope that its

implementation can benefit everyone.
We worry about being excluded from the
implementation of the project; and
Involve all populations of neighboring villages; and

Recruit from the local workforce.
All populations to share in the project benefits;
Involve women in the implementation of the project; and
We are concerned that the project will have a

negative impact on people and activities
(agriculture, livestock) exerted on the site.
Put tags and warning signs on the route where the cables
will be buried.
The project as it was presented to us is a good

thing; and
Compensate all people whose fields are affected by the

implementation of the project;
We hope through the project to be connected to

the electricity grid.
Recruit from the local workforce; and
The project will mainly benefit SENELEC; and
Expand and connect the village to the electricity grid;
We are concerned that the project will degrade the

land and flora in this whole area.
Avoid disappointing the people by making unfulfilled

promises; and
Connect the village to the electricity grid of SENELEC
Recruit from the local workforce.
Villagers from Taba Santhie
We welcome the project and congratulate the

initiators; and
Ensure that the project can benefit all populations of

neighboring villages;
We are concerned that the electricity that will be

provided is not sustainable;
To connect the village must be a priority; and

Recruiting young people from the village is not a moot
point.
STAKEHOLDERS
Villagers from Keur Assane
The project is going to contribute to the reduction

of cultivable land; and
Recruit from the local workforce;
We learned that the project will have a negative

impact on water resources, soil and vegetation of
the project area.
Contribute to the development of villages; and

Involve all stakeholders.

ATTACHMENT
2. OCTOBER 16, 2009 TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES
(Unofficial Translation)
Meeting Minutes
Republic of Senegal
(One People - One Goal - One Faith)
MINISTER OF THE ENVIRONMENT

PROTECTION OF NATURE, PONDS OF
RETENTION AND ARTIFICIAL LAKES
.
DIRECTORATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
AND CLASSIFIED ESTABLISHMENTS
Dakar on .October 16, 2009.
MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR PRE-VALIDATION

OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT STUDY FOR THE TAIBA NDIAYE WIND
PARK PROJECT, RURAL COMMUNITIES OF TAIBA NDIAYE, THIES REGION
Introduction
On Friday, October 16, 2009, a meeting of the Technical Review Committee was held at the
Regional Division of Environment and Establishments classified Thies (DREEC / Thies), for a
pre-validation of the interim report of the Environmental and Social Impact Study (ESIS) of the
project to build a wind farm in Taiba Ndiaye, Rural Community Taiba Ndiaye, This.
The project promoter is SARREOLE.
The meeting was chaired by Ibrahima Sonko of the Industry Department in the absence of the
Renewable Energy Division.
The study was conducted by HPR ANKH Consultants, a firm accredited by the Ministry of
Environment, Nature Protection, Retention Basins and Artificial Lakes, for achieving the
Environmental Impact Studies.
Present at the meeting were representatives of:
The Directorate of Environment and Classified Establishments (DEEC);
The Industry Directorate;
The Civil Protection Department;
The Directorate of Water, Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation;
Regional Council Thies;
The Regional Inspectorate of Forestry Thies;

The Division of Weather Thies;
Regional service planning Thies;
The distribution service of SENELEC Thies;
The Directorate of Water and Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation;
Regional Division of Environment and Establishments classified Thies (DREEC / Thies);
The Regional Directorate of Rural Development Thies;
The Rural Council Taiba;
The Promoter; and
The Consultant
Conduct of the meeting

At the start of the meeting, Mr Sangare, Chief DREEC / Thies welcomed committee members
before leaving, and the representative of the Directorate of Environment and Classified
Establishments (DEEC) provided a brief review of the context and the validation procedure of
environmental impact studies.
Subsequently, the floor was given to the Consultant to present an overview of the study. In his
presentation, he returned to the principal axes of the study, namely:
The background and rationale of the project, which involves the production of energy and
especially renewable energy;
The components and operation of the project;
The description of the site to house the project and the methodology of the study;
Analysis of potential environmental and social impacts related to the project activities during
the different phases of the project;
The mitigation measures of the negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts.
Following the Consultants presentation, the floor was given to the members of the Technical
Committee for their comments and recommendations. The points below were discussed:
1. Questions for clarification.
They covered the following points:
-
Partnership with SENELEC;

The availability of wind energy;
The impacts for local people;
The risk of electromagnetism;
The economic value of the loss of agricultural production;
The projects resemblance with another project, which is at the entrance of Mboro;
The degree of involvement of Water and Forestry Department of Tivaouane;
The impact on rainfall;
The possibility of continuing activities by the population after the installation of the
project;
Protection against lightning;
The cost of the kilowatt - hour;

Measures relative to atmospheric discharges;
The materialization of perimeter security and surveillance to counter any occupation;
References for assessing the bird migration;
Assessing the sensitivity;
References costing;
The type of spill that could be found;
The brake system in the event of high winds;
Possible consultation with the group of Tivaoune firefighters;
Energy power project;
The average wind speed for proper operation of a wind turbine;
The existence or absence of a local representative (office) of the project; and
The management of the project monitoring committee.
2. Recommendations
The following recommendations were made by the Technical Committee:
Respect the commitments made to the populations;

Page vi: respond to the questions;
Page viii: to DREEC / Thies and the monitoring committee who will be responsible for
monitoring the Project;
Page 2: SEA to be replaced by EIA;
Page 13: review the map;
Page 17: translate the English phrases;
Page 39: add avifauna to the wildlife topic;
Page 22: add with the support of the technical committee in the 1st paragraph;
Page 23: add as relevant to the project International Environmental Conventions ratified
by Senegal;
Page 59: emphasize the impact of waste oils;
Page 107: inadequate budget allocated to all activities defined in the last sections;
Establish a waste management plan for the duration of the project;
Identify accident prevention arrangements;
Involve the National Park Directorate in monitoring and the relevant structures;
Define the concept of ad hoc;
Set clear wind transport arrangements;
Review the POI and its cost because it is not within 3 Million; and
A protocol is to be signed with SENELEC.
3. Consultants responses:
-
The average wind speed for proper operation of a wind turbine is 40km / h.
The wind turbine will have no impact on the rain.
SARREOLE does not provide electricity to villages, it is provided by SENELEC.
The price per kilowatt is set by the price regulation commission.
Agricultural activities will be disturbed only during the installation phase of the project;
Each turbine will have a security perimeter.
The quantity of waste oil per turbine is on page 57.
Farmers compensation arrangements are on page 101.

A Monthly Monitoring Report will be prepared by SARREOLE.
A budget will be allocated to the monitoring committee.
The price of POI will be increased.
A lightning protection system and surge protection is built into each turbine.
There is no similarity with the Mboro project.
No meeting has been required with the technical services of Tivaoune firefighters.
As for many other issues, technical services will be visited in order to gather more
information which will be incorporated in the corrected report.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the Consultant was asked to incorporate the relevant comments into the
document. The corrected report must be filed with five (05) copies to DEEC which will check,
in connection with the President, if all comments have been taken into account for the prevalidation of the report.
The public hearing session will be scheduled.
On this decision, the President thanked the participants and closed the meeting.

ATTACHMENT
3. MARCH 3, 2010 PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES
Meeting Minutes
Republic of Senegal
(One People - One Goal - One Faith)
--------------
MINISTER OF THE ENVIRONMENT

PROTECTION OF NATURE, PONDS
OF RETENTION AND ARTIFICIAL LAKES
--------------
DIRECTORATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

AND CLASSIFIED ESTABLISHMENTS
Dakar on .March 3, 2010.
REPORT OF THE PUBLIC HEARING UNDER THE PROCESS TO VALIDATE THE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY REPORT OF A PROJECT TO ESTABLISH A
WIND FARM AT TAIBA NDIAYE BY THE SARREOLE GROUP
INTRODUCTION
In the process of validating the environmental impact study report on the project to establish
a wind farm at Taiba Ndiaye by the SARREOLE Group, a public hearing session was held on
Wednesday, March 3, 2010, in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, and it was chaired by the
President of the Municipality, Mr. Al LO.
The objective of the public hearings, as required by the ministerial order for public
participation in environmental impact study processes, is to explain the project to the
populations and other local stakeholders in order to obtain their views and concerns and to
take them into consideration, to the extent possible, in the study.
Present at the meeting were the following:
Representatives of the national technical committee to validate environmental impact

studies:
o Directorate of the Environment and Classified Establishments (DEEC);
o Directorate of Water, Forests, Hunting and Soil Conservation (DEFCCS);
o Directorate of Labour and Social Security;
o Directorate of Civil Protection; and
o Regional Division of Environment and Classified Establishments at Thies.
The Project Sponsor;

The Consultant; and
Local Communities.
MEETING AGENDA
At the start of the meeting, Mr. Ale LO, President of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, on
behalf of the people, welcomed the delegation before announcing the objective of the
session. He then welcomed the presence of such a large audience and thanked the people
for the strong mobilization.
After the words of welcome and presentation of technical committee members, the floor was
given to Mr Mamadou Sanghar, from the Regional Division of Environment and Classified
Establishments of Thies, who recalled the spirit of the public hearing and clarified the earlier
stages of the validation process of the Environmental Assessment of this project, and stated
that this new approach in the design of projects is within the provisions of the Code of the
Environment of 2001 and that the objective of public hearings is to present a synthesis of the
environmental impact study report to the people and receive from local stakeholders their
opinions, comments and recommendations.
After this summary, Mr. Al Assane Sene, of HPR ANKH Consultants, the consultant who
conducted the study, presented the project, which was the subject of the public hearing. He
informed the people of:
The public consultation process;

The initial state of the site;
A description of how a wind farm operates; and
The project's impacts on the biophysical and socio-economic environments, namely:
o
o
o
o
soil pollution risks;

noise pollution (noise);
the risk of accidents;
the jobs to be generated, etc.
Following Mr. Assane Sene, the representative of the Project Sponsor, reassured the
population of compliance with all terms and recommendations of the study, in addition, he
said that the accompanying measures are provided on the social plan, including a
contribution to all levels of community life in the Municipality.
Following the Consultant and Project Sponsor, the floor was given to the public who:
Made a number of observations and comments;

Asked some questions for clarification; and then
Gave a clear position on the project.
1. The Publics Observations and Comments:
The project will change the original environment of the site because of its posts to
great heights;
The project will encroach on the agricultural fields;
The park is a source of savings for the village but it must respect the commitments
made in the Environmental Management Plan;
Installation of the wind farm will contribute to local development;
Protective barriers to be put in place to prevent accidents related to the presence of

people; and
The project should focus on local youth, especially for unskilled jobs; and if possible
send them to Europe for training.
2. Questions for clarification
What is the exact area of the site?
What is the percentage in terms of budget that will benefit the local community from
this project?
What is the compensation scheme for the fields that will be impacted by the project?
Can the local community have a slideshow to better understand the facilities and
mode of operation?
What is the destiny of waste oil?
What is the perimeter of the safety device?
Will safety be assured on the seven (07) ha or will it be only at the poles?
3. Recommendations
Favor transparency in the management of the park;
Establish drilling support measures; and
Electrify in the project framework the drilling of the commune.

4. Position relative to the project
The project is acceptable, it is important because it is a renewable energy; and
Its degree of impact is not high, therefore, it is acceptable.
RESPONSES
The Consultant:
The obligations are related to the implementation of the compensation and monitoring
measures. The accompanying measures (health, agricultural activities, etc.) are not
mandatory, it's just the recommendations in the sense of good neighborliness between
the Project Sponsor and the populations;
For unskilled jobs, the privilege will go to the inhabitants of the area; for skilled
workers, recruitment is done by call offers to the most deserving because the project
sponsor must protect its investment as the project will not have need of a high
effective;
The project will be best described to the populations with some clear images;
For encroached fields, there is a scale fixed by the State, but the price is low. Also,
the local community will have to negotiate with the project sponsor to improve but at a
price that does not impact the project sponsor;
For other impacts, they will be monitored and it is for the population that incurs to
report to the local authorities which in turn will involve the environmental services;
The project will contribute to the local community a sum of 50 million per year;
Page 80 has all the details on villages directly affected and the distance between the
site and the closest village;
For the electrification of drilling, the municipality will need to negotiate with the project
sponsor to see how it could help them in this direction, but this is not an obligation;
The radius of each wind turbine is 150m3
Security is provided around each wind turbine and not for the entire seven (07)
hectares, so that people do not climb on the poles; and
Development of a POI during operation is being considered
The Project Sponsor:

He reconfirmed the following points:
The priority is to first protect the populations;
All the recommendations of the study will be applied; and
Accompanying measures will be implemented even if they are not required.

The DREEC reconfirmed the followjng aspects:
The public hearing is an opportunity for the public to review the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP), for taking into account all their concerns, and to get
involved in follow-up as a stakeholder. The monitoring plan and environmental
monitoring will be implemented by the DEEC in connection with the relevant services,
in addition to the local community.
The Project Sponsor is responsible for the implementation of the EMP and DEEC has
a monitoring role and in case of non compliance with the commitments made by the
Project Sponsor, the DEEC has the freedom to withdraw its certificate of compliance
with consequent cessation of activity.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, they came back to the consultant, to continue the procedure to integrate the
concerns of the local communities in the final report to be submitted in three (03) paper
copies and a digital version on CD ROM, to the Directorate of Environment and Classified
Establishments. Submission of this final document will enable to be prepared the notice of
decision of the Minister of the Environment, concerning the issuance of an environmental
compliance certificate for the project.
The meeting was closed following giving thanks to the meeting participants (local
communities, the Technical Committee, and local authorities), after the Imam had formulated
prayers.

ATTACHMENT
4. MINUTES OF THE SEPTEMBER 22, 2010 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND CDM
MEETING
Meeting Minutes
Public Consultation and CDM Meeting
for the Parc Eolien Taiba Ndiaye Project
September 22, 2010 Taiba Ndiaye
On September 22, 2010 beginning at 11h20 at the Offices of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye,
the informational and sensitivity meeting between the partners of Sarreole and the Municipality of
Taiba Ndiaye began by announcing the following agenda:
Election of the president of meeting;

Presentation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project and the Kyoto Protocol;
Discussion and questions;
Summary by the President; and
Expression of thanks.
Opening the meeting was Mr. Mory Mohamed Niang, 2 n d Vice President of the Rural Advisory
Board of Taiba Ndiaye who began with thanking the local community for having come to the
meeting and wishing a warm welcome to the partners of Sarreole and thanking them for
having selected the community of Taiba Ndiaye to locate their project.
With this he announced the first point which was that the partners had indicated a wish to make M.
Kene Diop, President of the Local Environmental Commission, to be the president of the meeting.
The choice, he said, however, must be put to a vote by the community. This proposition was
approved by a proclamation of the community and M. Kene Diop took over the discussion and
began by affirming the importance of the project which, outside of generating electricity, will
bring FCFA 50 million each year to the community and create employment and training
opportunities.
This will be done without creating work tranches in the fields but more important is that everything
will be done in concert with the community and nothing will get in the way of the success and
durability of the project. Taking this into consideration, the Rural Advisory Board indicated
its wish to work with the people and committed its solemn support in any way to help bring
this project of capital importance to fruition.
According to Eric McCartney, commercial and financial consultant to Sarreole, the project has the
intention to respond to the needs of the community and he is personally committed to the
development of the project. He then went on to express his satisfaction with the number of
members who turned out for the meeting and the warm welcome expressed to the developers.
In the same spirit, he confirmed the importance of the project to the protection of the
environment. He also noted that it was the first project of its kind in West Africa which itself will
have a positive economic impact on the community.
The floor was then given to Mrs. Ritu Kuma, Senior Carbon Specialist with ESBI Carbon
Solution who explained that the greenhouse effect is impacting the flora and fauna of the
planet, is increasing the incidence of disease and sickness, global warming, changing growing
seasons, etc.
In order to combat the greenhouse effect, certain government agencies have been formed by the
United Nations and protocols have been put into place such to reduce the impact of CO2 on the
environment. One of these protocols is the Kyoto Protocol which divides the world into two parts,
those which pollute and those which do not pollute and is meant to result in the development of
projects to reduce the greenhouse effect. Senegal is classified amongst the countries which are
capable of producing carbon credits and selling them in support of sustainable development.
Mrs. Kuma went on to explain that the Taiba wind project had begun the process to be registered
with the United Nations as one which will produce carbon credits. She then went into some
detail concerning the registration and monitoring process of projects.
She explained that the project will consist of 50 wind turbines on two sites; site 1: 20 turbines
(50 MW) and site 2: 30 turbines (75 MW). The project is estimated to produce 280 Gwh of
electricity annually representing 11% of the annual production of electricity by Senelec in 2009.
The electricity generated by the project will be sold to Senelec. Wind turbines produce energy
without the use of fossil fuels with a technology that is proven and safe. Unlike generating
facilities which use fossil fuels, wind turbines do not emit CO2 and therefore do not contribute to
the greenhouse effect.
The final environment permit for the project has been issued.
For that which concerns the developers of the project, they have a long experience of
developing wind projects in France.
It is noted that the project alone will not meet the growing energy demand but will
nonetheless have a positive social and economic impact on the region and in general a positive
impact on the country because it will produce clean energy.
The floor was then given to the community for comments and opinions, and the community officials
and members below provided comments and opinions:
The Assistant Prefet, Mr. Meouane indicated his appreciation of the project and the
benefits which it shall bring to the community. For him, the benefits of this project will go
well beyond the borders of the community of Taiba Ndiaye.
Mr. Moussa Laye Mbengue, after thanking the present parties, indicated that he is
pleased that the project is coming to pass during his time and his vital and ardent wish is
to see it built without forgetting the farmers who have allowed this project to happen on
their land. He went on to indicate his dissatisfaction with Senelec and hopes that
acceptance of an energy project in this community will contribute to the reduction of
energy prices and current black outs.
Mr. Masamba Kharma asked that an independent study be made to address the difficulties
associated with the blackouts and the increase in the cost of production.
Moustafha Lo stated that he has come to appreciate these things because one of his
friends is an expert in this field. He too also thanked everyone and added that there
could be no project more important than this one.
Mr. Mafall Mbour thanked the partners, the Assistant Prefet and Al Lo, President of the
Municipal Council of Taiba Ndiaye for their implication in the project.
Mr. Abdou Lahat Ndiaye espressed his concern with regard to wind turbines which would
shadow the fields and the effect that this might cause.
Responding to this question, Mr. Tabashi Niasse, a n expert in social communication, reassured
the population of these impacts and zones of shadows. According to him, these public meetings
help a lot to clarify and understand these issues. But, according to Mr. Niasse, the issue had been
addressed in the environmental management plan. In any event, the objective has always been
to build this project without causing damage.
Additional comments from the community included:
M. Malick Biagne was delighted with the make-up and intellectual level of the Rural
Advisory Board which permits us to take the project at face value and counts on them
during the implementation at this same level. He also asked if it might be possible to put
in place a mixed commission outside of politics in order to perfect the system to the
extent the situation permits.
Mr. Ndiaye, Chief CER/Meouane, came back to the importance of renewable energy and
the possibility of producing wind energy for Senelec and at the same time for the benefit
of the Municipality which increases exponentially with little affect on the land.
The Assistant Prefet reassured the population that his office has taken the responsibility to ensure
that the project is built and operated in accordance with the law. With regard to the masts installed
on the land, readings will be taken and the appropriate measures will be applied.
Mr. Mory Mohamed Niang thanked the community, the Assistant Prefet and did not discount
the local expertise. According to him, the Rural Advisory Board was conscious of its responsibility
but it is necessary that everyone take ownership of the project. That said, it is important to measure
the concerns of all so that no one is harmed.
70 men and women from the local communities attended the meeting.
The meeting was adjourned at 14h30. Signed:
President of the Meeting
Secretary of the Meeting
Second Vice President of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye

ATTACHMENT
5. SEPT. 23, 2010 MEETING ADVERTISEMENT

ATTACHMENT
6. SEPT. 23, 2010 MEETING PHOTOS
TAIBA NDIAYE CDM Public

consulta8on September 22, 2010.






ATTACHMENT
7. LIST OF MEETING ATTENDEES FOR THE ESIS 2009/2010
HPR ANKH Consultants
Parc Eolien Taiba NDiaye (extract)

ESIS 2009/2010
List of meeting attendees for the ESIS 2009/2010
List of participants in the environmental and social impact study process
Villages of : Ndomor, Keur Mall, Minam, Mbayne, Keur Birama, Keur Samba
Awa, Keur Mbaye Snoba
First Name
Mamadou Lamine
Cheikh
Elhadji Ibra
Gora
Talla Mbaye
Bassirou
Mor Talla
Mapath
Daouda
Cheikh
Alassane
Mor Marme
Ibrahima
Babacar
Bacar
Ngouda
Mor
Mbaye Sy
Massyla
Ousseynou
Moussa
Bassirou
Ndiaye Samba
Mballo
Magor
Djibril
Djiby
Ousseynou
Khady Tine
Sur Name
Diop
Ndiaye
Diop
Mbaye
Mbaye
Mbaye
Diop
Mbaye
Diop
Niang
Sonko
Diop
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Mbaye
Ndao
Ndao
Diop
Ndao
Diop
Ndao
Mbaye
Thiam
Niang
Diop
Mbaye
Mbaye
Fall
Tine
Adji
Wade
Activity / function
Village Chief - Ndomor
Village Chief - Keur Mall
Village Chief - Minam
Village Chief - Mbayene
Mbayne
Village Chief - Keur Birama
Farmer - Keur Samba Awa
Merchant - Keur Mbaye
Merchant - Mbayne 3
Painter Mbayne
Farmer- Keur Mbaye Snoba
Farmer- Minam
Driver - Keur Mall
Driver - Keur Mall
Farmer- Mbayne
Driver - Keur Mbaye snoba
Advisor- Mbaye snoba
Student - Minam
Advisor- Mbayne
Driver- Minam
Farmer- Keur Mbaye Snoba
Carpenter - Keur Birama
Welder- Keur Mall
Merchant- Mbayne
Farmer- Minam
Driver- Keur Mbaye Kheury
Merchant- Keur Mame Mbaye
Farmer- Keur Mambaye
Housewife: Group for the
Advancement of Women (GPF)
Mbayne
Housewife Mbayne
Tel
776314850
776305890
775782359
764924471
773132381
766928034
764672368
773504114
765803192
766999832
773761071
773774727
701028016
776560589
764689405
763982678
766987169
775124034
767330350
763132381
766669807
766865658
775659403
766930497
762864227
Village of Taba Mbaye

First Name
Abdou
Yamar
Messa
Touba
Mor
Mansour
Nogaye
Abdou
Cheikh
Madick
Madiagne
Mathioune
Bassirou
Mbaye
Ndiaye
Ibrahima
Bara
Serigne
Modou Khabane
Mor
Bara
Mankou
Malick
Cheikh Mbaye
Sur Name
Guye
Sarr
Sarr
Tour
Sarr
L
Mbaye
Souar
Souar
Souar
Sarr
Ndoye
Diop
Diop
Thiam
Guye
Diop
Tour
Lye
Mboup
Ka
Guye
Guye
Souar
Activity/function Tel
ICS Agent
776120726
Farmer
775761049
777270693
763355096
776954523
763456506
705000095
777005172
766669887
767479188
772753307
775709020
774305643
775985636
Village of Same Ndiaye

First Name
Elhadji Bathie
Cheikh
Ibra
Madiambon
Alassane
Thierno
Sur Name
Ndaiaye
Diongue
Diop
Sarr
Sarr
Sonko
Activity/function
Village Chief
Driver
Farmer
Farmer
Carpenter
Teacher
Tel
762944955
774415850
774432249
762987149
765817117
Local Elected Officials of TABA NDIAYE

First Name
Samba
Sur Name
Sarr
Elhadji Modou
Mbaye
Assane
Ndiaye
Guye
Ndiaye
Function
Vice President of the
Municipality
Field Committee Member
Committee Member
Finance Commission
Member
Tel
774404500/
774500030
772145321
765989013
776391096
VILLAGE of KEUR ASSANE

First Name
Balla
Songo
Abdoulaye
Ibou
Matar
Chiekh
Mansour
Abdou
Mamour
Mamour
Pape
Mbaye
Moussa
Songo
Sur Name
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Diongue
Diongue
Diongue
Ndiaye
Diongue
Ndiaye
Ndiaye 2
Sarr
Diongue
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Activity / function
Farmer
Farmer
Merchant
Apprentice
Apprentice
Tailor
Driver
Student
Village Chief
Farmer
Merchant
Tailor
Apprentice
Student
Tel
76478837
766660444
VILLAGE of KEUR MADIAGNE

First Name
Songo
Ali
Iba
Modou
Malick
Maguye
Birane
Ndiaw
Sala
Pape
Ali
Birane
Sur Name
Ndiaye
Wade
Ndiaye
Gaye
Wade
Wade
Ndiaye
Kane
Mbaye
Ndiaye
Pigue
Wade
Samba
Gora
Salla
Khabane
Ndiaye
Mbaye
Mbow
Ndiaye
Activity / function
Village Chief
Notable person
Notable person
Farmer
Merchant
Merchant
Farmer
Pdt Sports and Cultural

Association (ASC)
GPF
Tel
775685306
Village of Taba Santhie

First Name
Mbaye
Daouda
Oumar
Abdou G
Mor
Massamba
Malal
Matar Sop
Sur Name
Ndiaye
Fall
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Diop
Sow
Ndiaye
Activity / function
Teacher
Farmer
Farmer
Fishmonger
Driver
Farmer
Driver
Village Chief
Tel
772798187
768736109
773053573
Village of Baty Guye

First Name
Mbaye
Thierno
Iba
Nalla
Mbaye
Yoro
Oumy
Khabane
Sur Name
Fall
Guye
Guye
Guye
Guye
Gueye
Mback Guye
Guye
Activity / function
Imam
Farmer
Pdt ASC
Village Chief
Notable person
Farmer
GPF
Farmer
Tel
764738853
766767216
765873303
774285146
765989013
763362531
767443495
Village of Baty Ndiaye

First Name
Aliou
Lamine
Ndiaye
Daouda
Mbaye
Birane
Modou
Aliou
Oumar
Diaga
Omar
Asse
Mohamadou
Mar
Talla
Massamba
Sangu
Massamba
Fatou
Anta
Sur Name
Ndaiye
Mbaye
Thiam
Diop
Guye
Guye
L
Fall
Diop
Badiane
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Guye
Guye
Guye
Ndiaye
Dione
Ndiaye
Ngom
Activity / function
Farmer
Driver
Farmer
Farmer
**
**
**
Driver
Mason
Mason
Farmer
Caretaker
**
**
Caretaker
Farmer
**
Mason
Farmer
GPF
Tel
761324438
773020998
764935740
772017760
773581504
773998809
764776353
763990455
765106716
768400678
Nogoye
Khoudia
Nogoye
Madiaye
Anta
Amar
Souar
Samb
Diop
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
Ndiaye
GPF
GPF
GPF
768872962
766981778
Village Chief
765968916
The Technical Services

First Name
Baba
Mamadou
DR.
Sur Name
Weyni
Sanghar
Ndoye
Function
IREF
DREEC
Regional
Inspectorate of
Veterinary
Services (IRSV)
Tel
339511012
766481400
339511091
List of experts who conducted the ESIS
Name
Structure/Function
Al Assane Sene
Coordinator, Geographer - Environmentalist
Mamadou Diedhiou
Sociologist Environmentalist
Insa Fall
Geologist-biologist Environmentalist
Oumar Fall
Hygienist Environmentalist
Idrissa Guiro
Cartographer geographer
Mouhamed THIOYE
Electromechanical engineer - expert

process engineer

ATTACHMENT
8. ESIS 2009/2010 APPROVAL WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION
UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION
Republic of Senegal
Minister of the Environment and
the Protection of Natural Basins and
Artificial Lakes
Office of the Environment and
Historic Buidlings
Certification
The Technical Committee met on October 16, 2009 at the Office of the Environment
and Historic Buildings, to examine the Environmental Impact Report concerning the
construction and operation of the Parc Eolien Taiba NDiaye, in the region of Thies.
Following this meeting and the integration of the observations by the Technical
Committee, the Environmental Report was pre-validated. A public hearing
subsequently took place on March 3, 2010 at the community house of Taiba NDiaye,
and the issues and observations of this meeting have been taken into account in the
final Environmental Report.
In accordance with this procedure, I certify that the construction plan of the Parc Eolien
Taiba NDiaye conforms to the Environmental Code relative to the Environmental Impact
Study.
The present certification is delivered to Sarreole Sarl, sponsor of the subject project to
service and validate their rights, while waiting for the ministerial decree concerning the
certificate of environmental conformity for the project.
In any event, the commencement of the construction of the project, which shall continue
to be subject to the obtaining of all other required administrative authorizations, shall be
advised by the Sponsor to the Office of the Environment and Historic Buildings, who will
take responsibility that the arrangements anticipated by the Environmental and Social
Management plan for the project are applied.
The non respect of the Environmental Management Plan contained in the
Environmental Impact study will result in the retraction of the Environmental Conformity
Certfiicate.
Orginal Signed by
Ndiaye Cheikh SYLLA

ATTACHMENT
9. SUMMARY OF TOPICS DISCUSSED AT THE FEBRUARY 2015 CONSULTATION
MEETINGS
Attachment 2
Summary of Topics Discussed During The Public Consultations - February 16th to 18th, 2015
Topic
Comment
1-Project acceptability
General acceptability for the majority of local communities and PAP.

Qualified acceptability for a few highly-impacted PAP who understand
that these lands belong to the State and that the Project is of public
interest that will benefit the entire country.
2-Concerns about the

hazards attributable to
the Wind Farm
Consultant or Project Developer Response

Very special attention will be paid to the compensation for PAP to offset the
partial loss of means of subsistence.
We note that the Project has agreed to pay double that recommended by the
government compensation committee.
The people involved are looking for fair and equitable compensation that
will allow them to regain their means of subsistence. They also suggest
that the Project developer operates a bold CSR policy that will have a
positive impact on the socio-economic development of the area.
The social request raised will be brought to the attention of the Project
Developer who will advise on the policy to participate in the socio-economic
development of the municipality
The primary concerns of the local communities are expressed below:
The Project will not impact either the flowering or yield of mangos.
Possible negative impact on the flowering of mangos and crop yields;
The likelihood of machine breakages are within the acceptable limits and
measures to prevent or minimize them will be taken during the design,
construction and operating phases.
Risks of wind turbines falling;

Breaking components (blades, nacelle, etc.);
Widening of roads from 6 m to 12 m; and
Negative impacts with regard to the end of the useful life of the wind farm.
According to the Project developer, the roads have been widened from 6 to 12
m to have sufficient room for maintenance, 3 m either side of the road (6 m
wide) and to take account of wide loads, with dimensions that could
exceptionally cause some damage if this additional area was not included.
At the end of its useful life, the plant will either be dismantled or refurbished as
is practical at the time. The manufacturer, Vestas, is totally familiar with this
process and an impact study will be conducted for this phase if dismantling is
the chosen option.
3-Mistrust of the
commitments made by
the developers
sponsoring the project.
A few stakeholders expressed concern over the failure of companies

currently in the area (MDL, ICS, Tobne Power) to meet their
commitments.
The villagers would like PETN to respect its commitments through a
convention or agreement protocol signed by the different stakeholders.
The Project developer has confirmed that the Municipality will benefit from the
patente tax as the Project headquarters will be set up in Taiba Ndiaye.
In addition, the Project developer will commit by signing one or more
conventions or agreement protocols that will commit the Project developer
Questioning of PETN about recruitment, CSR policy set out by the

developer, Patente tax, etc.
4-Loss of lands,
compensation of PAP
Concerns expressed and attributable to the loss of means of subsistence:

the destruction of mango fields;
The Project developer said that he has been made aware of the compensation
scales and especially the possible loss of means of subsistence for some PAP.
Attachment 2
Topic
Comment
the loss of cultivation lands;
the low compensation rates applied do not allow people to regain their
means of subsistence.
Compensation wishes from the villagers expressed during the various
meetings:

The Project in fact is paying twice the compensation rate recommended by the
Compensation Commission.
The commission is currently at work and the relevant points will be taken into
account.
fair compensation that will give them back the means of subsistence in
the very short term;
granting of a periodic annuity to compensate for loss of income;
Publicizing compensation rates;
a more accurate assessment of compensation payments taking account
of lost cultivation lands;
Publicizing the list of PAP;
Paying PAP before any work takes place and publicizing the construction
schedule to avoid PAPs being evicted unexpectedly; and
Agreement protocol between the stakeholders confirming the Project
developer's promises.
5-Jobs
Recruitment of young people and women from the area is a priority.

Project developer to offer occupational training.
The Project developer will respect the request concerning the priority
recruitment of local people, with equal skill.
Early training of young people

6-Communication
between Project
developer and PAP
Insufficient communication and suggestions were made for a more

efficient communication plan
The Project developer is currently setting up a stringent communication plan,

including the publication of a free newsletter.
7-Work in the fields to

prepare crops in 2015
Uncertainties over the works schedule despite the upcoming rainfall

crops that have to be prepared.
The construction timetables will be made available to everybody as soon as

possible and will be restated in the monthly newsletter published by PETN.
Imminent start to preparing the earth in March for commercial crops.
The construction works will take place by tranche. Not all the land will therefore
be involved at the same time.
No construction schedule.
Attachment 2
Topic
Comment
8-Patente in Taiba
Ndiaye
Approval and incentive of PETN's headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye

Use of benefits from the patente tax to develop the community, with no
discrimination.

According to the Project developer, PETN's headquarters will be established
in Taiba Ndiaye. As a result, 2.5 million euros will be paid to the Tax Office, of
which CFA francs 800 million/year approximately will be reallocated to the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
A percentage of the patente tax will be transferred to the Municipality. The
patente tax is entirely at the discretion of the municipality but a formal budget
must be presented to and approved by the regional government for funds to
be released to the municipality.
9-Right of access to
roads
Concern: lack of access to the land during construction and operation

The villagers ask for free access to the Project's roads.
interconnection between the Project's access roads and existing tracks
whenever possible
10-Developer's CSR
policy
A very considerable involvement by the Project in the actions intended to

improve the living environment and reduce poverty was expressed
strongly during the meetings.
The following points were reiterated in almost all the meetings.
High demand for new wells for planting off-season crops and human
supplies
Refurbishment of both French and Koranic schools and the supply of
educational equipment if possible
Refurbishment of health structures, with assistance, to dispense
medicines and pay the nurse who is frequently a volunteer
Assistance to NGOs and womens groups
Participation in developing micro-credit with a credit line for women
Helping to make available a processing unit for local produce (mangos,
vegetables, etc.)
Constructing community markets to help women.
Purchasing a vehicle to transport crops to market.
The local communities will have a right of total access to the Project's tracks
and access roads during the operating and construction phases, provided they
comply with any safety measures in place
The request for interconnection between the tracks and the Project's access
roads has been submitted to the developer.
The Project developer will be advised of your CSR expectations.
Attachment 2
Topic
Comment
Support through micro-credit and women's associations springing up

around miscellaneous projects
Bringing electricity to the few villages without it
Electricity subsidy (for boreholes, school, etc.)
Subsidy for the electricity consumed by the boreholes/and for the
populations who find electricity too expensive
11-Work of the
commission
Confusion over the existence of two commissions

Problem with the intrusion by the commission or consultants without
consent of the owners, resulting in damage inside fields.
The Project developer has clarified that there is only one commission. Perhaps
some owners have confusedly thought that Labasol (in charge of topographical
readings) was a second commission.
Owners of fields will henceforth be advised in sufficient time if the commission
has to enter their fields.

ATTACHMENT
10. SUMMARY OF TOPICS DISCUSSED AT THE JUNE 2015 CONSULTATION MEETINGS
Attachment 3
Summary of Topics Discussed During The Public Consultation - June 18, 2015
Topics Discussed
Project acceptability: the speakers
general acceptability for the Project.
Action By The Developer

expressed
Lands
The people affected agreed to the compensation
method, but asked that this compensation be
substantial, fair and equitable
Clarifications about the payment were also requested
Expectation of women
The female population evoked the need for covered
markets especially before winter sets in.
Women also wished for financing (micro credit) to be
available for their trading activities.
Infrastructures
Speakers evoked the dilapidated condition of
community infrastructures and their need for
refurbishment and equipment. The health and school
structures are especially very much affected.
Jobs
The villagers present (young people, women, village
elders) urged equal opportunities (no discrimination)
in jobs during construction. - They want to take
advantage of these job opportunities during
construction. The chairman of the parent-teacher
association suggested training young people so that
they could benefit from job opportunities set at the
moment of operation.
Patentes
Huge expectation of the local communities with
respect to the amount announced (about 1 billion
CFA francs) to develop the socio-economic aspects
and community infrastructures.
Electrification
The villagers sought electrification of villages
currently without electricity.
The commission has completed its work and all the

amounts have been calculated. The Project
developer agreed to compensate the PAP on the
basis ABOVE the scale defined by the departmental
maintenance expenditure financial assessment
commission + additional compensation to keep its
promises to the PAP.
The Project developer indicated that the crops could
be sown apart from cassava as the maturation time
was too long (at least ten months).
No payments had yet been made. Payment would
be made promptly on the first drawing after the
financial closure.
Headquarters: the Project developer confirmed the
transfer of the headquarters to Taiba Ndiaye.
Regarding the patente, the Project developer
announced that 2.5M would be paid to the Tax
Office every year and part of this amount, set by the
administration in joint agreement with the
municipality, would be paid to the municipality. This
part could be 1 billion CFA francs a year for twenty
years. These resources would be at the disposal of
the municipality and the Project would unfortunately
not have any influence on how such funds would be
distributed or used.
In addition, the Project developer suggested a
convention with the municipality whereby it would
subsidize rural electrification projects under its social
responsibility from renewable energy facilities and
micro enterprises would make 1 million francs per
year and per turbine available to the municipality,
representing 46 million per year for twenty years
used for development actions or for the numerous
requests of the local communities.
The Project developer would take into account
wherever possible the requests of local communities
in complying with applicable laws and regulations
and taking account of existing skills in the area.
However, very few qualified jobs would in all
probability be available given the level of experience
required by the Project.
The Project developer intended to participate in
electrification activities in ways yet to be defined.

ATTACHMENT
11. JULY 2015 MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
Parc Eolien Taiba NDiaye Info

Sngal Emergent
7
Le projet en chires
151,8 MW
46 oliennes Vestas V126
126 m diamtre du rotor
117 m de hauteur la
nacelle
185,000,000,000 F CFA
dinvesHssements
Photomontage : oliennes de la ligne E31 E38 depuis lemplacement de E37
ConstrucHon en 3 phases
successives
Et 2015 Dans ce numro 7 : travaux raliss pour le

nancement du projet au cours des mois de juillet et aot

03
juillet 2015 dbut
Septembre 2015
T r a v a u x d e r e c e n s e m e n t d u
cadastre rural sur la la zone
demprise du projet. Ces travaux
taient prvus pour durer tout lt.
Objec<f : valuer les impacts
conomiques du projet sur les
Personnes Aectes par le Projet
(PAP). Mise en place dou<ls
dinforma<on des<na<on des
p o p u l a < o n s ( u n p a n n e a u
dinforma<on est install dans
chacun des 37 villages).
20 au 23 juillet 2015
Mission Paris : alors quune par<e
de lquipe du projet rencontre
lquipe de ngocia<ons de Vestas
pour discuter les points majeurs du
contrat EPC, une dlga<on de
Senelec et du MEDER poursuit les
travaux concernant le Contrat
dAchat d Energie (le PPA ) avec
les reprsentants de OPIC dans les
bureaux de Cliord Chance Paris.

P R O G R E S S E R
27 au 29 juillet 2015
Invite par lquipe du projet, une
dlga<on anglaise sest rendue
D a k a r p o u r v a l u e r d e s
inves<ssements prospec<fs au
Sngal. A ceè occasion, lquipe
avait sollicit ou organis :
Echanges techniques en prsence

dune quipe de Alstom Grid et
Sargent & Lundy : valida<on des
hypothses dvolu<on et de
renforcement du rseau 2015 -
2 0 1 9 , s t r a t g i e d e r s e r v e
tournante
U n e a u d i e n c e a u p r s d u R u n i o n a u B O S ( B u r e a u
Opra<onnel de Suivi du Plan
Directeur Gnral de Senelec.
Sngal Emergent).
U n e a u d i e n c e a u p r s d u
Ministre de lEnergie et du Rencontre des sous traitants dans le

Dveloppement des Energies
cadre des travaux rela<fs aux
Renouvelables.
tudes environnementales et
sociales.
Une encontre avec le Direc<on
de lEnvironnement et des
Etablissement Classs (DEEC) 25 et 26 aot 2015
Une visite du site de Taiba
Ndiaye avec rencontre des
par<es prenantes (maire de
Taiba Ndiaye, adjoints et
conseillers communaux, visite
des villages de Taiba Ndiaye).
17 19 aot 2015
Runion technique Dakar:

Poursuite des discussions avec
Senelec au sujet du PPA.
Rencontre OPIC Senelec dans le cadre

du PPA. La grande majorit des points
restant est agre, une ul<me
rencontre au dbut de lautomne
devrait perme`re la conclusion de ces
discussions.
Visite du site
27 juillet 2015
+400,000,000 kWh / an
Runion de concerta<on avec les PAP

(ralisa<on du cadastre rural photo Labosol)
Panneaux dachage
R E S P O N S A B I L I T S O C I A L E

Et 2015
Lors de la visite en juin des
bailleurs de fonds, il a t soulign
limportance de dvelopper des
ou<ls permeànt dvaluer les
impacts conomiques du projet
sur les Personnes Aectes par le
Projet (PAP) ; le trac des futures
pistes daccs, les aires techniques
ncessaires la construc<on et les
z o n e s d i m p l a n t a < o n d e s
oliennes ncessiteront un
a b a n d o n d e s t e r r e s
correspondantes par les PAP.
R e c e n s e r l e s m o y e n s d e
subsistance et valuer la perte de
revenus des PAP dans le cadre du
Projet an de les compenser
justement est une ncessit.
La premire chose est de disposer
dune base de donnes able.
En consquence, un important travail a Des panneaux pour

t demand Labosol : recenser informer. Dans chacun des
toutes les parcelles et toutes les
cultures des PAP. Mais au pralable, villages de Taiba Ndiaye
informer et se concerter avec les I n f o r m e r l e s p o p u l a < o n s
par<es prenantes.
r g u l i r e m e n t a u m o y e n d e
Le cadastre rural intgrera les parcelles panneaux dinforma<on.
directement impactes par le Projet
(prs de 450, ainsi que cela avait t
recens lors des travaux de la
Commission de recensement et
dvalua<on nancire des impenses)
et toutes les parcelles NON impactes
par le Projet.
37 panneaux ont t raliss pour le

compte du Projet par lentreprise
T h i a m F r r e s d e D a k a r .
Limplanta<on des panneaux a t
sollicite par le projet et accorde
par la commune. Une taxe de
publicit sera verse sur le compte
Lensemble reprsente environ 1200 de la commune auprs du trsor
parcelles. Tout est recens, go public.
rfrenc et mesur.
Finaliser et conclure les
Fin des relevs de terrain, avec 3 tudes environnementales

semaines de retard (cest un travail
complexe qui a mobilis jusqu 4 et sociales
brigades de gomtres et techniciens), Les travaux se poursuivent tout lt.
rendu tout dbut septembre.
Derniers ajustements des tudes
Analyse puis compila<on des donnes locales (en vue du dpt auprs de la
avant intgra<on dans les rapports DEEC) et addendum selon les critres
dtude des<ns aux bailleurs de fonds. IFC grce au travail extraordinaire
des sous traitants.

Une enqute mnage a dabord

t commande par le Projet.
Ceè enqute a mis en vidence

labsence dou<l rellement
p e r < n e n t p e r m e ` a n t l e
recensement complet de toutes
les terres et cultures des PAP pour
valuer, en pourcentage et en
absolu, les pertes probables de

revenus.

Cadastre rural :
concerta<on et travaux
de terrain. Et 2015
En amont du
nancement
En parallle, la construc<on du projet dACEI en Jamaque se poursuit : ici, dchargement de pales

de lolienne V112 longueur 53 m
3
P R E P A R E R le F I N A N C E M E N T
En parallle
Poursuivre les travaux
avec Senelec
Quelques dtails dans les annexes
aux PPA restent naliser an de
prendre en compte les derniers
dveloppements, notamment suite
aux changes survenus entre OPIC
(assists de Mo`McDonald) et
Senelec au cours des rencontres de
juin, juillet et aot.
Dchargement dune pale

de V112 en Jamaque
Il sagit aussi de reprendre certaines

hypothses dans lanalyse du
rseau comme larrive retarde de
Sendou et African Energy, la
suppression des groupes AGGREKO
et APR Kounoune, la rhabilita<on
du groupe 301 de Senelec, la
modica<on de lordre de mrite
des centrales

avec Vestas
Suite la rencontre des quipes
Projet et Vestas Paris en juillet,
une liste de 37 points jugs
sensibles a t discute, lobjec<f
tant de trouver un consensus
avant la rdac<on des contrats.
Parc Eolien a pris en charge la
rdac<on des contrats EPC et une
premire mouture a t change
n aot avec les bailleurs de fonds.
Ds le retour des documents
(prvu vers la mi septembre), les
discussions avec Vestas vont
reprendre avec un objec<f de tour
de table des ngocia<ons dbut
octobre. Un accent spcique est
mis sur le volet import et taxes
ncessitant une formula<on
spcique pour pouvoir bncier
des condi<ons oertes par le
Sngal. PWC Sngal, conseil des
deux par<es, sera associ aux
discussions. Une rencontre avec
toutes les par<es prenantes, et si
possible, des spcialistes du
Ministre de lEconomie, des
Finances et du Plan pourrait tre
envisage n octobre.

dacquisiHon du foncier
Les terrains dassieè du projet ont
dj fait lobjet dune a`ribu<on de
<tre foncier (voir notre le`re
dinforma<on n 6 du mois de juin).
Cependant, pour scuriser ses droits
au regard des servitudes, Parc Eolien a
d c i d n a o t d e d e m a n d e r
l i m m a t r i c u l a < o n d e s t e r r e s
correspondant lempreinte des
servitudes et zones techniques sur la
zone demprise du projet. Lvalua<on
des impenses sur ces terres a dj t
ralise lors des travaux de la
commission et la surface totale
reprsente 42,5 ha. Les dmarches
seront poursuivies en septembre.
Un nouveau logo pour PETN

La mise en place dune iden<t forte
du projet a mo<v Parc Eolien de Taiba
Ndiaye pour dnir son nouveau logo.
AcHons abendues
FONCIER
Obtenir une dlibra<on de la commune de Taiba Ndiaye au sujet de la conven<on et de la`ribu<on
dune parcelle en vue de limplanta<on du sige social de Parc Eolien Taib Ndiaye.
Suivre la procdure auprs du service des Impts et Domaines en vue de limmatricula<on des terrains
dassieè des servitudes (parcelle de 42,5 ha).

ENVIRONNEMENT
Dpt auprs de la DEEC du rapport de ltude environnementale. Runion du comit technique prvue
n septembre (Quitus environnemental tabli par la DEEC).
P O U R S U I V R E L E S A C T I O N S
AcHons engages en Septembre
FINANCEMENT
Prparer une rencontre en octobre Dakar pour conclure les discussions sur le PPA et entamer les
discussions au sujet de la Garan<e de lEtat.
Prparer une rencontre n octobre Dakar pour discuter le volet taxes et importa<on avec
ladministra<on scale.
Valider le projet de bail.
ENVIRONNEMENT
Poursuite du suivi environnemental dans le cadre du plan dac<on et de suivi (alimenta<on de la base
de donnes).
Dposer le rapport mis jour de lEtude Environnementale et Sociale du Projet auprs de la DEEC (date
es<me : mi septembre).
Envoyer le rapport et les addendum selon les critres IFC aux bailleurs pour changes et valida<on
avant n septembre.
VESTAS
Echanger les contrats de construc<on avec Vestas. Programmer une runion de travail Paris en
octobre (EPC Vestas).
PROCEDURES DE BAIL et SERVITUDES
Finaliser la conven<on avec la Commune de Taiba Ndiaye
POURSUITE DE LA CONCERTATION AVEC SENELEC
Valida<on des dernires annexes suite aux modica<ons du rseau discutes au mois daot ; discuter
les termes de la cession de la parcelle des<ne la construc<on du poste dvacua<on de la Centrale.
www.taibaeolien.com www.acei.com www.opic.gov www.ekf.dk www.usaid.gov/powerafrica www.vestas.com

Pour toute ques<on : info@taibaeolien.com

One nation, one aim, one faith
ADDENDUM
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT STUDY
PARC EOLIEN DE TAIBA NDIAYE (PETN)

Report version V0
Developed by EES SARL with advisory support from Ramboll ENVIRON
English translation by Bender & Partner and ANTRATEC
September 2015
While the PETN ESIS Addendum was developed by Engineering and Environmental Services
(EES SARL) with advisory support from Ramboll Environ US Corporation, Ramboll Environ
France and Ramboll Environ UK (together, Ramboll Environ), the Biodiversity Chapter and the
Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) Plan were developed solely by
Ramboll Environ.

Ramboll Environ US Corporation

101 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ 08540

V +1 609.452.9000 F +1 609.452.0284
www.ramboll-environ.com

Engineering & Environmental Services

(EES SARL)
Adresse:Hann Maristes II Immeuble S26 Dakar Sngal

Tlphone : (+ 221) 33 832 88 70 / (+ 221) 76 338 09 10
Email : ees.sarl@orange.sn
Site web :www.cabinet-ees.com

PETN
ESIS Addendum
Taiba Ndiaye - Senegal
Table of Contents
1
Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
Project Background
Context
ESIS Addendum Objective
1
1
2
Project description
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Project location
Project History
Project Organization
Technical capacity and relevant experience of Sarrole
Project schedule
Additional information about the sequence of work
2.6.1
2.7
3
3.1
12
Human resources management
2.6.1.1
Construction Phase
2.6.1.2
Operations Phase
2.6.2 Raw material management
12
14
15
2.6.3
Water requirement
15
2.6.4
Transport of equipment
15
2.6.5
Waste management
15
Analysis of Alternatives
16
2.7.1
Selection of the first site
16
2.7.2
Selection of the current site
17
Legal and regulatory framework
18
Supplement to the political and institutional framework
18
3.1.1
Summary of the content of the Political and Institutional framework
18
3.1.2
Political framework
18
3.1.2.1
National Strategy for Sustainable Development (SNDD)
3.1.2.2
Energy Sector Development Policy Letter (LPDSE)
3.1.3 Institutional framework
3.2
3
5
6
9
9
12
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.1.3.4
3.1.3.5
3.1.3.6
3.1.3.7
3.1.3.8
3.1.3.9
3.1.3.10
3.1.3.11
Energy Division
Senelec
National Energy Council
Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF)
Directorate for Town Planning and Architecture (DUA)
Directorate for Land-use Surveillance and Control (DSCOS)
National Spatial Planning Plan (PNAT)
National Spatial Planning Agency (ANAT)
Regional Development Agency (ARD) of This
National Climate Change Committee (COMNACC)
Parties involved in the land acquisition procedures
Supplement regarding the legal and normative framework
18
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
24
3.2.1
Succinct summary of text mentioned in the EIS of 2013.
24
3.2.2
Additional measures
25
3.2.2.1
3.2.2.2
3.2.2.3
3.2.2.4
3.2.2.5
Additional text on Noise

Additional decrees to the Water Code
Application Decree 98-164 on the application of the Forestry Code
Mining Code and its application decree
Text on occupational health, hygiene and safety
25
26
26
27
27
PETN
ESIS Addendum
3.2.2.6
Text on decentralization
3.2.3 Other measures
28
28
3.2.3.1
Regulations for historical monuments, excavations and discoveries
3.2.3.2
Town Planning Code
3.2.3.3
Sanitation Code
3.2.3.4
Order and decrees relating to the chemical risks
3.2.3.5
Text relating to the land
3.2.4 Supplement to the international and community legal framework
28
29
29
30
30
31
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2
31
32
International legal framework

Community framework (WAEMU)
Area of Influence
33
4.1
Areas of influence and villages impacted
33
4.1.1
33
Definition of areas of influence
4.1.1.1
The immediate area of influence
4.1.1.2
Close area of influence
4.1.1.3
Extended area of influence
4.1.2 Identification of villages impacted in the different areas of influence
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.2
4.1.2.3
4.1.2.4
4.1.2.5
4.1.2.6
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Villages in the immediate area of influence

Villages with PAP in the close area of influence (direct)
Villages with PAP in the extended area of influence (indirect)
35
37
38
40
40
41
41
42
43
44
Socio-economic Baselines Conditions
45
Geographical location
45
5.1.1
Location of PAP
45
5.1.2
Population evolution between 2003 and 2011
46
51
State of access to basic social services

5.2.1
Access to Health Care
51
5.2.2
Access to drinking water
54
5.2.3
Access to water for market gardening
55
5.2.4
Access to education
55
5.2.5
Access to electricity
59
The productive activities of local populations
62
5.3.1
Rainfall farming
62
5.3.2
Fruit trees
63
5.3.3
Market gardening
63
5.3.4
Livestock
64
5.3.5
Trade
64
5.3.6
Road network
65
5.3.7
Transport
66
67
Sacred sites
5.4.1
Presence of sacred cemeteries and trees
Trees identified that are important to the local communities

5.4.2 Conclusions
67
67
68
Socioeconomic Impacts
73
6.1
Preamble
73
ii
PETN
6.2
6.3
6.4
ESIS Addendum
Determining impact sources

Method for qualitative assessment of the significance of the impact
6.3.1
Potential impacts considered
75
6.3.2
Environmental effects assessment approach
76
6.1.3.2
6.2.3.2
6.3.3.2
6.4.3.2
Determining the intensity of the impact

Determining the extent of the impact
Determining the duration of the impact
Determining the significance of the impact
Assessment of the impacts

6.4.1
6.1.4.2
6.2.4.2
6.3.4.2
Construction phase
Operations phase
Summary
Plan for mitigation measures and reducing impacts

6.5.1
76
78
79
79
83
83
Assessment of the positive impacts
6.1.4.1
Direct and indirect jobs during the construction phase
6.2.4.1
Operations phase
6.4.2 Assessment of the negative impacts
6.5
73
75
Improvement measures for positive impacts
6.1.5.1
During the construction phase
6.2.5.1
During the operation phase
6.5.2 Mitigation measures for negative impacts
83
86
90
90
107
108
118
119
119
119
122
6.6
Parties involved in implementation of the ESMP (environmental and social management plan)
and their responsibilities
134
6.6.1
PETN
134
6.6.2
The HSE Manager (PETN)
134
6.6.3
The contracting company (EPC) (Vestas)
134
6.6.4
The Operator of the wind farm (PETN)
134
6.6.5
The local authorities
134
6.6.6
The ESMC (Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee)
134
6.6.7
The DEEC (Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments)
135
6.6.8
State technical services
135
Biodiversity
136
7.1
7.2
Introduction
Policy, Regulatory and Administrative Framework
136
137
7.3
7.4
7.2.1
International Agreements
137
7.2.2
Senegalese Legal Requirements
138
7.2.3
Standards and Guidelines for International Financing
141
142
Assessment Methodology
7.3.1
Scope
142
7.3.2
Desk Study
143
7.3.3
Field Surveys
143
7.3.4
Impact Assessment Methodology
148
153
Baseline Information
7.4.1
Designated Sites
153
7.4.2
Flora
155
7.4.3
Habitats
156
7.4.4
Herptiles
158
7.4.5
Birds
158
iii
PETN
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
ESIS Addendum
7.4.6
Terrestrial Mammals
167
7.4.7
Bats
168
Limitations to Assessment
Summary of Receptor Sensitivity Evaluations
Potential Impacts
170
171
171
7.7.1
Construction and Decommissioning Impacts
171
7.7.2
Operational Impacts
173
175
Mitigation
7.8.1
Construction and Decommissioning Phases
175
7.8.2
Operations Phase
178
181
Residual Impacts
7.9.1
Construction and Decommissioning Phase
181
7.9.2
Operations Phase
182
7.10
Conclusions
184
Cumulative Impacts and Effects
185
8.1
8.2
8.3
Introduction
Description of present or future actions and projects:
Project status
185
185
188
8.3.1
TOBENE POWER 70 MW power plant project
188
8.3.2
The AFRICA ENERGY 300 MW coal-fired plant project
189
8.3.3
The ICS 50 Mw Coal-Fired Power Plant Project
190
8.3.4
The AIG phosphoric acid production plant project at TAIBA NDIAYE
190
8.3.5
The GRETTA RESOURCES MINING SUARL project
191
8.3.6
Summary of the status of projects
192
8.4
Present or future actions and projects taken into account in assessing cumulative impacts justifications
193
8.4.1
Power plant under construction: Tobne Power S.A.
193
8.4.2
Power plant under development: africa energy
193
8.4.3 Existing mining infrastructures: Industries Chimiques du Sngal (ICS) and Grande Cte
Oprations (GCO)
194
8.5
8.6
8.4.4
Project announced but ultimately relocated
195
8.4.5
Present and future activities and projects considered
195
Determining Valued Environmental Components (VEC)

Cumulative impacts during the construction phase
195
196
8.6.1
Modification of air quality and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
196
8.6.2
Accumulation of noise impacts
197
8.6.3
Management of excavated soil
197
8.6.4
Pollution of surface water and groundwaters
197
8.6.5
Exploitation of groundwaters and surface water
197
8.6.6
Waste management
198
8.6.7
Impact on the landscape
198
8.6.8
Influx of workers onto the site
198
8.6.9
Miscellaneous transport needs and road traffic
199
8.6.10 Light emissions:
200
iv
PETN
9
9.1
9.2
ESIS Addendum
Community Health, Safety and Security
216
Community health and safety hazards specific to construction works
216
9.1.1
Transportation
216
9.1.2
Public access
217
9.1.3
Noise
217
Community health and safety hazards specific to the operations phase

Blade throw
218
9.2.2
Aircraft navigation safety
219
9.2.3
Electromagnetic interference
219
9.2.4
Public access
219
9.2.5
Noise
220
9.2.5.1
Audible Noise level
9.2.5.2
Infrasounds
9.2.6 Shadow flicker
10
10.1
218
9.2.1
220
221
221
Land acquisition and Compensation Process
222
Land Acquisition and securing the land
222
10.1.1 The Projects lands regime
222
10.1.2 The projects land needs
222
10.1.2.1
10.1.2.2
The wind turbines immediate space requirements

222
The space requirements of Easements for tracks, cable paths and temporary storage areas
222
10.1.2.3 Extended Easement area
223
10.1.3 Procedure for acquiring and securing the land
223
10.1.4 Status of the acquisition and securing of the 7.5 ha for the foundations and crane hoisting
zones 224
10.1.5 Status of the acquisition and securing of the 42 ha easement
226
10.1.6 Status of the acquisition and securing of the extended RoW area of approximately 2,200 ha
for conservation
226
10.2
Economic displacement and PAP compensation
226
10.2.1 Assessment of Land compensation
227
10.2.1.1 Composition of the Departmental Commission for assessing costs

10.2.1.2 Principles adopted by the Commission
10.2.1.3 Calculation of Compensation
10.2.1.4 Results of the Commissions work
10.2.1.5 PETNs approach to land compensation
10.2.1.6 Provisional payment dates for the compensation
10.2.2 Assessment of the level of impact for each PAP
227
228
229
230
231
231
231
10.2.2.1 Assessment of land loss for each PAP

10.2.2.2 Assessment of tree loss for each PAP
10.3.2.2 Overall Level of the Project impact on each PAP
10.2.3 Conclusions
231
232
235
236
11
Public Consultation and Disclosure of Information
238
11.1
11.2
Summary of consultation in 2012-2014

Public consultation in February 2015
238
239
11.2.1 Consultation objectives
239
11.2.2 Public consultation methodology
240
11.2.2.1 For the public consultations in local communities

11.2.2.2 For the Administration
11.2.3 The stages involved in the consultation
240
240
241
PETN
11.3
11.4
11.5
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
ESIS Addendum
11.2.4 Meeting with the administrative authorities
241
11.2.5 Meetings with the local communities
242
11.2.6 Results of the public consultation
244
11.2.6.1
11.2.6.2
11.2.6.3
11.2.6.4
11.2.6.5
11.2.6.6
Positive impacts of the Project

Concerns, Expections and Requests of the Local Communities
Participation in local life and its development
Additional Concerns, Expectations & Requests
Concerns relate directly to the wind farm and its potential hazards
Summary of Topics addressed
Public Consultation in June 2015
244
245
246
247
249
249
254
254
11.3.2 Results of the Public Consultation
256
11.3.2.1
11.3.2.2
11.3.2.3
Village Meeting at Mbayene 3

Session at the Municipal Office of Taiba Ndiaye
Discussion With the PAP From the villages of Taiba Santhie and Baty Gueye
Summary/General conclusion
Stakeholder Engagement Plan
256
258
258
259
259
11.5.1 Summary of Stakeholders
259
11.5.2 CSR Policy
260
11.5.3 Communications Plan & Commmunity Grievance Mechanism
260
Environmental & Social Management System (ESMS Plan)
261
Environmental and Social Management System Description
261
12.1.1 General Requirements
261
12.1.2 ESMS Documentation
267
12.1.3 Change Management
274
275
275
Policy
Identification of Risk and Impacts
12.3.1 Legal and Other Requirements
275
12.3.2 Social and Environmental Aspects and Impacts, Risk Assessment, and Risk Management
Planning
276
12.3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk
Management Planning
12.4
276
276
Management Programs
12.4.1 Environmental, Social, and Health & Safety (ESHS) Objectives, Targets, and Performance
Improvement Action Plans
276
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.4.2 ESHS Performance Improvement Management Program/Management/mitigation plans
277
12.4.3 Operational Control
277
12.4.3.1
12.4.3.2
Management of Social and Environmental Impacts

Control of Contractor Operations
Organizational Capacity and Competency
277
277
278
12.5.1 Structure and Responsibility
278
12.5.2 Training, Awareness, and Competence
280
Emergency Preparedness and Response

Monitoring and Review
281
282
12.7.1 ESMS Records
282
12.7.2 Monitoring and Measurement
282
12.7.2.1 ESMS Monitoring

12.7.2.2 Regulatory Compliance Verification Audits
12.7.2.3 ESHS Performance Measurements
12.7.3 Non-conformance Reporting and Corrective and Preventive Action
282
282
283
283
vi
PETN
12.8
12.9
ESIS Addendum
12.7.4 Internal ESMS Audits
284
12.7.5 Management Review
284
285
Stakeholder Engagement
12.8.1 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Planning
285
12.8.2 Disclosure of Information
285
12.8.3 Informed Consultation and Participation
285
12.8.4 Indigenous Peoples
286
12.8.5 Private Sector Responsibilities under Government-Led Stakeholder Engagement
286
286
12.9.1 External Communications
286
12.9.2 Grievance Mechanism to Affected Communities
286
12.10 Ongoing Reporting to Affected Communities
vii
286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
List of Figures
4
Figure 1 : Project installation area
Figure 2: Position of wind turbines in the 2008 (initial) configuration
5
Figure 3: Position of wind turbines in the 2015 configuration
6
Figure 4: Diagram of the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm project parties
7
Figure 5: Preliminary organizational chart
9
Figure 6: Wind projects developed by Sarrole
9
Figure 7: Project evolution between 2008 and 2015
11
Figure 8: Vestas organizational chart during construction phase
13
Figure 9: Flow chart of the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm in the Operations Phase
14
Figure 10: Cross-referencing between the study area terminologies - NF and IFC PS0134
Figure 11 : Immediate and close areas of influence
36
Figure 12 : Municipalities within the extended area of influence plus roads between Dakar
and the site for transporting equipment RN, departmental roads D704 and
D704 C
39
Figure 13 : Villages home to PAP within the Project area
41
Figure 14 : Location of Health Care Facilities within the Project area
54
Figure 15 : Distribution of school infrastructures in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
59
Figure 16 : Permanent market, points of sale, mutual savings banks in the Project area 65
Figure 17 : Road network of the Taiba Ndiaye municipality
66
Figure 18 : Location of cemeteries and sacred trees
71
Figure 19: Process for assessing the significance of the impact
82
Figure 20: Personnel foreseen in the Construction and Operations phases
84
Figure 21 Designated Sites
155
Figure 22 - Tree Species within the Project Area
156
Figure 23 Habitats within the Project Area
157
Figure 24 - Bird VP Locations
163
Figure 25 Bat Roost Locations
169
Figure 27 : ESMS Document Hierarchy
267
Figure 28 : ESMS Organizational Chart Construction Phase
278
List of tables
Table 1:
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Impact area vs adverse events

35
Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the closest wind
turbines
37
Distance between the Project and the existing or future industrial
infrastructures
40
Taiba Ndiaye villages home to PAP
42
Villages outside Taiba Ndiaye home to PAP
43
Villages of Taiba Ndiaye in the direct and indirect areas of influence and
without PAP
44
Population evolution between 2003 and 2011
46
viii
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Table 8:
Taiba Ndiaye villages (Source : 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD 2013-2018 Action
Plan)
47
Table 9: Population distribution per village inhabited by the majority of PAP
48
Table 10: Health Investment Plan 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD 2013-2018 Action Plan 53
Table 11: Summary of school conditions in the Project area
57
Table 12: The infrastructures and collective equipment in the Projects close area of
influence
60
Table 13: Estimation of sown areas and yields in 2011
62
Table 14: Evolution of mango production between 2000-2010 and 2011 in the
Municipality
63
Table 15: Evolution of vegetable production between 2000-2010 and 2011 in the
municipality
64
Table 16: Sacred cemeteries and trees in the Project area
69
Table 17: Potential sources of impacts during construction
74
Table 18: Potential sources of impacts during operations
75
Table 19: Table for determining the value of the component
77
Table 20: Table for determining the intensity of the impact
78
Table 21: Table for determining the significance of the environmental impact
80
Table 22: Breakdown of the Properties and Persons Impacted by the Project per Village 91
Table 23: Summary of the assessment of the positive impacts of the Project in the
construction phase
109
Table 24: Summary of the assessment of the positive impacts of the Project in the
operations phase
110
Table 25: Summary of assessment of the Projects negative impacts in the construction
phase
111
Table 26: Summary of the assessment of the negative impacts of the Project in the
operations phase
116
Table 27: Improvement measures in the construction phase
119
120
Table 29: Mitigation measures for negative impacts
122
Table 30 : Receptor Sensitivity Evaluation
148
Table 31 : Parameters considered to characterize an Impact
149
Table 32 : impact Magnitude - Habitats
150
Table 33: Impact Magnitude - Species
151
Table 34 : impact Significance
152
Table 35 : Protected Tree Species
155
Table 36 : Bird Species of Near-threatened, or worse, status which occur in Senegal 158
Table 37 : Bird Species Recorded During 2014 Transect
160
Table 38 : Bird Species seen during Migratory Species Coastal Survey
162
Table 39 : Bird Species Recorded in March 2015 from VPs in Project Area
164
Table 40 : Bird Species Recorded in April 2015 from VPs in Project Area
164
Table 41 : Bird Species Recorded in June 2015 from VPs in Project Area
165
Table 42 : Bird Specied Recorded in July 2015 from VPs in Project Area
165
Table 43 : Bird Species Recorded in August 2015 from VPs in Project Area
166
ix
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Table 44 : Bird Species Recorded during Breeding Bird Survey

166
Table 45: Terrestrial Mammal Species of Near-threatened, or worse, status in Senegal 167
Table 46 : Mammal Species Recorded within the Project Area
168
Table 47 : Summary of Receptor Sensitivity Evaluation
171
Table 48 : Summary of Impacts
183
Table 49 : Summary of Project status
192
Table 50 : Summary of cumulative impacts given the hypotheses developed
201
Table 51 : Negative cumulative impacts - Assessment of the significance
210
Table 52 : Status of the administrative approaches for acquiring and securing the 7.5 ha
of land
224
Table 53 : Tree compensation rate set by the Departmental
230
Table 54 : Assessment of land loss for each PAP
232
Table 55 : Assessment of mango trees loss
233
Table 56 : Assessment of other fruit trees loss
234
Table 57 : Assessment of wild trees loss
235
Table 58 : Assessment of the overall level of the
236
Table 59: Public consultation program conducted by Labosol and the Departmental
Commission of Census and Compensation
238
th
th
243
Table 60: Public Consultation Program From February 16 to 18 , 2015
Table 61: Summary of Topics Discussed During The Public Consultations in February
2015
250
th
255
Table 62: Public Consultation Program on June 18 2015
Table 63: Summary of results of public consultation meeting
257
Table 64: Summary of Topics Discussed During the Municipal Public Consultation in
June 2015
258
Table 65 : ESMS Plan Primary References for Structure and Content
263
Table 66 : Management/Mitigation Plans
268
Table 67 : Project Procedures
271
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ESIS Addendum
List of Annexes
Annex A:
Annex B:
Annex C:
Annex D:
Annex E:
Annex F:
Annex G:
Annex H:
Annex I:
Annex J:
Annex K:
Annex L:
Annex M:
Annex N:
Annex O:
Annex P:
Annex Q:
Annex R:
Annex S:
Annex T:
Annex U:
Response from DEEC : updating of the final environmental endorsement

Location of storage areas, temporary site facilities and power sub-station
Administrative breakdown of the region of This
Land Compensation Assessment Report produced by Labosol-AGTS
and dated June 4th 2015
Cadastre Rural Report produced by Labosol-AGTS and dated
September 22nd 2015
List of Taiba Ndiaye Villages
Number of PIP and PAP located within the three municipalities impacted
by the Project- Source: Labosol report of 22nd of September 2015
Footprint of a wind turbine
Geographic coordinates of Trees and Cemeteries
Priority actions program of Taiba Ndiaye
Methodology for the land inventory and for the financial assessment of
compensation for PAP
Inventory and classification of the various types of expenses
Critical Habitat Assessment
Ecosystems Services Review
Survey results
Biodiversity Action Plan Framework
Letter from the Ministry of Industry and Mines regarding the status of the
Gretta Mining Project
Documents regarding PETN land acquisition and compensation process
Attendance Sheet for Meeting Participants
Letter of EES to the Prefect
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy Statements
xi
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ESIS Addendum
Acronyms & Abbreviations

A.O.F
French West Africa/Afrique Occidentale Franaise
ACEI
American Capital Energy & Infrastructure Management, LLC
AEP
AESA
Water Supply Network/Adduction dEau Potable

Africa Energy SA
The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds/
Accord sur la conservation des oiseaux deau migrateurs dAfrique-Eurasie
National Agency of Marine Affairs/Agence Nationale des Affaires Maritimes
Blaise Diagne International Airport/Aroport International Blaise Diagne
AEWA
ANAM
AIDB
AIG
ANAT
ANSD
AOI
ARD
ASC
African Investment Group

National Agency of Territory Planning/Agence Nationale de l'Amnagement du
Territoire
National Statistics and Demography Agency/Agence Nationale de la
Statistique et de la Dmographie
Area of Influence/Aire dInfluence
Regional Development Agency/Agence Rgionale de Dveloppement
Sports and Cultural Association /Association Sportive et culturelle
ASECNA
Agency for the Safety of Aerial Navigation in Africa /Agence pour la Scurit de
la Navigation Arienne en Afrique et Madagascar
ASUFOR
Borehole Users Association/Association des Usagers du Forage
BAP
Biodiversity Action Plan/ Plan d'action pour la biodiversit

Environmental Public Hearings Bureau/Bureau d'Audiences Publiques sur
l'Environnement
Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme/ Programme de compensation
pour les entreprises et la biodiversit
Oprationnel Monitoring Bureau/Bureau Oprationnel de Suivi
BAPE
BBOP
BOS
BTP
CADL
CAE
CBD
CCOD
CDE
CEDEAO
CEI
CEM
CERER
CERP
CFA
Public Works Buildings/Btiments Travaux Publics

Administrative Committee for Local Development/Comit Administratif de
Dveloppement Local
Energy Supply Contract or Power Purchase Agreement /Contrat d'Achat
d'Energie
Convention on Biological Diversity/ Convention sur la diversit biologique
State-owned Operations Control Commission/Commission de Contrle des
Oprations Domaniales
State Property Code/Code du Domaine de lEtat
Economic Community of West African States/Communaut Economique des
Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
Committee of the Evaluation of Expenses/Commission d'Evaluation des
Impenses
Secondary School/Collge d'Enseignement Moyen
Center for the Studies and Research on Renewable Energy/Centre d'Etudes et
de Recherche sur les Energie Renouvelables
Multi-Purpose Rural Development Center/Centre dExpansion Rurale
Polyvalent
Financial Cooperation in Central Africa/Coopration financire en Afrique
centrale
xii
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ESIS Addendum
CGO
Great Coast Operations/Grande Cte Oprations
CGQA
Management Center for Air Quality/Centre de Gestion de la Qualit de l'Air
CHA
CMP
Critical Habitat Assessment/Bilan de lHabitat Critique

Interministerial Council For Territorial Planning /Conseil Interministriel de
l'Amnagement du Territoire
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora/Convention sur le Commerce International des Espces de Faune et
de Flore Sauvages Menaces d'Extinction
Construction Management Plan/Plan de Gestion de la Construction
CMS
Convention on Migratory Species/Convention sur les espces migratrices
CO
CO2
COP
Carbon Monoxide/Monoxyde de Carbone

Carbon Dioxide/Dioxyde de Carbone
National Committee for Climate Change/Comit National du Changement
Climatique
Conference of Parties/Confrence des Parties
CR
Critically Endangered/Espce en Danger de Disparition
CR
D702
Rural Community/Commune Rurale

Oceanographic Research Center of Dakar-Thiaroye /Centre de Recherches
Ocanographiques de Dakar Thiaroye
Electricity Sector Regulating Committee /Commission de Rgulation du
Secteur de l'Electricit
Corporate Social Responsibility/Responsabilit Sociale des Entreprises
Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee/Comit de Suivi
Environnement et Social
The Senegalese Phosphate Company of Taba/Compagnie Sngalaise des
Phosphates de Taba
Departmental road 702/Dpartementale 702
DAI
Direct Area of Influence/Aire dInfluence Directe
DAO
Db
Tender Documents /Dossier d'Appel d'Offres

Decibel/dcibel
Directorate for the Environment and Classified Establishments /Direction de
l'Environnement et des Etablissement Classes
Directorate General of the Treasury and Public Accounts /Direction Gnrale
de la Comptabilit Publique et du Trsor
Directorate General of Customs/Direction Gnrale des Douanes
CIAT
CITES
COMNACC
CRODT
CRSE
RSE
CSES
CSPT
DEEC
DGCPT
DGD
DGF
DGP
Directorate General of Finances/Direction Gnrale des Finances

Directorate General of Taxes and Property/Direction Gnrale des Impts et
des Domaines
Directorate General for Planning /Direction Gnrale du Plan
DI
DIB
Inert Waste /Dchets Inertes

Banal Industrial Waste /Dchets Industriels Banals
DIS
Special Industrial Waste/Dchets industriels spciaux
DIS
DMA
Specific Industrial Waste/Dchets Industriels Spcifiques

Household and Similar Waste /Dchets Mnagers Assimils
DMU
Discreet Management Unit /Unit de Gestion Discrte
DPC
Directorate of Civil Defense /Direction de la Protection Civile
DGID
xiii
PETN
DPC
DRDR
DREEC
DSCOS
DUA
ECoW
ECOWAS
EES
EHS
EHSS
EIA
EIES
EIS
EN
ESIS Addendum
Degree of Disturbance to a Component/Degr de perturbation de la

composante
Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development /Direction
Rgionale du Dveloppement Rural
Regional Division for the Environment and Classified Establishments/Division
Rgionale de l'Environnement et des Etablissements Classs
Directorate for the Monitoring and Control of Land Use/Direction de la
Surveillance et du Contrle de l'Occupation des Sols
Directorate of Urban Planning and Architecture/Direction de l'Urbanisme et de
l'Architecture
Ecological Clerk of Works/Ecologiste des Travaux
Economic Community of West African States/Communaut conomique des
tats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
Engineering Environment Services/ Services-Conseils en Ingnierie et en
Environnement (Bureau dtude EES-Sarl)
Environmental, Health and Safety /Environnement, Hygine et Scurit
Environmental, Health, Safety and Social/ Environnemental, Sant, Scurit, et
Social
Environmental Impact Assessment/Evaluation de l'Impact sur l'Environnement
Environmental and Social Impact Study/Etude d'Impact Environnement et
Social
Environmental Impact Study/Etude dImpact Environnementale
FDE
Endangered/En danger
Ramboll Environ US Corporation, France and UK/Socit Ramboll Environ
tats-Unis, France, Royaume-Uni
Equator Principles/Principes de lEquateur
Engineering Procurement & Construction/Ingnierie, Fourniture des
Equipements, et Construction (Travaux cl en main)
Personal protection equipment/Equipement de Protection Individuelle
Environmental and Social Impact Study/ Etude d'Impact Environnement et
Social
Environmental and Social Management Plan/Plan de gestion
environnementale et sociale
Environmental and Social Management System/Systme de gestion
environnementale et sociale
Ecosystem Services Review/ Examen des services cosystmiques
Franc (Currency) of the African Financial Community /Franc de la
Communaut Financire Africaine
Energy Development Fund /Fonds Dveloppement Energie
GC
Great Coast /Grande Cte
GCO
GES
Great Coast Operations/Oprations Grande Cte

Greenhouse Gas Emissions /Gas a Effet de Serre
GHG
Greenhouse gas/Gaz effet de serre
GIIP
GWh
Good international industry practice/bonne pratique internationale de l'industrie

Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit /agence de
coopration international allemande pour le dveloppement
Gigawatt-hour/Gigawatt-heure
Ha
Hectar/Hectare
ENVIRON
EP
EPC
EPI
ESIS
ESMP
ESMS
ESR
FCFA
GTZ
xiv
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ESIS Addendum
HASSMAR
High Authority in Charge of Coordinating Maritime Safety and Security

and Protection of the Marine Environment/Haute Autorit charge de la
coordination, de la Scurit maritime, de la Suret maritime et de la protection
de l'environnement Marin.
HSE
Environmental, Health and Safety/ Environnement, Sant et Scurit
HSS
HT
Hygiene, Health and Security/Hygine, Sant et Scurit

High tension/Haute Tension
IAI
Indirect Area of Influence/Aire dInfluence Indirecte
IBA
ICS
Important Bird Areas/Sites Importants pour les Oiseaux

General Inspectorate of Labour and Social Laws /Inspection Gnrale du
Travail et des Lois sociales
Classified Installations for the Protection of the Environment /Installations
Classes pour la protection de lEnvironnement
Chemical Industries of Senegal /Industrie Chimique du Sngal
IFC
ILO
Km
km/h
International Labour Organization/ Organisation Internationale du Travail

Inter gouvernemental Panel on Climate Change/ Panel
Intergouvernemental sur le Changement Climatique
Regional Initiative for Sustainable Energy/Initiative Rgionale pour l'Energie
Durable
Regional Inspectorate for Waters and Forests/Inspection Rgionale des eaux
et Forts
Regional Inspectorate of Labor and Social Security/Inspection Rgional du
Travail et de la Scurit Social
Higher Institute for Local Development/Institut Suprieur de Dveloppement
Local
Sexually Transmitted Infection/Infection Sexuellement Transmissible
International Union for Conservation of Nature/Union Internationale pour la
Conservation de la Nature
Japan International Cooperation Agency/Agence de Coopration Internationale
du Japon
Kilometer/Kilomtre
Kilometer per hour/Kilomtre par heure
LLC
Limited liability company/ Socit Responsabilit Limite
LABOSOL
Labosol-AGTS S.A.
Letter of Energy Sector Development Policy /Lettre de Politique de
Dveloppement du Secteur de lEnergie
Meter/Mtre
I.G.T.L.S
ICPE
IPCC
IRED
IREF
IRTSS
ISDL
IST
IUCN
JICA
LPDSE
M
m/s
m
Meter per second/Mtre par Seconde
MEF
Cubic meter/mtre cube

Ministry of Sustainable Development, the Environment and Parks /Ministre du
Dveloppement Durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs
Mineral Deposits Limited/ Gisements Minraux, SARL
Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development / Ministre de
lEnvironnement et du Dveloppement Durable
Ministry of Economy and Finance/Ministre de l'Economie et de Finances
MST
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Maladies Sexuellement Transmissible
MDDEP
MDL
MEDD
xv
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ESIS Addendum
MT
Medium Tension/Moyenne Tension
MW
MegaWatt
NF
NGO
French Standard/Norme Franaise

Non-governmental Organization/Organisation Non Gouvernementale
NOx
Nitrogen oxide/Oxyde d'azote
NP
Performance Standard/Norme de Performance
NT
Near Threatened/Quasi Menaces.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development/Organisation pour la coopration et le dveloppement
conomiques
Occupational Health and Safety/ Sant et Scurit au Travail
OECD
OHS
OIT
OIF
OIT
O&M
OMD
ONAS
ONG
ONU
OPIC
PAFS
PAN/LCD
PAP
PCB
PCH
International Organization of Labor/Organisation Internationale du Travail

International Organization of the Francophone/Organisation Internationale de
la Francophonie
International Organization of Labor/Organisation Internationale du Travail
Operations & Maintenance/Exploitation et Maintenance
Millennium Development Goals /Objectif du Millnaire pour le Dveloppement
Senegal's National Office of Sanitation /Office National de l'Assainissement du
Sngal
Non-governmental Organization/Organisation Non Gouvernementale
United Nations/Organisation des Nations Unies
Overseas Private Investment Corporation/Organisme Fdral de Promotion
des Investissements Privs l'Etranger
Forestry Action Plan of Senegal/Plan dAction Forestier du Sngal l
National Action Plan to Combat Desertification /Plan d'Action Nation de Lutte
Contre la Dsertification
Persons affected by the Project/Personnes Affectes par le Projet
PolyChlorinated biphenyl/PolyChloroBiphnyle
PLD
Potential collision height/Hauteur de risque de collision

Forestry Directors Plan for Development/Plan de dveloppement du Directeur
des Frts
Wind Farm of Taiba NDiaye, Ltd./Parc Eolien de Taiba NDiaye S.A.
Environmental and Social Management Plan/Plan de Gestion Environnemental
et Social
Local Development Plan/Plan Local de Dveloppement
PM
Particulate Matter / Particules Fines
PME
Small and medium enterprise/Petite et Moyenne Entreprise

National Plan of Action for the Environment/Plan National d'Action pour
l'Environnement
National Development Programme for the Promotion of Solidarity and
Territorial Competitiveness/Programme National dAmnagement pour la
Promotion de la Solidarit et de la Comptitivit Territoriale
National Spatial Planning Plan/Plan National d'Amnagement du Territoire
National Programme for the Development of Health/Programme National de
Dveloppement de la Sant
Guidance Plan for the Economic and Social Development of Senegal/Plan
D'Orientation pour le Dveloppement Economique et Social du Sngal
PDDF
PETN
PGES
PNAE
PNASCOT
PNAT
PNDS
PODES
xvi
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POI
Internal Plan of Operation/Plan d'Opration Interne
PPA
Power purchase agreement/Contrat dachat dlectricit
PPE
Personal protection equipment/quipements de Protection Individuelle

Regional Integrated Development Plans/Plan Rgional de Dveloppement
Intgr
PRDI
PROCHIMA
T
PROFADEL
PRRSE
Chemicals and Materials/Produits Chimiques et Matriaux

Francophone Local Development Support Programme/Programme
Francophone dAppui au Dveloppement Local
Restructuring and Recovery Plan of the Energy Sector /Plan de
Restructuration et de la Relance du Secteur de l'Energie
PS
PSE
Standard Procdure/Procdure Standard

Emergence of Senegal Plan/Plan Sngal Emergent
PSs
Performance Standards/Normes de Performances

Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey
in Africa and Eurasia/ Mmorandum d'entente sur la conservation des oiseaux
migrateurs de proie en Afrique et en Eurasie
RAPTORS
MOU
REV
RN
RoW
Revision/Rvison ou Version
Regional Initiative for Sustainable Energy/Initiative Rgionale pour l'Energie
Durable
National route/Route Nationale
Right of Way/Droit de passage
RSE
Corporate Social Responsibility/Responsabilit Socitale de lEntreprise
S.A.
Socit Anonyme/Public Limited Company
SDE
Senegalese Water Company /Sngalaise Des Eaux

National Electricity Company of Senegal/Socit Nationale d'Electricit du
Sngal
Stakeholder Engagement Plan/Plan dEngagement des Parties
RISE
SENELEC
SEP
SFI
SF6
SIDA
SNDD
SNH
SNMO
SOx
SRAT
SRH
SRP
SSPT
STE

Sulfur hexafluoride/Hexafluorure de Soufre
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Syndrome de l'Immunodficience
Acquise
National Strategy for Sustainable Development/Stratgie Nationale de
Dveloppement Durable
Scottish National Heritage/Patrimoine National cossais
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change/Stratgie de mise
en uvre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement
climatique
Sulfur oxide/Oxyde de soufre
Regional Spatial Planning Schemes/Schmas rgionaux dAmnagement du
Territoire
Senegalese Company of Oil Regeneration Sngalaise de Rgnration des
Huiles
Poverty Reduction Strategy/Stratgie de Rduction de la Pauvret
Senegalese Phosphates Company of Taiba/Socit Sngalaise des
Phosphate de Taiba
Technical Services of the State/Service Technique de l'Etat
xvii
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T-Line
Transmission Line/Ligne de transmission
TN
Taba Ndiaye
TP
TP SA
Tobne Power/
Tobne Power SA
West African Economic and Monetary Union/Union Economique et Montaire
de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
UEMOA
UN
VIH
United Nations/Organisation des Nations Unies

UN Convention on Biological Diversity/Convention des Nations Unies sur la
Biodiversit
United Nations Children's Fund/ Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'Enfance
Environmental Value of the Component/Valeur Environnementale de la
composante
Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Virus de l'Immunodficience Humaine
VP
Vantage Point/Point de Vue
VU
Vulnerable/Vulnrable
West African Economic and Monetary Union/Union Economique et Montaire
de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
World Bank Group/Groupe de la Banque Mondiale
World Institute for Conservation and Environment/Institut Mondial pour la
Conservation et lEnvironnement
UNCBD
UNICEF
VEC
WAEMU
WBG
WICE
xviii
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1
1.1
ESIS Addendum
Introduction
Project Background
The Projet Eolien Taiba Ndiaye (PETN or the Project) which is the subject of this ESIS
Addendum, is a 151.8 MW wind project which will be comprised of 46 Vestas V-126 3.3 MW
turbines. The Project is located in Senegal in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye approximately
75 km northeast of Dakar. Once built, the Project will be the first wind project in Senegal and
the largest wind project in West Africa.
The Project has been in development since 2008 by Sarreole sarl (Sarreole), a French
renewable energy company which has developed a total of 8 wind projects representing
more than 100 MWs of wind power and a number of solar projects in France, and Vigneron
Energies, a sister company. PETN is the largest project under development and the only
project which the company has developed outside of France. Sarreole is based in the
northeast of France close to the German border in Troisfontaines, France.
1.2
Context
In light of the new energy policy set out by the Government of Senegal in its Electricity
Sector Development Policy letter (LPDSE) in 2012, the intention is to encourage the
introduction of renewable energies into the energy mix, mainly solar and wind power, with a
goal of 20% participation in the total capacity for domestic production in 2017. In this context,
this Project has been recognized as part of the Emerging Senegal Plan (PME) which is
directly supported by the President of Senegal. The new wind farm will, therefore, play an
important part in reducing the energy deficit and the reliance on energy generated by fossilfuels. At the same time, the Project will contribute to the reduction and overall stabilization of
energy prices for both industrial and household consumers.
The Senegalese firm HPR Ankh Consultants performed an Environmental and Social Impact
Study (ESIS) on this project in 2011. The Project was subsequently issued a certificate of
environmental conformity by the Direction de lEnvironmental et des Etablissements
Classes (DEEC). In accordance with environmental approval procedures, the Ministry of
Environment and Sustainable Development issued a decree (no. 003247 dated 9 May 2011)
in support of the certificate of conformity which states that the Project and the ESIS conform
with the provisions of the Environment Code provisions and provides approval from an
environmental perspective to create a Wind Farm in Taiba Ndiaye (Region of This).
Given to a number of successive changes to the design of the Project, the ESIS has been
updated several times by the firm HPR Ankh Consultants. In January 2015, as the first
certificate of conformity had lapsed, the project developer requested that it be re-instated
based on the latest version to date of the ESIS, the REV03 of October 2014. The Ministry
responded favorably to the developer's request and the certificate of conformity reinstatement process is currently in progress. The ESIS was subsequently revised to
incorporate updated maps of the area and an updated noise analysis. This final version
(ESIS REV04 of July 2015), was submitted to the DEEC the first week of August 2015 and is
currently under review. A renewal of the certificate of conformity is anticipated within 4-6
weeks from this time.
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Although the ESIS REV03 of October 2014 referred to the IFC Performance Standards
(2012), the World Bank Group (WBG) EHS Guidelines (2007) and the Equator Principles
(EP III, 2013, and together, the International Standards), not all of these International
Standards were considered in preparing the ESIS REV03 as was revealed after a gap
analysis was performed by EES Sarl and Ramboll Environ. The gap analysis identified all
material gaps in comparison with the IFC Performance Standards (2012), the applicable
WBG EHS Guidelines (General Guidelines and sector Guidelines for Wind Energy (2007)
and the EP III. The final gap analysis (January 2015) served to support the preparation of
this ESIS Addendum.
The ESIS Addendum, based on the ESIS REV03, was well advanced prior to HPR Ankh
Consultants recent development of the ESIS REV04. Therefore, all reference in this ESIS
Addendum to the ESIS will be to REV03 but we can confirm that there are no material
differences between REV03 and REV04 for matters relevant to the Projects compliance with
the International Standards.
1.3
ESIS Addendum Objective
The aim of this ESIS Addendum is to complement the ESIS REV03, taking into account the
most recent changes to the Project and incorporating the recommendations of the IFC
Performance Standards, the applicable WBG EHS Guidelines and the EPIII in order to close
the gaps noted in the January 2015 final gap analysis. Please note: prior to completion of the
ESIS Addendum, the Project was also assessed against the recently updated EHS
Guidelines for Wind Energy (August 2015).
Several initiatives have recently been undertaken (i.e., rural land surveys to assess the
extent of land loss by each land user, a second assessment of land compensation for people
impacted by the Project, additional public consultations with affected local communities, and
an expanded assessment of potential impacts to Biodiversity (i.e., additional baseline studies
on birds and bats). The results of these initiatives have been incorporated into this ESIS
Addendum.
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Project description
The Project involves the installation of a 151.8 MW wind farm with an actual total project
technical footprint of about 49.5 ha. and includes 46 wind turbines and access roads
(together defined as the "Project). The wind turbine cluster is comprised of five rows of wind
turbines covering a total surface area of approximately 7,5 ha. These rows are connected
between each other and the departmental road D702 by access roads. It is estimated the
wind farm will generate more than 400 GWh per year for 20 years during the production
phase at rated power.
The history of the Project, its location, its organization and characteristics are detailed in the
following subsections.
2.1
Project location
The installation of the Project will be in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, in the region of
This, department of Tivaouane. The closest towns are Tivaouane and This, at 10 and 32
km from the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, respectively.
The region of This is one of fourteen administrative regions in Senegal. It is located
approximately 70 km to the northeast of Dakar. The region comprises three departments:
This, Mbour and Tivaouane.
The department of Tivaouane is comprised of 3 districts: Mouane, Niakhne and Pambal.
The Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye is located in the district of Mouane which is located in the
northwest part of the department. The main town of the department is also called
Tivaouane, and it is located on the main road between Dakar and Saint-Louis via This and
situated approximately 92 km away from the capital of Dakar.
Figure 1 below positions the Project in relation to Dakar and the region.
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The three departments of the This region

Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye,
the project area
Figure 1 : Project installation area
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2.2
ESIS Addendum
Project History
The Project was originally conceived by Sarrole in 2008 and involved installing 50 wind
turbines of 2.5 MW each (see Figure 2.2 below). The initial configuration had two turbine
groupings:
A first grouping of twenty wind turbines in three rows, separated by about 720 m; and
A second grouping, approximately 2.5 km from the first and comprising thirty wind
turbines in three rows, separated by about 1000 m.
Sarrole acquired 7 ha of land from the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye on 1 November 2008
for the basic configuration presented below in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Position of wind turbines in the 2008 (initial) configuration
Given the changing technologies (increased rotor diameter and losses through wakes
generated by the presence of a wind turbine on its neighboring areas), the initial Project
configuration was altered. The wind farm power was increased to 151.8 MW instead of the
125 MW initially planned, using 46 turbines with a unit power of 3.3 MW. This latest
configuration provides for wind turbines installed in five rows with approximately 1.8 km
between each row (see Figure 3 below). The installation of these wind turbines will also
require the creation of 34 km of access roads.
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Ultimately, the estimated annual production for this configuration is 400 GWh.
As per the instruction of the Prefect of the Department of Tivaouane, PETN engaged
Labosol-AGTS under the supervision of the Departmental Commission for Assessing
Compensation to conduct a survey of the Project area based on this revised configuration
from 6 August 2014 to 26 January 2015. The survey included raising awareness of land
users primarily farmers working on fields which are to be impacted; listing disbursement
expenses per land user; and assessing the amount of compensation to be paid with respect
to the footprint of each turbine and the access roads. The results of this survey are
presented in the Land Compensation Assessment Report produced by Labosol-AGTS (see
Annex D).
Figure 3: Position of wind turbines in the 2015 configuration
2.3
Project Organization
The Project has been under development by Sarreole and Vigneron Energies, a sister
company, since 2008. In 2009, a special purpose vehicle, Projet Eolien Taiba Ndiaye SA
(PETN), was formed by Mssrs. Bruno Vigneron and Jeannot Schlernitzauer (owners of
Sarreole) to hold all project-related rights and obligations. It is currently estimated the
Project will represent an investment of approximately CFA 197 billion and will be financed
30% by equity and 70% by debt. Equity will be contributed by the Mssrs. Bruno Vigneron
and Jeannot Schlernitzauer and American Capital Energy & Infrastructure Management,
LLC (ACEI) and debt financing will be provided by international financial institutions.
Additional Project parties include:
Vestas: the equipment supplier, the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC)
Contractor and the provider of the Operations & Management for the Project;
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Senelec: the sole purchaser of the energy produced by the Project in accordance with
a 20-year take-or-pay power purchase agreement signed with PETN; and
The Government of Senegal: provider of state guarantees required to close the Project
financing (see Figure 4 below).
Figure 4: Diagram of the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm project parties
PETN is currently managed by Mssrs. Bruno Vigneron and Jeannot Schlernitzauer who has
engaged a number of consultants to take interim responsibilities for the financing,
engineering and community relations managment. However, prior to the commencement of
construction, the intention will be to have a Project Manager in place whose responsibilities
will be to manage the Project during construction and operations and a number of staff
members as described below and as illustrated by the org. chart in Figure 5 below.
The Technical Director will be responsible for the Construction Manager and the O&M
Manager and all contract management and compliance as it pertains to the EPC, O&M, and
power purchase agreement from a technical perspective. The Construction manager will
likely also have an assistant and the O&M Manager will probably also have an assistant.
The Construction Manager will be responsible for overseeing the day to day construction
and implementation of the Vestas EPC contract. He will participate in weekly/monthly
construction management meetings and will be the likely liaison between PETN and the
Lenders IE. He will additionally be responsible to ensure that all reports are completed and
submitted both to the Lenders and to Senelec, where applicable.
The O&M Manager will be responsible for overseeing the day to day O&M of the Project and
insuring that Vestas respects their contractual obligations to the Project. He will also be
responsible for all operational reporting to both the Lenders and to Senelec.
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The Director of Operations with be responsible for Security, Environmental Compliance and
Community Relations.
The Security Manager will be responsible for the management of all security personnel
assigned to the Project site. It is envisaged that security patrol of the site will take place
24 hours a day, 7 days a week 365 days a year and work on three 8-hour shifts. It is
currently anticipated that 5-10 security persons will be required for each shift.
Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Manager will be responsible for the management
and monitoring of all aspects of the environment, health and safety of the site during both the
construction and operation phase of the Project. This individual will work the Vestas
Environmental Manager during construction to ensure that the Projects ongoing activities
comply with the ESMS Plan and will ultimately report to the PETN Project Manager.
Responsibilities shall include the preparation of monthly, quarterly and/or annual reports as
required for lenders and shareholders of the Project.
Environmental Compliance Officer. This person may be a full-time employee of the Project
or a consultant, and will be responsible for ensuring that the Project complies will all local
environmental requirements, and performing audits with regard to plans like the ESMS Plan,
the Stakeholder Engagement Plan and Biodiversity Plan to ensure that they are being
respected.
Community Relations Officer will be responsible for a team of 3-4 individuals that will be
responsible for communicating with the local community to ensure that all questions,
concerns and requests of community members are addressed and recorded. The
Community Relations Officer or a member of his team will meet at least once each month
during construction and at least one every quarter during operations with communities on an
individual or group basis. The purpose of these meetings will be to communicate the
progress of the Project during construction and the activities which occurred in the past
month and those which shall occur in the coming month. These meetings will also be a
platform for community members to express their concerns and ask any questions about the
Project.
The Financial Director will be responsible for all things related to finance of the Project. He
will have a team of 3-4 people. Responsibilities will include preparation of draw down
requests from the lenders during construction, financial compliance and reporting to the
lenders during both the construction and operation phase, management of banking relations,
invoicing Senelec and any other third parties for services rendered, management of the
payment of all invoices received by the project, financial forecasting and budgeting, financial
bookkeeping, amongst a number of other financial related tasks.
Please note : the job subscriptions and org. chart below are preliminary in nature and subject
to change based on the needs of the Project.
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Project Manager
Technical Director
Director of
Opera5ons
Financial Director
Security Ocer
Construc5on
Manager
O & M Manager
Bookkeeper
Environmental
Compliance Ocer
Bank Compliance
Ocer
Community Rela5ons
Ocer
Financial Analyst
Figure 5: Preliminary organizational chart
2.4
Technical capacity and relevant experience of Sarrole
Sarrole has to date developed 9 wind farm projects with a total installed power of 180 MW
(see Figure 6 below).
Figure 6: Wind projects developed by Sarrole
2.5
Project schedule
The Project will be constructed in three phases: two construction phases of sixteen wind
turbines each and a final construction phase of fourteen wind turbines. The purpose is to
enable PETN to work with Senelec to successfully integrate the project into the grid.
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The provisional Project timetable provides for work to start at the beginning of the fourth
quarter of 2015, with delivery of the first tranche of 52.8 MW after fifteen months. The other
two tranches will be delivered 11 months and 19 months later, respectively i.e. a total period
of 34 months. The first tranche is planned to enter production before the end of 2016.
Figure 7 below provides the Projects evolution from conception to date.
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YEARS
Technical studies
wind measurments h = 50m
Site definition
Production estimate - 50 m mast
Production estimated - 100 mast - request for
Final definition of implantation scenario
Prodcution estimate - 100 m mast - final scenario
Wind measurements h = 100m
network studies - scenario 2010-2012
Vestas feasibility study of network
Transport studies - Vestas V112
Transport studies - Vestas V126
Geotechnical studies
Permit & Authorization
1st building permit
2nd building permit
3rd building permit
Land acquisition procedure
convention with local community of Taiba NDiaye
Launching of land registration procedure
Presidential decree for abandonment of land and
official declaration of public interest
mark up of wind turbines and road boundaries
registration of agricultural parcel
lease
Deed restriction establishment
Power purchased agreement
presentation and opening for negociations
Negociations
Signed off - Power purchased agreement
Environmental and social studies
AHNK
Abba Sonko
Ramboll Environ / EES Sarl
Financials
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Vigneron Energies
DNGV Garrad
DNGV Garrad
Vigneron Energies
DNGV Garrad
Alstom Grid
Alstom Grid
Alstom Grid
Sargent & Lundy
Vestas
Vestas
Vestas
Esteyco Energia +
Labosol
26/4/2011
01/05/2009
31/12/2013
2014
2015
PETN
2.6
ESIS Addendum
Additional information about the sequence of work
This section includes additional Project information not included in the ESIS REV03 or
information requiring updating following alterations to the Project.
2.6.1 Human resources management

2.6.1.1 Construction Phase
Vestas and its sub-contractors (international and/or local) will carry out the construction
work. Approximately 385 skilled and unskilled laborers, including five engineers, will be
necessary during the course of the 34-month construction period. The actual number will
depend on the layout and the progress of work. The Vestas construction management team
is illustrated by the org. chart in Figure 8 below.
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Figure 8: Vestas organizational chart during construction phase

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1
Temporary site facilities will be installed on the Project site. Vestas is planning bus
transportation to the Project site for workers, and a canteen and medical facility will be
located on site. Workers accommodation facilities will not be constructed on the Project
site. Workers from outside the area will live in a hotel or hotels in the vicinity of the Project,
but the hotel has not yet been identified by Vestas.
2.6.1.2 Operations Phase

The personnel planned for the Operations Phase by PETN, for a period of 20 years, is
provided in Figure 9 below. This does not include the personel engaged by Vestas for the
operations and maintenance contract with the Project which are estimated to be between 12
and 15 additional skilled laborers. The intention will be to train local staff to reduce the
number of Vestas expatriates on site during the operations phase.
Project Manager
Technical Director
Director of
Opera5ons
Financial Director
Construc5on
Manager
Security Ocer
Bookkeeper
O & M Manager
Environmental
Compliance Ocer
Bank Compliance
Ocer
Community Rela5ons
Ocer
Financial Analyst
Figure 9: Flow chart of the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm in the Operations Phase
The Project has incorporated a framework for a human resources policy consistent with the
size of the Project in its ESMS Plan. This policy complies with Senegal's labor-related laws
and regulations and the recommendations of IFC PS2. PETN will create and set in place the
necessary conditions and arrangements to (i) establish, maintain and improve the
employee/management relationship, promote non-discrimination and equal opportunities for
employees and compliance with local laws on the right to work and (ii) protect the workforce
by prohibiting child labor and forced labor, promote safe and healthy working conditions and
protect and promote the health of employees.
See Annex B:Location of storage areas, temporary site facilities and power sub-stationError! Reference
source not found.
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2.6.2 Raw material management

Significant quantities of raw materials (concrete reinforcement bars, gravel, sand for
reinforced concrete, cement and mixing water) are needed to construct the foundations of
wind towers, specific assembly or maintenance platforms and various buildings. Gravel and
sand will be taken when needed from the quarries authorized by the transport and
infrastructure authority. The sand could be taken from quarries in Tivaouane, the laterite
could come from Lam-Lam quarries (at Mont Rolland and Sindia) and the basalt from the
Diack quarry in the municipality of Ngoudiane (Thinaba district).
2.6.3 Water requirement

During the Construction Phase, water will be required to create 46 foundations (600 to 800
m of reinforced concrete/foundation), associated platforms and 35 km of access roads. The
water will also be used, after being treated, as drinking water for the workers, and as service
water (washing platforms, cleaning machinery, etc.).
2.6.4 Transport of equipment

The materials and equipment required to erect the Project will arrive at the port on cargo
vessels. All the equipment will be transported by large and specially equipped flatbed
trucks. The trucks will take the national road 1 (RN1) or partly the motorway as far as
Tivaouane and from there the departmental road between Tivaouane and Mboro (D702),
before moving onto the Project access roads that will connect in advance with the D702.
Civil engineering work will be necessary to cross some areas, especially roundabouts. The
access roads should, therefore, be operational and in use before the equipment arrives.

The various types of waste (inert waste, common industrial waste and special industrial
waste) are described in the EIS REV03. A framework for a waste management plan
(including a waste disposal unit), established to be in compliance with local regulations and
good international industrial practices (GIIP), is included in the ESMS Plan.
Domestic water: domestic potable water will be required by the estimated 385 laborers
working on the Project site for both drinking and sanitation purposes. Septic tanks will be
used to deal with the domestic water. These tanks will be emptied regularly. The waste will
be evacuated into treatment sectors approved by the DEEC or to the Keur Saib Ndoye plant
of the Senegal National Sanitation Office (ONAS) in This.
Industrial wastewater: a limited amount of industrial wastewater will be produced during the
Construction Phase. Vestas will have a mobile treatment unit and this water will be
transferred regularly to the ONAS plant of Keur Saib Ndoye in This.
During the Operations Phase, small amounts of industrial wastewater will be produced from
cleaning equipment and cooling water emptied from machinery. The wastewater will be
transferred into mobile, kit treatment units; these will be emptied regularly into the Keur Saib
Ndoye public treatment plant at This.
During the Operations Phase and during maintenance, 70,000 liters of used oil will be
produced from oil change operations. This oil will be recovered and sent to waste oil
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regeneration companies in the area (e.g., SRH, TOTAL) or burned in cement plant pyrolysis
furnaces.
Contrary to the information provided in the EIS REV03, no PCB will be used under this
Project. The oils contained in the transformers will not contain PCB, therefore, reference to
use of PCB was deleted in the ESIS REV04.
Particular care will be taken in maintaining equipment containing sulphur hexafluoride SF6.
This involves electrical isolation cells built into the base of each wind turbine, each
2
containing 1 to 2 kg of SF6 gas . Despite it being a greenhouse gas (GHG) with high global
warming potential, SF6 is the only product (there is currently no possible substitution) used
in the electrical separation cells. This gas is not toxic to humans or flammable.
2.7
Analysis of Alternatives
3
Various studies on the potential of the wind resource show that Senegal is relatively well
served, especially on the extensive coast between Dakar and Saint Louis, where wind
speeds are between 4 and 6 m/s on average. Thus several wind farms are envisaged for the
future in the areas of Kayar, Poitou and Saint Louis, but are only at the project planning
stage.
The Saint Louis project, 190 km from the Project site and certainly the most advanced, is a
50 MW wind farm with two tranches of 15 and 35 MW. Our understanding is that this project
is being developed by C3E and InfraCo and that no wind measurement has been done on
site to date. We note that all future renewable projects will be subject to an international
public tender by Senelec. To date no public tender has been announced either by the
government or Senelec.
2.7.1 Selection of the first site

This first site (see Figure 2) was chosen on the basis of the assessed wind resource and
confirmed by the measurements by Sarrole of the contractual energy capacity guaranteed
to Senelec. Another factor was the existence nearby of the Tobne sub-station. Sarrole has
been measuring wind speeds since 2008 to estimate the wind resource. Wind anemometers
were placed on a mast at miscellaneous altitudes (30 meters, 48.5 meters and 50 meters).
The measuring campaign initiated in 2008 lasted twelve months. Based on these
measurements, the average wind speed at this height was 5.64 m/s, i.e. 20.3 km/h.
2 Hazard study - Vestas - Page 34

3
Analysis of Wind Data and Wind Energy Potential along the northern coast of Senegal
By Youm, J. Sarr, M. Sall, A. Ndiaye and M.M. Kane
By: Laboratory of Semi-conductors and Solar Energy, Faculty of Science, University Cheikh Anta Diop, DakarFann, Senegal and Centre for Renewable Energies and Research (CERER),
BP 476, Dakar, Senegal
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2.7.2 Selection of the current site

During this time, wind technology was rapidly evolving and in light the energy shortages
being experienced by Senelec, it became possible to configure a project with fewer but
larger turbines which could provide close to 20% more energy then previously contemplated.
In August 2010, Sarreole installed a second wind mast. This time at 100 m height which
was closer to the hub height of the turbines envisaged to be installed. The new wind mast
which is still collecting date was installed approximately 5 km north of the existing 50 m
mast. The data collected from the new mast was used to redimension the Project and
culminated in the current configuration (see Figure 3) that uses 3.3 MW wind turbines.
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3.1
ESIS Addendum
Legal and regulatory framework

Supplement to the political and institutional framework
3.1.1 Summary of the content of the Political and Institutional framework

The Project ESIS REV03 of October 2014 sets out partially the applicable political and
institutional provisions, namely:
In terms of policy
The policy of the Energy Sector Recovery Plan 2007-2012;
The national environmental management policy (2004) (LPSE);
The National Action Plan for the Environment;
The National Action Programme for Combating Desertification;
The strategy and action plan for preserving biodiversity; and
The implementation strategy for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (SNMO).
In terms of institutions
The institutions listed in the ESIS REV03 are the Ministry of Energy; the Electricity Sector
Regulatory Commission (CRSE), the Ministry of Biofuels, Renewable Energies and Scientific
Research; the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development and its various
branches (Classified Establishments Division (DEEC); the Technical Committee and the
Water and Forestry Division); the local authorities; basic community bodies; and nongovernmental organizations.
The political and institutional framework will be supplemented by the following texts:
3.1.2 Political framework

3.1.2.1 National Strategy for Sustainable Development (SNDD)
The aim of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development (SNDD) is to:
Make the policies, strategies and programs currently being executed consistent and
encourage better synergy between the various actions performed by attempting to
identify and mobilize the interfaces or competition areas (March 2005 version).
The strategy is broken down into six sections or major guidelines, including:
Promoting sustainable production and consumption methods (section 2);

The challenge is to exploit the natural resources by encouraging new methods of
energy production, promoting a balanced and harmonious development (section 3);
and
Reinforcing measures and actions that could contribute to achieving the Millennium
Development Goals (MDG) in section 6.
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The Project is in line with the SNDD by encouraging a new, environmentally-friendly method
of energy production.
3.1.2.2 Energy Sector Development Policy Letter (LPDSE)

In 2003, the authorities adopted an Energy Sector Development Policy Letter (LPDSE). This
was updated in 2008. The LPDSE targeted a national electrification rate of 75%, with 50% in
rural locations and 95% in towns and at least a 20% commercial independence rate by 2020
(against 4% in 2004) through input from biofuels, hydro-electric power and renewable
energies. In addition, the use of renewable energies and biofuels was encouraged.
Despite the efforts made, the sector went through a major crisis. After the presidential
elections held on 25 March 2012, the new authorities, based on the diagnosis of the energy
sector, decided to introduce a new energy policy.
The new policy was adopted on 29 October 2012 and set out in the LPDSE 2012. It revolves
around two sections: (i) sector situation and constraint and (ii) vision and goals of the new
energy policy. The Government's strategy is targeting "an emerging economy guaranteeing
sustainable development with positive impact that is distributed in a unified manner.
The strategic areas adopted include the guarantee of energy safety and increased access to
energy for all to promote strong economic growth and equitable social development.
The new policy has a vision in the electricity sub-sector of a Senegal where competitive,
quality electric power is available in quantity and produced from a diversity of technologies
including especially coal, gas, hydro-electric power, wind energy and solar power. The
Government has thus decided to amplify the renovation and development efforts of the offer
system and transmission/distribution networks as well as management of the demand.
These strategies are in in line with the implementation of the Project.
3.1.3
Institutional framework
3.1.3.1 Energy Division

The Energy Division is in charge of:
Preparing and monitoring the execution of development and energy plans;

Dealing with authorization requests for the prospecting, search and exploitation of
liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons;
Providing the liaison and collaboration with sub-regional bodies operating in the field of
energy;
Scheduling and monitoring the development work for rural and urban electrification in
relation with the parties and structures involved;
Implementing renewable energy development and promotion actions and energy
savings;
Providing administrative and technical control and monitoring petroleum and gas
processing activities and the distribution of petroleum products;
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Monitoring, along with the Electricity Sector Regulatory Commission, the execution of
delegated electricity management contracts;
Monitoring the supply of the domestic market with petroleum products;
Monitoring companies and other autonomous administrative bodies involved in the
energy sector; and
Explaining and monitoring Government policies in the domestic fuel sub-sector and
thereby encouraging cooperation with the local parties involved.
3.1.3.2 Senelec
The Senegal National Electricity Company (SENELEC) is governed by the Ministry of
Energy and was created by Law 83-72 of 5 July 1983. It was converted into a majority Stateowned limited company by Law 98-06 dated 28 January 1998. SENELEC has the
concession for the production, transmission, distribution and sale of electric power and is
also in charge of identifying, financing and constructing new structures in its scope. It is
alone authorized for bulk buying, bulk transmission and sale of electric power throughout the
country. In addition, it is responsible for developing production through recourse to new
generation installations that it owns or by independent production.
SENELEC signed an Energy Purchase Contract (CAE) regarding the Project on 31
December 2013. The CAE states SENELEC's undertaking to purchase all the electric power
generated by the Project at a price agreed by the parties and to be amended during the
twenty-year contract using an indexing coefficient applicable every year. The CAE sets out
the contractual obligations between SENELEC and the Project (calculation of the KWh
purchase price, calculation of the indexing coefficient of this purchase price every year,
description of the technology, case of force majeure, calculation of payments, bank
guarantees, etc.).
3.1.3.3 National Energy Council

The National Energy Council was instituted by Decree 2011-91 of 24 January 2011 under
the implementation of the Plan to Restructure and Relaunch the Energy Sector (PRRSE). It
is under the direct authority of the President of the Republic and is responsible for:
Coordinating, supervising, controlling and assessing the implementation of the PRRSE

and the parties;
Fixing the guidelines, arbitrating, redirecting the measures, financing and all the means
required to implement the Emergency Plan; and
More generally, taking all necessary decisions for the monitoring and smooth
implementation of the PRRSE to culminate in a sustainable recovery of the energy
sector (Art. 2).
The Council is made up of various parties involved in the energy sector.

The National Energy Council set up a permanent secretariat by interministerial Order 1552
dated 15 February 2011. Under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance, the Secretariat is
mainly involved in the following fields:
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Defining the Emergency Plan management chart;
Controlling the implementation of Emergency Plan measures;
Watching over the execution of interventions by all the public or private structures
involved in the implementation of the Emergency Plan; and
Making all useful recommendations to the National Energy Council.
Under its mission, the Project will be part of the portfolio of Energy Production Installations to
which special attention will be paid by the permanent secretariat.
3.1.3.4 Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF)

The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) is responsible for approving the Project as
meeting the macro-economic framework defined in the Guidance Plan for the Economic and
Social Development of Senegal (PODES) and the Poverty Reduction Strategy (SRP). As the
only delegated authorizing body for the State budget, the MEF is responsible for negotiating
with the development partners, including the Project in the budget and the financial
execution through its General Directorates such as the Directorate General for Tax and
Estates (DGID), Directorate General for Customs (DGD), General Directorate for Public
Accounting and the Treasury (DGCPT), the General Directorate for Finance (DGF) and the
Directorate General for Planning (DGP). The MEF initiates the decree relating to the
Project's declaration of public utility.
The MEF is extensively involved in this Project as the only authorizing body delegated by the
State to supply State guarantees, miscellaneous exemptions, etc.
3.1.3.5 Directorate for Town Planning and Architecture (DUA)

The Directorate for Town Planning and Architecture (DUA) is responsible for:
Preparing and installing urban management tools;

Studies, design and implementation of urban planning and schemes and detailed
urban planning and urban development and housing development planning;
Preparing town planning and architecture regulations; and
Implementing and monitoring the restructuring and land regularization policy.
Under this Project, the DUA will be consulted during the preparation of the construction
permit.
3.1.3.6 Directorate for Land-use Surveillance and Control (DSCOS)

The overall mission of the Directorate for Land-use Surveillance and Control is to prevent
and control irregular land use and constructions and to manage related disputes. It is in this
context responsible for:
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Land-use surveillance and control in urban sites and in urban areas and interventions
on site;
Checking the land use;
Assisting local authorities in controlling irregular use and constructions; and
Noting infringements in land use.
3.1.3.7 National Spatial Planning Plan (PNAT)

The National Spatial Planning Plan (PNAT), the planning instrument for our national space,
was adopted in an Interministerial Council for Spatial Planning (CIAT) in 1994. The aim of
the PNAT is to implement a coherent spatial planning policy through firstly, improved
knowledge and promotion of the country's resources and potential and secondly, by serving
as a reference and spatial coherence framework for various sectoral policies. This plan is
supplemented locally by Regional Spatial Planning Schemes (SRAT) and Regional
Integrated Development Plans (PRDI).
3.1.3.8 National Spatial Planning Agency (ANAT)

The National Spatial Planning Agency (ANAT) was created by Decree 2009-1302 of
20 November 2009 and has the status of a public legal entity. It is responsible for
coordinating the implementation of spatial planning strategies provided for by the PNAT and
the implementation of the National Development Programme for the Promotion of Solidarity
and Territorial Competitiveness (PNASCOT).
The agency is governed by the Ministry of Spatial Planning and Local Authorities. ANAT's
missions are to promote and implement government policy on spatial planning, geographical
and mapping work and improving the living environment of populations.
The This PRDI (region on which the Project depends) developed since 2002 and has
gradually incorporated all industrial units listed in the region. The main industrial units
(located near the Project) are as follows: Compagnie Sngalaise des Phosphates de Taba
(CSPT), Socit Sngalaise des Phosphates de Taiba (SSPT), Compagnie de Produits
Chimiques et Matriaux (PROCHIMAT) (chemical products), Cimenterie les CIMENTS DU
SAHEL (cement plant), Industries Chimique du Sngal, ICS (chemicals) and the future
project and future power plant Africa Energy and Tobne Power (TP), respectviely.
The construction of the Project, the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm, in the municipality of the same
name, falls directly within the PNAT policy and thus expands the installation of industrial
activities and the decentralization of economic activities.
3.1.3.9 Regional Development Agency (ARD) of This
Decree 2008-517 of 20 May 2008 lays down the organization and functioning modalities for
Regional Development Agencies. This support structure for the local authorities is
responsible for:
Supporting and facilitating local development planning;

Supporting the consistency of interventions between local authorities in a same region
and also with the national policies and plans; and
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Monitoring and assessing local development programs and action plans (Art. 2).
It is also provides data and studies for all the Taiba Ndiaye development plans.
3.1.3.10 National Climate Change Committee (COMNACC)
The National Climate Change Committee (COMNACC) created by ministerial Order 1220
MEPN/DEEC dated 7 March 2003 intervenes in all areas relating to the activities considered
by the United Nations Framework Agreement on Climate Change and its additional legal
instructions, mainly in the transfer of suitable technologies; protection of biodiversity;
management of the marine and coastal environment and conservation of wetlands, waste
and pollution management; promotion of new and renewable energies; and promotion of
energy efficiency in industry. The final two areas are applicable to the Project.
3.1.3.11 Parties involved in the land acquisition procedures

Various national institutions are involved in the framework of land acquisition and securing
procedures necessary to the Project. These institutions are listed below.
a) Directorate for the Registration of Estates and Stamp Duty which is responsible for
stipulating the opening of the public utility survey to start the expropriation phase. The
Estates Receiver known as the "investigation commissioner" holds the survey file. The
Ministry in charge of estates (in this instance, the Ministry of Economy and Finance), or
if appropriate, the Ministry on which the project to be executed depends, establishes a
report based on which the declaration of public utility is decreed.
b) The Land Registry Directorate is competent for all matters relating to land
development and registry. As such, it is responsible for:
-
Land organization, which includes drawing up land and cadastral documents,

reparcelling, identifying, delimiting and other operations required for the application
of the land and estate regime;
Controlling the occupation of administrative housing developments;
Organizing and maintaining the land registry, which includes the establishment
and storage of cadastral documents, coordination, control and centralization of
topographical work carried out by the public services and private bodies,
reproducing plans and issuing extracts of plans;
Assessing and controlling the rental value of built and non-built properties;
Listing and identifying built and non-built properties and their occupants; and
Revising assessments and listings.
The Land Registry Directorate relies especially on the office for housing developments
and land affairs and the assessment office to implement its mission.
c) State-owned Operations Control Commission (CCOD) is provided for under Article
55 of the State Property Code. The CCOD gives its opinion mainly on the following
land issues:
-
The amount of indemnities to be proposed in terms of expropriation for public utility

purposes;
Recourse to the emergency procedure in terms of expropriation; and
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Regularity and financial conditions of all operations concerning the private domain
of the State, local authorities and public institutions.
d) The Regional Land Assessment Commission exists in all regions. It is responsible

for suggesting values per square meter to be put on registered plots.
e) The Departmental Maintenance Expenditure Assessment Commission is set up in
each department. Its goal is to determine the value of property affected in all land
recovery operations from natural persons or legal entities. It is broken down as follows:
-
Prefect of the Mouane department, Chairman;

Head of the Town Planning department;
Head of the Land Registry department;
Head of the Agriculture department;
Head of the Public Works department;
Representative of the expropriating structure;
Representative of the local authorities involved;
Populations and village associations; and
All natural persons or legal entities, as assessed by the prefect.
Implementation of the Project requires action by the Departmental Maintenance

Expenditure Assessment Commission.
f)
3.2
The National Land Assessment Commission is in charge of assessing the

proposals by regional land assessment commissions.
Supplement regarding the legal and normative framework
3.2.1 Succinct summary of text mentioned in the EIS of 2013.

As presented in the ESIS REV03, Senegal has a whole arsenal of national legislation in
terms of protecting and safeguarding the environment. The following points have been sited:
The law on the Environment Code and the application orders and decrees
supplementing it;
The Health, Water and Forestry Codes;
The Labor Code and its application orders and decrees; and
Law 64-46 of 17 June 1964 relating to the national domain and Law 76-67 of 2 July
1976 relating to the expropriation for public utility purposes and its application decree.
Details on the provisions of these laws, decrees, standards and orders are given in the ESIS
REV03.
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3.2.2 Additional measures

The following additional texts should be added to the provisions listed above:
3.2.2.1 Additional text on Noise

A few relevant points on noise not mentioned in the ESIS REV03 are included below.
Law 2001-01 of 15 January 2001, relating to the Environment Code, Title III, Protection and
Enhancement of Receiving Environments, Article L84 relating to sound pollution, which
stipulates that "noise emissions are prohibited that are likely to be detrimental to human
health, constitute excessive annoyance for the neighborhood or undermine the environment.
The natural persons or legal entities behind these emissions must do everything possible to
eradicate them. Where warranted by urgency, the Minister for Environment, in conjunction
with the Minister for Interior and the Ministry of Armed Forces, must take all enforcement
measures intended without consultation to stop the disorder".
Title VI, Article R84 of Decree 2001-82 of 12 April 2001 stipulates that the maximum noise
thresholds that should not be exceeded without exposing the human body to harmful
consequences are fifty-five (55) to sixty (60) decibels during the day and forty (40) decibels
at night".
Decree 2006-1252 of 15 November 2006 setting the minimum prevention requirements for
certain physical environmental factors (Chapter IV - Noise). Articles 13 and 14 are of
particular significance:
Art. 13. - The noise exposure level must be as low as possible and remain within an
intensity limit that does not run the risk of adversely affecting the health of workers,
particularly their hearing. To achieve this result, the employer must, in particular:
-
Opt for the least noisy manufacturing processes;

Reduce the noise emitted by the professional equipment, especially machinery, at
source;
Isolate, in specific rooms, noisy equipment that requires a limited number of
workers to operate;
Avoid diffusing noise from one workshop to the next;
Lay out the work premises so that noise reverberating on the glass walls or ceiling
is reduced; and
Organize the work so that the employees are well away from the noise.
Art. 14. - The daily noise exposure level experienced by a worker throughout his
working day must not exceed eighty-five (85) A-weighted decibels (dB(A)). If it is not
technically possible to reduce the daily noise exposure level below 85 dB(A), the
employer must make suitable individual protection equipment available to employees.
The employer must also make sure that this equipment is actually used. This limit of
85 dB(A), which is required for the use of personal protective equipment, may be
lowered depending on the nature of work (intellectual or other sorts of work) requiring
concentration.
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Given the existing noise regulations, the project developer should comply with the
following provisions throughout the project:
-
At the nearest villages (targets): the maximum audible thresholds that should not
be exceeded will be fifty-five (55) dBA during the day and forty (40) dBA) at night4.
Taking these noise-related values into account in the choice of personal and
collective protective equipment and of machinery and equipment in both the
3.2.2.2 Additional decrees to the Water Code

In addition to Law 81-13 of 4 March 1981 relating to the Water Code, the developer should
ensure compliance with the various application decrees of the 1981 Water Code, especially:
Decree 98-555 of 25 June 1998 on the application of the provisions of the Water Code
relating to the construction permits and use of catchment structures.
Compliance with the provisions of this decree is essential under the Project. This
project requires substantial amounts of water, mainly in the construction phase, when
making 46 solid concrete foundation blocks of 700 to 800 m35 and creating 34 km of
access roads.
Decree 98-556 of 25 June 1998 on the application of the provisions of the Water Code
relating to the policing of water, both surface water and groundwaters. The decree
provides for measures to control water pollution and water regeneration to satisfy
certain demands, including those relating to the supply of drinking water to populations,
the biological life of the receiving environment and specially the birdlife, the protection
of sites and water conservation.
This decree applies to the Project. All measures to prevent water pollution must be
taken.
3.2.2.3 Application Decree 98-164 on the application of the Forestry Code

As a supplement to Law 98-03 of 8 January 1998 on the Forestry Code, the Project should
ensure compliance with the provisions set out in application Decree 98-164 of 20 February
1998 prohibiting any excavation altering the soil and forest formations in classified forests,
except if authorized by the Minister for Water and Forests.
The developer should ensure compliance with the planned procedure for land clearance and
with the ban on depositing rubble, garbage, plastic material, greasy paper, detergents and
refuse of any kind in the classified forests and reforestation areas (Art. 44), mainly in the belt
of causarinas at Darou Khoudoss (reforestation area located 6 km from the Project site) and
the classified forest of Pire Goureye (located 12 km from the Project site).
4
5
IFC-EHS guideline - page 53-April 2007

Currently being assessed with the developer
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Under the terms of Article L.44, any excavation altering the soil and the forest formations
must be authorized by the Chairman of the Regional Council on the advice of the Rural
Council involved. However, authorization can only be granted subject to a file including
mainly a report from the Water and Forest department, an environmental impact study, the
assessment of reinstatement costs for the location, the assessment of taxes to be paid
before any trees are felled, a location plan and maps of the vegetation, soils and surface
water including runoff water.
The Project should comply with the stipulations of the Code in terms of land clearance,
partially-protected species that cannot be felled without authorization from the Water and
Forests department (Art. R.61) and fully-protected species that cannot be touched.
The Project is also covered by this decree in the context of land clearance for the release of
land taken by the future Project structures (i.e., positioning of access roads and wind
turbines).
3.2.2.4 Mining Code and its application decree

The mining of mineral resources in the Senegal sub-soil is governed by Law 2003-36 of
24 November 2003 and its application decree 2004-647 of 17 May 2004.
Article 8, sub-paragraph 1 of Law 2003-36 of 24 November 2003 relating to the Mining Code
states that "open cast mining of unconsolidated materials and the gathering of materials
intended for the purpose of construction or public works can be authorized temporarily under
the decreed conditions". This authorization is only granted for a maximum period of six
months, renewable once.
The Project could be concerned by this decree if the developer has to remove materials from
local or distant quarries as brought-in supplies (i.e., sand, laterite and gravel).
3.2.2.5 Text on occupational health, hygiene and safety

The following additional texts are not taken into account under the ESIS REV03 and apply to
the Project:
Law 73-37 of 10 March 1997 amended on the Safety Code deals with accidents at
work and occupational illnesses in its Title II and gives indications and guidelines to be
considered during project implementation;
Decree 2006-1255 of 15 November 2006 on the legal intervention means of the Labor
Inspectorate in the field of occupational health and safety;
Decree 2006-1259 of 15 November 2006 on the safety sign measures at work during
both the construction and the operating phase;
Decree 94-244 of 07 March 1994 laying down the organization and functioning
modalities for occupational health and safety committees;
General Order 8845 IGTLS: AOF (French West Africa) of 15 November 1955, listing
the establishments where unsanitary or dirty work is carried out and the conditions
under which shower baths are made available to the personnel in these
establishments; and
Law 2010-03 of 9 April 2010 relating to HIV AIDS.
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3.2.2.6 Text on decentralization

The ESIS REV03 only mentions Act III of the decentralization that henceforth only retains
two levels of community in Senegal: the municipality and the department.
However, the following prior laws that were used to validate the impact study have not been
listed. These laws are as follows:
a) Laws 96-06 and 97-07 of 22 March 1996
It can be considered when taking Act III of the decentralization into account that these
decrees transfer part of the authority of regions to the municipalities in terms of environment
and management of natural resources (EGRN).
b) Decree 96-1134 of 27 December 1996
This decree relates to the transfer of skills to the regions, municipality and rural communities
in terms of environment and management of natural resources. It provides for the rural
council to give its opinion throughout the commodo and incommodo survey when an
installation must function within the boundaries of a Communaut Rurale (i.e., municipality)
(Art. 41).
Under this Project, the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye should, therefore, be involved in the
process of constructing the classified installation.
3.2.3 Other measures

3.2.3.1 Regulations for historical monuments, excavations and discoveries
Law 71-12 of 25 September 1971 sets out the regulations for historical monuments,
excavations and discoveries. It is supplemented by Decree 73-746 of 8 August 1973.
The first article of this law states "objects which are classified as historical monuments,
public or private, movable or immovable property, including natural monuments and sites
and old stations or deposits for which the preservation or conservation is of historical,
artistic, scientific, legendary or picturesque interest".
Under the Order of 12 September 2007 on publication of the list of classified sites and
historical monuments, most sites classified in the department of Tivaouane are religious
sites. No site is involved in the Project area. Nevertheless, the stipulations of this code
should be taken into account, especially during excavations resulting from the construction
of 34 km of access roads.
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3.2.3.2 Town Planning Code

The Town Planning Code is not deemed relevant in the ESIS REV03.
The Town Planning Code is a result of Law 2008-42 of 20 August 2008, supplemented by
Decree 2009-1450 of 30 December 2009. The regulatory part of the Code contains a
chapter III devoted to industrial establishments and a chapter IV on classified
establishments. In this context, industrial-use buildings should be built in areas set aside for
this purpose by urban development plans or schemes (Art. 359). All plots on which an
industrial building is to be built must have a minimum surface area of 500 m2 capable of
containing a quadrilateral of 150 m having excluded yard and reversing requirements and a
street faade at least 20 m long. The yard spaces must not be less than 5 m from the side
and back separating limits.
The Code provides for a distance between two buildings of no less than half the height of the
highest of the two buildings, with a minimum of 5 m. Between two faades, where one at
least has windows serving to light or ventilate the working premises, the distance can be no
less than the height of the one facing these windows with a minimum of 10 m. The
construction surface area must not exceed 60% of the total area of the plot of land on which
the construction must be built. If factory chimneys are planned, they should rise at least 10 m
above neighboring roofs in a 100 m radius (Art. R.363).
Any authorization to build a classified installation is subject to the prior authorization of
departments from the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Civil Protection (Art.
R.367), indicating all the necessary information as per Article R.368 of the Code. In addition,
Article R.38 on the Town Planning Master Plan requires that the graphic documents show
the classified installations under the Environment Code.
The project developer will have to apply these stipulations to obtain the construction permit
and erect the Project, including the construction of various storage, control or maintenance
buildings for the wind turbines and the interconnection station.
3.2.3.3 Sanitation Code

This is the result of Law 2009-24 of 8 July 2009 covering the Sanitation Code. The
Sanitation Code deals with the system of industrial effluents in Chapter IV, Section III. Thus,
if a public sewer is accessible less than sixty meters from a location producing industrial
effluents, the evacuation system from this location must be connected to the public sewer
(Art. 52). It is mandatory for any classified installation likely to discharge polluted water to
attach to its application for a construction permit a file describing the type of activity, the
treatment system that it intends to install to comply with the provisions of this law and the
commitment to comply with the clean-up standards laid down by the various codes and their
application texts (Art. 53).
All provisions for managing industrial water (Art. R.19-26) are detailed in application Decree
2011-245 of 17 February 2011 of the law on the Sanitation Code. Under this Project, all
these sanitation obligations should be respected by the developer in dealing with industrial
effluents in operating and maintenance phases (if there are collection pits or a treatment or
pre-treatment system).
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3.2.3.4 Order and decrees relating to the chemical risks

Decree 2006-1257 of 15 November 2006 setting the minimum requirements for protection
against chemical risks.
The Project will use a variety of chemical products during the construction and operating
phases. Measures to protect the personnel from the risks inherent to the use of these
products must be introduced and comply with the stipulations of the decree mentioned
above.
3.2.3.5 Text relating to the land

Land regime
The land regime in Senegal is organized by various texts that determine three land
categories: national property, State-owned property and privately-owned property.In addition
to
Law 64-46 of 17 June 1964 relating to national property and Law 76-66 of 2 July 1976 on the
State Property Code (CDE) already quoted in EIS REV03, the following legislative texts must
also be considered:
Law 2002-01 of 10 January 2002 mainly repealing Chapter IV of Law 98-29 of 14 April 1998
on the cleanliness of generation, transmission and distribution installations, that lays out in
its Article 29 (cleanliness system): "the following are owned by the State:
Existing generation facilities on the effective date of this Act and the property rights
attached to them acquired by SENELEC as part of the operation of the public electricity
grid;
Public electricity transmission and distribution sub-stations and the property rights
attached to them and, in general, the existing structures on the effective date of this
Act and to be constructed by SENELEC, that it requires to carry out its activity of
transmission and supply of electric power; and
The existing power lines, including their supports, anchoring devices, supply lines,
coupling or adaptation equipment and their outbuildings.
Law 2011-07 of 30 March 2011 on the land ownership regime and organizing the privatelyowned property that is constituted of registered land belonging to private individuals. This
law repeals the decree of 26 July 1932 reorganizing the property system in French West
Africa and allows a land title to be obtained for some land.
Law 76-67 of 2 July 1976 relating to expropriation for public utility purposes.
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3.2.4 Supplement to the international and community legal framework

3.2.4.1 International legal framework
The ESIS REV03 takes into account the international conventions ratified by Senegal and
which, therefore, are part of applicable legal texts. The ESIS REV03 also describes all of the
International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards (six are applicable) and
applicable World Bank Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, which are
requirements of international financial institutions. As stated in the ESIS REV03, the Project
should comply with the requirements of international financial institutions and especially the
applicable IFC Performance Standards (1-6) and World Bank EHS Guidelines.
The Equator Principles III (2013) also apply to the Project.
It is important to add the laws and conventions below to the conventions mentioned in the
ESIS REV03, as some are ratified by Senegal and others are GIIPs required by financial
institutions:
a) Law 2004-27 of 26 July 2004
It authorizes the President of the Republic to ratify the African Energy Commission
Convention adopted in Lusaka (Zambia).
The aim of this convention is to allow the African States to remedy serious power shortages
that hamper their industrial development efforts.
The convention states in Article 4(m) that it must assist in the development, operation and
use of new and renewable energy sources.
The Project is working in this direction by participating in the reduction of the energy gap with
clean energy.
b) Applicable ILO conventions
Senegal has ratified several conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
In accordance with the requirements of IFC PS02, the following conventions are applicable:
ILO conventions: 87, 98, 29, 105, 138, 182, 100 and 111;
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 32.1) and on the protection of rights
of all migrant workers and their families.
The Project will introduce a human resources policy consistent with the size of the project
before work starts. This policy will comply with the country's requirements and the IFC PS02
guidelines.
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3.2.4.2 Community framework (WAEMU)

Various texts relating to the energy and environment sector have been adopted under the
community framework and are part of the legal arsenal to be taken into account in the
execution of the Project. These texts are as follows:
The additional Act 04-2001 of 19 December 2001 on adopting the community policy of
the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The objectives of this act
are to:
-
Ensure the safety of the Union's energy supplies;

Promote and ensure optimum management of the Union's energy resources by
systematic interconnection of grids and building community structures;
Promote renewable energies;
Promote energy efficiency; and
Develop and improve access by rural populations in the Union to energy services
and help to protect the environment.
Decision 02/2009/CM/WAEMU dated 27 March 2009 on creating, organizing and

operating the Regional Committee of Regulators. This decision is responsible for
assisting the Commission to prepare and apply community texts on policy
harmonization, legislation, regulations and regulation practices in the energy sector.
The Committee thus provides support, mainly to monitor the application of actions by
the Union in the energy sector and to coordinate and cooperate in managing
infrastructures and supplies of energy services in the Union.
Decision 6-2009 CM-WAEMU dated 25 September 2009 on adopting the WAEMU
strategy entitled "Regional Initiative for Sustainable Energy" (RISE). This decision is a
WAEMU initiative to provide appropriate responses to the energy crisis in the member
States by entering into a strategic approach towards finding optimum and sustainable
solutions in the medium and long term, namely building up production capacities and
ultimately using alternative energy sources.
Decision 07/2009/CM/WAEMU dated 25 September 2009 on the implementation
modalities of the strategy entitled "Regional Initiative for Sustainable Energy" (RISE).
Decision 08/2009/CM/WAEMU of 25 September 2009 on creating the Energy
Development Fund (EDF).
Decision 02/2012/CM/WAEMU of 10 May 2012 on creating, organizing and operating
the Regional Committee of producers, transmission companies and distributors of
electric power of the WAEMU member States.
Decision A/DEC.3/5/82 of 29 May 1982 of the Conference of Heads of State and
Government of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) relating to
the ECOWAS energy policy.
Law 2006-15 of 30 June 2003 authorizing the President of the Republic to ratify the
ECOWAS Protocol A-P4-1-03 on Energy, adopted in Dakar on 21 January 2003. The aim is
to establish a legal framework to promote long-term cooperation in the field of energy and is
founded on complementarities and mutual advantages, with a view to increasing investment
in the energy sector and expanding energy trade in West Africa. Article 19 of the Protocol on
the environment invites each contracting party to "reduce to a minimum, in an economically
efficient manner, any impact harmful to the environment, produced inside or outside its area
by all energy cycle operations conduced in this area, ensuring compliance with safety
standards".
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Area of Influence
This chapter describes the areas of influence (or study areas) and the villages, as well as the
persons and properties affected by the Project within these various areas of influence.
4.1
Areas of influence and villages impacted
4.1.1 Definition of areas of influence

The Project's environmental and social impact assessment requires a definition of its areas
of influence in accordance with the recommendations of IFC PS01.
Three areas of influence have been defined under the ESIS REV03. These areas have been
first defined in accordance with the stipulations taken from the Guide for Environmental
Impact Studies of Wind Farms (Definition of study areas) from the French Ministry of
Ecology and Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea. The three areas are:
The immediate area of influence;

The close area of influence (area located near clusters of wind turbines and including
the transport routes); and
The distant study area (that incorporates the municipalities around the project).
To take into account modifications to the Project (i.e., change in the number and location of
wind turbines) and recommendations of IFC PS01, the limits of each of these areas have
been redefined so as to consider all areas likely to be affected by the Project, the related
installations and the areas potentially affected by cumulative impacts.
Note that only two areas of influence are defined under IFC PS01:
The direct area of influence: this area groups the immediate and close areas of
influence (as defined under the French methodology),
The indirect area of influence: this area can be assimilated with the distance study
area(as defined in the French methodology).
To maintain consistency with the ESIS REV03, the areas of influence listed below used the
terminology from the French methodology. The definition of these three areas nevertheless
matches the recommendations of IFC PS01. (See Figure 10 below for the cross-referencing
between the terminologies for the French standards (NF) and IFC standards).
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CORRELATION OF THE AREA OF INFLUENCE DEFINITIONS BETWEEN THE FRENCH METHODOLOGY

AND THE IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARD PS01
French Methodology
IFC PS01
Distant Area of Influence
Indirect Area of Influence
Close Area of Influence

Direct Area of Influence
Immediate Area of Influence
Industrial facilities
Village
Wind turbine
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4.1.1.1 The immediate area of influence

The definition of the immediate area of influence has taken into account the footprint of main
structures (i.e, positioning of future wind turbines) and the surface area where hazardous
phenomena are likely to occur. This surface area has been assessed in accordance with the
hazard study by Vestas, which highlighted the following hazards:
Wind turbine collapse (24% occurrence);
Breaking blade (38% occurrence);
Falling and breaking blade taking off (5%); and
Fire (33%).
These data and the wind turbine model considered under this project determined the direct
impact surface areas on the ground included in Table 1.
Table 1: Impact area vs adverse events
Adverse Events
Direct impact area in m
Reach
Collapse
Component falling
from the wind turbine
Blade or piece of blade flying

through the air over the area
922 m
124 m
114 m
R= 180 m
R= 126 m
R= 500 m (max.)
As shown in Error! Reference source not found. below, and taking into account distances
for the various scenarios considered, the direct impact areas correspond to distances
reached of between 180 m and 500 m.
To take account of all scenarios studied and in accordance with the stipulations of the
Ministry of Environment of the State of Senegal relating to industrial units and
recommending compliance with a safety distance of 500 m, the immediate area of influence
has been calculated based on a reach of 500 m around each wind turbine.
Ultimately, the surface area of each immediate area of influence is estimated to be 2 200 ha
or 22 km.
Error! Reference source not found. below shows the immediate areas of influence in five
clusters of wind turbines. Note that there are no villages in the Project's immediate area of
influence. A small number of people will only be present periodically (i.e., during mango and
other crop cultivation, soil preparation and picking periods, and also for cattle grazing).
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4.1.1.2 Close area of influence

Sound, visual and other effects and the risks from the construction of wind turbine clusters
and other infrastructures are potentially present or perceptible in this area. The area includes
the villages in a radius of 2 km around wind turbine clusters and also the transport routes.
The area is outlined in red on Error! Reference source not found.. It encompasses five
wind turbine clusters, the access roads and the cultivation lands.
This close area of influence includes 33 villages. Table 2 below gives the characteristics of
these villages in relation to the positioning of wind turbines, the municipality to which they
belong and their status.
The close area of influence (DAI as per IFC PS01) also includes the roads between Dakar
and the Project site that will be used for the transportation of equipment, as well as the roads
between the quarries and the Project site (see Error! Reference source not found.).
Table 2: Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the closest wind
turbines
ID
Village
Closest Wind
turbine
Distance in
km
Municipality
Status
(Presence of
PAP)
Diamballo
E01
1,4
Darou Khoudoss
No
Keur Saliou BA
E01
1,6
Taiba NDIAYE
No
Ndeunoute
E01
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
Keur Demba Diallo
E03
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Darou Dia
E03
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Ndomor
E08
1,5
Taiba NDIAYE
No
Taiba Khab
E38
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
Balsandre (Bal Samb)
E09
0,96
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
Mourdjiguene
E09
0,826
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
10
Baal Gueye
E09
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
11
NDiop Sao
E09
1,2
Darou Khoudoss
Yes
12
Thierno Ndiaye
E10
1,3
Taiba NDIAYE
No
13
Sao Mkh 1
E10
1,6
Darou Khoudoss
No
14
Sao Mkh 2
E11
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
15
Taiba Ndiaye
E18
2,6
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
16
Mrina Samb
E19
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
17
Sao2
E19
1,7
Darou Khoudoss
No
18
Thiss III
E19
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
19
Khelcom (Baal Diop)
E12
1,04
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
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Table 2: Villages in the close area of influence and their distance from the closest wind
turbines
ID
Village
Closest Wind
turbine
Distance in
km
Municipality
Status
(Presence of
PAP)
20
Baty Guye
E31
1,4
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
21
Taiba Santhie
E31
1,4
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
22
Baty Ndiaye
E31
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
23
Taiba Mbaye
E37
0,86
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
24
Ndiamba
E37
1,6
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
25
Macka Gueye Bye
E40
0,96
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
26
Keur Mall Ndiaye
E38
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
27
Miname
E38
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
No
28
Daf2
E38
1,8
Taiba NDIAYE
No
29
Daf1
E38
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
No
30
Djingue
E38
2,5
Taiba NDIAYE
No
31
Keur Assane Ndiaye
E46
1,2
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
32
Keur Madiagne
E46
1,7
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
33
Same Ndiaye
E46
1,9
Taiba NDIAYE
Yes
4.1.1.3 Extended area of influence

The effects of the Project are potentially perceptible in this area. The area takes account of
indirect effects and areas potentially affected by the cumulative impacts resulting from the
cumulative effect on the areas or resources used. For this project, the area corresponds to a
radius of 15 km around the Project area.
The extended area of influence encompasses the municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye, Darou
Khoudoss, Noto Gouye Diama, Mouane, Pire Goureye, Cherif Lo and Mont Roland.
The area is shown on Error! Reference source not found..
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Figure 12 : Municipalities within the extended area of influence plus roads between
Dakar and the site for transporting equipment RN, departmental roads
D704 and D704 C
This area is also home to the following industries and infrastructures:
Part of the Grande Cte Operations (GCO) property that runs for 106 km along the
coast. This property relates to the company that mines zircon and ilmenite along the
large coast (mine extraction has started near Diogo).
The Senegal chemical industries (ICS).
The Senelec interconnection station (Tobne).
In addition, the following projects are currently under development:
A project for a Tobne Power combustion plant running on heavy fuel oil (70 MW). The
Power plant is currently under construction.
A project for an African Energy coal-fired plant of 360 MW located at Darou Khoudoss.
The proponent has already signed the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with
Senelec.
A project of phosphoric acid production by the company African Investment Group. The
site remains to be determined with the DEEC and the directorate of Mines.
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The distance between these existing and future industrial units and the closest wind turbines
are given in Table 3 below.
Table 3: Distance between the Project and the existing or future industrial
infrastructures
Projects
Distance from the wind

turbines (km)
Status
Industrial units and projects within the extended study area

ICS property
Operational
MDL property
Operational
Senelec power sub-station
1.21
Operational
Africa Energy coal-fired plant
2.4
Work not started
Tobne Power plant
1.09
Under construction
4.1.2 Identification of villages impacted in the different areas of influence

Based on the cadastre rural report issued by Labosol in September 2015 regarding the
assessment of the extent of land loss per affected person in the local communities impacted
by the PETN Project (see Annex E), 266 villages and hamlets are home to people engaged
in livelihood-related activities which are likely to be impacted by the Project in the installation
area, these people are referred to in this ESIS Addendum as Persons Affected by the
Project (PAP). The main activities PAP engage in on the Project site are agricultural
production and cattle grazing.
In addition to identifying the PAP, Labosol has determined the number of properties within
the Project site where PAP activity occurs (listed in Table 4 and Table 5), and these
properties are referred to in this ESIS Addendum as Properties Impacted by the Project
(PIP).
Based on the cadastre rural report (see Annex E), a total of 341 PAP and 459 PIP were
identified. The difference between both numbers is explained by the fact that some PAP own
more than one property that will be impacted by the Project. Detailed information regarding
the extent of the Project impact on PAP livelihood is presented in chapter 10.
The villages in the three areas of influence are listed below:
4.1.2.1 Villages in the immediate area of influence

No villages are located in the immediate area of influence.
In the Labosol report, Khelcom and Bal Diop are one and the same village. There are 26 villaes and some
hamlets (without names) See Table in Annex G.
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4.1.2.2 Villages with PAP in the close area of influence (direct)

Villages that are home to PAP within the close area of influence are located in the
municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye (sixteen villages) and Darou Khoudoss (four villages).
4.1.2.3 Villages with PAP in the extended area of influence (indirect)

Villages that are home to PAP within the extended area of influence are located in the
municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye (three), Noto Gouye Diama (two) and Darou Khoudoss (one).
This involves:
For the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye: Keur Mambaye Khary, Keur Mbaye Seneba and
Mbayene III;
For the municipality of Noto Gouye Diama: Baty Bacar and Baity Dakhar; and
For the municipality of Darou Khoudoss: Sao1.
Error! Reference source not found. below shows the spatial distribution of villages and
PAP in the extended area of influence.
Figure 13 : Villages home to PAP within the Project area
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4.1.2.4 People impacted per village in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye

The Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye includes sixteen villages and hamlets in the close area and
three villages in the extended area of influence where PAP have been listed.
The PAP total 309 (i.e., 91 % of PAP), and are broken down per village as indicated in Table
4 below:
No.
Villages
Number of PAP
Baty Gueye
17
Baty Ndiaye
Bal Diop
11
Bal Gueye
Darou Dia
Keur Assane Ndiaye
Keur Demba
Keur Madiagne
17
Keur Mall
10
Keur Mambaye Khary
11
Keur Mbaye Seneba
12
Maka Gaye Beye
13
Mbayene 3
28
14
Sam Ndiaye
15
Taiba Khab
16
Taiba Mbaye
52
17
TaibaNndiaye
62
18
Taiba Santhie
65
19
Khelcom
24
20
Hamlets
Total
309
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4.1.2.5 Villages and people impacted outside the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
The other seven villages that are home to PAP are split between the municipalities of Noto
Gouye Diama and Darou Khoudoss and belong to the extended area of influence (see Table
5 below). They number 32 out of 341 PAP (i.e., around 9 % of PAP).
No.
Villages
PAP
Municipality
Baty Bacar
Noto Gouye Diama
Baty Dakhar
Noto Gouye Diama
Bal sand
Darou Khoudoss
Mbourdjiguene
Darou Khoudoss
Merina samb
Darou Khoudoss
Ndiop sao
Darou Khoudoss
Sao
11
Darou Khoudoss
TOTAL
32
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4.1.2.6 Villages in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye not directly impacted

Seventeen (17) villages in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye are not home to PAP but will
benefit indirectly from the Project (e.g., employment, impact of taxes to be paid by PETN,
use of access roads).The list is provided in Table 6 below:
Table 6: Villages of Taiba Ndiaye in the direct and
indirect areas of influence and without PAP
No.
Villages
Area of influence
Daf1
direct
Daf2
direct
Djingue
direct
Keur Saliou Ba
direct
Miname
direct
Ndiamba
direct
Ndomor
direct
Thierno Ndiaye
direct
Gade
indirect
10
Keur Birama Fatim
indirect
11
Keur Magueye
indirect
12
Keur Samba Awa
indirect
13
Maka Dieng
indirect
14
Ndame LO
indirect
15
Ndoyne Bar (Ndoyne II)
indirect
16
Ngomne,
indirect
17
Thiall
indirect
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Socio-economic Baselines Conditions
The aim of this chapter is to complete the basic socio-economic data presented in ESIS
REV03 of October 2014. Although basic national and regional socio-economic data are well
documented in the ESIS REV03 and still valid, little information is given at the local level.
The additional information provided in this chapter is taken from the 2013-2018 Local
Development Plan (PLD) prepared in April 2013. The PLD results from the collaboration
between the Francophone Local Development Support Programme (PROFADEL) run by the
International Organization of the Francophonie (OIF) with technical support from the Higher
Local Development Institute (ISDL) and the This Regional Development Agency (ARD).
The PLD was prepared to serve as a rural community planning tool for the Municipality of
Taiba Ndiaye and has the following objectives:
to support and facilitate local development planning;

to support the consistency of interventions between local authorities in the same region
and also with the national strategies of the Government of Senegal for development of
the country; and
to monitor and assess local development programs and action plans.
The 2003 data presented in this section was provided by the Mouane Local Development
Support Centre (CADL) and was includedin the Taiba Ndiaye PLD of 2003.
The 2011 data was obtained from the administrative census of the population conducted in
July 2011 and developed for the CADL of Mouane.
5.1
Geographical location
As previously mentioned, the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye is located in the region of This,
department of Tivaouane, district of Mouane and includes 357 villages following the
inclusion of the villages of Selco and Keur Bacar in the department of Tivaouane.
The Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye covers an area of 155 km and had an estimated
population of 28,962 in 20128, i.e. a density of 187 inhabitants per km (source: the
administrative census)9.
5.1.1 Location of PAP

10
There are 309 Persons Affected by the Project (PAP) living in 19 of the 35 villages of the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. 32 PAPs living in villages belonging to the municipalities of
Darou Khoudoss and Noto Gouye Diama also have fields in the Project's DAI.
91% of the total PAP are living in the 19 villages within the Municipality of Taiba NDiaye,
however 100% of the affected property is located within the confines of the municipality of
7
8
9
Taiba Ndiaye PLD reference Period 2013-2018 (April 2013), page 9

During this census, the villages of Selco and Keur Bocar were still part of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
During this census, the villages of Selco and Keur Bocar were still part of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
10
According to the most recent data, presented in the Cadastre Rural Report From the Labosol Company
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Taiba Ndiaye. 16 of the villages are located in the Project DAI and 3 in the IAI. The others
villages of Taiba NDiaye (which do not have any PAP) are located either in the DAI (8) or in
the IAI (9).
For PAP living in the IAI: in addition to the villages that are home to PAP within the
Municipality of Taiba NDiaye (three), the IAI includes PAP who are living in the
municipalities of Noto Gouye Diama (two) and Darou Khoudoss (one). These six villages are
identified below:
Three for theMunicipality of Taiba Ndiaye: Keur Mambaye Khary, Keur Mbaye Seneba
and Mbayene III;
Two for the municipality of Noto Gouye Diama: Baty Bacar and Baity Dakhar; and
One for the municipality of Darou Khoudoss: Sao1.
For further information, see data detailed in the Cadastre Rural Report produced by Labosol
(see Annex E).
5.1.2 Population evolution between 2003 and 2011

Given the fact that the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye is home to 91 of the PAPs, data from this
municipality were used to describe population demography and other socioeconomic
characteristics within the DAI.
The population growth rate in the villages in the Project's DAI has been assessed in
accordance with the available data (see CADL data of 2003 and PLD data of 2012).
Demographic data for the population located within the DAI and for the Municipality of Taiba
Ndiaye are included in Table 7 below.
Table 7: Population evolution between 2003 and 2011
Population evolution in the Project area between 2003 and 2011
Category
2003
2011
average annual growth rate
Men
10 311
12 889
2,8%
Women
11 260
12 666
1,5%
TOTAL
21 571
25 555
2,1%
Population evolution in the Municipality between 2003 and 2012

Category
Men and women
11
12
2003
21 571
2012
28 962
average annual growth rate

11
This value includes the population of Selco and Keur Bocar

This value takes into account deduction of the population of Selco and Tivaouane
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2,4%
12
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ESIS Addendum
During this period (between 2003 and 2012), the population in the Municipality of Taiba
Ndiaye grew by about 2.4 %, as compared with the national demographic growth rate of
close to 3% per year.
Table 8 below provides the results of the population census of the Municipality of Taiba
Ndiaye during the execution of the PLD in 2013.
Table 8: Taiba Ndiaye villages (Source : 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD 2013-2018 Action
Plan)
Number of
villages
Total
population
Area of Niayes
Keur Madiagne, Keur Assane Ndiaye, Baity

Ndiaye, Baity Gueye, Sam Ndiaye, Khelcom,
Maka Gueye Bye, Baal Gueye, Thino
Ndiaye, Keur Demba Diallo, Keur Saliou Ba,
Darou Dia and Ndame LO
13
5,885
Industrial area
Gade, Daf1, Daf2, Ndomor, Djingu,

Ngomne, Maka Dieng and Keur Magueye
7,734
Continental area
Taiba Ndiaye, Taiba Mbaye, Taiba Santhie,

Taiba Khab, Mbayene 3, Keur Mbaye Snba,
Keur Birama Fatim, Minam, Keur Mall
Ndiaye, Keur Mambaye Khary, Keur Samba
Awa, Ndiamba, Keur Bacar, Selco and
Thiall. Ndoyne Bar
16
18,243
TOTAL
37
Areas
Village
13
28,962
Table 9 below, groups the demographic data for the Project area between 2003 and 2011
and illustrates the population evolution during this period.
13
In this census, the villages of Selco and Keur Bocar were still part of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
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Table 9: Population distribution per village inhabited by the majority of PAP

Men
Village
2003
2011
Women
Simple growth
rate
Annual
growth rate
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003
2011
Totals per village
Simple
growth rate
Annual growth
rate
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003
2011
Simple growth
rate
Annual growth
rate
2003-2011
2003-2011
Baity Gueye
210
363
72,9%
7,1%
202
354
75,2%
7,3%
412
717
74,0%
7,2%
Baity Ndiaye
279
385
38,0%
4,1%
299
395
32,1%
3,5%
578
780
34,9%
3,8%
Ball Gueye
100
82
-18,0%
-2,5%
82
1540,0%
41,9%
105
164
56,2%
5,7%
Daff Bambara
100
123
23,0%
2,6%
89
118
32,6%
3,6%
189
241
27,5%
3,1%
Daff Wolof
97
120
23,7%
2,7%
81
124
53,1%
5,5%
178
244
37,1%
4,0%
Darou Dia
141
187
32,6%
3,6%
137
177
29,2%
3,3%
278
364
30,9%
3,4%
Djingu
393
488
24,2%
2,7%
388
454
17,0%
2,0%
781
942
20,6%
2,4%
Gade
172
205
19,2%
2,2%
137
134
-2,2%
-0,3%
309
339
9,7%
1,2%
Keur Assane Ndiaye
117
148
26,5%
3,0%
99
155
56,6%
5,8%
216
303
40,3%
4,3%
10
Keur Birama Fatim
25
31
24,0%
2,7%
20
38
90,0%
8,4%
45
69
53,3%
5,5%
11
Keur Demba Diallo
36
48
33,3%
3,7%
32
41
28,1%
3,1%
68
89
30,9%
3,4%
12
Keur Madiagne
432
663
53,5%
5,5%
394
676
71,6%
7,0%
826
1339
62,1%
6,2%
13
Keur Maguye
200
257
28,5%
3,2%
185
223
20,5%
2,4%
385
480
24,7%
2,8%
14
Keur Mall
455
544
19,6%
2,3%
456
507
11,2%
1,3%
911
1051
15,4%
1,8%
15
Keur Mambaye Khary
179
228
27,4%
3,1%
160
204
27,5%
3,1%
339
432
27,4%
3,1%
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Men
Village
2003
2011
Women
Totals per village
Simple growth
Annual
Simple
Annual growth
Simple growth
Annual growth
rate
growth rate
growth rate
rate
rate
rate
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003
2011
2003
2011
18
Keur Samba Awa
206
263
27,7%
3,1%
178
248
39,3%
4,2%
384
511
33,1%
3,6%
19
Khelcom
382
472
23,6%
2,7%
412
482
17,0%
2,0%
794
954
20,2%
2,3%
20
Maka Dieng
175
230
31,4%
3,5%
175
225
28,6%
3,2%
350
455
30,0%
3,3%
21
Maka Gueye Bye
234
281
20,1%
2,3%
209
246
17,7%
2,1%
443
527
19,0%
2,2%
22
Mbayene 3
695
789
13,5%
1,6%
605
839
38,7%
4,2%
1300
1628
25,2%
2,9%
23
Minam
402
472
17,4%
2,0%
386
496
28,5%
3,2%
788
968
22,8%
2,6%
24
Ndam L
49
57
16,3%
1,9%
43
56
30,2%
3,4%
92
113
22,8%
2,6%
25
Ndiamba
105
129
22,9%
2,6%
98
134
36,7%
4,0%
203
263
29,6%
3,3%
26
Ngomne
195
243
24,6%
2,8%
177
235
32,8%
3,6%
372
478
28,5%
3,2%
27
Ndomor
690
787
14,1%
1,7%
694
768
10,7%
1,3%
1384
1555
12,4%
1,5%
28
Ndoyene
173
143
-17,3%
-2,4%
143
135
-5,6%
-0,7%
316
278
-12,0%
-1,6%
29
Sam Ndiaye
63
106
68,3%
6,7%
45
91
102,2%
9,2%
108
197
82,4%
7,8%
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Men
Village
#
30
Taba Khab
31
2003
2011
Women
Totals per village
Simple growth
Annual
Simple
Annual growth
Simple growth
Annual growth
rate
growth rate
growth rate
rate
rate
rate
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003-2011
2003
2011
2003
2011
77
126
63,6%
6,3%
74
128
73,0%
7,1%
151
254
68,2%
6,7%
Taba Mbaye
1489
1726
15,9%
1,9%
1362
1706
25,3%
2,9%
2851
3432
20,4%
2,3%
32
Taiba Ndiaye
944
1381
46,3%
4,9%
2577
1470
-43,0%
-6,8%
3521
2851
-19,0%
-2,6%
33
Taba Santhie
587
638
8,7%
1,0%
526
599
13,9%
1,6%
1113
1237
11,1%
1,3%
34
Thiall
531
647
21,8%
2,5%
524
642
22,5%
2,6%
1055
1289
22,2%
2,5%
35
Thierno Ndiaye
97
162
67,0%
6,6%
100
127
27,0%
3,0%
197
289
46,7%
4,9%
25,0%
2,8%
12,5%
1,5%
18,5%
2,14%
10311 12889
11260 12666
Sources: Mouane CADL, 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD - 2013-2018 Action Plan
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5.2
ESIS Addendum
State of access to basic social services
5.2.1 Access to Health Care

The health care system in Senegal has a pyramidal structure. Under the Senegalese health
care system,the best quality health care is available at hospitals and health centers in Dakar,
along with other cities throughout the country. The next level of health care is available at
health posts in the chief towns and larger villages within municipalities. In rural areas, basic
health care is provided at village health huts and rural maternity units. While the central,
regional and local health administrations have responsibility to establish and make
operational health care faciities, in some rural villages, people have themselves built and
manage basic health care facilities.
Central Adminstration
The central administration of the Senegalese health care system includes the Office of the
Minister of Health and the directorates and services attached to it.
Regional Adminstration
Medical regions are the coordination structures at the regional level. Each medical region
corresponds to an administrative region. It is directed by a public health doctor who is the
main facilitator of the executive team made up of all heads of services attached to the
medical region.
Health Districts
Health districts, comprehensive care systems, are assimilated with an operational area
including at least one health center and a network of health posts. A health center covers a
geographical area that may include an entire department or part of a department. Senegal
currently has fifty health districts. Each district or operational area is managed by a head
doctor.
Health Centers
Health centers serve as engines to the health districts they belong to and are driven by a
core team (i.e., head nurses, assisted by health committees and community-based
organizations). Health centers offer a range of medical, obstetrical-gynecological, and minor
surgery services, besides ensuring the implementation and supervision of primary health
care. They combine public health missions with quality care requirements. They also serve
as reference resources for health posts, private religious health facilties, etc.
Health Posts, health huts and rural maternity units
Health posts are installed in the municipalities (i.e., the chief towns of rural communities or
fairly well-populated villages). In rural areas, basic health care is provided at village health
huts and rural maternity units.
The first health check in rural areas is done at the closest facility, most likely at a health hut,
then if a solution is not found, the patient is referred to the nearest health post, and then, if
necessary, to the nearest health center before going to a hospital.
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Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye

Access to health care in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye is measured by the availability and
type of health care facilities.
The survey performed as part of preparing the PLD of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye for
2013-2018 illustrated that there is an insufficient availability of quality health care facilities in
this municipality, along with an unequal distribution in the community areas.
Two health posts currently located at Taiba Ndiaye and Mbayene are within the Municipality
of Taiba Ndiaye. Although, the health post installed in the village of Mbayne is ill-equipped
14
with non-functional and dilapidated facilities .
The other operating health care facilities are health huts installed in four other villages (i.e.,
Taiba Mbaye, Ndomor, Thiall and Keur Madiagne), along with rural maternity units at Taiba
Ndiaye and Mbayene 3. The figure below indicates where these health care facilities are
installed (see Error! Reference source not found.).
The six existing facilities provide health care services to villages in the Municipality according
to the following distribution:
The Taba Ndiaye health post provides services to the villages of Taba Mbaye, Baal
Diop, Taba Santhie, Maka Gueye Bye, Taba Khab, Ndomor, Gad Ngomne,
Ndoyne Bar, Daff 1 and Daff 2.
The Mbayene 3 health post provides servicesto the villages of Keur Mall, Minam,
Keur Mbaye Snba, Keur Mambaye Khary and Keur Birama Fatim.
The Thiall health hut provides servicesto the inhabitants of Selco, Maka Dieng, Keur
Bokar and Djingu.
The Ndomor health hut provides servicestothe villages of Gad and Ngomne.
The Keur Madiagne health hut provides servicestothe villages of Baity Ndiaye, Baity
Gueye, Keur Assane and Sam Ndiaye.
The fourth health hut is in Taiba Mbaye and provides servicesto its own community
members.
The Baal Diop and Maka Gaye Bye health huts are no longer functioning.
There is a single pharmacy in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye located in its chief town.
Given this distribution, the PLD concluded that the health care facilities in the Municipality,
especially in the Project area, are insufficient and ill-equipped (i.e., lack of equipment and
caregivers). The number of health care facilities for the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye (i.e.,
one health post for 14,000 inhabitants) does not comply with the standards defined by the
National Health Development Programme (PNDS), which stipulates one post for 5,000
inhabitants in rural areas. Four additional posts would be necessary to comply with the
PNDS objectives.
14
Reference: 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD - 2013-2018 Action Plan
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Other health care facilities do, however, exist and are not too far away:
A private health care facility built by the Industries Chimiques du Sngal (ICS) is
located at Mboro (about 13 km from Taiba Ndiaye); and
Health care facilities are located in the towns of Tivaouane (9 and 15 km away), and
This (20 to 30 km away), respectively, and for each town, includes both hospitals and
a health center within a health district).
According to the 2013-2018 TN PLD, Health Investment Plan, improvements are planned to
the Municipalitys existing health care facilities (by 2018 - see Table 4 below). Note,
therefore, projects such as the construction of two health huts, the conversion of seven
health huts into health posts and the creation of a health center are planned by 2018. This
investment effort, if it comes to fruition, will enable the Municipality to close the gap and
comply with the PNDS standards.
Table 10 below provides the Health Investment Plan for 2013 to 2018 in Taiba Ndiaye.
Table 10: Health Investment Plan 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD 2013-2018 Action Plan
Health
Projects /Actions
Location
Gad Ngomene
Construction and Equipment of 2 Health
Huts
Taiba Santhie
Construction and equipment of Mbayenne II
Mbayene III
Health Post
Bal DIOP
Revitalization of the Health Hut
Maka Gueye Beye
Ndomor-Taiba Ndiaye
Upgrade of 7 Health Huts to Health Posts
Thiall -Keur Madiagne
Budget
PERIOD
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
30 000 000
75 000 000 X
10 000 000
100 000 000
Acquisition of a medical ambulance
Rurale community
30 000 000 X
Creation of a health center
Taiba N'Diaye
200 000 000
445 000 000
TOTAL
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Figure 14 : Location of Health Care Facilities within the Project area
5.2.2 Access to drinking water

The Municipality residents access to drinking water (see Table 11) is via the following
means:
Two boreholes in the village of Taiba Ndiaye are managed by the ASUFOR (Borehole
Users Association). The ASUFOR are made up of members subscribing to the
borehole's drinking water supply (AEP) network. This network supplies eighteen
villages in the Project area home to the PAP with drinking water (17 of these villages
are located in the DAI). This network is, however, poorly designed: very low flow rate
(drop by drop) noted in villages far away from Taiba Ndiaye, like Khelcom.To resolve
the situation, a third borehole is being drilled in the village of Miname Diop. The work to
connect villages has been completed and the borehole is scheduled to start operation
at the end of September 2015. This borehole is aiming to supply the villages in the
South-West of the Municipality (mainly the area called "eight villages" which groups
Miname, Mbayene, Keur Male, Keur Mambaye Khary, Keur Samba Awa, Ndiaba, Keur
birama Fatim and Keur Mbaye). Six of these villages are located within the DAI, while
the remaining two villages are located within the IAI, close to the boundary of the IAI.
The Water Supply Network (AEP) installed by the ICS supplies three villages outside
the Project's DAI (i.e., Gag, Ngomne and Ndoyne).
The Sngalaise Des Eaux (SDE) network that relates primarily to the villages
bordering on the department of Tivaouane (South of the Municipality) supplies Keur
Bakar, Thiall, Selco, Keur Magueye and Maka Dieng. These villages are not in the
Project's DAI. This network is considered as obsolete (very low pressure).
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Traditional wells and manual pumps: these structures supply few villages and are only
seen in villages with low demographics located in the North of the Municipality, namely:
Darou Dia, Balle Guye and Keur Demba Diallo. These traditional structures are also
seen in villages supplied by a network. They also provide a top-up facility.
With the third borehole under construction and the planned rehabilitation, repair and
connection operations to the existing network, all villages in the Project's DAI will soon
benefit from improved access to quality drinking water.
5.2.3 Access to water for market gardening

The Municipality currently has no access to water for agricultural production such as,
irrigation boreholes.
Given the large number of market gardeners in the Municipality, mainly in the Keur
Madiagne area, the Municipality is including in its 2015 budget an amount of CFA
15
for agriculture. The
450,000,000 for the construction of two boreholes specifically
Municipality is seeking partners and is also counting on the State participating in this project.
5.2.4 Access to education

There are two categories of education in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye - formal education
and informal education.
Formal education is instruction given in the public pre-school, primary, junior high and high
schools. The following education levels are available within the Municipality:
1 high school;
2 junior high schools;
19 primary schools; and
2 pre-school/day nurseries.
There are two categories of informal education: teaching the Koran and reading. The Koran
is taught in all the villages in the Municipality. There are thirteen reading classes available in
the following villages: Taba Ndiaye, Taba Mbaye, Taba Santhie, Ndomor, Mbayne, Balle
Guye, Keur Madiagne, Sam Ndiaye, Djingu, Thiall, Maka Gaye Bye, Ndame L and
Keur Bakar.
There are no classrooms set aside exclusively for teaching the Koran or reading. These
lessons are given in primary school classrooms or temporary huts.
Table 11 and Error! Reference source not found. below list all schools located in the
Project area in 2013. Nineteen primary schools are listed in 2013 whereas only twelve
primary schools were counted in the same area in 2000.
15
Reference Taiba Ndiaye 2013 PLD - priority action programmes
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This school infrastructure expansion has nevertheless not been supported by the acquisition
of equipment needed to ensure minimum learning conditions (i.e., access to water).
The current school situation in the Municipality is, therefore, as follows:
11 incomplete-cycle schools in the entire Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye;
7 schools of 12 classes in temporary shelters;
7 schools with no washroom; and
9 schools with no water point.
The current school situation is as follows in the Project area:
4 schools have a shortage of classrooms (Miname, Maka Gueye Beye, Taiba Mbaye
and Mbayene III);
14 schools without an enclosure wall;
5 schools with no washrooms;
2 schools without running water (Djingue and Khelcom); and
2 schools with temporary shelters (Djingue and Maka Gueye Bye).
This description of the situation shows the lack of functionality of schools, especially in terms
of washroom requirements.
However, it must be said that these modern public schools are competing against the
Arabic-Koran teaching schools. Thus, in 2003, the gross primary school attendance rate was
51%, which was lower than the attendance rate in the Region of This and at the national
level. Historically, rural populations prefered to send theirs children to traditional Arab
schools where they could memorize the Koran and learn more about Islam. But today, it
appears that this trend is being reversed.
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No.
Schools
Area of
influence
Type of
cycle
Physical
Educational
Special
In temporary
Water point
classrooms
groups
classrooms
shelter
Enclosure wall
Yes=
Washroom
No= without
washroom
Taiba Mbaye
Direct
Complete
10
10
1 classe
No fence
yes
Khelcom
Direct
Incomplete
No fence
no
Maka Gueye
Bye
Direct
Incomplete
1classroom
No fence
no
Ndam Lo
Direct
Incomplete
Non-existent
No fence
yes
Djingu
Direct
Incomplete
Non-existent
No fence
yes
Maka Dieng
Indirect
Incomplete
2 classroom
No fence
no
Keur Bakar
Direct
Complete
2 classrooms
No fence
yes
Keur Madiagne
Direct
Incomplete
No fence
yes
Daff 2
Direct
Incomplete
2 classrooms
No fence
yes
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Area of
influence
Type of
cycle
Physical
Educational
Special
In temporary
Water point
classrooms
groups
classrooms
shelter
No.
Schools
12
Keur Mbaye
Seneba
Indirect
Incomplete
Non-existent
No fence
no
13
Selco (outside
of Taiba
Indirect
Incomplete
Non-existent
No fence
no
14
Matar Mamour
Ndiaye
Direct
Complete
12
With fence
yes
Direct
Complete
3 classrooms
With fence
yes
16 Thiall
Indirect
Incomplete
Non-existent
With fence
yes
17 Minam
Direct
Complete
With fence
no
18 Taiba Santhie
Direct
Complete
No fence
yes
19 Gad Ngomne
Indirect
Incomplete
With fence
no
15 Ndomor
Source: 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD - 2013-2018 Action Plan
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Non-existent
Enclosure wall
Yes=
Washroom
No= without
washroom
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ESIS Addendum
Figure 15 : Distribution of school infrastructures in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
5.2.5 Access to electricity

17 out of 35 villages within the The Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye have electricity; and these
17 villages represent 80-90% of the total population of Taiba Ndiaye. Of the 23 villages in
the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye that are located in the Projects DAI, more than half (thirteen
villages ) are without electricity. Of the ten villages with electricity located within the Projects
16
DAI, five have PAP. The other five villages (Daf 1, Daf 2 ,Ndomor, Miname and Ndiamba)
do not have any PAP for this Project.
With the construction of the Tobne Power plant and the Project, a vast program to bring
electricity to rural areas is envisaged by the Municipality with respect to villages without
electricity. This program to bring electricity also aims to increase the density of the grid in the
villages already connected.
The Municipality is planning to bring electricity to the large villages of Taiba Santhie, Bale
Diop, Beity Gueye and Beity Ndiaye, all located in the Projects DAI, for an investment
amount of 150,000,000 CFA francs in 2015. The plan is also to supply the Minam borehole
with solar power with the assistance of the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA).
16
These are Taiba Khab, Keur Mall, Taiba Ndiaye, Taiba Mbaye and Djingu.
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Table 12: The infrastructures and collective equipment in the Projects close area of influence
Infrastructure
Children's day
nursery
Primary
school
CEM
High
school
Ndiallo (KEUR DEMBA DIALLO)
Water supply type
Health post
Borehole
1 health post
AEP network TN borehole
Maka Gueye Bye
AEP network borehole
Darou Dia
Ball Gueye
Manual pump
Keur Assane
Baity Gueye
Baity Ndiaye
Sam Ndiaye
Keur Madiagne
Taiba Ndiaye
Health hut
1
1 hut for toddlers
1 health hut

1
Khelcom
Taba Santhie
Taba Mbaye
Djingu
Manual pump
Keur Maguye
SDE network
Keur Mall
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1 health hut
1 health hut
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Table 12: The infrastructures and collective equipment in the Projects close area of influence
Infrastructure
Children's day
nursery
Primary
school
High
school
CEM
Water supply type
Keur Mambaye
Taba Khabe
Keur Samba Awa
Keur Mbaye Snba
Mbayene 3
Minam
Total
11
Health hut
Health post
1 health post

1
Sources: 2013 Taiba Ndiaye PLD - 2013-2018 Action Plan, PEPAM,
N.B.: TN = Taba Ndiaye AEP = Drinking water supply - CEM = Junior High School
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3 health
huts
2 health
posts
Borehole
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5.3
ESIS Addendum
The productive activities of local populations
The active population of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye is involved in the two main sectors of
agriculture and livestock and, on an ancillary basis, in two others - transport and trade.
Agriculture is extremely varied due to the geographical location of the Municipality, from rainfall
farming to market gardening crops with large numbers of fruit trees, mainly mangos and, to a
lesser extent, citrus fruit.
5.3.1 Rainfall farming

With rainfall isohyets fluctuating between 250 and 440 mm a year for rainfall (i.e., number of
days of rain) of no more than thirty days, rainfall farming in the Municipality can only be based
on cereals and other short-cycle crops. The crops noted within the Project area are multiseasonal (such as cassava) and able to make the most of the humidity to complete their cycle.
The main crops noted within the Project area are:
Cassava, which takes up nearly 27% of sown surface areas every year;
Peanut, 21%; and
Millet and black-eyed pea, 23%.
Table 13 below provides the sown surface areas:

Table 13: Estimation of sown areas and yields in 2011
Surface area sown
Speculations
Yields
Average
Commercial value
Average
productions
(tonnes)
CFA francs
ha
Cassava
5 571
26.8
1 172
6 529
415 090 000
30.8
Peanut
4 290
20. 7
1 079
4 629
218 595 400
16.3
Millet
2 839
13.7
257
730
88 235 000
6.5
Black-eyed pea
1 935
9.3
110
213
101 085 000
7.5
(Kg/Ha)
There are many constraints to the development of this rainfall farming, namely:
The random nature of the rainfall;

The gradual impoverishment of soils whilst chemical or organic fertilizers are insufficient.
Added to this is the lack of fallow land given the lack of land to meet demand;
Farming equipment is rudimentary with hand-operated tools, making it impossible to
cultivate large areas;
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The abundance of pest attacks on crops whereas plant protection products are
commercially inaccessible; and
The gradual reduction in rainfall crop areas given the phenomenal emergence of fruit trees.
The only crop that manages to resist this is cassava, which can be grownclose to mango
trees.
5.3.2 Fruit trees

The production of fruit trees is the emerging activity in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, by virtue
of its increasing importance, given the declining rainfall crops.
The mango is the favorite tree for this arboriculture with the introduction of improved varieties by
grafting. This fruit species plays a commercial role by generating income in most rural
communities and also meets the food requirements of local populations.
Table 14: Evolution of mango production between 2000-2010 and 2011 in the
Municipality
Periods
Sown surface
areas
ha
Yields
kg/ha
Average
productions
in tonnes
Monetary value
CFA francs
2000-2010
3,391
14.4
1,951.8
6,618.7
229,880 000
17.4
2011
4,821
23.2
1,469
7082
372,408 000
28.1
These data highlight a drop in yields in mango cultivation, which can be explained as follows:
The presence of a pest that is especially harmful to mangoes: the fruit fly, called whitefly,
that causes 30% losses in production;
The lack of technical supervision of fruit growers, who are using traditional production
techniques; and
The significance of post-harvest losses due to the lack of a storage and processing units.
5.3.3 Market gardening

This is an emerging activity just like the fruit trees, as it can rely on the potential of traditional
lands of the Niayes (a coastal region where the bulk of the vegetable production takes place)
and also on the land of the old, phosphate-rich mines freed up by the ICS.
Potatoes, cabbage, onions, tomatoes, green beans and lemons are all grown.
Yields could be better if requests for water connections for market gardening activities had been
met.
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Table 15: Evolution of vegetable production between 2000-2010 and 2011 in the
municipality
Periods
Sown surface
areas
Average
yields kg/ha
Average
productions in
tonnes
CFA francs
monetary value
ha
2000-2010
1951
8.2
727.8
1,420
139,340 000
10.5
2011
1298
6.2
4,419.3
5,736.3
150,780 000
11.2
Table 15 above shows a decrease in sown surface areas between the 2000-2010 period and
2011 which was compensated by gains in average yields in market gardening.
The expansion of sown surface areas is restricted due to the poor access to water, the price of
inputs and the scarcity of cultivation equipment.
5.3.4 Livestock
Given the presence of crops, livestock is raised within the Municipality in semi-intensive, even
intensive fashion, mainly due to the lack of grazing and livestock trails.
The livestock, therefore, feeds on residues of farming products from the cassava and also the
straw of certain crops like peanuts and black-eyed peas.
Peanuts and black-eyed peas are both part of the villagers' diet, as well as cash crops that
improve their financial situation. Peanut straw and black-eyed pea residues are used as extra
forage for fattening the livestock that is raised inside concessions.
5.3.5 Trade
This activity is a direct result of farming activities, mainly due to the transport of cultivated
produce and is carried out along the main roads. Shops are found in all villages and specialize in
the sale of farming produce, such as fruit (mangos) and vegetables (cassava, cabbage). These
traders also play the role of intermediaries between the local producers and the wholesalers or
end consumers. Note that this socio-professional category is mainly comprised of women.
The activity is nevertheless restricted in certain parts of the Project area due to the isolation of
certain villages (i.e., impassable tracks and mobility problems) and limited financing possibilities
(i.e., working capital from often inadequate micro-credit finance).
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Figure 16 : Permanent market, points of sale, mutual savings banks in the Project area
5.3.6 Road network

The Project area is crossed by the following departmental roads:
Tarmacked departmental road D702 linking Tivaouane and Mboro. It goes through the
Municipality for 10 km and crosses the villages of Keur Bocar, Daf II, Taiba Khab and
Ndomor;
The departmental road D702C which runs from the crossroads with the D702 in the village
of Taiba Khab to the Ndiaye road. It crosses the villages of Taba Ndiaye, Taiba Santhie
and Khelcom (Baal Diop). This is a 19 km laterite road. Only the section linking the D702 to
Taiba Ndiaye, the chief town in the municipality, is tarmacked.
In addition to these roads, the other villages are connected to each other and the chief town in
the Municipality by natural sandy tracks and/or laterite tracks. The natural (sandy) tracks are
usually fairly impassable, especially in the rainy season.
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The laterite tracks include:
Djingu - Mboro road (2 km);
Maka Dieng-Selco (4 km); and
Ndiamba-Keur Madiangne (4 km)
5.3.7 Transport
Just like trade, transport is also dependent on farming. The main means of transport (i.e., carts
drawn by donkeys or horses and automobiles (vans, lorries)) are mainly used to convey the
miscellaneous farming produces to their markets and points of sale.
Thus, new establishments tend to spring up progressively near main roads.
The local communities also place a great deal of importance on the goods transport vehicles
known also as "luggage taxis". These vehicles are a substantial source of income for their
owners and are always a major component in the local economy, given that these vehicles take
the farming products to the markets and points of sale.
Figure 17 : Road network of the Taiba Ndiaye municipality

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5.4
ESIS Addendum
Sacred sites
5.4.1 Presence of sacred cemeteries and trees

People living in the villages of the Project area consider cemeteries to be sacred, a belief that is
shared with the entire population of Senegal. This is the place where they gather to not only pray
for the dead, but also for themselves.
In the DAI and in the vicinity of the Project, a census survey was conducted by EES; the
responses are based on testimonies of the elderly and the village chiefs. The census focused on
cemeteries and trees to which people have conferred mystical and/or sacred attributes.
Presence of cemeteries
Within the 31 villages near the Project area, 40 cemeteries were listed, as well as a specific
number of trees which people believe are sacred (see Table below).
Of the 40 listed cemeteries, 7 of them, or 18%, are less than 100 years of age (between 57 and
94 years); 13 of them, or 33%, are between 109 years and 180 years old; 12 of them, or 30%,
are between 208 and 300 years old; and 8, or 20%, are between 369 and 449 years of age.
According to testimonies collected, some of these cemeteries constitute a religious heritage of
great importance to people because of the high degree of spirituality of some of the people
buried there, or the fame (marabout, king ...) of the cemetery's founder. This is the case with the
Miname Cemetery, 411 years old, whose founder might have been a Damel or a King of Kayor.
This cemetery is not located within the Projects footprint.
At Keur Maka Beye, there is a cemetery that is located very close to the Project's boundaries.
PETN will fence off the cemetery and take all measures to prevent encroachment of the
Project's infrastructure on the cemetery.
Trees identified that are important to the local communities

The Project site also contains many baobab trees. In Senegal, baobab trees are part of the
cultural and religious heritage for certain groups of people, often serving as tombs for some
groups or sheltering objects of pagan rituals when they are hollow. Baobab trees are partially
protected in Senegal.
Depending on location, local communities can also assign a sacred aspect to a given species,
for various reasons (e.g., tree planted by the founder of the village, or a tree that "offered its
shadow" to a famous religious figure). This is the case for a tamarind tree in Maka Gueye Beye
According to Labosol, 29 baobab trees , 8 tamarind trees with no special status and located
within the Project footprint must be felled, along with several other species (see the Labosol
report Rev 4 dated June 1st, 2015).
In the area near the Project, 3 baobab trees, 1 tamarind tree and 1 black tamarind tree (or
dialium guineense) were identified which local communities view as sacred. For the 5 trees
located in Project footprint:
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None of the black tamarind trees will need to be removed, according to the Labosol
Survey;
The Baobab of Mbayene III will be preserved because it is not located under the axis of the
line of wind turbines E31 to E38; and
For the 2 others baobabs and one tamarind, in the immediate Project area (axis of the line
of wind turbines E19 a E30), it is recommended to preserve them, if possible. Others
directives are also given in notes below, regarding these trees.
5.4.2 Conclusions
a) There are no active cemeteries located within the Project's footprint, however, particular
attention should be paid to the preservation of at least one cemetery, the cemetery of
Masongo it is a closed cemetery and must be fenced off because of the special cultural
interest of the population.
b) A total of 5 sacred trees were identified in the Project area, PETN will do its best to
preserve them , when possible, given their close proximity to the Project footprint and its
access roads.
The identified sacred cemeteries and trees must be preserved in accordance with IFC's PS8.
PETN will need to obtain a logging permit, to be issued by the Water and Forests Ministry, in
order to fell the baobab trees that are located within the Project footprint.
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Villages
Area of
influence
Baty Bacar
indirect
Baty Dakhar
indirect
Baty Gueye
direct
Baty Ndiaye
direct
Bal Diop /
Khelcom
direct
Number of
cemeteries
Creation
date
Age
1806
208
1838
176
1905
109
Bal sand
direct
1957
57
Darou dia
direct
1925
89
Djingu
direct
1700
314
1935
79
Keur Demba
Diallo
Keur Madiagne
Ndiaye
Keur mall
Ndiaye
Keur mambaye
Khary
Keur mbaye
seneba
direct
direct
1 black Tamarind
direct
direct
indirect
indirect
Shares the cemetery with Baity

Ndiaye
final resting place of the grandfather
of the village founder
direct
Ndiaye
Comments
Presence of a cemetery that is the
Bal gueye
Keur assane
Trees that are

important to
the local
communities
1727
287
1784
230
1920
94
1900
114
tree
Presence of a black Tamarind tree

Will not be removed as per the
Labosol survey report
Presence of a sacred tamarind tree

and one baobab tree. These trees
Maka gaye Bye
direct
1905
109
1 tamarindtree
&1 baobab tree
can be removed after consultation

with village elders and a mystical
ceremony. The closed cemetery of
Masongo will be avoided. PETN
plans to fence it and preserve it.
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Villages
Area of
influence
Number of
cemeteries
indirect
Creation
date
Age
Trees that are

important to
the local
communities
Comments
Sacred baobab tree that is very

Mbayene III
1 baobab
1932
Mourdjiguene
direct
Merina Samb
direct
82
close to the Project footprint. PETN

will avoid it and it wil be preserved.
This baobab is revered because of

NDiop Sao
Sam Ndiaye
Sao
direct
3
1565
449
direct
1620
394
indirect
1645
369
1715
299
Taiba Khab
direct
Taiba mbaye
direct
Taiba Ndiaye
direct
1903
111
Taiba Santhie
direct
1727
287
indirect
1930
84
direct
1892
122
indirect
1780
234
direct
1603
411
Keur samba Awa

Ndiamba (Touba
Fall)
Keur Birima
Miname DIOP
Total
1 sacred baobab
its age it can be removed subject
tree
to consultation with village elders

and after a mystical ceremony
The oldest cemetery to date was

built in 1715.
This cemetery is particularly

revered by the local community.
3 Baobab trees and 1 black tamarind tree & 1 tamarind tree
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Figure 18 : Location of cemeteries and sacred trees
Notes applicable to Map 5 above.

1) Some of the names and locations of the trees relate to the village of the PAP owner For
example, the two very close baobab trees in the immediate area of influence of the line
E19-E30 are named NDIOP SAO and MAKA Gueye Beye trees because they are located
on the land of 2 PAP from these two villages.
2) The cemetery of Masongo is located in the immediate area of influence of line E19 to E30;
it is a closed cemetery and must be fenced off because of the special cultural interest of
the population.
3) Also in the immediate area of influence of line E19 to E30, there is one Tamarind and two
baobab trees, all having a sacred character, due to their ages. They can be removed
subject to consultation with village elders and performing some mystical ceremonies.
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4) The black tamarind of Keur Madiagne, located in the immediate Project area of influence of
line E39 to E46, is a sacred tree that must be preserved. As stated in the Labosol survey,
none of the four (4) Black Tamarind trees within the Projects close area of influence will be
destroyed.
The baobab tree and cemetery close to line E31 to E38 will not be under the axial line of a wind
turbine and can be preserved.
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6
6.1
ESIS Addendum
Socioeconomic Impacts
Preamble
The various points covered in this chapter only concern the socio-economic environment and
include:
Identification of the sources of socio-economic impacts;
Assessment of the impacts;
Identification of the mitigation measures which may be integrated into the Project in order
to eliminate or reduce the scope and severity of these impacts;
Identification and assessment of the Projects residual environmental impacts; and
Identification of the appropriate measures for compensating any residual impacts identified.
The impacts will be identified by examining the situation of the Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm, which
may be the source of several types of environmental and social impacts, particularly impacts
related to its location, the construction works, and its operations.
6.2
Determining impact sources
The methodology firstly consists of identifying the impact sources prior to assessing how they
will affect the various components of the environment.
The Project is an industrial one and consists of installing equipment, and carrying out various
activities such as the construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the wind
farm at the end of its life.
The Project equipment and activities may be considered to be sources or disruptions that will
tend to bring about changes to the environmental and social components that are significant to a
greater or lesser extent.
During Project construction, the potential sources of impacts include those resulting from:
Land acquisition;
Site preparation;
Construction of the wind farm;
Use of labor; and
Procurement of goods and services.
For each of these potential sources, we have listed the following related components in the
tables below.
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Table 17: Potential sources of impacts during construction

Potential sources of impacts
Components of the sources of impacts during construction
Land acquisition
Lease of land (approved by the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye)

17
executed with the State of Senegal
Compensation to be paid to the 341 PAPs
Site preparation works
The earthworks and excavation works

Setting up the worksite installations
Erection of the wind turbines, laying underground cables, and the
connection and construction of the high-voltage sub-station
Removal of excavated materials
Construction of the Project
Transport and traffic relating to movements of labor, worksite

machinery and construction materials
Civil Engineering works
Water consumption
Management of wastewater and drainage water from the site
Use of labor and the

procurement of goods and
services
Creating jobs
Purchasing goods and services
Potential sources of impacts related to the operations phase are, in particular, linked to:
The presence and operation of the wind turbines at the Project site;
The possible presence of hazardous products and waste oils that are not collected and/or
which have accidentally been spilled;
Maintenance and repair works;
Use of labor; and
Purchases of goods and services
For each of these potential sources, we have listed the following components.
17
Refer to Chapter 10- Land Acqusition and Compensation Process

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Table 18: Potential sources of impacts during operations

Potential sources of impacts
Components of the sources of impacts during operations
The presence of production equipment
During the operation of the wind farms equipment

The presence of equipment items during their useful lives; and
Production of wind turbine electrical power
The presence of hazardous products
Production and management of waste and hazardous

materials
Waste oils
Equipment maintenance work
Work concerning maintenance and possible major repairs of

the equipment
Use of labor and the purchases of goods

and services
Purchasing of goods and services

Creating jobs
These sources of impacts will have an effect on the physical, biological and human environment.
In this section, we will mainly focus on the Projects impacts on the socio-economic environment
and significant modifications of this component attributable to equipment items, processes, and
activities linked to the Project within the DAI.
6.3
Method for qualitative assessment of the significance of the impact
6.3.1 Potential impacts considered

At the social level, and in the immediate zone of the Project (i.e., the DAI in accordance with the
recommendations of IFC PS1), we will examine the impacts to the PAPs related to:
Losses of land; and
Reductions or losses of income/revenue.
In terms of the living standard of the local populations and workers in the DAI, we will
examine:
Noise;
Air pollution;
Water pollution;
Water consumption;
The waste generated;
The health and safety of local populations;
The health and safety of workers;

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Transmissible diseases; and
Preservation of the cultural heritage.
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NB: Further details on the Projects potential impacts to the health and safety of local
populations are addressed in Chapter 9: Community Health, Safety and Security.
In terms of the local economy and of infrastructures within the Projects DAI, the following will be
noted:
Use during operations;
The production of an additional 440 GWh per year;
Public infrastructure and equipment;
The landscape;
Traffic; and
Access roads and paths for transporting agricultural products to market.
6.3.2 Environmental effects assessment approach

When all of the Projects potential impacts on the socio-economic component have been
identified, the significance of foreseeable changes to this component will be assessed. The
approach and the table for assessing the significance of this effect are provided in brief in the
following paragraphs.
The methodological approach used to assess the Projects socio-economic impacts rely mainly
on assessing the intensity, extent and duration of the impact ascertained. These three qualifying
factors are aggregated into a summary indicator of the significance of the impact, which enables
an overall qualitative judgement to be made about the anticipated effects for a component
following an intervention in relation to the environment.
The significance of the impacts will be assessed based on the following criteria:
The intensity;
The duration; and
The study.
6.1.3.2 Determining the intensity of the impact

The intensity of the impact (or its seriousness) is the conjunction of the scale of the disruption
and the value assigned to the environmental component impacted. The value of the
component integrates both its eco-system value and its socio-economic value.
The eco-system value of a given component is considered to be:
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High when the component is of major interest due to its eco-system role in relation to
diversity and its outstanding qualities, the preservation and protection of which form the
subject of a consensus within the scientific community;
Medium when the component is of substantial interest and has recognised qualities. The
conservation and protection status of this component constitutes a matter of concern,
discussed within the scientific community; and
Low when the component is of an interest and has qualities, the protection of which are
not a matter of great concern.
The socio-economic value of a given component is considered to be:
High when the component is the subject of legal or regulatory protection measures (e.g.,
threatened or vulnerable species, conservation park) or proves to be essential to human
activities (e.g., land-based activities);
Medium when the component is valued (i.e., in economic terms or any other terms) or is
used by a significant portion of the population concerned without, however, being subject
to legal protection; and
Low when the component is little used or valued or is not used or valued at all by the
population.
The value of the component integrates both its eco-system value and the socio-economic
value, adopting the stronger of these two values, as indicated in the following table.
Table 19: Table for determining the value of the component
Socio-economic value
Eco-system value
High
Medium
Low
High
High
High
High
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
Low
High
Medium
Low
For physical and biological environments, the environmental value is based on the
establishment and integration of 2 factors (the eco-system factor and the social factor).
In the case of the human environment, only the social value is factored in for the purpose of
determining the environmental value. The social value states the relative significance attributed
by the public, the various State technical services, the local administration, or any other
legislative or regulatory authority to a given environmental component. It indicates the public or
political desire or determination to maintain the integrity or the original nature of a component.
This determination is expressed via the legal protection granted to it or by the interest that the
public shows it at a local or regional level. The social value is established depending on the
concerns of the population with the environmental component. The perceptions and concerns
gleaned from the local populations, especially during public consultations, are used as factors
for establishing this value.
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The level of disruption of a component defines the scale of the structural and functional
modifications that it risks undergoing. It depends on the sensitivity of the component in light of
the interventions proposed. The modifications may be positive or negative, or direct or indirect.
The level of disruption is deemed to be:
High when the effect foreseen calls the integrity of the component into question or greatly
and irreversibly changes that component or the use that is made of it;
Medium when the effect leads to a reduction or an increase in the quality or use of the
component, without going so far as to compromise its integrity;
Low when the effect only changes the quality, use or integrity of the component in a way
that is not very perceptible; and
Indeterminate when it is impossible to foresee how or to what extent the component will
be affected. When the level of disruption is indeterminate, assessment of the
environmental effect cannot be assessed for this component.
The intensity of the environmental effect, which varies from very strong to low, is the result of
combinations of three levels of disruption (high, medium and low) and three value categories for
the component (high, medium and low).
The following table indicates the various combinations obtained.
Table 20: Table for determining the intensity of the impact
Level of disruption
High
Medium
Low
Value of the component

High
Medium
Low
Very strong
Strong
Medium
Strong
Medium
Low
Medium
Low
Low
18
6.2.3.2 Determining the extent of the impact

The extent of the disruption expresses the scope or spatial sphere of influence of the effects or
the proportion of the population adversely affected. It can be:
Regional when the impact adversely affects a huge space or several components located
a major distance away from the project, or when it is felt by all of the population in the
study zone or by a substantial proportion of the population of the recipient region (e.g.,
across the national territory, or the This Region);
Local when the impact adversely affects a relatively limited space or a certain number of
components located within, in the vicinity of, or a certain distance from, the projects site, or
18
It should be noted that the intensity of the effect corresponding to a combination with a low environmental value
and level of disruption could have been qualified as very low in order to follow the tables logic. If this is not the case, it
is in order to limit the possible number of combinations to the later stages of the assessment. The bias thereby
introduced is negligible and errs on the side of overestimating the importance of the effects.
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when it is felt by a limited proportion of the population in the study zone (e.g., the
Municipalities of Taiba Ndiaye, Darou Khoudoss, or Noto Gouye Diama); and
Spot when the impact only adversely affects a very limited space or a component within or
in the vicinity of the projects site, or it is only felt by a small number of individuals in the
study zone (e.g., when the impact is felt by a specific element in the environment, such as
a piece of land where a sub-station is installed).
6.3.3.2 Determining the duration of the impact

The duration of the disruption determines the period during which the residual effects will be
felt. It is not necessarily the same as the period of time for which the direct source of the effect
will have an influence, as this may continue after the phenomenon which caused it has ended.
When an effect is intermittent, we describe the frequency of it as well as the duration of each
episode. The duration may be:
Long when the effects are felt continuously throughout the lifespan of the equipment or the
activities and even beyond this in the case of irreversible effects (e.g., the presence of the
wind turbines);
Medium when the effects are felt continuously over a relatively long period of time, but one
which is less than the lifespan of the equipment or the activities (e.g., re-establishment of
vegetation following clearance of the bush); and
Short when the effects are felt over a limited time period, which generally corresponds to
the period required for construction of the equipment or for starting up activities (e.g., road
transport).
6.4.3.2 Determining the significance of the impact

The interaction between the intensity, the extent and the duration enables determination of the
significance of the environmental effect on a component affected by the Project (see Table
21 below).The table distinguishes five levels of significance, varying from very high to very low.
The significance of each of the environmental impacts is assessed by taking into account the
standard reduction or improvement measures integrated into the Project.
When the impacts assessed are not negligible, specific Mitigation measures should be
proposed in order to enable optimal integration of the Project into its environment. The
Mitigation measures are aimed at avoiding, reducing or compensating for the negative social
and environmental impacts of a project whilst first and foremost giving priority to avoiding the
impact.
In the case of a positive impact, the measures are aimed at improving or optimising it. The
measures proposed obviously take into account the economic, financial, social and
environmental measures stemming from their implementation.
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Table 21: Table for determining the significance of the environmental impact
Intensity
Extent
Regional
Very strong
Local
Specific
Regional
Strong
Local
Specific
Regional
Medium
Local
Specific
Low
Regional
Duration
Significance
Long
Very high
Medium
Very high
Short
Very high
Long
Very high
Medium
Very high
Short
High
Long
Very high
Medium
High
Short
High
Long
Very high
Medium
High
Short
High
Long
High
Medium
High
Short
Medium
Long
High
Medium
Medium
Short
Medium
Long
High
Medium
Medium
Short
Medium
Long
Medium
Medium
Medium
Short
Low
Long
Medium
Medium
Low
Short
Low
Long
Medium
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Medium
Short
Local
Specific
Low
Low
Long
Low
Medium
Low
Short
Very low
Long
Low
Medium
Very low
Short
Very low
The last stage of the assessment consists of determining the residual significance of the
environmental impact following the implementation of special Mitigation measures. Figure 6-1
below provides a schematic presentation of the bulk of the process leading to assessment of the
significance of the impact.
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Figure 19: Process for assessing the significance of the impact
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Assessment of the impacts
The positive or negative impacts in this chapter concern both the construction and the
operations phases of the Project. Each time, the phase (construction or operations phase) is
specified, along with the positive or negative nature.
6.4.1 Assessment of the positive impacts

6.1.4.1 Direct and indirect jobs during the construction phase
Direct jobs
The construction phase will last 34 months and, among other things, will involve job creation
with equal opportunity so that local labor can be recruited (qualified and unqualified labour)
throughout the construction period for the Project. During the peak period, according to Vestas,
365 jobs are foreseen (including 102 expatriate personnel) and, for PETN, 30-35 local jobs
(security, potentially 30 security guards working in 3 shifts (10 per shift) in order to cover security
24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days of the year, and 2 drivers and 1 cleaning person),
making a total of approximately 395-400 direct jobs.
Major expectations have been expressed by the local populations and local elected officials in
the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye regarding the employment opportunities provided by the
Project. The PAP (those who will lose a percentage of their land) are expecting to find temporary
unqualified work either for themselves or for their relatives during the construction phase.
Although, during the construction phase, only a small percentage of the workforce (i.e., the
unskilled workers) will be able to be sourced from the local communities.
Sub-contracting and indirect jobs
Creating opportunities for sub-contractors and other operators intervening in the earthworks and
construction works also constitutes a major opportunity due to the scale of the works, which will
give rise to major investments in the building and public works and industrial construction subsectors and, generally speaking, in all trades at the local and even at the national level; people
from the Project DAI who have certain qualifications will be able to work for sub-contractors and
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs; e.g., welders, ironworkers, bricklayers).
We also note the creation of commercial activities around the construction worksite that will
provide work for young women from villages in the immediate zone of influence for 34 months:
(e.g., laundry, catering, accommodations, small businesses, cleaners).
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QUALIFIED SENEGALESE PERSONNEL

Phase
Tasks
Qualification
Number
Source
Professional driver
Local
external
&
Transport
Civil engineering
34
Local
external
&
Civil engineering
14
Local
external
&
Electricians
Construction
TOTAL
51
SENEGALESE PERSONNEL (WORKERS, LABORERS, CLEANERS, ETC.)

Phase
Tasks
Qualification
Civil engineering
Suitable for civil engineering

works
191
Local
external
Cleaners & Domestic Staff
Local
Construction &
Cleaning
Operations
offices
parquets
Number
Source
&
and
21
Domestic staff
TOTAL
212
SPECIALISED EXPATRIATE PERSONNEL

Phase
Tasks
Qualification
Number
Source
Construction
Construction
Qualified technicians
102
Expatriates
TOTAL
102
OPERATIONS
Operational staff
Supervisors
20
Local
external
&
Operations
Operational staff
Security guard
35
Local
external
&
Operations
TOTAL
52
Figure 20: Personnel foreseen in the Construction and Operations phases
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Assessment of the intensity of the environmental effect

The municipality and the rest of the region face a very high unemployment rate, particularly
among young people. All the stakeholders, including the PAP, have devoted a great deal of
attention to the issue of employment. The Environmental Value of the Component (VEC)
associated with job creation is High.
Thus, the Project will also positively change the work environment at the national level by
enabling the employment of approximately 298 Sengalese who will be recruited during the
construction phase, depending on the available resources, in terms of the level of priority 1)
within the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, 2) within the Department in Tivaouane, 3) from within
the This region and 4) at the national level;
The related DPC will be medium (an employment offer over 34 months for approximately 298
Senegalese) - consequently, the intensity resulting from crossing the VEC and the DPC will be
Strong.
Parameter
Value
Environmental Value of the Component (VEC)
High
Disruption Level (DPC)
Medium
Intensity
Strong
Assessment of the significance of the impact on direct jobs:

The impact associated with the employment offer during the construction phase will be positive
(of High significance) due to a strong intensity in spite of the duration of the construction works
which is considered to be medium (34 months), with the extent being local.
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
Assessment of the significance of the impact on indirect jobs

The construction works will also facilitate the emergence of indirect jobs through sub-contractors
and SMEs for approximately 34 months. During this phase, employment of approx. 400 workers
will facilitate the emergence of jobs which may be beneficial to local female labor (e.g., cleaners,
laundry, small businesses). It is a positive impact of medium significance due to its medium
intensity, its medium duration, and the local extent.
Parameter
Value
High
Level of Disruption (DPC)
Medium
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VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
6.2.4.1 Operations phase

Direct and indirect jobs, recruiting SMEs
The Project makes provision in the Operations phase for the creation of approximately 20
qualified direct salaried jobs over a duration equalling that of the Project (at least 20 years); a
small number of these jobs may benefit from local labor and the rest of the qualified jobs will be
able to benefit from qualified regional and national labor.
In addition, thirty to thirty-five unqualified personnel will be recruited as security guards and staff
in order to do the rounds of the wind turbines, and as cleaners to take care of cleaning work.
These jobs will be able to benefit from local labor.
The Project will also resort to SMEs to carry out maintenance of the wind farm. Moreover,
indirect jobs will be generated.
Assessment of the intensity of the environmental effect.
Major employment expectations (regardless of their origin) remain and the Environmental Value
associated with this is high (High VEC).
Within the local context of a very sluggish labor market, it will be possible to make provision for
approximately 35 positions in addition to 20 local jobs with this applying over a long period of
20 years, this corresponding to a Low level of disruption of the component (DPC). Also, the
resulting Intensity of the environmental effect is Medium.
Parameter
Value
Environmental Value of the component (VEC)
High
Low
Intensity
Medium
Assessment of the significance of the impact for permanent positions

For permanent positions such as those for Wind Farm Operators, the Impact linked to
employing the Wind Farms operating staff will be positive (of Medium significance) due to the
Medium intensity of the 20-year duration, which is considered to be long, and of the local extent.
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
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Assessment of the significance of the impact on indirect jobs

During this phase, the creation of indirect jobs will also be noted. The new staff employed
residing in the Projects DAI will facilitate the emergence of jobs which may be beneficial to local
female labor (e.g., cleaners, laundry, small businesses). It is a positive impact of medium
significance due to its medium intensity, its long duration, and the local extent.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Assessment of the significance of the impact on SMEs

Likewise, throughout the lifespan of the Project, it is possible that SMEs, major repair and
maintenance companies, suppliers of small parts and other services will work with the Project
contractor and/or sub-contractors within the context of maintenance for the Project, with this
taking at least 15 to 30 days per year. During this period, external personnel will also be taken
on, a major portion of whom will consist of people from the local population in the Projects DAI
in the case of unqualified jobs. In the event SMEs are engaged to work for the Project, it will be
a positive impact of medium significance due to its medium intensity, its long duration, and the
local extent.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Increase in the production of electricity and local electrification

At the national level, Senegal is experiencing difficulties in satisfying the strong demand for
energy. Injecting over 400 GWh into the interconnected network will enable quantitative and
qualitative improvements in access to electricity and will raise the quality of service across the
entire national territory whilst at the same time boosting the local, regional and national
economy.
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Moreover, the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye plans to seize on this opportunity in order to extend
the electrical network to the non-electrified villages of Taiba Santhie, Bale Diop, Beity Gueye
and Beity Ndiaye, and for this purpose, has allocated the sum of 150,000,000 CFA Francs in its
2015 budget. The Projects electricity production should facilitate achieving this goal.
The Environmental Value associated with it is High and the Level of Disruption (DPC) is High
due to the massive injection of energy into the network and the accelerated electrification of
villages in the DAI. The outcome of this is a very strong environmental intensity.
Parameter
Value
High
High
Intensity
Very strong
Assessing the related impact

It is a positive impact that is of very high significance due to its very strong intensity, its long
duration, and its national extent. It is the major positive impact sought after insofar as it will
contribute to increasing national wealth and in addition could facilitate the electrification once
and for all of unelectrified villages in the Projects DAI.
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
High
Very strong
National
Long
Very high
Headquarters and taxes

PETN foresees signing a headquarters agreement with the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye and
locating its head office within the Municipality in order to enable the Municipality to benefit from
the tax benefits that it would be able to lay claim to. The amount for the licence and for the other
taxes which should be paid by PETN to the Tax Centre would amount to 2.5 million Euros, part
of which could constitute approximately 40 % or 800,000,000 CFA Francs and would be paid
back to the Municipality by the State. This constitutes over 5 times the investment budget
foreseen for the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. This agreement addresses the greater part of the
social demand issues, as well as the issues relating to renovation of basic infrastructures within
the DAI (e.g., schools, health huts, training, miscellaneous equipment) , which will be resolved in
the medium term.
The Environmental Value associated with it is High and the Level of Disruption (DPC) is High
due to the more or less instantaneous five-fold increase in revenues which will enable the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye to deal with the social expectations of the local populations and
with the Municipalitys development issues. The resulting intensity will be Very strong.
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Parameter
Value
High
High
Intensity
Very strong
Assessment of the related impact

It is a positive impact that is Very Strong (i.e., Very Strong intensity, long duration (over 20
years), of local, regional and national extent (i.e., impact on the economic activities of the
Municipality, the region and the nation).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
High
Very strong
National
Long
Very high
Constructing access tracks within the Project site

Constructing access tracks featuring reinforced laterite within the Project site (with this cost
being borne by the Project), may give rise to some negative impacts (i.e., partial land loss to a
limited number of PAPs). However, these new access tracks will greatly contribute to breaking
the isolation of the DAIs villages and will be a powerful instrument for economic development.
They will be used by the local villagers not only for facilitating access to their fields, but will also
facilitate exchanges between villagers, as well as the more rapid transport of harvests to local
and regional markets.
The Environmental Value related to Departmental roads as well as to access tracks is deemed
to be high both by the institutions and by the villagers.
The Level of Disruption (DPC) will be medium due to the very positive spin-offs referred to
above (i.e., breaking isolation, exchanges between villagers, and transport of harvests to
markets). The resulting intensity will be strong.
Parameter
Value
High
Medium
Intensity
Strong

The related impact will be positive and the significance will be high (i.e., strong intensity, long
duration over 20 years, and a local and even regional extent).
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VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Long
High
6.4.2 Assessment of the negative impacts

6.1.4.2 Construction phase
Impacts on land tenure
Freeing up the Projects siting, covering a surface area of 49 ha, will give rise to partial land
losses for 341 PAPs with one or more fields on the location of the future Project site; the total
.land acquisition impacts 459 properties. The PAPs live in twenty villages in Taiba Ndiaye and 7
villages in Noto Gouye Diama and Darou Khoudoss. Table 22 below presents the home villages
of PAPs whose fields will be impacted by the Project, the number of plots of land per village, and
the total land surface area impacted by the Project for each village. The details of the breakdown
of these surface areas (i.e. inventory and classification of the various trees and crops) per village
are presented in the Departmental Commission of Census and Compensation Report and are
presented in Annex E.
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Table 22: Breakdown of the Properties and Persons Impacted by the

Project per Village
Villages
Number of PIP
(properties
impacted)
Number of PAP
(persons
affected by the
Project)
PAP
distributioin
each village
Baty Bacar
1.8%
Baty Dakhar
1.8%
Baty Gueye
18
17
5.0%
Baty Ndiaye
1.5%
Baal Diop
15
11
3.2%
Baal gueye
0.6%
Bal sand
0.9%
Darou dia
0.6%
Djingu
0.0%
Keur assane ndiaye
10
2.1%
Keur demba
0.3%
Keur madiagne
25
17
5.0%
Keur mall
0.3%
Keur mambaye khari
0.3%
Keur mbaye seneba
0.6%
Khelcom
28
24
7.0%
Maka gueye beye
10
2.3%
Mbayen 3
40
28
8.2%
Mbourdjiguene
0.3%
Merina samb
0.3%
Ndiop sao
1.2%
Sam ndiaye
0.6%
Sao
13
11
3.2%
Taiba khab
0.6%
Taiba mbaye
70
52
15.2%
Taiba ndiaye
83
62
18.2%
Taiba santhie
93
65
19.1%
NON IDENTIFIE
0.0%
TOTAL
459
341
100.0%
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The Project site is entirely within an agricultural zone where rainfall agriculture, cash cropping
agriculture and market gardening are the local populations main activities. The land acquisition
required for this Project will, for the people affected, entail a partial loss of land used for crop
production. Clearing land in order to free up the space required fore the Project and occupying
the lands with construction activities will have the consequence of a partial loss of revenue due
to the reduction in production resulting from the various types of crops grown on the site
(rainwater agriculture, cash cropping and market gardening).
For survey details on the percentages of land and tree loss per PAP, please refer to the Labosol
Cadastre Rural Report of September 2015 (Annex E) and Annex L.
Financial assessment of the Compensation
Financial assessment of the compensation linked to any infrastructure project is governed by a
legal framework. In this capacity, PETN has, with all the PAP present, conducted an inventory of
all the crops and all the trees impacted on the Projects siting. Moreover, an assessment was
carried out by the Departmental Commission of Census and Compensation, chaired by the
Prefect of Tivaouane. The details of the members comprising the Departmental Commission of
Census and Compensation are provided in Annex D.
The scale adopted by the Departmental Commission is the scale applied in the DAI by the other
developers (ICS, Senelec, GCO). This scale provides 1,050,000 (1 million and fifty thousand)
CFA Francs per hectare of land, to which the price of the trees, depending on their maturity, is
added. On top of this scale, PETN freely decided to add additional compensation of 1,950,000
(one million nine hundred and fifty thousand) CFA Francs per hectare for rainfall crops, bringing
the total to 3,000,000 (three million) CFA Francs per hectare, plus tree-related compensation as
per the scale used by the Departmental Commission. Thus, the total compensation will
constitute 140% of the amount initially raised by the Departmental Commission of Census and
Compensation. See Annex E for the scale used within the Departmental Commission of Census
and Compensation.
The transfer of 49 ha of parts of land plots used for growing crops has been done in a situation
where scarceness has been noted in the Department Moreover, the villagers consider the
lands to be their main sources of income and means of subsistence. Consequently, the
Environmental Value associated with this Component (VEC) is high.
It may therefore be concluded, subject to the proviso that the PAP use the compensation wisely,
that their previous livelihood will be restored. A Project Livelihood Restoration Plan will be
developed and implemented to monitor and support the PAPs as they progress in restoring their
livelihood. Consequently, the related Level of Disruption (DPC) will be Medium. The resulting
intensity from crossing the VEC and the DPC is Strong.
Parameter
Value
High
Medium
Intensity
Strong
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Assessment of the significance of the impact

The impact is negative, of high significance (strong intensity with a long duration of 20 years and
a local extent).
Land
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Long
High
Impact on agricultural production for the municipality

The reduction of crop land is going to result in a potential reduction in agricultural production in
the municipality. However, the lands transferred to the Project only constitute approximately
1%19 of the surface areas planted in cereals and the agricultural production losses and, as a
corollary, the theoretical loss of revenues for the municipality will be marginal and amply
compensated for by the payment of taxes
The Environmental Value related to the crop lands is still High but the Level of Disruption (DPC)
will be low because the lands transferred (49.5 ha) for the Project constitute less than 1% of the
surface areas planted in cereals20 in the case of the crops planted within the Municipality of
Taiba Ndiaye. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

It is a negative impact of medium significance (medium intensity, long duration (over 20 years),
and with a local extent (limited to the crops lands within the Municipality).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Impacts on infrastructures and traffic
19
20
The surface area of Taiba Ndiaye is 16,100 ha: at least 5,000 ha are dedicated to agriculture
According to the PLD (Local Development Plan) for Taiba Ndiaye - 2013
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a) Transport of equipment from the port to the Project Site via road RN1, national roads,
regional roads and Departmental roads:
When equipment is received at the Port of Dakar, it will be organised and transferred to the
Project site. Forty-six convoys for the 46 wind turbines (11 trucks per convoy) consisting of
heavy ltrucks with special flatbeds, container carriers, and trailers loaded for this transfer will be
mobilised for transporting equipment to the Project site. The transport will be assigned over
periods defined depending on the construction phasing. It should be noted that the convoys are
scheduled at the rate of 2 (being the equivalent of 2 wind turbines) per week and will only be
able to travel at night between 10 pm and 5 am in the morning.
Phase 1: 16 wind turbines transported + the equipment and assembly cranes, over a
period lasting approximately 2 months;
period lasting approximately 2 months; and
period lasting approximately 7 weeks.
These operations will be intermittent and escorted in order to minimise traffic congestion
problems; they will be handled by transport specialists under Vestass supervision and
responsibility. The height of the containers will not require any medium-/high voltage overhead
lines to be cut, and the toll motorway will not be used. Under these conditions, the disruption
caused to traffic by the convoys will be minimised.
The axle loads of all the trucks forming part of the convoys will be calibrated in order to avoid
damaging the surface of the national road; that of the Departmental road (D702 Tivaouane
Mboro), which has a connecting road with Departmental road D702C, and which links up to the
zone where the Project is located.
The contractor will make every arrangement to ensure that any deterioration of the road surface
of national and Departmental roads and tracks that is attributable to its transport activity will be
repaired immediately.
The Environmental Value related to the road infrastructures, Departmental roads and access
tracks is deemed to be high both by the institutions and villagers.
In the case of transporting the equipment from the Port of Dakar to the Project site via a wellorganised convoy that is escorted, and with the organisation of the convoys announced in
advance, the Level of Disruption (DPC) will be low due to the organisational measures taken
(i.e., escort, night transport, intermittent nature of the convoys, immediate repair of the road
surface, and reconditioning of damaged infrastructures where need be by Vestass subcontractors).- The resulting intensity will be Medium.
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Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

It is a negative impact of medium significance (medium intensity, short duration and regional
extent).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Regional
Short
Medium
b) Negative impacts on the tracks, Departmental roads D702 and D702C, and on the villages
passed through:
A preliminary task to transporting the wind turbines and the equipment required for erecting the
wind turbines to the Project site will be the gradual construction of access tracks dedicated to the
Project, capable of supporting the axle weight of the heavy trucks.
Moreover, Vestas will take care to calibrate the trucks in order to adapt the axle loads to the
nature of the tracks and the Departmental roads.
The municipality has a 19 km-long Departmental road with a laterite surface and various
secondary tracks with sandy surfaces; some of these natural tracks will not be capable of
bearing the weight of the convoys for transporting equipment to the Project site. Consequently,
Vestas will have to construct tracks beforehand on-site and link them up to the Tivaouane Mbour
road before transporting the equipment to the Project site.
The construction of these access tracks dedicated to the Project and foundations, as well as
other platforms made from reinforced concrete, will require the supplying of raw materials, lime
or basalt gravel, sand and clay from various quarries located at various distances from the
Project site (Bandia, Lam Lam, Toglou, etc.) as well as cement from three cement works at
Rufisque, Bandia or Pout, which are also quite far away from the Project site.
The supply of clay, water, cement and stones to the Project site, both for laying foundations and
maintenance areas as well as access tracks will be done at a sustainable pace.
It will be necessary to have 16 to 20 trucks (8, 16 or 30 m3) which will be mobilised for
transporting the water and clay, and these trucks will complete 5 to 7 round trips per day. The
cement supply will occur at a rate scheduled with the cement works, subject to conditions that
avoid disrupting traffic all these trucks will be in order on the technical inspection plan, with the
axle load calibrated and checked so as to avoid any deterioration of the road surface. Those
trucks transporting powdery products such as sand and laterite will have tarpaulins over them in
order to prevent dust from flying around.
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These trucks will take the Tivaouane Mboro road (D702), which is 10 km long, before turning off
onto Departmental road D702C; moreover, village tracks (with natural, laterite or sandy
surfaces) may be used in order to get to the unloading zones.
These trucks will pass through a lot of villages in the immediate zone of influence (Keur Bocar,
Daf II, Taiba Khab and Ndomor Taiba Ndiaye, Taiba Santhie, and Khelcom (Baal Diop), the
Djingu - Mboro road, Maka Dieng Selco Ndiamba - Keur Madiagne).
Due to their limited number and subject to the proviso of optimised organisation, these trucks will
not give rise to intense traffic on the Tivaouane - Mboro road (approximately 15 to 20 trucks
operating at different periods of the day) and on the Departmental road with a reinforced laterite
surface that is 19 km long. Nor will such traffic be a factor in hastening the deterioration of this
road either.
Transport between the sites the laterite is taken from and the construction worksite may cause
disturbances such as disrupting traffic and causing pollution due to the dust raised where
inhabited zones are passed through, and along fields alongside the roads or taken by the trucks;
also we cannot rule out the risks of accidents within the zones passed through.
Given the limited number of trucks, these disturbances will be limited by Vestas adopting
appropriate measures included in its HSE plan, such as placing tarpaulins on vehicles, erecting
warning signs in the villages passed through, imposing speed limits on the trucks, raising the
awareness of local populations, travelling outside peak traffic hours, and confirming in the
technical inspection of the trucks that drivers have been trained.
The Environmental Value related to the Departmental roads and the tracks is deemed to be high
both by the institutions and by the villagers.
The Level of Disruption (DPC) will be low due to the organisational and HSE measures that will
be taken by Vestas in order to avoid damaging the tracks and roads, raising dust, or causing
accidents in the villages passed through, as well as the low number of trucks and the relatively
limited number of return trips. Furthermore, Vestas will immediately repair damaged road
surfaces if need be. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The relative impact will be negative and of low significance (medium intensity, short duration and
local extent).
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VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Short
Low
Assessment of the impacts on living standards

Assessment of the Projects negative impacts on the human environment and living standards in
the Projects immediate zone relates to pollution of the aquifers that supply the local populations,
the use of drinking water, the noise environment, the waste generated, the populations state of
public health, and the public infrastructures and equipment that have an impact on the life of
local populations within the Projects immediate zone.
a) Noise pollution:
Laying foundations and the construction of tracks involving major civil engineering works,
digging trenches for cables, erecting wind turbines and, generally speaking, preparation and
construction works, will require the use of various mobile and stationary equipment items. This
machinery can, due to the noise it generates, become an environmental nuisance that may
adversely affect the living standards of local people and the natural environment which is
exposed. The following may be cited:
Mobile equipment (transport trucks, loaders, diggers, bulldozers, cranes, etc.);

Fixed equipment (concrete mixers, drilling machines, compressors, small machinery,
generator sets, etc.).
Given the remoteness of the site (the two closest villages are more than 800 m away from the
wind turbines) the noise from the assembly worksites should not be perceptible in the closest
adjoining villages. For the workers and other people exposed in the worksites, wearing individual
protective equipment will be mandatory, if need be, in accordance with Vestas HSE directives.
The construction will also give rise to additional vehicle traffic, and particularly trucks. The traffic
will be slightly greater during the first few weeks, particularly on the Tivaouane Mboro road and
on Departmental road D702C.
Vestas will set up an optimised organisational structure for the transport which will enable a
substantial reduction of the noise level in the villages while the trucks are passing through
(staggered return trips, off-peak transport, choice of routes and bypass roads, if need be).
The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., noise) is
deemed to be high generally by all the stakeholders. With the HSE measures taken and those
that will be implemented by the sub-contractor, the Level of Disruption (DPC) will therefore be
low. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
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Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative of medium significance (medium intensity, local extent- in the works
zone and neighboring villages, medium duration of 34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
b) Deterioration of the air quality:

The works involved in preparing the Project site, erecting the wind turbines, and constructing
access tracks and new buildings will last approximately 34 months and will involve three phases.
During these periods, the earthworks and civil engineering works, combined with the transport
and temporary storage of materials (excavated materials, backfill), will have a localised impact
on the air quality in terms of the emission of dust and exhaust gases from machinery and
vehicles, particularly during the peak works period and during very windy periods.
Emissions of dust and exhaust gases, therefore, constitute a disruptive factor due to the planned
activities. Locally, the air quality following the emission of dust will therefore be temporarily
affected at the current site.
Combustion gas emissions will come from trucks, worksite generator sets, and concrete mixers
towed using a diesel engine. During the peak phases (i.e., three phases when equipment will be
transported from the Port of Dakar to the Project site) the works will require a large number of
trucks (up to twenty-two per peak week). These trucks and equipment items burn diesel oil and
emit CO, CO2, SOx, NOx, PM, etc.
If you consider the transport of materials, wind can spread dust right along the route leading
from the loading sites to the unloading sites. Indeed, if the loads (sand, gravel, etc.) are not
covered with a tarpaulin, the trucks will lose part of their loads all along the route, with this quite
often being accompanied by dust that may constitute a disturbance for the villages passed
through.
All this dust generated could adversely affect the quality of the air and, through a knock-on
effect, the health of the workers at the worksites and, to a lesser extent, the health of the local
populations located in the vicinity of the site.
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The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., air
quality) is deemed to be High generally by all the stakeholders.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative and of medium significance (medium intensity, local extent- within
the works zone and neighboring villages, medium duration of 34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
c) Worksite waste during construction:

The preparation and construction works for the site where the Project will be established and the
operations related to laying access tracks, and setting up the wind farms equipment and
installations, will generate a volume of inert waste, excavated materials, ordinary industrial
waste, rubble and waste consisting of packaging and metals, cable waste, and cement grout.
The technical buildings will only host offices, storage containers, and workshops, and will not
include a section dedicated to housing workers. The waste that the buildings may generate
includes some special industrial waste, such as penetrating oil, solvents, welding X-ray waste
products, etc. in limited quantities.
In addition to this waste, there will be other waste considered to be hazardous; particularly waste
oil (spent oil) produced by worksite vehicles and machinery which could accidentally pollute the
sites soil.
Removal and disposal of this waste off-site could give rise to impacts on living standards and the
natural environment.
In practice, a waste management plan will be implemented with the setting up of a waste
collection center which will comply with GIIP in this field (i.e., sorting, regular collections, and
transfer to waste treatment plants, authorised by the DREEC (Directorate of the Environment
and Listed Establishments), with monitoring of traceability of the waste disposal. Certain types of
packaging, wood waste, scrap metal, cable waste, etc. will be recycled; waste oils and solvents
will be sent to waste oil recycling companies.
The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., waste)
is deemed to be highgenerally by all the stakeholders. With the Vestas HSE measures taken
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and those that will be implemented by the sub-contractor, the Level of Disruption (DPC) will
therefore be low. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
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Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

Thanks to the establishment and implementation of the Vestas sub-contractors HSE directives,
the impact of the worksite waste on the living standard will be negative and of medium
significance (medium intensity, local extent in the works zone and within the municipality (i.e.,
waste disposal facilities, medium duration of 34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
d) Health and hygiene of agricultural workers and people living nearby:

During the construction phase, the noise and fumes generated by worksite equipment and
heavy trucks and cranes, and the fine particles created as the result of working fine materials
(cement, sand and gravel) may be a source of disturbance and be harmful to the tranquillity and
health of agricultural workers in the zone, as well as workers and people living near the Project
site. The villages likely to be affected are those on the Tivaouane Mboro road (D702) and along
Departmental road D702, and a lot of them are located within the DAI.
The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., health
and hygiene) is deemed to be high generally by all the stakeholders.
Due to the establishment and implementation of HSE directives (from the Vestas and subcontractors environmental management plans), the impact of the pollution related to the works
on the hygiene, health and safety of workers and people living nearby will be limited and the
Level of Disruption of the component will be deemed low. The resulting intensity will be medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative, and of Medium significance (medium intensity, local extent work
zone and neighbouring villages medium duration (34 months).
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VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
e) Risks of accidents:
During the construction phase, consideration should also be given to the risks of accidents due
to the machinery, the presence of poorly protected/covered construction materials (e.g.,
formwork metal) and the presence of personnel, particularly unqualified personnel. There is a
risk of falls for any authorised or unauthorised people on the worksite. The accident risk is not
negligible. There are also accident risks linked to road traffic for routing construction materials.
The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., safety)
is deemed to be high generally by all the stakeholders. The Level of Disruption is deemed low
(the arrival of external workers, working in an unfamiliar environment); the value of the
environmental component is deemed to be high, and the resulting intensity will be medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative and of medium significance, (medium intensity, local extent- work
zone and neighboring villages, and medium duration of 34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
f)
Public health risks:
An increase in the public health risks due to the arrival of worksite workers, particularly with the
spread of risky sexual behaviour; one of the openly expressed fears stated in public
consultations is that the villagers recruited may be exposed to contamination from all sorts of
diseases which may be brought in, particularly by non-local workers who have come to take part
in the Projects construction work. An increase in this risk will primarily be attributable to the
expected arrival of external workers (coming from various places and different cultures) during
the peak construction period.
The other fears relate to the fact that the substantial incomes received by the externalworkers
who will stay in hotels in the surrounding villages may lead to the development of forms of
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behavior that are harmful to the health of individuals in question and sometimes this will have a
rebound effect on the local communities (e.g., alcoholism, prostitution, smoking, the emergence
of STDs including AIDS).
These public health risks and disturbances will be limited by Vestas implementing its workers
Code of Conduct and adopting appropriate measures included in its HSE plan.
The Environmental Value related to the living standards and its related component (i.e., public
health) is deemed to be high generally by all the stakeholders. The Level of Disruption is
deemed to be Medium ; as the value of the Environmental Component is High, the resulting
intensity will be Strong.
Parameter
Value
High
Medium
Intensity
Strong

The impact will be negative and the significance high (with a strong intensity, local extent- work
zone and neighboring villages, and medium duration (34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
g) Risk of pollution of groundwater aquifers near the villagers:

If the effluents and various solid wastes from the worksite works are not managed properly at
worksite level (regular collection and removal of the worksite waste), they could become
dissolved and end up as suspended solids floating in water.
The intervention of worksite machinery is a potential source of groundwater pollution; in
particular, pollution due to the seepage of hydrocarbons (i.e., fuel, waste oils) in the case of
leaks or accidental spillage.
The storage and handling of chemicals and wastes in small quantities (i.e., oils, degreasing
agents, glues, fuel, etc.) may be the source of accidental spillages likely to cause local
contamination due to the seepage into soils and groundwater.
The same applies for fuel filling or distribution operations for worksite machinery. Run-off water,
possibly fouled by the worksites operations, may also seep into the soil and groundwater and
adversely affect their quality. Likewise, in the event of accidental seepage, the wastewater may
accidentally affect the quality of the groundwater. PETN will implement appropriate HSE
measures in order to avoid any pollution of the aquifers.
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The Environmental Value related to water, including water from aquifers that supply the village
wells, is deemed high both by the institutions and by the villagers. During construction,
appropriate HSE measures will be implemented in order to prevent any pollution of the aquifers.
The Level of Disruption (DPC) will therefore be low. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Intensity
Medium to Low
21
Low

The related impact will be negative and of low significance (medium intensity, specific extent in
the works zone, medium duration of 34 months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Medium
Low
h) Impacts on the water resources used by the local populations:

The construction phase will require relatively modest water needs for the civil engineering and
building erection works, human needs, cleaning operations, sprinkling soils, etc.
These needs are assessed as follows22, based on the following hypotheses:
Laying 35 km of tracks, on the basis of 400 linear metres per day
Maximum volume of reinforced concrete of the foundations: 550 m3 per foundation
Thickness of the laterite layer for the approach tracks; 20 cm
Based on these assumptions, the water needs at a maximum will be 30,000 m3 for the 34-month
construction phase, and the needs in terms of laterite will be approximately 42,000 m3.
These quantities are not very large and will, in terms of resources, require the following:
For the tracks:
4 x 8 m3 water trucks making 5 round trips per day; and
21
The table for determining the intensity does not make provision for a Level of Disruption (DPC) of the component
that is very low, as is the case here, and which would have brought about a low intensity and a very low impact
importance.
22
After discussions with the Projects developer.
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5 x 16 m3 water trucks making 5 round trips per day.
For a foundation (base: 550 m3 of reinforced concrete):
12 x 8 m3 water trucks making 6 round trips per day (extreme case).
The number of trucks and round trips will depend on the organisation of the construction
worksite but clearly shows that the pace of the round trips will not be very high.
Water will be transported to the site using 8 m3 water trucks that will be filled outside the
municipality on an intermittent basis, depending on the scheduling of the works, and during the
34 months of the construction phase.
These relatively modest water needs, with the water coming from an external source, will not
compete with the municipalitys needs or lead to a shortage for local populations.
The Environmental Value related to drinking water and water for crops is deemed high both by
institutions and by villagers. The existence of village associations for managing drinking water
from boreholes (ASUFOR - the borehole users association) attests to this. Within the Projects
context, the water required for construction will not be drawn from local resources and the Level
of Disruption (DPC) will therefore be low. The resulting intensity will be Medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

In theory, there is no impact related to this component. However, it may be assumed that local
water will also be used as drinking water or water for toilets by the approx.400 employees, for
the Projects construction phase. The related impact will be negative and will be of very low
significance (medium intensity, specific extent in the works zone, medium duration of 34
months).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Medium
Low
In addition, during the Operations phase local water will also be used by employees (estimated
as being a maximum of 20 people who will work on the site maintaining and operating the wind
power station, as well as some of the 35 security guards. This use will be marginal.
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Transport of goods and people during construction:
The disruption of transporting people and goods on roads and tracks in the Projects zone will
result from traffic due to trucks transporting mainly raw materials and water. This disruption will
be reduced by the moderate number of trucks envisaged (a maximum of 25 during the peak
period per day): this is a negative impact of medium significance due to its medium intensity, its
local extent, and its medium duration of 34 months.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
j)
Cultural and historic heritage:
Within the Project site, to date, no archaeological sites, historical monuments, or religious sites
that are likely to be adversely affected or threatened with being destroyed by the Project works
have been noted. Only one cemetery has been located in the Project zone and it was taken into
account in the layout of the Project infrastructure. No works will occur where the cemetery is
located.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The negative impact will be low due to its medium intensity, its specific extent in the works
zone, and its short duration (i.e., construction in the vicinity of the cemetery) .
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Short
Low
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6.2.4.2 Operations phase

During the operations phase, the significance of the impacts on utility water consumption
(insignificant), the impact of the noise of the wind turbines (medium), changes to the landscape
(high), the waste generated (medium), and shadow flicker, (medium) are summarised in Table
26 below, and mitigation measures are provided in Table 29.
a) Shadow flicker effects
Wind turbines in operation will induce shadow flickers phenomenon that may become a problem
with the residential properties located nearby, and for some of them, having a specific
orientation to the wind energy facility. Results of modeling of the shadow flickers phenomenon is
in the ESIS REV04 dated July 2015 (see p. 238-242) and show when worst case scenario is
taken in consideration that effects are limited to the wind turbines closest vicinity and only for
Baiti Ndiaye (shadow flicker was estimated to last a maximum of 19 minutes per day) and
Balsande II (estimation of 33 minutes per day). Potential impacts to local communities from
shadow flickers are also discussed in Chapter 9 of this ESIS Addendum (see section 9.2.6).
The Environmental Value related to the shadow flickers and its related component (i.e., visual
perception) is deemed to be high. The Level of Disruption (DPC) will therefore be low (due to
two villages out of a total of 17 considered in a worst case scenario). The resulting intensity will
be medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative and of medium significance, (medium intensity, specifc extent- two
neighboring villages, and long duration).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Long
Medium
b) Light Pollution during operation phase

To ensure the safety of air navigation, each wind turbine is equipped with obstacle markers
lights device. The Obstacle Lighting System installed on each wind turbine will be operational
during the days with white strobe lights (of 20.000 candelas) and during night with red lights (of
2.000 candelas (cd.) These obstacle lights are installed on top of the nacelle and must ensure
the visibility of wind turbines in all directions. The lights are synchronized and this flashing
system can sometimes be annoying for residents.
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The Environmental Value related to the light pollution and its related component (i.e., visual
disturbance) is deemed to be high. The Level of Disruption (DPC) will therefore be low. The
resulting intensity will be Medium.
Parameter
Value
High
Low
Intensity
Medium

The impact will be negative and of medium significance, (medium intensity, local extent- work
zone and the DAI, and long duration).
VEC
DPC
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
6.3.4.2 Summary
The Tables below summarise the positive and negative impacts identified and their significance
during the construction and operation phases.
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Positive impacts during the construction phase

Table 23: Summary of the assessment of the positive impacts of the Project in the construction phase
Qualitative
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
Creation of temporary jobs

over 34-month construction Socio-economic
phase
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
Project
Indirect job creation (cleaners,
Preparation
small businesses, restaurants Socio-economic
and
etc.)
Construction
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
Participation of SMEs from

the zone, the region and at Socio-economic
national level
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Medium
High
Impact
sources
Summary of the potential

positive impacts +
Resources or utilities
allocated
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Positive impacts during the operations phase
Table 24: Summary of the assessment of the positive impacts of the Project in the operations phase
Impact sources
Summary of the potential positive

impacts
Resources or
utilities likely
to be
adversely
affected
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
Operation and
maintenance of the
wind farm
Creation of full-time jobs (technical staff Socioat the wind farm and caretakers)
economic
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Operation and
maintenance of the
wind farm
Indirect job creation (cleaners, small Sociobusinesses, restaurants etc.)

economic
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Operation and
maintenance of the
wind farm
Creation of temporary jobs during shutSociodowns -development of SMEs in the

economic
zone
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Production of 440
GWh
Deficit reduction - Rural electrification
Socioeconomic
High
High
Very
strong
National
Long
Very High
Establishment of the
Wind Farm at Taiba
Ndiaye
Headquarters agreement and payment Socioof taxes to Taiba Ndiaye

economic
High
High
Very
strong
National
Long
Very High
Establishment of the
Wind Farm at Taiba
Ndiaye
Long-term access tracks leading to the

wind turbines and for taking away
Socioagricultural production - Facilitation of
economic
mobility - development of trade between
villages and outside themunicipality
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Long
High
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Negative impacts in the construction phase
Table 25: Summary of assessment of the Projects negative impacts in the construction phase
Impact sources
Construction of the
wind farm and
tracks over 49 ha
of land required for
the project.
Construction of the
wind farm and
tracks over 49 ha
of land required for
the project.
Transfer of the
equipment from
Port of Dakar to the
wind farm site
Summary of the
potential negative
impacts
Partial losses of land
plots.
Related losses of income
derived from cash crops,
rainfall agriculture and
market gardening.
Loss/reduction of
agricultural production in
the municipality
Disruptions to traffic
following the routing of
equipment from Port of
Dakar to the site via
National road RN1,
Departmental road D 702
and Departmental road D
702C possible
deterioration of roads and
tracks
Resources
or utilities
allocated
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
Socioeconomic
/land
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Long
High
Socioeconomic
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Infrastructur
es
(Departmen
tal roads
D702 and
D702C)
High
Low
Medium
Regional
Short
Medium
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PETN
ESIS Addendum
Table 25: Summary of assessment of the Projects negative impacts in the construction phase
Impact sources
Intensive use of
heavy trucks
between quarries
and the site and
various types of
equipment
transport
Summary of the
potential negative
impacts
Resources
or utilities
allocated
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
Disruptions to traffic
following round trips
made by trucks during
the preparation and
construction work for
excavation work,
removing excavated
materials, transporting
sand and gravel between
the quarries and the Site.
Attributable accident risks
on RN1, and
Departmental roads
D702 and D702C deterioration of roads and
tracks
Infrastructur
es
(Departmen
tal roads
D702 and
D702C)
High
Low
Medium
Local
Short
Low
112 of 286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Impact sources

negative impacts
Resources
allocated
Operating
machinery,
equipment and
trucks at the
worksite
Change in the noise conditions

due to noise generated by
worksite equipment
Living standards
Emissions from
machinery, trucks
etc. on the site; dust
raised
Change in the air quality due to

emissions caused by dust and
exhaust gases from vehicles and
machinery, and trucks raising dust
Various types of
waste and
emissions
attributable to the
worksite
Generating various types of waste

(everyday and special industrial
waste, waste oils, etc.)
Nuisances caused by raising dust
and polluting fumes from
machinery, trucks and worksite
units
Generating noises,
combustion gases
and wastewater
Traffic involving
machinery, worksite
Disturbing the tranquillity and

health of agricultural workers at
the project site, and workers and
people living near the site due to
noise, fumes from worksite
machinery, and the fine particles
generated. Risks of diseases
linked to discharges of wastewater
and stagnant pools of it on the
worksite.
Risks of accidents attributable to

traffic involving machinery, works
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
Living
standards:
Hygiene, Health
and Safety
(HHS)
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
Living standards
Hygiene, Health
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
Noise
Living standards
Air quality
Living standards
Waste
113 of 286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Impact sources

negative impacts
Resources
allocated
Environmental
Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
works, and people
and labour.
and Safety
(HHS)
An influx of external
workers
Public health risks due to the influx

of workers (STDs - AIDS)
Living standards
- Hygiene,
Health and
Safety (HHS)
High
Medium
Strong
Local
Mdium
High
Occupation of
natural run-off
zones
Aquifer pollution caused by

changing run-off and filtration
conditions during the Civil
Engineering works. Indirect
pollution caused by effluents and
solid wastes from the works
Living standards
Water resources
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Medium
Low
Water required for

the works
Competition between the Projects

consumption and local
populations consumption
Living standards
Water resources
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Medium
Low
Preparation and
construction works
for the wind farm
Disruption of the transport of

goods and people
Living standards
mobility of
local populations
High
Low
Medium
Local
Medium
Medium
Living standards
- cultural
heritage
High
Low
Medium
Specific
Short
Low
High
Low
Medium
Local
Short
Low
Preparation and
construction works
for the wind farm
Preparation and
erection works for
the wind farm; the
presence of
Harming the integrity of the

cultural heritage
Temporary modification of the

visual landscape
Living standards
visual
landscape
114 of 286
PETN
Impact sources
ESIS Addendum

negative impacts
Resources
allocated
Environmental
Value
equipment,and of
the technical
buildings
115 of 286
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Negative impacts in the operations phase
Table 26: Summary of the assessment of the negative impacts of the Project in the operations phase
Impact
sources

negative impacts
Resources
allocated
Utility water
consumption
There is no risk of excessive water

consumption for utility needs to the
detriment of local consumption
The zones
water resources
Visual
Landscape
Impact of the new wind farm

modifying the landscape, with the
wind turbines being visible from
very far away
Living standards
Impact on the surrounding

population of the noise pollution
due to noise and vibrations
generated by the functioning of the
wind turbines
Living standards
Harming living standards and

possible contamination of the
natural environmental by the wind
farm producing special industrial
waste (waste oils, empty
containers, electrical equipment,
etc.) and similar household waste
during maintenance
Living standards
Noise
environment
Background
noise from the
wind turbines
Waste
generated
during
operations
23
24
Environmen
tal Value
Level of
Disruption
High
Low
High
Intensity
Extent
Medium
Specific
Strong
Local
Long
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Specific
Long
Long
23
Significance
Medium
Medium
High
Low
High
Low
Once a year during maintenance for 15 to 30 days, and the needs of day labourer personnel
A perceptible level that is very low according to the modelling (see results from the predictive noise survey, presented in the ESIS REV03)
116 of 286
Duration
High
Medium
24
Medium
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Table 26: Summary of the assessment of the negative impacts of the Project in the operations phase
Impact
sources
Wind Farm in
operations
Obstacle
lighting
system- Wind
Farm in
operations

negative impacts
Resources
allocated
Environmen
tal Value
Level of
Disruption
Intensity
Extent
Duration
Significance
Living standards
High
Low
medium
Specific
Long
Medium
Living standards
High
Low
Medium
Local
Long
Medium
Shadow Flicker effects

Difficulties of acceptance
Visual gene
Acceptance difficulties of the
flashing lights
Visual landscape
117 of 286
PETN
6.5
ESIS Addendum
Plan for mitigation measures and reducing impacts
Four (4) measures are foreseen for managing potential Project impacts:
Implementation of the Projects Environmental and Social Management System

(ESMS) Plan;
Compliance with national and local regulatory requirements and the applicable
international guidelines;
Specific measures for reducing the Projects potential negative impacts;
Compensation measures for negative impacts and support measures for the Projects
positive effects.
The main environmental management factors for the Project are summarised below.
118 of 286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
6.5.1 Improvement measures for positive impacts

6.1.5.1 During the construction phase
IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR POSITIVE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction and erection preparatory works
Impact
sources
Potential impacts
Improvement measures
Significance
after the
improvement
measures
Implementation
manager
Monitoring
Vestas
PETN
Implementation
period
Favour PAP, particularly for unqualified jobs;

Creation of temporary
jobs over 34- month
construction phase
Creation of indirect jobs

(cleaners,
small
businesses, restaurants
etc.)
Participation of SMEs in
the zone, the region and
at national level
Set up a commission responsible for

managing recruiting under transparent
conditions and for fulfilling the developers
commitments;
Favor local villagers with equal opportunity
for women for linen services, catering
services, and small businesses;
Favor construction companies and national
and local SMEs as much as possible by
encouraging them to recruit from the
municipalitys available resources.
High
High
ESMC
Brought about by the

worksite
PETN & Vestas
25
PETN
ESMC
Construction
PETN
Construction
ESMC
High
Construction
PETN
ESIS Addendum

IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR POSITIVE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATIONS PHASE
Potential impacts
Operations phase for the wind farm
Deficit reduction - Rural

electrification
Creation of 20 permanent
jobs for operating the wind
farm for 20 years, and 35
security and cleaning
positions
Creation of temporary jobs

during shut-downs development of SMEs in the
zone
Creation of long-term indirect

jobs (cleaners, catering and
linen staff, etc.);
Improvement measures
Favor electrification in general and rural

electrification of the zone in particular;
Significance
after the
improvement
measures
Implementation
manager
Monitoring
Implementation
period
Very High
PETN
ESMC
Operations
PETN
ESMC
Operations
PETN
ESMC
Operations
ESMC
Operations
If possible, recruit unqualified personnel

in situ. (35)
For qualified positions, when faced with
applicants who have the same skills,
favur local villagers;
Medium
Favor national labor insofar as is

possible in order to combat the underemployment of young people;
Medium
Favour unqualified local labour;
Medium
120 of 286
PETN
PETN
ESIS Addendum

IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR POSITIVE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DURING THE OPERATIONS PHASE
Creation of work opportunities
for maintenance of the wind
farm for 20 years;
Favour SMEs and specialist enterprises

from the local area and the rest of the
country;
Medium
Headquarters agreement and

payment of taxes to Taiba
Ndiaye
Sign an agreement to this end with the

project developer before the wind farm is
connected
Very High
121 of 286
PETN
PETN
ESMC
Operations
ESMC
Operations
PETN
ESIS Addendum
6.5.2 Mitigation measures for negative impacts

Table 29: Mitigation measures for negative impacts
MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE LAND IMPACT
Impact
source
Potential
impacts
Mitigation measures
Erection of the Taiba Ndiaye wind farm
Significance after
mitigation
(assessment of
residual impacts)
A costs assessment commission was created via an Order

signed by the Prefect of Tivaouane: the commission
includes State technical services and other competent
stakeholders, including representatives of the developer,
PAP representatives, village chiefs, youth associations,
womens associations, and any other resource deemed
necessary by the administration. The committee assessed
the costs and the compensation amount for PAP using the
scale applied in the Department
Permanent
loss of land
Losses
income;
The commission will have to ensure PAP receive

compensation within a reasonable timeframe
Use local sub-contractors services as much as possible;
Recruit as a matter of priority from local populations who

have lands that will be impacted by the project;
Implementation of high-profile initiatives for providing

compensation to the Municipality(dispensaries, support for
NGOs and womens groups who will particularly be
affected);
Lay access paths and ensure they are maintained by PETN
Draw up a protocol involving PETN, the administration, the

local populations and local elected officials regarding the
commitments by the various parties.
of
Reduction in
agricultural
production;
122 of 286
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
Cost
Before the start

of the works
Included
in the
Tender
Documen
ts (DAO)
and the
worksite
works
PETN,
Low
Backers, costs
assessment
commission,
local elected
officials and
villagers
PETN
ESIS Addendum
MEASURES FOR REDUCING NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON INFRASTRUCTURES
Transfer of equipment from the Port of Dakar to the site.

Intensive use of heavy lorries between quarries and the
site
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Disruptions to
traffic due to
routing of the
equipment from
Dakar to the
Projects site by
road;
Disruptions to
traffic due to
return trips by
the trucks for
excavation work,
removing
excavated
materials, and
transporting
sand and gravel
between the
quarries and the
site
Significance
after mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
Cost
Convoy from Dakar to the Site:
Implementation/development
of
a
transport
management plan concerning the equipment and raw
materials
Informing the stakeholders (municipalities, boroughs,

local populations, MEDD (Ministry of the Environment
and Sustainable Development) of the date of the
convoy (via radio, newspapers, telephone, mail), as well
as about the itineraries, the risks, and the measures to
be taken in order to avoid accidents;
Use of suitable platforms/containers;
Resorting to a professional escort between Dakar and

the site;
Repairing damaged roads and tracks
123 of 286
Low
Vestas & PETN
During
period
the
Taken into
account in
the DAO by
the
contracting
company
PETN
ESIS Addendum
MEASURES FOR REDUCING NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON INFRASTRUCTURES
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Significance
after mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
Cost
Throughout the
Projects
preparation and
construction
period
Taken into
account in
the DAO by
the
contracting
company
Quarries Site Transport:
Risks of
accidents
Deterioration of
Departmental,
borough and
village roads
Use of trucks that comply with the technical inspection

for transport in terms of the site;
People living nearby to be informed via community

radio stations, going door to door, and meetings;
Training drivers and raising their awareness;
Speed limit of 30 kmph between the site and certain

stretches of the D702 and D702C Departmental roads;
Repairs to damaged roads and tracks
Appropriate signage
124 of 286
Low
The contracting
company
PETN
PETN
ESIS Addendum
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT - AIR QUALITY
Preparatory and construction works
Impact
source
Potential
impacts
Change in
the air
quality due
to
emissions
of dust
and
exhaust
gases
from
vehicles,
and due to
dust being
raised by
trucks;
Significance
after mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Require rental vehicle service providers to comply with the technical

inspection. For heavy goods vehicles, require a new technical
inspection every six (6) months;
For concrete mixers and for back-up generators, carry out regular
maintenance and emissions checks regularly during construction;
30 kmph speed limit along stretches of road leading to villages and the
Departmental road.
Protective tarpaulins over trucks transporting rubble, sand and worksite

products;
Minimising the heights of potential falls within the context of activities

involving the transfer of raw materials such as unloading friable
materials;
Ongoing cleaning of the roadway or sprinkling paths in the vicinity of the

nearest houses using equipment that prevents dust from being raised;
Washing the wheels of vehicles leaving the site;
Reduction of the open-air stockpiling of sand to the strict minimum

necessary and covering the piles with tarpaulins if necessary;
Strict maintenance and technical inspection of vehicles in order to

minimise pollution as the result of poor combustion;
Avoid the unnecessary use of vehicles by planning activities in such a

way as to minimise the need for them;
Make sure that the vehicles and machines are switched off when they
are not in use;
Implement environmental management plans with external contractors;

125 of 286
Implementation
manager
PETN
Low
and contractors
intervening in
the works
Implementation
period
Cost
At the start of
the
worksites
and up to the
end
of
the
works
Integrated
into
the
costs
of
the
DAOs/and
the
contracting
companies
PETN
ESIS Addendum
THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT - THE LIVING STANDARDS OF POPULATIONS LIVING NEARBY
Impact source
Operating
machinery,
equipment and
worksite trucks
(trucks,
concrete
mixers, drilling
machines,
compressors,
etc.)
Potential impacts
A change in the
noise environment
due to noise
generated by
worksite
equipment;
Mitigation measures
Setting up a schedule and a procedure limiting noisy

work at night to the maximum extent; at night-time,
give priority to work that does not generate noise;
Choose equipment items which comply with the limit of

85 dB at a distance of 1 metre
Maintain pneumatic tools, machinery and equipment in

order to keep the noise level generated to an
acceptable level;
Check that the values set out in the IFC PS for sound
levels for populations living nearby are, at most, 55 dB
during the day and 45 dB during the night
126 of 286
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Low
Implementation
manager
Vestas,
PETN
Implementation
period
Cost
Throughout the
preparatory and
construction
phase
Included
in
the
DAO and
worksite
works
PETN
Impact source
ESIS Addendum
Potential impacts
Production of
miscellaneous
waste and
emissions
attributable to
the worksite
and to the
living quarters
Access paths
and setting up
various items of
equipment,
parking trucks
and return trips
made by them
Generating
various sorts of
miscellaneous
waste (oily
emulsions,
waste oils,
miscellaneous
metal packaging
etc.);
Nuisances due
to raising dust
and emitting
polluting fumes;
Temporary
modification of the
visual landscape;
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Organising waste management and sorting, regular

collection of waste and its transfer/treatment in
authorised locations (system for managing waste using
procedures);
Setting up a specific waste collection centre during

construction
Organise the management of hazardous wastes (oils,

solvents, sump oils, etc.) and especially recovery of it,
and its treatment, with specialist companies on the
market;
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
Cost
Throughout the
preparatory and
construction
phase
Included
in
the
DAO and
worksite
works
Vestas
Low
Hygiene
Department,
DREEC
Unexpected visits to the worksite by State services

such as the Hygiene Service, and the DEEC
Minimise the spaces taken up for the worksites needs

as much as possible;
Level surfaces, and dismantle and transfer
unnecessary equipment and materiel off-site
127 of 286
all
Low
Vestas
During and after

removal of the
worksite
Included
in
the
DAO
and
worksite
works
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Impact source
Potential impacts
The presence
of a number of
external
employees
The development
and spread of risky
behaviour that
could have an
impact on the
health of local
populations, the
spread of
transmissible and
chronic diseases,
etc.;
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Prior medical inspection of workers at the living

quarters;
Compliance
with
HSE
recommendations
contractors and their workers;
Raising the awareness of workers concerning risks

and discipline on the site
Regular mandatory public health checks of the workers
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
by
Low
Vestas
PETN
and
During and after

removal of the
worksite
Cost
Included
in
the
DAO
and
worksite
works
AVOIDING SOIL, SUB-SOIL AND AQUIFER POLLUTION
Impact
source
Potential
impacts
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
128 of 286
Implementation
manager
Implementation
period
Cost
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Infrastructures construction and erection preparatory works
Impacts on the
soil due to civil
engineering
works: Making
soils fragile
and slumping
of them;
Contamination
of the soil and
the aquifer
due to
accidental
spillages of
waste oils,
chemicals,
miscellaneous
liquid wastes,
cleaning
water, and
waste;
Raising the awareness of the staff of local companies

regarding HSE requirements, both indoors and out in the
field;
All service provider companies will have to have established

an environmental policy that has been proven in-house and
applied out in the field;
Within the context of setting up the living quarters, as a

minimum, make provision for portable toilets that do not
come into direct contact with the ground, at a rate of one
toilet for every 15 people, to be emptied off the worksite by
specialist companies;
Avoid any spillage of oils, solvents or chemicals that may

pollute the aquifer;
Set up workshops dedicated to replenishing or repairing

trucks and vehicles at the worksite; in the absence of these
areas, transfer these operations off-site;
Making anti-pollution kits available (absorbent products,

containment equipment) for operators who have had their
awareness raised beforehand and who have been trained in
how to use them;
Collect sewage and route it to the station nearest the site so

it can be treated before being discharged;
Collect, store and eliminate construction waste in accordance

with a waste management plan compliant with the national
regulatory provisions and international codes of good
practice;
Comply with the limits authorised in Standard NS-05 061

concerning the quality of the effluents treated;
Analysis of water from the nearest wells once a year by the

Institut Pasteur in Dakar
129 of 286
Low
Vestas
Before
and
throughout the
preparation and
construction
phase
Taken into
account by
the DAO
and by the
contracting
company
PETN
ESIS Addendum
PRESERVATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
Construction and track-laying preparatory works
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Water consumption
to the detriment of
villages local
consumption;
Disruption of the
natural system for
the flow of run-off
water and surface
water during the
construction of 35
km of tracks.
Soil depletion and a

reduction in the
aquifers
replenishment rate;
Mitigation measures
Supply the worksite from a tanker truck or using a specific

borehole dedicated to the Project the borehole could then
be transferred to the local authorities
Raise the awareness of staff about issues relating to the

scarcity of water
Construct works for regulating drainage water from the start

of the tracks construction phase in order to ensure that runoff water is routed to natural networks for run-off water
Do not block natural routes for run-off water;
Avoid any construction or storage on natural stormwater

run-off paths;
Comply with the limits authorised in Standard NS-05 061

concerning the quality of the effluents treated;
Plant trees along tracks, using suitable species, in liaison

with the Forests and Water authorities;
130 of 286
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Low
Implementation
manager
Vestas
Implementation
period
Before the start

of the worksite
and during the
preparation and
construction
phase
Cost
PM
PETN
ESIS Addendum
LIVING STANDARDS - HYGIENE, HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND PEOPLE LIVING NEAR THE SITE
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Traffic involving machinery, works on the worksite and labour
Generating noise, combustion gases, and wastewater
Significance
after
mitigation
(assessment
of residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Disturbing the
tranquillity and
harming the
health of workers
and people living
near the site due
to the noise and
fumes from
worksite
equipment, as
well as the fine
particles
generated;
Implement the mitigation measures and the

recommendations presented in the impact study report
and in the hazard study in the report from October 2014
updated in July 2015;
Set up an HSE management system both for the

worksite during the erection phase and for the living
quarters, in liaison with a consultancy specialising in
environmental assessments. The body selected will
have to come up with proposals about the following
points:
Drawing up and implementing an HSE policy for the

worksite and for the living quarters
Risks of diseases
linked to
discharges and
pools of stagnant
waste water at
the worksite;
Drawing up and
Operations Plan)
Provide personal protective equipment generally to all

staff and visitors accessing the site and set up first aid
kits;
Install signboards and boards

pictograms required by law;
Provide mandatory HSE training to the personnel and

any service provider that accesses the site;
Define the location and the installation of safety

showers;
Write all the accident management procedures;
Risks of
accidents
attributable to
traffic involving
machinery, works
and labour;
implementing
POI
for
(Internal
providing
131 of 286
the
Low
Implementation
manager
Vestas and
PETN
Implementation
period
Start
of
works
throughout
project
the
and
the
Cost
Normally
included in
the DAO; if
not, an
additional
clause is
necessary
PETN
ESIS Addendum
LIVING STANDARDS - HYGIENE, HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND PEOPLE LIVING NEAR THE SITE (CONTINUED)
Traffic involving machinery, works on the worksite and labour
Generating noise, combustion gases, and wastewater
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Disturbing the
tranquillity and
harming the health
of workers and
people living near
the site due to the
noise and fumes
from worksite
equipment, as well
as the fine
particles
generated;
Risks of diseases
linked to
discharges and
pools of stagnant
waste water at the
worksite;
Significance
after mitigation
(assessment of
residual
impacts)
Mitigation measures
Define the conditions for setting up and installing

a temporary infirmary with a doctor on duty and a
permanent nurse as well as an ambulance on
stand-by 24 hours a day;
Establish a methodology for raising awareness

and informing personnel and villagers about the
risks of STDs and AIDS;
Set up schedules and procedures which limit

noisy night work to the maximum extent;
Choose the equipment so that, for the resulting

noise levels, there is a permissible threshold for
populations living nearby of 55 dB at daytime and
45 dB at night-time
Have a traffic plan on the worksites as well as in

the living quarters
Risks of accidents
attributable to
traffic involving
machinery, works
and labour.
132 of 286
Low
Implementation
manager
Vestas and
PETN
Implementation
period
Cost
Start of the works

and
throughout
the project
Normally
included in
the DAO; if
not, an
additional
clause is
necessary
PETN
ESIS Addendum
LIVING STANDARDS Shadow flickers effects-Light
Wind Farm in operations
Impact
source
Potential impacts
Shadows
Flickers effects
Difficulties of
acceptance
Visual gene
Acceptance
difficulties of the
flashing lights
Significance
after
mitigation
Mitigation measures
Remoteness of the wind turbine by a distance of at

least 800m from closest villages
Monitoring of the shadow flickers at these villages

Medium to low
W-Rot Technology which delivers a variable light

intensity according to the line of sight (height) (lower
intensity on the ground)
Modulation of the light intensity as a function of the

visibility
Adaptation of lighting according to need. The wind

farm will be equipped by aircraft detection in order to
turn on the lighting only when an aircraft approaches.
Visual gene
Lighting marking will be white during the day and red

at night
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Medium to low
Implementation
manager
Vestas and
PETN
Vestas and
PETN
Implementation
period
During
construction
During
and
design
construction
Cost
Normally
included in
the DAO; if
not, an
additional
clause is
necessary
Normally
included in
the DAO; if
not, an
additional
clause is
necessary
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6.6
Parties involved in implementation of the ESMP (environmental and
social management plan) and their responsibilities
The various parties involved in the implementation of the environmental monitoring and
surveillance programme are:
6.6.1 PETN
PETN is the Project company, and it is responsible for setting up and operating the future
wind farm at Taiba Ndiaye, as well as for managing and implementing measures and
periodically reporting to the authorities and to the Environmental and Social Monitoring
Committee through periodic monitoring reports. PETN will ensure that the contracting
company and its sub-contractors comply with the environmental and social clauses.
6.6.2 The HSE Manager (PETN)

The PETN HSE Manager is responsible for the implementation of the Environmental,
Hygiene and Safety policy. Taking safety and environmental concerns into account is thus
assigned to a body with recognised expertise in this field. Its mission will be to ensure the
monitoring, assessment, and supervision of measurements with a view to assessing the
effectiveness of factoring in environmental measures. The HSE Manager will be responsible
for implementing the periodic environmental report, implementing the HSE policy in force,
developing procedures, work instructions, etc. The HSE Manager will also be the focal point
for the ESMC insofar as it will be responsible for gathering data, issuing reports, etc.
6.6.3 The contracting company (EPC) (Vestas)

Vestas , the contracting company, was selected for turnkey execution of the wind farm on
behalf of the developer. At the same time, Vestas will carry out its HSE policy and will be an
important party in the execution of decisions and recommendations of the Project. It is
responsible for the full construction of the wind farm, starting with clearing bush through to
testing generator sets. The contracting company will receive general support from
Senegalese SMEs and companies for the sub-contracting of various activities. All these
enterprises are required to have an HSE policy and to comply with the environmental and
social clauses imposed by PETN.
6.6.4 The Operator of the wind farm (PETN)

PETN will be responsible for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the wind farm. PETN
will take over from the contracting company after commissioning, and will be responsible
throughout the lifespan of the wind farm.
6.6.5 The local authorities

These are the Governor, the Prefect of Tivaouane, and the Sub-Prefect of Mouane. They
act under the framework of transferred powers and represent the State authorities.
6.6.6 The ESMC (Environmental and Social Monitoring Committee)

This committee will be established under the direction of the Governor, who appoints its
members by order on the recommendation of the Prefect of Tivaouane and the Sub-Prefect
of Mouane.
The committee will be responsible for the even-handed management of all the environmental
and social aspects. It will consist of (but shall not be limited to) the following members:
The local authorities (the Governor, the Prefect, and the Sub-Prefect);
The representatives of the populations concerned;

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State technical services and their representatives;

The relevant parties concerned (NGOs, the representative of womens groups, the
representative of young people, the representative of fishermen, and of market
gardeners; and
The representatives of the Ministries of Industry, Water and Forests, Fisheries, the
Interior, etc.
This committee will be supported by PETN and its partners for effective monitoring of the
management plan. It will meet periodically in order to assess the experts reports concerning
environmental monitoring, hygiene, safety and the implementation of social measures
applied by the developer under the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),
where applicable. On this basis, the committee will issue recommendations and directives to
be followed.
6.6.7 The DEEC (Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments)

The Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments will be responsible for
implementation of the measures and recommendations approved by the technical committee
(measures concerning reductions and improvements, surveillance and monitoring), and to do
this it will work with the IREF, the IRTSS, the DPC, the CRODT, and the CGQA (entities
defined below) for the implementation and monitoring of measures for surveilling air quality,
monitoring hydrodynamic data, fisheries resources, artificial reefs where need be,
reforestation, and the safety of goods and people.
6.6.8 State technical services

The services below, among others, are concerned. The ESMC reserves the right to seek the
skills of people from other services not cited here:
The CGQA (Air Quality Management Centre);
The IRTSS (Regional Inspectorate of Labour and Social Security);
The DPC (Civil Defence Directorate);
The Tivaouane Departmental Livestock Rearing Service;
The Mboro Departmental Fisheries Service;
The Police and Gendarmerie;
The This ARD (Regional Development Agency);
The IREF (Regional Inspectorate of Water, Forests and Hunting);
Health services;
The DRDR (Regional Directorate of Rural Development);
Statistics services;
The ANAM (National Agency of Maritime Affairs); and
HASSMAR (the high authority responsible for co-ordination, maritime safety and
protection of the marine environment).
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7.1
ESIS Addendum
Biodiversity
Introduction
This chapter provides a description of the ecological baseline of the proposed Project and
identifies the potential impacts on the biological environment arising from the proposed
Project activities. The assessment follows the recommendations and requirements of the IFC
Performance Standard 6 (PS6): Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of
Living Natural Resources26. Surveys to inform this assessment have been completed by
Abba Sonko, based in Dakar, Senegal, since December 2012 with advice on survey
methodologies and scope provided by Adam Fitchet MCIEEM and Peter Burston CEnv
MCIEEM (both of Ramboll Environ) since March 2015.
This chapter is set out according to the following structure:
Section 7.2 Policy, Regulatory and Administrative Framework: provides an overview of

the legal and policy framework for the protection and conservation of nature in Senegal
and related national and international requirements.
Section 7.3 Assessment Methodology: gives a summary of the baseline assessment
methodologies and the assessment criteria specifically relating to biodiversity. This
section also describes the spatial scope for the assessment.
Section 7.4 Baseline Information: This section provides a description of the ecological
baseline, which is based on the findings from the desk study and field surveys
conducted in 2014 and ongoing in 2015 to inform this assessment.
Section 7.5 Potential Impacts: describes potential impacts (e.g. habitat loss,
fragmentation, and disturbance) of the Project during the construction, operational and
decommissioning phases. The sensitivity of receptors identified is also assessed in this
section.
Section 7.6 Mitigation: sets out mitigation measures that have been agreed as project
commitments to be implemented by the Project. According to IFC PS6, mitigation
measures should be designed to follow the mitigation hierarchy, where impacts are
progressively avoided, minimised, restored or offset.
Section 7.7 Residual Impacts: considers the residual impacts that would remain
following the implementation of the agreed mitigation measures and assesses whether
any those impacts would result in ecologically significant effects for the identified
ecological receptors.
Section 7.8 Conclusions: provides a summary of the studies completed and ongoing,
the key findings from those studies, key mitigation commitments required to comply
with PS6 and a tabulated summary of Project impacts.
26
http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/bff0a28049a790d6b835faa8c6a8312a/PS6_English_2012.pdf?MOD=AJPER
ES
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Policy, Regulatory and Administrative Framework
7.2.1 International Agreements

Senegal is a signatory to a number of conventions relevant to this assessment. These are
listed below:
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
United Nations (UN) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)27. The Convention has
three main objectives: 1. the conservation of biological diversity; 2. the sustainable use
of the components of biological diversity; and 3. the fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources. Senegal became a party to
the convention in 1995.
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)28. The Convention, also known as the Bonn
Convention, aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species
throughout their range. Senegal and has since published four national reports, the
latest in 2011.
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat
(Ramsar Convention)29. Senegal became a contracting party in 1977. The Ramsar
Convention provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for
the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES)30. CITES aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals
and plants does not threaten their species survival. The principles of CITES are based
on sustainability of the trade in order to safeguard ecological resources (e.g., live
animals and plants, as well as the vast array of wildlife products derived from them,
including food products, exotic leather goods). Senegal acceded to the Convention in
1977.
Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage31. The
Convention sets out the duties of States in identifying potential World Heritage Sites
and their role in protecting and preserving them. Senegal ratified the Convention in
1976.
Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention)32. The principal aims of the Convention are to ensure conservation and
protection of wild plant and animal species and their natural habitats (listed in
Appendices I and II of the Convention), to increase cooperation between contracting
parties, and to regulate the exploitation of those species (including migratory species)
listed in Appendix III of the Convention. To this end, the Convention imposes legal
obligations on contracting parties, protecting over 500 wild plant species and more than
1,000 wild animal species. The Convention is open to non-European countries and
Senegal acceded to it in 1987.
The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
(AEWA)33 is an intergovernmental treaty dedicated to the conservation of migratory
waterbirds and their habitats across Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia,
https://www.cbd.int/convention/
http://www.cms.int/
http://www.ramsar.org/
http://www.cites.org/
http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/nature/Bern/default_en.asp
http://www.unep-aewa.org/
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Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. It was developed to establish coordinated

conservation and management of migratory waterbirds throughout their entire migratory
range. Senegal became a party to the agreement in 1999.
Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa

and Eurasia (Raptors MOU)34. This memorandum of understanding aims to promote
internationally coordinated actions to achieve and maintain the favourable conservation
status of migratory birds of prey throughout their range in Africa and Eurasia and to
reverse their decline when and where appropriate. Senegal signed the MOU in 2008.
Amongst the conventions and agreements listed above, the UN CBD sets the stage for this
chapter, by providing a globally recognisable definition of biological diversity and also
defining clear strategies on conservation of biodiversity that are addressed within the scope
of the Project. Senegal ratified the Convention in 1994, and since then has prepared five
National Reports on Biological Diversity, the latest of which was issued in 2014.
In 2010, the Conference of Parties (COP) of the Convention adopted a revised and updated
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, which also included the Aichi Biodiversity Targets for the
period of 2011-2020. The targets provide a framework for action by all stakeholders to save
biodiversity and enhance its benefits for people35.
Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming

biodiversity across government and society;
Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable
use;
Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems,
species and genetic diversity;
Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services;
and
Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge
management and capacity building.
7.2.2 Senegalese Legal Requirements

The National Plan of Action for the Environment
In February 1995, Senegal began a process of participatory and decentralized engagement
in the preparation of its national strategy for the management of natural resources and the
environment.
The integration and synthesis of the results of this work helped lead to the adoption, in
September 1997, of a National Plan of Action for the Environment (Plan National d'Action
pour l'Environnement: PNAE).
It is one global frame of reference for ensuring the consistency of the various sectoral
policies in the field of the environment.
The development of the PNAE is part of the implementation of the initiatives taken by the
Government of Senegal, in accordance with the recommendations of the Earth Summit, held
in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992.
34
35
http://www.cms.int/raptors/en
https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/
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The PNAE notes that certain industries are responsible for the loss of large areas of
vegetation cover and consequently focuses on the need to promote a consideration of the
environmental impacts that result from the process of economic and social development of
Senegal.
National Plan of Action against Desertification
The United Nations Convention on Combating Desertification has helped Senegal, at the
national level, to develop its National Plan of Action against Desertification (Plan dAction
National de Lutte Contre la Dsertification: PAN/LCD), adopted in October 1998.
This plan was revised and updated in June 2014 to reflect the changes to the United Nations
Convention and to take account of the recommendations and instructions common to all
countries party to the Convention as well as changes to the political, legal and socioeconomic context in Senegal.
PAN/LCD is one of the major pillars of the PNAE, namely its component fight against
deforestation and land degradation.
In alignment with the ten-year strategy of the Convention, the PAN/LCD focuses on
combating desertification and land degradation in order to contribute to poverty reduction and
sustainable development for the environment.
National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation
The national strategy aims to achieve the conservation of biodiversity in Senegal while
accommodating sustainable continuation of necessary human activities such as agriculture,
hunting and fishing.
The strategy and the National Action Plan are inspired by strategic directions and the guiding
principles of the PNAE, with the key objectives based on the findings of the Senegalese
National Biodiversity Study.
Developed in 1998, it focuses on four objectives:

Conservation of biodiversity in high density sites;
The integration of biodiversity conservation in programs and production activities;
The equitable sharing of the roles, responsibilities and benefits of biodiversity

conservation; and
The education of all stakeholders on the importance of biodiversity and the need for its
conservation.
Sectoral policy letter on the Environment and Natural Resources (2009-2015)

Adopted in January 2009, this policy considers the emerging themes of a green economy
and sustainable development and provides guidelines for the new authorities created during
institutional changes in 2012 which helped refresh and fill the axes of intervention for the
sector of environment and natural resources policy.
The policy includes strategic objectives to halt the current trend towards degradation of the
environment and natural resources, by limiting deforestation and land degradation, improving
conservation of biodiversity and management of wetlands, decreasing the use of
environmentally damaging chemicals, a reduction in pollution and nuisances, measures to
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combat climate change, the promotion of sustainable production and consumption patterns
and the restoration and enhancement of degraded physical environments.
Strategy for Implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
This strategy intends to meet the needs of Senegals development while integrating the need
to address climate change. It sets out how this should be achieved within the priority
objectives of economic and social development.
Within this framework, the major measures to be taken concerning water resources and
energy include:
Changes in policies to promote more efficient and sustainable practices;
The development of new, renewable and more sustainable energy sources;
The introduction of economic incentives to adopt technologies that emit less

greenhouse gases; and
Improved energy efficiency in industrial processes and equipment.
Forest of Senegal (2005-2025) policy

The forestry policy of Senegal for the period 2005-2025 was developed in the context of
decentralization and poverty alleviation.
It follows the Forest of Senegal (PAFS) Action Plan which itself was an extension of the
Forestry Directors Plan for Development (PDDF) of 1981.
The forest policy of Senegal document was updated in 2014 to strengthen the option to
promote an effective permanent forest resources management model.
The policy goal is to contribute significantly to the reduction of poverty through the
conservation and sustainable management of forestry, the consistent implementation of the
policy of decentralization cooperation and regional partnership.
In order to achieve the policy goal, it provides several strategies or plans of action that are
based on the following principles:
Development and sustainable management of forest and wildlife resources;
Capacity-building of local communities;
Strengthening the response capabilities of the forest service;
Involvement of the private sector in forestry; and
Development of urban and semi-urban forestry.
Forest Code
The Senegal Forest Code was created by Act No. 98-03 of January 1998, supplemented by
Decree No. 98-164 of February 1998. The Code governs all plant resources and protected
areas.
The Code prohibits any activities altering soil and forest conditions in classified forests,
unless authorized by the Minister in charge of water and forests.
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Additionally, any operation must comply with the procedure for clearing as well as complying
with the prohibition to deposit waste of any kind in the classified forests and reforestation
areas.
Similarly, felling, grubbing-up, damage or the cutting of fully protected plant species is strictly
prohibited, unless authorised by the Department of Water and Forests, for scientific or
medicinal purposes. Partially protected species may only be felled, cut or uprooted under
authorisation.
7.2.3 Standards and Guidelines for International Financing

The Project is committed to implementing the IFC Performance Standards (PSs) in order to
manage social and environmental risks and impacts. IFC PS6 covers areas of biodiversity
conservation, ecosystem services and sustainable management of living resources, which
are all fundamental to achieve sustainable development. The objectives of PS6 are outlined
as follows:
To protect and conserve biodiversity;
To maintain the benefits from ecosystem services; and
To promote the sustainable management of living natural resources through the

adoption of practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities.
The requirements of PS6 are applied to projects: (i) located in modified, natural, and critical
habitats; (ii) that potentially impact on or are dependent on ecosystem services over which
the client has direct management control or significant influence; or (iii) that include the
production of living natural resources (e.g. agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and
forestry) based on the risks and impacts identification process.
Within modified, natural and critical habitat, the following requirements are applicable, inter
alia:
Modified Habitats
"The client should minimise impacts on such biodiversity and implement mitigation measures
as appropriate".
Natural Habitats
"The client will not significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, unless all of the following
are demonstrated:
No other viable alternatives within the region exist for development of the project on
modified habitat;
Consultation has established the views of stakeholders, including
Communities, with respect to the extent of conversion and degradation; and
Affected
Any conversion or degradation is mitigated according to the mitigation hierarchy.
In areas of natural habitat, mitigation measures will be designed to achieve no net loss of
biodiversity where feasible. Appropriate actions include:
Avoiding impacts on biodiversity through the identification and protection of set-asides;
Implementing measures to minimise habitat fragmentation, such as biological corridors;
Restoring habitats during operations and/or after operations; and

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Implementing biodiversity offsets."
Critical Habitats
"In areas of critical habitat, the client will not implement any project activities unless all of the
following are demonstrated:
No other viable alternatives within the region exist for development of the project on
modified or natural habitats that are not critical;
The project does not lead to measurable adverse impacts on those biodiversity values
for which the critical habitat was designated, and on the ecological processes
supporting those biodiversity values;
The project does not lead to a net reduction in the global and/or national/regional
population of any Critically Endangered or Endangered species over a reasonable
period of time; and
A robust, appropriately designed, and long-term biodiversity monitoring and evaluation
programme is integrated into the client's management programme.
In such cases where a client is able to meet the requirements defined in paragraph 17 [of
PS6], the project's mitigation strategy will be described in a Biodiversity Action Plan and will
be designed to achieve net gains of those biodiversity values for which the critical habitat
was designated."
7.3
Assessment Methodology
7.3.1 Scope
The main objective of the ecological baseline studies is to describe the biological
environment of the Project Area, which is considered to be the footprint of the Projects
infrastructure plus a buffer of approximately 500m. This corresponds with the (immediate)
DAI as set out in Chapter 4. This assessment also considers a wider potential area of
influence within which impacts from the Project may affect ecological receptors. No single
area of influence size is defined as it can vary between impacts and also between the
receptors, however, unless specified it is considered to be similar to the (distant) IAI as set
out in Chapter 4.
This assessment should be read in conjunction with the ESIS REV03 completed for the
Project in October 2014. Particular focus is paid in this ESIS Addendum to potential impacts
from the Project on bird and bat species, however it considers all elements of the biological
environment. The biological environment includes designated sites (Internationally
Recognised Areas and those protected by Senegalese Law), habitats (including terrestrial
and freshwater) and their component species. The ecological baseline has been
characterised through a combination of secondary data (desk study) and field surveys. The
field surveys were conducted in 2012, 2014 and ongoing in 2015 include:
Flora: Detailed surveys were completed previously and are reported in the ESIS
REV03. New surveys have not been completed for this assessment, however, the
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protected status of tree species within the Project Area is discussed in the Land
Compensation Assessment Report by Labosol dated 4 June 2015 (see Annex D).
Habitats: The previously compiled floral data has been used to create a habitat map of
the Project Area and provide brief descriptions of the main habitat types present.
Herptiles (Reptiles and Amphibians): Endangered, vulnerable or threatened species

which might occur within the Project Area were identified during the desk study.
Birds: Vantage Point (VP) surveys are ongoing on site, having started in March 2015.
Five locations, overlooking each of the turbine arrays are being used. A breeding bird
survey focussing on the turbine locations and access track routes was completed
between June and July 2015. These surveys build upon transect surveys completed in
2014 to compile a species list for the site and a survey of the nearby coastline for
migratory species.
Mammals: a combination of survey techniques were used to target different species

groups, including walked transects searching for signs of mammals such as tracks,
droppings or sightings. Night time ultrasonic detector surveys commenced in July 2015
for bats.
7.3.2 Desk Study

A desk study was completed by Ramboll Environ in March 2015 and updated in June 2015.
The following publicly accessible sources of information on designated sites, flora and fauna
in the vicinity of the Project Area were consulted:
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened
Species36;
Protected Planet Database37;
ECOLEX Environmental Law Database38;
Birdlife International Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas39; and
World Institute for Conservation and Environment (WICE) Senegalese Bird List40;
7.3.3 Field Surveys

Flora
A transect survey was completed in June 2014 and used to gather a representative sample
of flora across the site. The transect routes followed are shown in the report in Annex O. A
list of all floral species, including trees and shrubs that were seen during the transects, was
recorded.
Additionally, as part of a wider study completed by Labosol to assess the impacts of the
Project on the local communities, studies of the Project area were completed between
August 2014 and January 2015 and an inventory of all tree species was prepared, including
a list of all species protected or partially protected in Senegal.
Habitats
36
37
38
39
40
http://www.iucnredlist.org/
http://www.protectedplanet.net/
http://www.ecolex.org/start.php
http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/programmes/important-bird-and-biodiversity-areas-ibas
http://www.birdlist.org/senegal.htm
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No additional field surveys were completed for the habitat mapping. It was completed based
upon previously completed floral surveys.
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Herptiles
Herptile species have not been specifically surveyed within the Project Area. Information has
been compiled from a desk study.
BirdsTransect Surveys
Transect based surveys were completed in August 2012, December 2012 and April 2014. In
order to complete the transect surveys, three bird surveyors observers were driven in a
vehicle to record all of the bird species seen. At regular stopping points (stations) which
corresponded with the proposed turbine locations, ten minutes was spent observing bird
species present. Each observer either recorded the birds in front, to the left or to the right of
the vehicle. Birds were also recorded on the journeys between stopping points. Detailed lists
of birds were recorded at each transect stopping points and an estimation of the flight height
of the birds recorded.
Birds - VP Survey
An initial desk based exercise was completed to identify suitable VP locations. Five VP
locations were chosen as they provided coverage of all of the proposed turbine locations.
Surveyors use suitable locations within the Project Area in the vicinity of the locations shown,
that provide unobstructed views of the proposed turbine arrays. The observation points are
all located more than 500m away from proposed turbine locations to avoid the presence of a
surveyor influencing the activity of the birds.
Surveys are being completed at a constant survey effort in each month of the year. In each
month, each VP is surveyed on three occasions for 3 hours each time, totalling 9 hours per
month or 108 hours per VP over the course of the year of survey. The constant survey effort
approach ensures that the minimum of 36 hours is completed in each season in order to
comply with best practice guidance as set out by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH)41, but by
completing surveys in each month, differences in bird activity recorded are true reflections of
differences in bird activity rather than the result of surveys being targeted at particular
periods. It provides a much more scientific and clearer picture of the usage of a site across
the year.
During each VP survey, flights by larger species such as raptors or wildfowl that might collide
with turbines are mapped and the details of all such flights also collected. The details
collected for all flights are:
Flight number ;
Date;
Time;
Species;
Number of birds;
Flight height; and
Total time of flight including time spent at each height.
41
http://www.snh.gov.uk/planning-and-development/renewable-energy/onshore-wind/windfarm-impacts-on-birdsguidance/
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Flights are subsequently analysed to identify if they occur at potential collision height (PCH)
which is the lowest point in the turbine rotor-swept area up to the highest point in the turbine
rotor-swept area, below PCH or above PCH. Based upon the various possibilities of turbines
that might be used for the Project, the heights used are as follows:
Below PCH: 0-35m;
PCH: 35-200m;
Above PCH: >200m
Results of the surveys completed to date are provided in the survey report that can be found
in Annex O.
Birds Breeding Bird Survey
In addition to the VP survey, a breeding bird survey was completed to record if any species
use the area for breeding. For large projects, such as this one, it is appropriate to restrict the
breeding bird survey to the footprint of the Proposed Development (i.e., a survey of a 200m
buffer area around all turbine locations, access tracks and other infrastructure).
A two-visit survey was undertaken in June and July to coincide with the period when most of
the resident species are likely to be breeding. The breeding bird survey involves surveyors
walking the full extent of the survey buffer and marking the location of all birds encountered
noting their behaviour such as:
Singing;
Calling;
Alarm calling;
Feeding; and
Nesting.
By repeating the survey with a second visit, it is possible to identify if birds are continuing to
hold territories in particular locations within the survey area and therefore derive a picture of
the bird territories present.
Birds Migratory Species Coastal Survey
This survey was completed in January 2015 along the coastal region approximately six km
west of the site which forms the Niayes (from Dakar to St Louis) IBA. It was completed using
transects driven by vehicles containing three ornithological surveyors to identify all birds seen
from a primary transect parallel to the coastline as well as any additional secondary transects
allowed by the terrain and vegetation. The 126 km length of coastline being surveyed was
divided into three sections and each section was surveyed separately. Each section was
surveyed over a single day. Full details of the survey are provided in the survey report in
Annex O.
Terrestrial Mammals
All sightings of mammals or signs of mammals were recorded during the initial transect
survey completed in June 2014. Additionally, incidental sightings of all mammal species seen
whilst surveying on site have been collated.
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Bats
A variety of bat survey techniques are being used to identify bat activity within the Project
Area. Survey methods follow best practice guidance4243.
Bats- Mist Netting
A single night of mist netting was completed in June 2014 in the south of the site close to the
location of the southernmost turbine array.
Bats Roost Surveys
Following the initial mist netting survey, local towns and villages were visited in June 2014 to
search for signs of bat roosts. In particular, the survey searched for fruit bat species which
typically roost in the open in large groups, usually in trees.
Bats - Ultrasonic Detector Surveys
Fruit bats do not use echolocation to navigate and so acoustic surveys would not be
appropriate for this species. However, there are also many insect-eating bat species
Microchiroptera in Senegal that do use echolocation to navigate and find food and these are
typically crepuscular and nocturnal species. As yet, little is known of the behaviour of these
species within the Project Area. Best practice guidance suggests a combination of
approaches with both passive and active acoustic surveying completed.
Transect Survey
A monthly transect survey commenced in July 2015 following existing tracks across the
Project Area. The monthly surveys will be completed between July 2015 and February 2016.
Each transect is being completed using a vehicle which is driven slowly (<20 kph), with an
AnaBat SD2 ultrasonic bat detector held out of the window or attached to the vehicle in
some way. Every one km, there is a stopping point of three minutes. Subsequent analysis of
the recordings will allow all bat records to be assigned either to a stopping point or a section
of transect between stopping points and, therefore, create a detailed map of bat activity
across the Project Area.
Passive Surveys
In addition to the transect and emergence surveys, it is also best practice to undertake
passive acoustic surveys. These are completed by installation of AnaBat SD2 ultrasonic bat
detectors at strategic locations across the Project Area and recording for a minimum of five
nights each month at each location. In order to monitor for bats in habitats representative of
the wider Project Area, one location on each line of turbines is being monitored. This ensures
that both of the broad habitat types within the Project Area are being surveyed namely the
more open scrubby vegetation in the north and the denser vegetation dominated by mango
trees in the south.
42
43
Hundt, J.(2012) Bat Surveys, Good Practice Guidelines, 2
nd
Edition, Bat Conservation Trust, London.
Rodrigues, L.et al. (2014) Guidelines for consideration of bats in wind farm projects, EUROBATS.
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7.3.4 Impact Assessment Methodology

Within this chapter, receptor evaluation, impact categorisation and significance have been
evaluated with reference to definitive standards, published criteria and legislation, where
available. Where it has not been possible to quantify impacts and effects, qualitative
assessments have been carried out, based on expert knowledge, GIIP and professional
judgement. The following sections detail the process followed for each stage.
Receptor Sensitivity Evaluation
The sensitivity of each receptor considered in this assessment has been assessed according
to a three point scale of Low, Medium and High as set out in Table 30 details the criteria
used to assign ecology receptors to the appropriate sensitivity level. Ecological receptors that
are of less than Low sensitivity have not been taken forward within the impact assessment.
Table 30 : Receptor Sensitivity Evaluation
Sensitivity
Level
Receptor
Designated
Sites
High
Habitats
Species
Designated
Sites
Medium
Habitats
Criteria
Internationally Recognised Areas (e.g. UNESCO Natural World
Heritage Sites, UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserves,
Key Biodiversity Areas, and wetlands designated under the
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (the
Ramsar Convention)).
Habitats that trigger critical habitat under the following IFC PS6
Criteria:
Criterion 4: Highly threatened and/or unique; and/or
ecosystems
Criterion 5: Key evolutionary processes
Habitats that support species of High sensitivity
Species populations that trigger critical habitat under the
following IFC PS6 Criteria:
Criterion 1: Critically Endangered (CR) and/or Endangered
(EN) species;
Criterion 2: Endemic and/or restricted-range species; and/or
Criterion 3: Migratory and/or congregatory species.
Nationally designated areas.
Areas of habitat that represent >1% distribution within Senegal
or are threatened at a national level.
Habitats that support species of Medium sensitivity.
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Sensitivity
Level
ESIS Addendum
Receptor
Nationally/regionally important concentrations of a Vulnerable

(VU) species, or locally important concentrations of Critically
Endangered (CR) and/or Endangered (EN) species.
Locally important populations of endemic / range-restricted
species.
Populations of migratory species that represent >1 % of the
national (Senegal) population.
Species
Designated
Sites
Low
N/A.
Natural habitats that do not meet the criteria for either medium
or high sensitivity.
Habitats that support species of Low sensitivity.
Locally important populations of Near Threatened (NT) or
Vulnerable (VU) species, or locally important populations of
species listed on Annexes to the Bern Convention.
Receptors that do not meet the criteria listed for Low to High
sensitivity.
Habitats
Species
Negligible
Criteria
All
Impact Characterisation
Seven key parameters are considered to describe the characteristics of an impact. These are
set out in Table 31 below.
Table 31 : Parameters considered to characterize an Impact

Parameter
Likelihood of
Impact
Direction
Size or
amount
Description
The likelihood of an impact occurring. The following convention, adapted
from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is adopted:
Virtually certain > 99% probability of occurrence
Extremely likely 96 - 99%
Very likely 91 - 95%
Likely 67 - 90%
More likely than not 51 - 66%
Possible 34 - 50%
Unlikely 11 - 33%
Very unlikely 6 - 10%
Extremely unlikely < 5%
Impacts are either adverse (negative) or beneficial (positive).

The size or amount of an impact, determined on a quantitative basis where
possible, e.g. a specified percentage, partial or total loss of an area of
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Parameter
Extent
Duration
Reversibility
Timing /
Frequency
ESIS Addendum
Description
habitat or impacts upon a specified proportion of a population. Where exact
amounts are unquantifiable, this is stated.
The area over which an impact occurs. If the receptor being considered is a
habitat type, magnitude and extent may be synonymous.
The time for which the impact is expected to last prior to recovery of the
receptor or replacement of the receptor by similar resource (in terms of
quality and / or quantity). This is expressed as a short term, medium term,
or long term effect relative to the receptor that is impacted.
Irreversible impacts: permanent changes from which recovery is not possible
within a reasonable time scale or for which there is no reasonable chance of
action being taken to reverse it.
Reversible impact: temporary changes in which spontaneous recovery is
possible or for which effective mitigation (avoidance / cancellation / reduction
of effect) or compensation (offset / recompense / offer benefit) is possible.
When the impact will occur and whether it is repeated or a one-off event.
The parameters above are considered to reach an overall impact magnitude of either high,
moderate, low or negligible. Table 32 and Table 33 illustrate what that might mean for
habitats and species respectively.
Table 32 : impact Magnitude - Habitats

Magnitude
Description
High (4)
The impact has the potential to adversely affect the integrity of an

area/region, by substantially changing in the long term its ecological
features, structures and functions, across its whole area, that enable it to
sustain the habitat, complex of habitats and/or population levels of species
that makes it important.
Moderate (3)
The area/regions integrity is predicted to not be adversely affected in the

long term, but the project is likely to affect some, if not all, of the areas
ecological features, structures and functions in the short or medium term.
The area/region may be able to recover through natural regeneration and
restoration.
Low (2)
Neither of the above applies, but some minor impacts of limited extent, or to
some elements of the area, are evident but easy to recover through natural
regeneration.
Negligible (1)
Indiscernible from natural variability.
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Table 33: Impact Magnitude - Species

Magnitude
Description
High (4)
Impact on a species that affects an entire population to cause a decline in

abundance and/or change in distribution beyond which natural recruitment
(reproduction, immigration from unaffected areas) would not return that
population or species, or any population or species dependent upon it, to its
former level within several generations[1], or when there is no possibility of
recovery.
Moderate (3)
Impact affects a portion of a population and may bring about a change in

abundance and/or a reduction in the distribution over one or more
generations*, but does not threaten the long-term integrity of that population
or any population dependent on it. The size and cumulative character of the
consequence is also important. A moderate magnitude impact multiplied
over a wide area would be regarded as a high magnitude impact.
Low (2)
A low magnitude impact on a species affects a specific group of localized

individuals within a population over a short time period (one generation or
less), but does not affect other tropic levels or the population itself.
Indiscernible from natural variability.
Negligible (1)
Impact Significance
In this assessment an ecologically significant impact is defined following IEEM (2006), as
resulting from "an impact (beneficial or adverse) on the integrity of a defined site or
ecosystem and / or the conservation status of habitats or species within a defined
geographical area." The determination of ecological significance is based on professional
judgement.
The significance of an impact on a receptor is determined as a relationship between the
magnitude of a predicted impact and the sensitivity of the receptor upon which it is acting.
Table 34 illustrates this relationship and shows the likely level of significance increasing from
not significant to minor to moderate to major significance.
[1]
These are generations of the animal/plant species under consideration not human generations
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Table 34 : impact Significance
Impact Magnitude
Receptor Sensitivity (vulnerability and value)

Negligible
Low
Moderate
High
Negligible
Not significant
Not significant
Not significant
Minor
Low
Not significant
Minor
Minor/
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Not significant
Minor/
Moderate
Moderate
Major
High
Minor
Moderate
Major
Major
In addition to the criteria set out in Table 34, IFC PS6 sets out definitions for modified, natural
and critical habitats as follows:
Modified habitats: areas that may contain a large proportion of plant and/or animal
species of non-native origin, and/or where human activity has substantially modified an
areas primary ecological functions and species composition. Modified habitats may
include areas managed for agriculture, forest plantations, reclaimed coastal zones, and
reclaimed wetlands.
Natural habitats: areas composed of viable assemblages of plant and/or animal
species of largely native origin, and/or where human activity has not essentially
modified an areas primary ecological functions and species composition.
Critical habitat: areas with high biodiversity value, including (i) habitat of significant
importance to Critically Endangered and/or Endangered species; (ii) habitat of
significant importance to endemic and/or restricted-range species; (iii) habitat
supporting globally significant concentrations of migratory species and/or congregatory
species; (iv) highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems; and/or (v) areas associated
with key evolutionary processes.
Each of the habitats described in the baseline description section of this chapter are
categorised as being either modified or natural habitat according to the IFC PS6 definitions.
Annex M provides a detailed Critical Habitat Assessment (CHA) within the Project Area, and
the findings are summarised in section 7.7.2 of this chapter. All critical habitats are assessed
to be of high sensitivity according to the criteria detailed in Table 30.
IFC PS6 sets out a series of requirements in relation to modified, natural and critical habitat.
Of particular relevance to the impact assessment are the requirements to achieve no net loss
of biodiversity in areas of natural habitat and a net gain of biodiversity values for which the
critical habitat was designated.
Within the scope of IFC PS6, it is important to evaluate ecosystem services that a particular
site offers, which include benefits that people, including businesses, derive from
ecosystems. Accordingly, IFC defines four types of ecosystem services (IFC, 2012):
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Provisioning services, which are the products people obtain from ecosystems;
Regulating services, which are the benefits people obtain from the regulation of
ecosystem processes;
Cultural services, which are the non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems;
and
Supporting services, which are the natural processes that maintain the other services.
IFC requires that a project owner carries out a systematic review to identify priority
ecosystem services, which are referred to as an Ecosystem Services Review (ESR). For the
purposes of PS6 implementation and the ESR, ecosystem services are categorised as two
types:
Type I: Provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services, over which
the client has direct management control or significant influence, and where impacts on
such services may adversely affect communities; and
Type II: Provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services, over
which the client has direct management control or significant influence, and on which
the project directly depends for it.
The ESR for the Project is provided in Annex N.
7.4
Baseline Information
7.4.1 Designated Sites

International Sites
Niayes (Dakar to St. Louis) Important Bird and Biodiversity Area
This IBA is characterised by a series of permanent and temporary (niayes) waterbodies
situated behind the line of coastal sand dunes for a 150 km long stretch between Dakar and
St. Louis. At its closest point, it lies approximately 700 m from the Project Area and was
designated in 2001 for trigger populations of the following species44:
Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis, breeding and winter (250 pairs/500 individuals);
Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca, breeding (250 pairs);
Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio, winter (104 individuals);
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei, winter (145 individuals); and
White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus, winter (2,000 individuals).
In addition to those species, the site supports roosts of black kite Milvus migrans, as well as
occasional large groups of waterbirds such as avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, lesser flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor and tern Sterna species.
The IBA is considered to be particularly important for wintering migratory species which is
why a survey was completed of the IBA area for the Project.
44
BirdLife International (2015) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Niayes (from Dakar to St Louis). Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 10/06/2015
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The section of the IBA adjacent to the western edge of the Project Area is also the Darou
Community Nature Reserve.
La Petite Cte Important Bird and Biodiversity Area
This IBA is a 70 km long coastal strip south of Dakar from Bargny south to the village of
Mbodine and contains sand dunes, offshore sandbars, beaches and some permanent and
temporary waterbodies. At its closest point, it lies approximately 45 km from the Project Area
and was designated in 2001 for trigger populations of the following species45:
Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens, breeding (1,500-2,000 pairs);
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii, winter (160 individuals);
Slender-billed Gull Larus genei, winter (1,185 individuals); and
Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia, winter (240 individuals)
It is the most important breeding area in Senegal for pink-backed pelican. In addition to the
trigger species, the site regularly supports large numbers of curlew sandpiper Calidris
ferruginea, as well as frequent wintering Montagus harrier Circus pygargus. Large groups of
herons and egrets breed within the site.
Cap Vert Important Bird and Biodiversity Area
This small IBA comprises a 19 km strip of coastline on the Cap Vert peninsula at the western
edge of Dakar. It includes rocky shore, reefs and two offshore islands. At its closest point, it
lies approximately 60 km from the Project Area and was designated in 2001 for trigger
populations of the following species46:
Audouin's Gull Larus audouinii, winter (280 individuals)
Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis winter (13,000 individuals); and
Black Tern Chlidonias niger passage (23,923 individuals)
It is an extremely important site for migratory seabirds with huge numbers passing through in
spring and autumn. Dolphins are also a common sight in the waters between the islands.
National Sites
Forest of Pire Goureye and Bandia
These two forest reserves lie 6 km east and 40 km south of the Project Area, respectively.
Information on the species supported is limited but they are likely to support many of the
small passerine bird species also found on site as well as bats and terrestrial mammals.
45
BirdLife International (2015) Important Bird Areas factsheet: La Petite Cte. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 11/06/2015
46
BirdLife International (2015) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Cap Vert. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org
on 11/06/2015
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Figure 21 Designated Sites

The IBAs are internationally recognised areas which support important populations of
overwintering and breeding birds. In particular, the Niayes IBA is considered to represent
Critical Habitat under PS6. As such they are considered to have high sensitivity.
The National Forests are nationally recognised areas which are likely to support a number of
nationally important species. As such they are considered to have medium sensitivity.
7.4.2 Flora
Desk Study
Full details of the flora found within the Project Area were provided in the ESIS REV03 and
are not repeated here. Since that assessment, the protected status of a number of species
found within the Project Area has been considered further. No species of greater
conservation concern than vulnerable occurs within Senegal. Of the tree species recorded
within the Project Area, the following six tree species are partially protected under the
Senegalese Forest Code:
Table 35 : Protected Tree Species

Species
Number of Trees Recorded in Immediate

Vicinity of Project Infrastructure
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Species
African Palmyra Palm Borassus aethiopum
Apple-ring Acacia (Kad) Faidherbia albida
(formerly Acacia albida)
Baobab Adansonia digitata
Ber Ziziphus mauritiana
Somb tree Prosopis africana
Tamarind Tamarindis indica
Number of Trees Recorded in Immediate

Vicinity of Project Infrastructure
225 mature, 76 immature
4 mature
8 mature
These species may only be felled or cut under authorisation of the Department of Water and
Forests.
Figure 22 - Tree Species within the Project Area

The flora of the Project Area and particularly the trees listed in Table 35, are considered to
have low sensitivity as although they receive partial protection, they are not rare or declining
species in Senegal.
7.4.3 Habitats
Fruit Tree Production Areas
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The Project Area is dominated by fruit tree production with mango Mangifera indica the most
abundant species. The usage of the area for fruit production can be explained by its location
close to the sea which provides both a suitable climate and has allowed a fertile soil for
horticulture to develop. Neem Azadiracta indica trees are common under and amongst the
trees but is something of a pest species. Very little ground flora occurs with bare ground
apparent in most areas.
Scattered Trees
Standing amongst the fruit trees are scattered single or small groups of native tree species
including those listed previously in Table 35. Many of the trees are utilised by local people to
provide fodder for livestock. Additionally, trees such as the Apple-ring acacia are retained as
they perform a nitrogen fixation role. Many such trees are scattered at the margins of the
various villages within the Project area.
Savanna
An area within the northern part of the Project Area, close to where the northernmost turbine
array is proposed to be located, is a more open scrub vegetation type with grasses
dominating and occasional small trees and patches of scrubby bushes.
Figure 23 Habitats within the Project Area
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The habitats of the Project Area are considered to have low sensitivity as they are all human
influenced habitats that have been created or altered by human activity. They are not rare or
declining habitats in Senegal and are considered to be modified habitats under IFC PS6.
7.4.4 Herptiles
Desk Study
Three reptile or amphibian species of near-threatened, vulnerable, endangered or critically
endangered IUCN red list status occur in Senegal:
Slender-snouted crocodile Mecistops cataphractus (Critically endangered);
African spurred tortoise Centrochelys sulcata (Vulnerable); and
Armitage's cylindrical skink Chalcides armitagei (Near Threatened).
However, of these three species, only the African spurred tortoises range overlaps with the
Project Area.
The herptiles of the Project Area are considered to have low sensitivity as there are no
endangered species that occur. African spurred tortoise is a desert specialist which has a
declining population. The Project Area provides very limited potential to support the species.
7.4.5 Birds
Desk Study
Four IUCN red list endangered species occur in Senegal. All four species are vultures and all
four have declining populations. The distribution of the white-backed, Rppells and hooded
vultures overlaps with the Project Area. The distribution of Egyptian vulture does not overlap
the Project Area, however breeding populations occur to the north of Senegal in Mauritania
and in the south-east of Senegal and into the neighbouring countries of Mali and Guinea.
Two distinct overwintering populations occur in the region with some birds overwintering in
the area around the mouth of the Senegal River on the boundary with Mauritania and others
overwintering in Gambia. As shown in Table 36, the range of five vulnerable species and
nine near-threatened species also overlap with the Project Area. The populations of all of
those species are decreasing.
Table 36 : Bird Species of Near-threatened, or worse, status which occur in Senegal
Common Name
Scientific Name
IUCN Red list

Status
White-backed vulture
Gyps africanus
Endangered
47
Rppells vulture
Gyps rueppelli
Endangered
48
Yes
Hooded vulture
Necrosyrtes monachus
Endangered
49
Yes
Egyptian vulture
Neophron percnopterus
Endangered
47
Range
Overlaps
Project Area
Yes
No
It is proposed to change the status of this species to Critically Endangered: http://www.birdlife.org/globallythreatened-bird-forums/2015/07/proposed-status-changes-for-six-species-of-african-vulture/

48
Ibid
49
Ibid
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Common Name
Scientific Name
IUCN Red list

Status
Aquatic warbler
Black crowned-crane
Yellow-casqued hornbill
Beaudouin's snake-eagle
Marbled teal
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Martial eagle
Secretarybird
Lappet-faced vulture
Acrocephalus paludicola
Balearica pavonina
Ceratogymna elata
Circaetus beaudouini
Marmaronetta
angustirostris
Polemaetus bellicosus
Sagittarius serpentarius
Torgos tracheliotos
Vulnerable
50
White-headed vulture
Trigonoceps occipitalis
Vulnerable
51
Arabian bustard
Ferruginous duck
Pallid harrier
European roller
Great snipe
Audouin's Gull
Black-tailed Godwit
Denham's Bustard
Eurasian Curlew
Lesser Flamingo
Feas Petrel
African Skimmer
Crowned eagle
Bateleur
Ardeotis arabs
Aythya nyroca
Circus macrourus
Coracias garrulus
Gallinago media
Larus audouinii
Limosa limosa
Neotis denhami
Numenius arquata
Phoenicopterus minor
Pterodroma feae
Rynchops flavirostris
Stephanoaetus coronatus
Terathopius ecaudatus
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Range
Overlaps
Project Area
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Transect Survey (2014)

A list of bird species was provided with the ESIS REV03. This was derived from the transect
surveys completed in 2012. That information is not repeated here. A review of the list of
species did not identify any of the previously listed endangered bird species as having been
recorded.
Sixty six species were recorded during the 2014 transect survey with no endangered species
recorded and all of the species are of least concern on the IUCN red list. No IBA trigger
species from the three IBAs closest to the Project and detailed in previous sections were
recorded within the Project Area.
50
It is proposed to change the status of this species to Endangered: http://www.birdlife.org/globally-threatenedbird-forums/2015/07/proposed-status-changes-for-six-species-of-african-vulture/

51
It is proposed to change the status of this species to Critically Endangered: http://www.birdlife.org/globallythreatened-bird-forums/2015/07/proposed-status-changes-for-six-species-of-african-vulture/
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Table 37 : Bird Species Recorded During 2014 Transect

Common name
Scientific Name
Brown snake eagle
Circaetus cinereus
Lizard buzzard
Kaupifalco monogrammicus
Black kite
Milvus migrans
20
African palm swift
Cypsiurus parvus
36
Grey heron
Ardea cinerea
Cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis
Red-billed hornbill
Tockus erythrorhynchus
164
Tockus nasutus
47
Senegal thick-knee
Burhinus senegalensis
African wattled lapwing
Vanellus lugubris
Black-headed lapwing
Vanellus tectus
27
Spur-winged lapwing
Vanellus spinosus
Blue-naped mousebird
Urocolius macrourus
28
Speckled pigeon
Columba guinea
16
Namaqua dove
Oena capensis
15
Mourning collared dove
Streptopelia decipiens
11
Red-eyed dove
Streptopelia semitorquata
47
Laughing dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
154
Vinaceous dove
Streptopelia vinacea
18
Abyssinian roller
Coracias abyssinica
10
Rufous crowned roller
Coracias naevius
10
Pied crow
Corvus albus
26
Piacpiac
Ptilostomus afer
45
Senegal coucal
Centropus senegalensis
11
Rufous-tailed scrub robin

Peregrine falcon
Cercotrichas galactotes
Falco peregrinus
2
2
Common kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
White rumped seedeater
Crithagra leucopygius
32
Yellow billed shrike
Corvinella corvina
Yellow crowned gonolek
Laniarius barbarus
19
Woodchat shrike
Lanius senator
Black-crowned tchagra
Tchagra senegala
Green bee-eater
Merops orientalis
Western plantain eater
Crinifer piscator
Scarlet chested sunbird
Chalcomitra senegalensis
25
Beautiful sunbird
Nectarinia pulchella
White-shouldered tit
Parus guineensis
556
Double spurred francolin
Francolinus bicalcaratus
19
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Common name
Scientific Name
Number of Records
Cut-throat finch
Amadina fasciata
White-billed buffalo weaver
Bubalornis albirostris
100
Red-Cheeked Cordon Bleu
Estrilda bengala
44
Red billed firefinch
Lagonosticta senegala
African silverbill
Lonchura cantans
Bronze mannikin
Lonchura cucullata
10
Sudan golden sparrow
Passer luteus
45
House sparrow
Passer domesticus
28
Northern grey headed sparrow
Passer griseus
68
Village weaver
Ploceus cucullatus
234
Little weaver
Ploceus luteolus
149
Black-headed weaver
Ploceus melanocephalus
10
Village indigobird
Vidua chalybeata
15
Senegal parrot
Poicephalus senegalus
24
Rose-ringed parakeet
Psittacula krameri
28
Common bulbul
Pycnonotus barbatus
276
Long-tailed glossy starling
Lamprotornis caudatus
102
Greater blue-eared starling
Lamprotornis chalybaeus
52
Chestnut bellied starling
Lamprotornis pulcher
88
African reed warbler
Acrocephalus baeticatus
12
Zitting cisticola
Cisticola juncidis
Willow warbler
Phylloscopus trochilus
Subalpine warbler
Sylvia cantillans
Brown babbler
Black scrub robin
Turdoides plebejus
Cercotrichas podob
7
34
White-fronted black chat
Myrmecocichla albifrons
128
Whinchat
Saxicola rubetra
Black scimitarbill
Rhinopomastus aterrimus
Migratory Species Coastal Survey

A total of 28 species were recorded during the survey within the Niayes IBA which lies
outside of and to the west of the Project Area. No endangered species were recorded and all
but one of the species are of least concern on the IUCN red list. The exception is Audouins
gull which is near-threatened. Of the five IBA trigger species previously listed, only slender
billed gull was recorded.
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Table 38 : Bird Species seen during Migratory Species Coastal Survey

Common Name
Scientific Name
Grey heron
Ardea cinerea
20
Ruddy turnstone
Arenaria interpres
91
Cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis
90
Sanderling
Calidris alba
4,734
Little ringed plover
Charadrius dubius
41
Ringed plover
Charadrius hiaticula
312
Black tern
Chlidonias niger
29
Speckled pigeon
Columba guinea
10
Audouins gull
Larus audouinii
110
Grey-headed gull
Larus cirrhocephalus
44
Lesser black-backed gull
Larus fuscus
14,116
Slender billed gull
Larus genei
1,690
Dark-chanting goshawk
Melierax metabates
Black kite
Milvus migrans
Whimbrel
Osprey
Numenius phaeopus
Pandion halietus
Great white pelican
Pelecanus onocrotalus
Pink backed pelican
Pelecanus rufesens
Long-tailed cormorant
Microcarbo africanus
Grey plover
Pluvialis Squatarola
10
Little tern
Sterna albifrons
Lesser crested tern
Sterna bengalensis
Caspian tern
Sterna caspia
2,949
Common tern
Sterna hirundo
14
Royal tern
Sterna maxima
2,274
Sandwich tern
Thalasseus sandvicensis
2,043
Laughing dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
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Number of Records
34
209
3,484
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Vantage Point Surveys March 2015 Onwards

Standardised VP surveys as described in the methodology, commenced in March 2015 from
the locations shown in Figure 7.4.
Figure 24 - Bird VP Locations
During the observations completed up to and including August 2015, 27 species were
recorded in total from the VPs with 11 separate species recorded in March 2015, 14 species
in April 2015, 13 species in June 2015, 16 species in July 2015 and 16 species in August
2015. No flights by trigger species from the three coastal IBAs closest to the Project Area
were recorded. The majority of flights were by pied crow and black kite52 flying below PCH
and with the exception of two flights, were all made by species of least concern on the IUCN
red list. Those two flights were made by hooded vulture which is currently listed as
Endangered on the IUCN red list. The first observation was made on 10th April 2015 from VP
one in the north of the Project Area. The flight occurred during the daytime VP completed
between 11 am and 2 pm and the bird flew to a maximum height of 15 m, which is below
PCH. The second observation was made on 30th August 2015 from VP two, again in the
north of the Project Area. This flight was also seen during the daytime 11 am-2 pm
observation period and flew at 35 m which is the lowest limit of PCH. The species was also
52
All records of black kite simply identify the bird as M. migrans a migrant species that overwinters in Africa and
breeds in Europe. However, as seen during the Ramboll Environ site visit and in discussion with the in country
specialists completing the surveys, many of the black kites seen in Senegal are resident yellow billed kites M.
aegypticus, considered by some to be a subspecies of black kite but now more often considered to be its own
species. However, the two are still considered to be one species in the IUCN red list.
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recorded on one occasion during the breeding bird observations in June/July. The
observations are consistent with occasional but consistent use of the Project Area by the
species. This is discussed in more detail in the (CHA) in Annex M.
Of the other species recorded, most are resident in Senegal with only a few exceptions.
African cuckoo Cuculus gularis and Levaillants cuckoo Clamator levaillantii are both intra
African migrants. Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, Pallid harrier Circus macrourus and
short-toed snake eagle Circaetus gallicus are all western palearctic migrants which
overwinter in Africa. However, short-toed snake eagle was recorded throughout the summer
suggesting that it might be a juvenile bird (or more than one) as juveniles sometimes dont
migrate in their first summer.
Table 39 : Bird Species Recorded in March 2015 from VPs in Project Area
Common name
Scientific Name
Dark chanting goshawk

Brown snake eagle
Pied crow
Black-winged kite
Common kestrel
Great egret
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Melierax metabates
Circaetus cinereus
Corvus albus
Elanus caeruleus
Falco tinnunculus
Ardea alba
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Crinifer piscator
Number of Flights
Recorded
1
1
18
1
5
1
1
6
6
54
14
Table 40 : Bird Species Recorded in April 2015 from VPs in Project Area
Common name
Scientific Name
Short-toed snake eagle
Pied crow
Black-winged kite
Common kestrel
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Black-bellied bustard
Melierax metabates
Circaetus gallicus
Corvus albus
Elanus caeruleus
Falco tinnunculus
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Lissotis melanogaster
Coracias naevius
Crinifer piscator
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Number of Flights
Recorded
2
6
18
3
9
1
2
25
5
16
2
1
1
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Common name
Scientific Name
Hooded vulture
Number of Flights
Recorded
1
Table 41 : Bird Species Recorded in June 2015 from VPs in Project Area
Common name
Scientific Name
Speckled pigeon
Pied crow
Black-winged kite
Common kestrel
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Melierax metabates
Circaetus gallicus
Columba guinea
Corvus albus
Elanus caeruleus
Falco tinnunculus
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Crinifer piscator
Tockus nasutus
Number of Flights
Recorded
1
2
3
21
1
10
1
1
17
2
13
2
1
Table 42 : Bird Specied Recorded in July 2015 from VPs in Project Area
Common name
Scientific Name
Brown snake eagle
Pied crow
Black-winged kite
Common kestrel
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Speckled pigeon
Peregrine falcon
Lanner falcon
African cuckoo
Melierax metabates
Circaetus cinereus
Corvus albus
Elanus caeruleus
Falco tinnunculus
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Columba guinea
Crinifer piscator
Falco peregrinus
Falco biarmicus
Tockus nasutus
Cuculus gularis
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Number of Flights
Recorded
6
1
11
1
9
3
9
3
12
1
35
1
1
1
1
1
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Table 43 : Bird Species Recorded in August 2015 from VPs in Project Area
Common name
Scientific Name
Pied crow
Common kestrel
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Hooded vulture
Levaillants cuckoo
Speckled pigeon
Red necked falcon
Common cuckoo
White-faced whistling duck
Pallid harrier
Peregrine falcon
Senegal thick knee
Melierax metabates
Corvus albus
Falco tinnunculus
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Clamator levaillantii
Columba guinea
Falco chicquera
Cuculus canorus
Dendrocyna viduata
Circus macrourus
Falco peregrinus
Burhinus senegalensis
Number of Flights
Recorded
1
12
1
1
6
2
18
1
2
5
2
1
2
1
1
1
Table 44 : Bird Species Recorded during Breeding Bird Survey

Common name
Scientific Name
Pied crow
Black-winged kite
Common kestrel
Great egret
Grey heron
Cattle egret
Black-headed heron
Black kite
Hooded vulture
Melierax metabates
Circaetus gallicus
Corvus albus
Elanus caeruleus
Falco tinnunculus
Egretta alba
Ardea cinerea
Bubulcus ibis
Ardea melanocephala
Milvus migrans
Coracias naevius
Crinifer piscator
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Number of
Records
3
7
36
4
14
1
1
3
31
3
70
2
1
15
1
Breeding
Y/N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
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Additional Records
During mist netting surveys for bats within the Project Area, two northern white-faced owls
Ptilopsis leucotis and three sooty chats Myrmecocichla nigra were also caught. Both are
species not previously identified within the Project Area.
Additionally, whilst within the Project Area for a site visit in April 2015, Ramboll Environ
experts also recorded tawny-flanked prinia Prinia subflava, fork-tailed drongo Dicrurus
adsimilis and pearl spotted owlet Glaucidium perlatum within the Project Area.
All five of these additional species are species of least concern.
The majority of the bird species recorded within the Project Area are common species of low
conservation concern with extensive distributions. As such, with the exception of hooded
vulture, the suite of birds recorded within the Project Area is considered to have low
sensitivity.
Hooded vulture is an endangered species with the bird(s) seen within the Project Area likely
to be from the local resident population. The CHA (Annex M) considers the area within which
the Project is located (Discreet Management Unit (DMU as described in the CHA) to qualify
as Critical Habitat for the species under Criterion 1, Tier 2. As such, it is considered to have
high sensitivity.
7.4.6 Terrestrial Mammals

Desk Study
Sixteen species of mammal that occur in Senegal are either critically endangered (one
species), endangered (three species) vulnerable (eight species), threatened (zero species)
or near-threatened (four species) according to the IUCN red list. Only one species, striped
hyaena Hyaena hyaena, has a known distribution range which overlaps the Project Area. Its
population is decreasing.
Table 45: Terrestrial Mammal Species of Near-threatened, or worse, status in Senegal

Common name
Scientific Name
IUCN Red List Status
Dama gazelle
African wild dog
Chimpanzee
West-African red colobus
Cheetah
Sooty mangabey
Red-fronted gazelle
Dorcas gazelle
Hippopotamus
Nanger dama,
Lycaon pictus,
Pan troglodytes
Procolobus badius
Acinonyx jubatus
Cercocebus atys
Eudorcas rufifrons
Gazella Dorcas
Hippopotamus amphibius
Critically Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
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Range
overlaps
Project
Area
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
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Common name
Scientific Name
African elephant
Lion
Giant ground pangolin
African golden cat
Striped hyaena
Leopard
Guinea baboon
Loxodonta africana
Panthera leo
Smutsia gigantea
Caracal aurata
Hyaena hyaena
Panthera pardus
Papio papio
IUCN Red List Status
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Near-threatened
Range
overlaps
Project
Area
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Transect Surveys
The transect survey in 2014 recorded sightings or signs of seven mammals within the Project
Area. All are species of least concern in the IUCN red list with none of the species listed in
Table 46 recorded within the Project Area.
Table 46 : Mammal Species Recorded within the Project Area

Common Name
Scientific Name
Hare
Striped ground squirrel
Golden jackal
African civet
Banded mongoose
White-tailed mongoose
Gambian sun-squirrel
Lepus sp.
Xerus erythropus
Canis aureus
Civettictis civetta
Mungos mungo
Ichneumia albicauda
Heliosciurus gambianus
Number of
Records
6
37
field signs
field signs
field signs
field signs
4

The mammals recorded within the Project Area are all species of low conservation concern.
Of the species of higher conservation concern that occur within Senegal, only the range of
striped hyaena overlaps the Project area and no signs of that species have been recorded.
As such, the suite of mammals recorded within the Project Area is considered to have low
sensitivity.
7.4.7 Bats
Desk Study
Forty five species of bat are known to occur in Senegal with the ranges of 15 of those
species overlapping the Project Area. Only two species of bat which are known to occur in
Senegal are considered to be threatened, vulnerable or endangered. The species are:
Guinean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus guineensis; and

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African straw-coloured fruit bat Eidolon helvum.
The Guinean horseshoe bat is listed as vulnerable but its known range does not overlap the
Project Area. Straw coloured fruit bat is near threatened with a declining population and its
known range does overlap the Project Area.
Mist Netting
The mist netting survey in 2014 caught one species of bat within the Project Area, six African
straw-coloured fruit bats were caught.
Roost Surveys
The roost surveys identified four bat roosts in the vicinity of the Project Area.
Two large roosts were identified in Tivaouane and Thies, 9 km and 20 km, respectively, from
the Project Area. The Tivaouane roost contained 10,391 bats when surveyed in June 2014,
with 11,468 in the Thies roost when surveyed. The roosts contained the following species of
bat:
Gambian epauletted fruit bat Epomophorus gambianus;
African straw-coloured fruit bat Eidolon helvum;
Peter's dwarf epauletted fruit bat Micropteropus pusillus; and
Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus.
Figure 25 Bat Roost Locations

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The three species not previously described in this assessment are all species of least
concern on the IUCN red list.
Two smaller roosts of unknown bat species were also recorded to the north of the Project
Area, with a roost at the farm station at Mboro and another in the Hotel at Lake Khondio. The
roosts are 4 km and 7 km north of the Project Area, respectively.
Ultrasonic Detector Surveys
Ultrasonic bat surveys in the form of transect surveys commenced in early July 2015. Four
species of bat were recorded during the initial transect surveys:
Guinean pipistrelle bat Neoromicia guineensis;
Rendalls serotine Neoromicia rendalli;
Greater mouse-tailed bat Rhinopoma microphyllum; and
Yellow winged bat Lavia frons.
All species were only recorded within villages along the transects with no registrations of bats
made in the open habitats outside of the villages. All species were recorded in low numbers
with only single bats encountered at any one time.
The African straw coloured fruit bat, the only endangered bat species confirmed within the
Project Area at present, is a vulnerable species with a declining population. As such, it is
considered to have medium sensitivity.
At present only four species have been recorded within the Project Area. Some other bat
species could occur, particularly smaller Microchiroptera which feed on insects. A number of
new species have recently been recorded in nearby Gambia and the Project Area offers
good feeding and roosting opportunities for bats. As such, in order to be precautionary, the
overall suite of bat species is also considered to have medium sensitivity.
7.5
Limitations to Assessment
No significant limitations to the assessment are considered to exist. The absence of May
2015 VP data is lamentable, however that period falls between the key migratory period and
the breeding period so it is considered extremely unlikely that it has resulted in any key
species or movements being missed. This is because the migratory period was well covered
and the VPs completed between June and August 2015 provide more than sufficient time for
resident species regularly using the Project Area during that period to be identified. Ideally,
all VP survey work would be complete ahead of completion of an assessment, however, the
desk study and the field work completed to date have identified that the key period for bird
movements within the Project Area is the migration period. Surveys have identified one
endangered species overflying the Project Area and this led to its inclusion as Critical Habitat
for that species. With such an assessment comes a requirement to ensure a net gain for the
receptor in question, in this case, hooded vulture. As such, mitigation has been developed
that would deliver a net gain. This mitigation is adaptive and flexible and even if other
endangered species of bird are subsequently identified flying over the Project Area where
impacts from the Project such as collision risk, or barrier effects might affect them, the
proposed mitigation could easily be adapted to also include those species. However, it is
important to note that whilst standardised VP surveys only commenced in March 2014,
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specialist ornithologists have completed surveys of the Project Area in 2012 and 2014 and
have not identified any such endangered species previously.
Similarly, bat survey work is ongoing and results are incomplete at the time of this
assessment and so a similarly precautionary approach to the assessment of impacts on bird
species has been adopted for the assessment of impacts on bat species. The potential for
the Project Area to support other, smaller and potentially higher flying bat species has been
considered and appropriate mitigation developed to address the potential impacts identified.
7.6
Summary of Receptor Sensitivity Evaluations
Table 47 : Summary of Receptor Sensitivity Evaluation

Receptor
Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas
Forest Reserves
Flora (partially protected trees)
Habitats
Herptiles
Birds (excluding Hooded vulture)
Hooded vulture
Terrestrial Mammals
Bats
7.7
Sensitivity
High
Medium
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
Low
Medium
Potential Impacts
7.7.1 Construction and Decommissioning Impacts

Impacts on Designated Sites
Accidental releases of silt, fuel or lubricants during the construction phase of the
westernmost turbines closest to the Niayes IBA, may indirectly degrade the condition of
watercourses or waterbodies that have hydrological connectivity with the IBA by affecting
biological and chemical water quality and the physical character of substrates. In most cases,
degradation would be temporary. Such an impact would be a high magnitude, adverse
impact that could affect a small section of the IBA, which is considered to be Critical Habitat
under PS6. The impact would have at least a short-term duration, but depending on the
pollutant released could result in a long term or even permanent effect. A high magnitude,
adverse impact upon the Niayes IBA would have major significance and would result in an
ecologically significant effect.
Habitat Loss or Degradation
Construction activities have the potential to degrade or destroy terrestrial habitat directly as a
result of, for example, excavation, compaction, or modification (e.g. vegetation removal,
covering). Alternatively, there could be indirect effects as a result of, for example,
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dewatering, or from the accidental release of fuels, lubricants or other chemicals. Some
habitats could be degraded indirectly as a result of accidental releases of silt, fuel, lubricants
or chemicals. Some activities could cause permanent degradation or destruction, for
example where turbine foundations are constructed or permanent new access tracks are
formed, but in most cases, damage would be temporary. Such impacts would range from
high magnitude in the case of habitat destruction to low magnitude for short-term pollution
events. All impacts would be adverse but unlikely to extend beyond 10 m from wind farm
infrastructure. Habitat destruction in the form of removal of tree species partially protected
under the Senegal Forest Code would result in an impact of moderate significance and would
result in an ecologically significant effect.
Disturbance of Herptiles
Construction activities could result in direct disturbance of individual Herptiles. Construction
activities could also have the potential to degrade or destroy reptile habitat either directly as
a result of, for example, excavation, compaction, or modification (e.g. vegetation removal,
covering) or indirectly as a result, for example, of dewatering, or from the accidental release
of fuels, lubricants or other chemicals. Some activities could cause permanent degradation or
destruction, for example where turbine foundations are constructed or permanent new
access tracks are formed, but in most cases, damage would be temporary. Given the
abundance of unaffected available habitat, this would be a low magnitude impact of limited
extent. The impact would be of minor significance but would not result in an ecologically
significant effect.
Bird Habitat Loss (Displacement)
Birds have the potential to be displaced by construction works as their nesting or feeding
habitats are removed. It is possible that habitats can be removed during decommissioning
also, with additional land being used during this process. This would be a moderate
magnitude adverse impact for the species recorded nesting within the Project Area but of
limited extent as only small areas are being lost relative to those being retained. It would be a
short term impact. The impact would have minor/moderate significance but would not result
in an ecologically significant effect.
Bird Nest Destruction
Construction and decommissioning activities have the potential to result in the destruction of
nests which occur within the Project Area. This would be a high magnitude adverse impact of
limited extent but of permanent duration. This impact would have moderate significance and
would result in an ecologically significant effect.
Bird Disturbance
Construction activity may result in short term temporary disturbance of birds. During
construction, birds would be disturbed by the activities of personnel and the movements of
vehicles and other machinery. Birds are known to habituate to constant and regular visual
disturbance, but impacts could arise from noise disturbance. These impacts are also likely to
occur during decommissioning of the site. Impacts would be of moderate magnitude and
adverse occurring up to hundreds of metres from the construction activity. This impact would
have minor/moderate significance but would not result in an ecologically significant effect.
Disturbance of Terrestrial Mammals
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Construction activities giving rise to noise, vibration and light could directly disturb mammals
using the Project Area. Such adverse impacts would be of moderate magnitude, short-term
for the period of activity and limited in extent to those areas closest to construction works.
This impact would have minor/moderate significance but would not result in an ecologically
significant effect.
Disturbance of Bats
Construction activities giving rise to noise, vibration and light could directly disturb bats using
the Project Area for roosting. Surveys to date have not recorded any bat roosts within the
DAI of the Project, however, the species of insectivorous bats recorded within the wider
Project Area can roost in trees so there is the potential for them to be roosting in trees within
the DAI. Tree felling could also remove potential roosting and foraging locations. Disturbance
impacts would be of moderate magnitude, short-term for the period of construction and
limited in extent to those areas closest to construction works. Destruction of roost features
would be a high magnitude impact and permanent. Destruction of a bat roost would be an
impact of major significance and would result in an ecologically significant effect. Disturbance
of a bat roost would be an impact of moderate significance and would result in an
ecologically significant effect.
7.7.2 Operational Impacts

Birds Collision Risk
Birds flying over the site, but especially raptors and large waterbirds, are at potential risk of
collision with the turbines. Collision with a turbine may result in death of the bird and
consequently impact on the population of that species. Studies so far have shown very few
birds to be flying at PCH for the Project. As such the impact would be of low magnitude,
adverse and of varying extent depending on the range of the species affected. In particular,
the Project Area is considered to be Critical Habitat for hooded vultures. The duration of the
impact would depend on the effect on the population of the species colliding with the turbine,
with shorter term impacts on abundant short lived species than on rarer, longer lived species
such as hooded vulture. The collision risk impact for most species would be of minor
significance and would not result in an ecologically significant effect. The collision risk impact
on hooded vulture would be of moderate significance and would result in an ecologically
significant effect.
Disturbance (Displacement)
When operational, the Project would require a low level of staffing and consequent activity by
site personnel both on foot and in vehicles. This activity may disturb bird species. In addition,
the Project may result in disturbance impacts arising from noise and visual impacts
associated with the turbines. Such impacts would be low magnitude adverse impacts of
limited extent but permanent for the life of the Project. This impact would be unlikely to
impact hooded vulture overflying the Project Area. This impact would be of minor significance
and would not result in an ecologically significant effect.
Barrier Effects
The Project may result in a barrier effect on the movement of bird species with the vertical
configuration of turbines creating an actual or perceived barrier which bird species may not
cross or at the very least would need to habituate to crossing. Such adverse impacts would
be of low magnitude to the species inhabiting the Project Area but potentially of moderate
magnitude to any species that might use the Project Area for migration. Surveys to date have
not recorded high levels of migratory bird activity and certainly not by larger soaring species
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of greatest risk of collision with turbines. The impact would be of limited extent but permanent
for the life of the Project or temporary until birds habituate to the impact. The impact would
be of minor significance and would not result in an ecologically significant effect for resident
species. For migratory species overflying the Project Area, the impact would be of major
significance and would result in an ecologically significant effect.
Collision Risk to Bats
Studies in the USA have shown that bat species can be attracted to wind turbines and that
bats can be struck by the turbine blades when flying close to the turbines. At present, five
species of bat have been identified within the Project Area with others known from the
surrounding area. The African straw coloured fruit bats have been observed to fly low from
fruit tree to fruit tree, typically below PCH. The four species of Microchiroptera recorded
within the Project Area were flying below PCH and in close association with villages.
However, there remains the potential for other bat species to occur within the Project Area
and they may fly higher and within PCH and therefore be at risk of colliding with operational
turbine blades. The magnitude and extent of the impact could vary, with the loss of a rarer
species of bat on the edge of its range, potentially a higher magnitude impact on that
species' population than if a more common species were killed. The Microchiroptera bats
recorded are all close to the edge of their ranges. The impact would be permanent. The
impact on Straw coloured fruit bats and the Microchiroptera recorded so far within the Project
Area is considered to be of minor/moderate significance and would not result in an
ecologically significant effect. Impacts on other, higher flying and potentially rarer species,
were they to occur within the Project Area would be of moderate significance and would
Barotrauma Impacts on Bats
Other studies, also in the USA, have shown that at some wind farms, over 90% of the
recorded bat mortality resulted not from direct contact with turbines but from internal
haemorrhage. Research is ongoing, but it appears that if bats fly close to turbines that the
vortex of lower air pressure created by the turbine blades could result in barotraumas, i.e. a
sudden expansion of the lungs causing the blood vessels to burst. A recent study in the USA
appears to call into question whether wind turbines could cause such pressure changes.
However, whilst there is debate about the potential for impacts, the precautionary approach
is to consider that barotrauma impacts are possible. It is, however, believed to be a
phenomenon which affects smaller bat species, not larger fruit bat species. The magnitude
and extent of the impact could vary, with the loss of a rarer species of bat on the edge of its
range, potentially a higher magnitude impact on that species' population than if a more
common species were killed. The impact would be permanent. The impact on Straw
coloured fruit bats and the Microchiroptera recorded so far within the Project Area is not
considered to be significant and would not result in an ecologically significant effect. Impacts
on other, smaller and potentially rarer species, were they to occur within the Project Area,
would be of moderate significance and would result in an ecologically significant effect.
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7.8
ESIS Addendum
Mitigation
The following section details the mitigation strategy to avoid, reduce and offset potential
impacts from the Project. The mitigation measures proposed are those required to reduce
impacts to non-significant levels. Where there is uncertainty over the magnitude or other
characteristics of an impact, the mitigation is necessarily precautionary to ensure that as
appropriate, impacts are either avoided or reduced and where necessary a net gain is
achieved.
7.8.1 Construction and Decommissioning Phases

General Measures
A set of general mitigation measures would be implemented during the construction phase to
protect ecological receptors. These measures would be incorporated into a Construction
Management Plan (CMP). Measures to be incorporated into the CMP include:
Strict limitation of construction workers, materials and machinery to the defined

construction areas to avoid impacts to surrounding habitats;
Project workers would not be allowed to bring any live animals or plants into the
construction site to avoid the risk of pest/invasive species establishing in the Project
Area;
An invasive species risk assessment would be undertaken. If the findings indicate there
is a significant risk of introducing alien invasive species then appropriate mitigation
would be implemented;
In-line with Good International Industry Practice (GIIP), all construction sites would
have appropriate sediment and erosion control practices applied. If work is carried out
during the wet season, this would minimise the runoff associated with disturbance at
construction areas and limit the likelihood of any effects on receptors remote from the
immediate vicinity of the works;
Project workers would be trained in litter/waste control procedures and fire emergency
response procedures. This would reduce the risk of accidental fires in surrounding
vegetation. Suitable firefighting equipment would be made available on site. Emergency
response plans would be developed and coordinated with the relevant national
authorities;
The lighting of fires and open burning would be strictly prohibited at all times during
construction;
Project workers would be forbidden from hunting or collecting wild plants and animals;
The use of herbicides would be forbidden on-site;
In general, very little night time working would be required, avoiding the need for
artificial night time lighting. The exception would be the delivery phases where
infrastructure such as turbine sections would be delivered, however no construction of
turbines would occur at night. If any artificial lighting is required (e.g. for security at work
compounds), the lights would be carefully located and directed downwards to avoid
light spill into adjacent vegetation areas, especially mature trees;
Measures to reduce the potential for soil runoff and scouring of bare soil following
vegetation clearance (e.g. avoiding ground works during the wet season);
Measures to prevent pollution events and to reduce their severity should they occur
would be required. This would include following best practice in pollution prevention by
having spill kits available.
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Measures to reduce noise disturbance;
Measures to reduce dust and air pollution; and
Only the designated access roads would be used to access the construction areas.
Machinery shall not be allowed to move outside these designated access roads and
construction areas. Traffic during the Operational Phase shall travel along designated
routes, marked with clear and lasting markings.
Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS)

An ESMS Plan has been developed for the Project and explains how environmental and
social commitments would be captured from the ESIA to ensure they are implemented during
the construction and operational phases. This framework would form the basis for
complimentary, more detailed management plans or programmes (including a CMP and a
Waste Management Plan) that would be prepared and implemented by the Project. The
management plans would be developed to detail mitigation measures to be applied for the
Project.
Ecological Clerk of Works (ECoW)
A suitably qualified ECoW would be appointed by the Project, independent of the
construction site contractors, for the entire duration of the Construction phase of the Project.
The ECoW would be tasked with overseeing construction activity and with ensuring that all
mitigation measures are implemented in accordance with the ESMS Plan and associated
documentation. Furthermore, the ECoW would be given the responsibility of compiling
weekly / monthly reports on issues such as non-compliance and on modification or
supplementation of the ESMS Plan, and these reports would be submitted to the Project
management and to the construction contractor. The ECoW would have responsibility, not
limited to:
Monitoring the implementation of the CMP and other associated plans;
Providing ecological awareness training to construction workers;
Supervising the marking out of the construction site;
Supervising vegetation clearance;
Monitoring for the presence of alien invasive species during construction; and
Checking that the construction zone fencing is intact and arranging repairs for any
damage.
Site Personnel Training

Information on the ecological sensitivity of the habitats and species surrounding the Project
Area would be included within a site induction package for all site personnel. This would
ensure that all personnel working on site are aware of the sensitivities of the protected sites,
habitats and species and are aware of the mitigation measures that need to be employed to
minimise adverse effects of the Project.
Specific Measures
The following sections provide details of mitigation measures that address potential impacts
to specific ecological receptors during the construction phase.
Habitats
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Avoidance of Mature trees

The master plan was prepared with the aim of avoiding impacts on as many mature trees as
possible especially Baobab and Kad. Where possible, during the marking out of the access
road, further micro-siting (i.e. local re-adjustment of locations by a few metres) would be
carried out in conjunction with the ECoW, with the aim of avoiding the need to fell mature
trees.
Vegetation Clearance
Vegetation clearance from the construction zone would follow local authority regulations
regarding such activities. As far as possible, it would be completed outside of the main bird
breeding season (May-July). The vegetation clearance would be carried out carefully, using
hand-held machinery where possible. This would reduce the risk of harming animals and
also improve the quality of the harvested material for reuse. The minimum possible area of
vegetation clearance required to facilitate construction would be completed. The vegetation
clearance would be supervised by the Project ECoW. Cut vegetation would be removed from
the construction zone in a timely manner, to avoid stockpiled material providing a new habitat
which could attract animals. Cut vegetation would not be burnt, but instead offered to the
local community for use as fuel and animal forage.
Protection of Retained Vegetation
The edge of the construction zone would be clearly demarcated and fenced to ensure that
construction vehicles and worker do not stray into surrounding areas and damage
vegetation.
Tree Re-planting
If any native trees other than fruit trees are felled during construction, measures would be
taken to encourage replacements to be planted with land users receiving cash compensation
for the loss of the trees being removed. This may require liaison with the local community to
explain the benefits of replanting trees as well as identifying suitable locations and agreeing
appropriate long-term maintenance. Replacements trees would be of locally native species.
To ensure equitable compensation of the provision of young trees for the loss of mature
trees, an appropriate multiplier would be applied to adjust the loss of eco-services over time.
This calculation would conform to the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP)
principles for biodiversity offsets. The strategy for the replacement of trees and other
vegetation post-construction would be developed and implemented through a Project
Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), a framework for which is set out in Annex P.
Herptiles
The immediate footprint of construction (access track, turbine pad and ancillary laydown
areas) should have all vegetation removed prior to works commencing. This would cause
reptiles to move on from those areas into surrounding habitats away from the construction
activity. The Project ECoW would search for reptiles in construction areas prior to works
commencing and relocate any that are found.
Bats
If any mature trees with potential for bats are required to be felled, this would only be
completed following an inspection by the ECoW to ensure no bats were present. If no bats
were present, the tree would be felled as normal. The approach for any trees found to
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contain roosting bats would vary depending on circumstance with measures taken to exclude
individual bats to allow felling but any trees with large breeding roosts retained in situ until all
young bats have left the roost.
Apart from delivery of infrastructure, no night time working would be required, avoiding the
need for artificial night time lighting. If any artificial lighting is required (e.g. for security at
work compounds), the lights would be carefully located and directed downwards to avoid
light spill into adjacent vegetated areas, especially mature trees.
7.8.2 Operations Phase

General Measures
The Project is located within a populated area and therefore has a great deal of opportunity
to act as a force for positive change and interaction with neighbours. A long-term stakeholder
engagement programme would be developed and implemented through the life time of the
Project. Biodiversity and ecosystem services would be integrated into the stakeholder
engagement process. One such measure would be to work with local schools to increase
knowledge and understanding of biodiversity. This may include provision of suitable learning
materials such as wildlife books and binoculars.
Specific Measures
The following sections provide details of mitigation measures that address potential impacts
to specific ecological receptors during the operations phase.
Internationally Recognised Areas
Although no significant impacts to Niayes (from Dakar to St Louis) Important Bird Area (IBA)
are predicted, long-term monitoring of potential disturbance to bird populations of the IBA
would be completed to ensure that this situation does not change as construction and
operation progresses. An adaptive management system would be used to review the results
of the monitoring and determine if additional mitigation measures are required to avoid,
reduce or offset impacts. The monitoring programme would be developed and implemented
through the Project BAP.
To deliver a net gain to this internationally recognised area, the Project BAP would
investigate potential measures that could be implemented to improve the conservation status
of this unprotected site. Engagement with proponents of future developments, as well as the
relevant public authorities, would be completed with the aim of promoting the protection of
the IBA.
Birds
Domestic Waste Management
Stakeholder engagement would be undertaken with the surrounding communities to
investigate the development of effective domestic waste management. The aim would be to
devise a low-cost and low-maintenance scheme of waste disposal that would avoid the
current practice of leaving waste in the open air at the edge of villages where they attract
scavenging bird species such as black kites and vultures. Once in place, measures would be
implemented to remove and dispose of the existing piles of waste. The scheme would need
to be robust enough to cope with potential future population expansion in the surrounding
villages for the life-time of the Project. The development of the scheme would be managed
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through the Project BAP and stakeholder engagement process and would serve as an
initiative under the Corporate Social Responsibility Policy,
Research
In order to deliver the net gain for the species required under IFC PS6, a research
programme would be developed as part of the Project BAP into the population of hooded
vultures that is resident in western Senegal around Thies, Tivaouane and therefore over the
Project Area. This would include three main strands of work:
Firstly, completion of a baseline study of the population size and distribution of the birds
in the vicinity of the Project Area... The research would also aim to identify any
breeding locations of the species in the vicinity of the Project Area.
Secondly, research would also focus on the main threats to the species in the vicinity of
the Project Area including (but not limited to) poisoning, use of veterinary products,
hunting, collision and electrocution.
Lastly, the information gained would be used to develop an effective conservation
programme to deliver a net gain in the hooded vulture population. This would be
communicated to local people as part of the other community engagement work
described elsewhere in this ESIS Addendum.
The research work would be likely delivered in collaboration with local academics and
students.
Monitoring
A detailed monitoring programme for birds has been initiated prior to construction, and would
continue through the Operations Phase. The development and implementation of the bird
monitoring programme would be in alignment with international best practice (e.g. SNH,
2009) and managed through the Project BAP. The monitoring programme would have three
main objectives:
Filling gaps in the current baseline, especially hooded vulture pre-construction;

Assess behavioural changes that may be attributable to the presence of wind turbines,
including potential post-construction barrier effects to hooded vultures through VP
surveys; and
Monitoring potential collision mortality through carcass searches, especially of hooded
vulture.
In addition, the proposed monitoring programme would also verify the assessment of no
likely significant effects to Niayes (from Dakar to St Louis) IBA, although this is a secondary
objective.
Pre-construction surveys
Ongoing VP surveys have been commissioned to take place between March 2015 and
February 2016. These surveys are taking place at five locations, providing coverage of the
entire Project Area. Each VP location is subject to nine hours of survey per month, spread
between three periods lasting 3 hours each. Completion of this survey beyond the period
reported in this assessment would enable identification of important periods of movements
throughout the year, including both spring and autumn migrations.
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Additional Pre-construction surveys would be commissioned based on the results of the

initial surveys.
Post-construction surveys
The long-term monitoring would continue annually for the life-time of the Project (SNH, 2009
recommends a minimum of 15 years53). The precise methodology of the surveys would be
developed as part of the monitoring programme within the Project BAP, and based on ongoing review of pre-construction survey results. However, they would, as a minimum, likely
involve revisits to the five vantage points used for pre-construction surveys in those periods
shown to be key for bird activity in the Project Area by the pre-construction surveys.
Carcass searches
Carcass searches are the most direct way of estimating the number of collisions and hence
the likely impact on species of conservation importance. The carcass searches methodology
would be developed in detail as part of the Project BAP, but would include the following
elements, taking into account published recommendations from other schemes (e.g. Duffy
and Steward, 2008, Fennelly, 2015) :
Searches would be completed on a monthly basis for the same periods as the postconstruction VP surveys.
The potential use of search dogs;
Cover all of the turbines in the Project Area;
Assessment trials of searcher-efficiency and scavenger bias; and
Span the initial 15 years of the Project with monitoring completed in years 1, 2, 3, 5, 10
and 15.
Other approaches that rely on remote sensing or use of technology to record collision
mortality such as radar collision detectors would be assessed as part of the Project BAP.
The issue of potential bird collision would be included within the stakeholder engagement
programme and local people would be encouraged to report any suspected instances of bird
collision. This could utilise a standard reporting form, such as that developed by SNH.
The results of the monitoring programme would be reviewed on an annual basis as part of
the adaptive management programme integrated in the Project BAP. If potential impacts are
identified as part of the monitoring programme, additional mitigation measures would be
developed and implemented. Similarly, if no impacts are identified and it is deemed
appropriate, it may be possible to reduce the level of post-construction work.
Bats
Detailed mitigation would be devised once survey results are available and agreed with OPIC
and EKF prior to commencement of works. However, it is important to note that no impacts
on Straw coloured fruit bat are predicted as their flight activity keeps them far below PCH and
initial results dont indicate a level of bat activity by Microchiroptera outside of villages that
would require specific mitigation. As such, no mitigation for bats is currently required.
53
This does not necessarily require surveys in all of the 15 years, it would likely be more appropriate to complete
surveys in years 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 after construction.
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Detailed bat mitigation would be developed in the unlikely event that future bat survey results
indicate that it may be required. The mitigation measures proposed would depend on the
types of impacts. Examples of potential mitigation measures include: The loss of potential or
confirmed bat roost locations would require replacement bat roosts to be provided, or the
discovery of high bat activity within or above trees close to turbine locations might require the
consideration of additional felling to make those areas close to turbines less attractive to
bats.
7.9
Residual Impacts
7.9.1 Construction and Decommissioning Phase

Impacts on Designated Sites
The predicted pre-mitigation impact on designated sites was limited to the Niayes IBA as all
other sites are too far from the Project Area to be subject to the potential impacts. No clear
pathways for pollution to reach the Niayes IBA are apparent and with the best practice
construction mitigation suggested in Section 5.8.1, no residual impacts on designated sites
are predicted and no ecologically significant effects would occur.
Habitat Loss or Degradation
The construction of the Project would result in the loss of an area of habitat, to be replaced
by windfarm infrastructure and hardstanding. However, as shown by the habitat map, the
majority of the project area is already heavily modified fruit tree horticulture with little or no
natural vegetation. Measures to protect key features such as mature trees and vegetation
peripheral to the development would ensure that this impact is reduced to negligible
significance and no ecologically significant effects would occur.
Disturbance of Herptiles
Few reptiles and no amphibians are believed to occur within the Project Area. Measures are
proposed that would avoid significant disturbance of those that may be present and this
impact is reduced to negligible significance and no ecologically significant effects would
occur.
Bird Habitat Loss (Displacement)
Measures have been proposed in the mitigation section to minimise felling and to protect
those trees and features likely to support most nesting and feeding activity. This impact is
reduced to negligible significance and no ecologically significant effects would occur.
Bird Nest Destruction
Pre-construction ECoW surveys of any trees to be felled would avoid any such impact
occurring and so no ecologically significant effect is predicted.
Bird Disturbance
Birds would be disturbed by the construction of the Project. Measures have been proposed
that would avoid or reduce impacts within the construction areas however no additional
measures are proposed to address bird disturbance in the wider area as this would be a
short term impact and would not result in an ecologically significant effect.
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Disturbance of Terrestrial Mammals

No specific mitigation measures are proposed for mammals. The Project ECoW would
consider mammals during pre-construction surveys and would advise if any measures are
required. This is considered unlikely as the species present within the Project Area are
mobile, common species. No ecologically significant effect is predicted to occur.
Disturbance of Bats
Both the destruction and disturbance of any bat roosts located within the Project DAI, should
any be identified in subsequent surveys, are predicted to result in ecologically significant
effects from impacts of major and moderate significance, respectively. Whilst specific
mitigation has not been developed as no roosts are currently known to occur, in the event
that this is required, this would encompass measures to avoid the destruction or disturbance
of any such roost or the provision of sufficient replacement roosting to offset the impact with
felling of the tree occurring under supervision of the ECoW. As such, any impacts would be
reduced to minor or negligible significance and would not result in ecologically significant
effects.
7.9.2 Operations Phase

Birds Collision Risk
Measures to address potential impacts upon bird species are outlined in the mitigation
section. At present, there is no indication that there would be a high collision risk for any of
the species recorded within the Project Area and so no ecologically significant effect is
predicted. Given the consideration that the Project Area falls within a Critical Habitat DMU for
hooded vulture, regardless of the fact that the birds seen all flew below collision height, a
number of species-specific measures are proposed to ensure a net gain for the species and
thereby avoid an adverse ecologically significant effect and potentially result in a beneficial
ecologically significant effect for hooded vulture.
Bird Disturbance (Displacement)
No additional mitigation is proposed but the impact remains minor significance and would not
Bird Barrier Effects
The species specific measures proposed to ensure a net gain for hooded vulture, thereby
avoiding an adverse ecologically significant effect and potentially resulting in a beneficial
ecologically significant effect for the species, outlined for bird collision risk apply equally to
barrier effects.
Collision/Barotrauma Risk to Bats
Specific measures for bats would be developed based upon forthcoming survey results.
However, potential measures to reduce the attractiveness of the area around turbines would
allow impacts to be reduced to negligible significance and thereby avoid any ecologically
significant effects.
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Table 48 : Summary of Impacts

Impact
Construction:
Impacts on IBA
Construction: Habitat
loss or Degradation
Construction:
Disturbance of
Herptiles
Potential
Significance Prior
to Mitigation
Major
Design,
Enhancement or
Mitigation Measures
Best Practice pollution
prevention, adherence
to construction routes
Residual
Significance
Not Significant
Moderate
Avoidance of mature
trees, protection of
peripheral vegetation
Negligible
Minor
Preconstruction
vegetation clearance,
ECoW
Negligible
Measures to reduce
tree loss
Pre-construction
ECoW surveys
Negligible
Construction: Bird
Displacement
Construction: Nest
Destruction
Minor/Moderate
Construction: Bird
Disturbance
Minor/Moderate
No action
Construction:
Disturbance of
Terrestrial Mammals
Minor/Moderate
Pre-construction EcoW
surveys
Construction:
Disturbance of Bats
Major or Moderate
Moderate
Not Significant
Minor/Moderate
Negligible
Avoidance of roost
destruction,
replacement of lost
roosts
Minor or Negligible
Additional monitoring
of hooded vulture
Not Significant
(Minor beneficial for
hooded Vulture)
Operation: Bird
Collision Risk
Minor (Moderate for

hooded vulture)
Operation: Bird
Displacement
Minor
Operation: Bird
Barrier Effects
Minor (Major for

hooded vulture)
Additional monitoring
of hooded vulture
Not Significant
(Minor beneficial for
hooded Vulture)
Operation: Bat
Collision Risk
Moderate
Measures to reduce
attractiveness of
turbine areas to bats
Negligible
Operation: Bat
Barotrauma
Moderate
Measures to reduce
attractiveness of
turbine areas to bats
Negligible
No action
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ESIS Addendum
Conclusions
This assessment considered the potential impacts on biodiversity from the construction and
operations of the proposed Taiba NDiaye Wind Farm near Tivaouane in western Senegal.
Surveys commenced in 2012, with more detailed survey for birds and bats completed in
2014 which established the main species resident within the Project Area.
Further surveys commenced in January 2015 with a study of the birds completed in the
nearby Niayes IBA, during the migration period. Standardised VP surveys of the Project Area
to allow an assessment of bird collision risk commenced in March 2015 and are ongoing until
February 2016. This assessment is based upon the results of bird activity in both the
migratory and summer breeding periods and it is considered that the surveys have allowed a
clear picture of bird flight activity to be established with this to be augmented as further
surveys are completed.
Monthly bat surveys commenced in late July 2015 to identify which Microchiroptera species
utilise the Project Area along with the already identified large numbers of African strawcoloured fruit bats. To date, four additional species have been recorded, all closely
associated and only occurring within the villages of the Project Area.
Bird Surveys have, to date, shown that the majority of flights within the Project Area are
completed by common, resident species flying below collision risk height. Three observations
of hooded vultures have indicated that this species uses the Project Area and as such it has
been considered to be Critical Habitat as the species is listed as Endangered on the IUCN
Red List.
This assessment outlined the potential impacts on various receptors and has proposed
appropriate mitigation to address the impacts. This includes, but is not limited to, additional
research into the local population of hooded vultures, measures to compensate for any bat
roosts affected should that be required, avoidance of felling mature partially-protected trees
where possible and provision of an ECoW during construction works.
As a result of some uncertainty due to the ongoing fieldwork, the impact assessment has
been necessarily precautionary. However, all but one residual impact is of minor significance
or lower with the one other being an impact of minor/moderate significance. Crucially, none
of the impacts are considered to result in adverse ecologically significant effects and
as a result of the proposed mitigation it is possible that a beneficial impact may occur
for hooded vulture.
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8
8.1
ESIS Addendum
Cumulative Impacts and Effects

Introduction
This chapter addresses the analysis of cumulative impacts of the Project with other existing
infrastructures, or from future projects in the Project area.
This assessment is based on the methodology described in the Cumulative Effects
Assessment Practitioners' Guide published in February 1999 by the Canadian Environmental
Assessment Agency, guidelines which are recognized as international best practice by IFC
for the assessment of cumulative impacts.
The principle of this assessment is to analyse the environmental and social impacts of
present and future projects within the Project area, to identify any interactions between them
and the potential generation of cumulative effects on the environment.
The assessment includes the following stages:
The description of present or future actions and projects that are likely to interact with
one of the valued environmental components (VEC);
The determination of valued environmental components (VEC) as perceived by the
stakeholders during consultations;
The analysis of potential cumulative effects affecting the VEC; and
The preparation of mitigation measures for the identified cumulative impacts.
8.2
Description of present or future actions and projects:
The projects listed below, in development, or currently being constructed in the perimeter of
the Projects DAI or transportation routes - and those that have been the subject of an impact
study or which are reasonably predictable (e.g., project opinion, ministerial order) are:
The Tobne 70 MW heavy fuel power plant at Taiba NDiaye, currently under
construction;
The Africa Energy 300 MW coal-fired power plant project at Darou Khoudoss. This
project, detailed under its ESIS is in its preparation phase and PAP were already
compensated.
The new 50 MW coal-fired plant project from Industries Chimiques du Sngal (ICS);
A phosphoric acid production project financed by AIG (African Investment Group); the
site is yet to be determined with the DEEC and the Mines Division; and
The phosphate exploration and extraction project at Taiba NDiaye by Gretta
Resources Mining SUARL. This project which would have encroached on the PETN
Project area is currently the subject of arbitration by the PSE (Emerging Senegal Plan)
Operational Monitoring Office. According to the most recent information, PSE has
deliberated: this project will be relocated outside of the PETN Project area (see Annex
Q - Official letter from the Ministry of Industry and Mines ).
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In addition to the projects listed above, the following industrial infrastructures are already in
operationoutside the perimeter of the Project area:
The ICS property that mines for phosphate and produces phosphoric acid.
The Grande Cte Oprations (GCO) property that mines zircon and ilmenite. Mining
started in 2014 near DIOGO, 26 km from the PETN project, but the project has a permit
to develop mining activities along the coast (see potential extension area located in
black in Figure 1).
The location of these projects is shown in Figure 1 below.
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Figure 26 : Other industrial projects located or planned in the PETN

project vicinity
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8.3
ESIS Addendum
Project status
The section below describes the projects listed in section 8.2. The projects status are then
classified as follows:
Project certain to be developed or considered as such;
Reasonably predictable project;
Very uncertain hypothetical project: these projects will not be considered for this
cumulative impacts assessment.
8.3.1 TOBENE POWER 70 MW power plant project
TOBENE POWER 70 MW POWER PLANT AT TAIBA NDIAYE
Project purpose
Installation and operation by TOBENE POWER SA of a 70 MW

heavy fuel power plant at Miname, in the Municipality of Taiba
NDiaye.
Estimated annual production is 558 GWh for twenty years.
Developer: Tobne Power S.A.
Project type: Energy - Generation of electric power for

Senelec
Details of the
operation
Location: Miname in the Municipality of Taiba NDiaye
Construction start date: Novembre 26, 2014
Commissioning date: January 2016
Distance from the project: 1.1 km
Other information
250 people (estimated) recruited during construction with 500
at peak periods;
50 people (estimated) recruited permanently for the operations
phase, with an additional 20 to 25 during maintenance
operations.
Project status
The plant will be fully operational in January 2016.
Certain project - operational in January 2016 - duration twenty years
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8.3.2 The AFRICA ENERGY 300 MW coal-fired plant project
300 MW COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT AT DAROU KHOUDOSS
Project purpose
Africa Energy SA (AESA) has already signed a power purchasing

contract with Senelec and is intending to construct and operate a 300
MW power plant that will produce 2600 GWh/year and provide power
to the national interconnected grid.
Developer: Africa Energy SA
Project type: Electric power
Location: Municipality of Darou Khoudoss
Construction date: Nov. 2015 for 36 months
Details of the
operation
Project status
Commissioning date: from November 2016, May 2018 and Nov.

2018
Distance from the project: 2.4 km
Other information
3000 (estimated) workers will be recruited at peak periods
during the construction phase; and
Between 180 and 300 workers will be recruited during the
operating phase
AESA has obtained the certificate of conformity from the
Ministry of the Environment.
Action reasonably predictable - Construction should start in

November 2015.
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8.3.3 The ICS 50 Mw Coal-Fired Power Plant Project
ICS 50 MW COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT

ICS is intending to produce steam and electric power for its own mining
process and sell the excess energy produced to Senelec.
The plant would have a capacity of 50 MW.
Project
purpose
Details of the
operation
Developer: ICS
Project type: Energy & Mines
Location: Municipality of Taiba NDiaye
Construction start date: Unknown
Commissioning date: Unknown
Distance from the project: 6 Km
Other information
Impact study in progress
Project status
Action reasonably predictable, although little information was available on

this project
8.3.4 The AIG phosphoric acid production plant project at TAIBA NDIAYE
PHOSPHORIC ACID MANUFACTURING UNIT AT TAIBA NDIAYE

Project purpose
African Investment Group (AIG) plans to build a phosphoric acid

production unit
Project title: AIG phosphoric acid manufacturing plant at Taiba
NDiaye
Details of the
operation
Project status
Project type: Mines - Phosphoric acid production
Location: possibly in the Municipality of Taiba NDiaye
Construction date: Unknown
Commissioning date: unknown
Distance from the project: unknown
Other information
This project is currently looking for a site area. The location might be in
Taiba NDiaye.
Action reasonably predictable although, little information was available
on this project
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8.3.5 The GRETTA RESOURCES MINING SUARL project
PHOSPHATE EXPLORATION LICENSE - GRETTA RESOURCES MINING SUARL

Exploration for lime phosphates over 59 km2 by GRETTA
RESOURCES MINING, that was authorised by Ministerial Order
15771 dated 20 October 2014 to explore for lime phosphate in the
following coordinate triangle:
Project purpose
P1
298,785
1,662,297
P2
296,905
1,673,782
P3
287,724
1,662,259
This phosphate exploration triangle encroaches partly on the PETN

Project.
Details of the operation
Developer: GRETTA RESOURCES MINING SUARL
Project type: Phosphate mines
Location; Taiba NDiaye; see coordinates and diagrams
Construction date: Unknown
Commissioning date: Unknown
Distance from the project: encroaches on the project area

(overlapping of the two projects over 800 ha in the immediate areas
of influence of wind turbine rows 1, 2 and 3 in the PETN project)
Other information
Exploratory drilling were performed on the northern border of

the PETN Project area to assess the potential of phosphate
deposit.
Given the incompatibility of the Gretta Mining and PETN

projects, an arbitration procedure was engaged by PETN and
concluded in favor of PETN. As stated in the official letter from
the Ministry of Industry and Mines, the Gretta Mining Project
will be relocated outside the PETN Project area (see Annex Q).
Project status
The new location of this mining project is currently unknown.

Therefore, this project was not taken into account for this
cumulative impact assessment.
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8.3.6 Summary of the status of projects

Table 49 : Summary of Project status
PROJECT
Developer
The Tobne 70 MW heavy fuel

power plant at Taiba NDiaye
Tobne
Power
S.A.
The Africa Energy S.A.300 MW coalfired plant project at Darou

Khoudoss
AESA
Status
Certain
Projectinformation
available
Predictable information
available
Decision for
Inclusion in the
Cumulative Impact
Assessment
Included
Included
ICS
Predictable
but lack of
information
Included for certain

aspects (noise, waste
and miscellaneous
transport)
The phosphoric acid production

project with the company African
Investment Group (AIG)
AIG
Predictable
but lack of
information
Not included
The phosphate exploration and

extraction project at Taiba NDiaye.
GRM Suarl
Abandoned
see Annex Q
Not included
The new ICS 50 MW coal-fired plant

project
PROJECTS IN OPERATION
Industries Chimique du
Sngalphosphate mine
ICS
Existing
GCO Grande Cte Opration zircon

and ilmenitemine
GCO
Existing
Tobne HV inter-connectionstation
SENELEC
Existing
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aspects (waste and
miscellaneous
transport)
aspects (traffic
disruption for
transport of supplies
and personnel)
Not included
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ESIS Addendum
8.4
Present or future actions and projects taken into account in assessing
cumulative impacts - justifications
The cumulative impacts are essentially going to be assessed for the existing projects, actions
or installations when certain events overlap, such as construction work timetables, both
during the construction period and during simultaneous functioning of installations in the
operating phase. The possibilities of simultaneous occurrence of events and the associated
aspects for each company or target project are presented in the following sections.
8.4.1 Power plant under construction: Tobne Power S.A.

The Tobne Power S.A. 70 MW heavy fuel power plant is under construction and is
scheduled to start operating in January 2016. It is about 1 km from the PETN project. When
assessing the cumulative impacts during the PETN construction phase, only the inputs of
noise and transport generated by this plant (mainly the fuel between Dakar and the Tobne
Power site), along with the workforce,and a potential impact on the overall traffic in the
Project area will be taken into account.
8.4.2 Power plant under development: africa energy

Africa Energy S.A. (AESA) is developing a 300 MW coal fired power plant, located about 2.4
km from the PETN project site. The project has already received its Certificate of Conformity
from the Ministry of Environment and has signed a power purchasing contract with Senelec.
The project is now in its site preparation phase, its PAP were already compensated, and it is
scheduled to begin construction in November 2015.
The planned activities will include construction of the following components:
The seashore infrastructure for conveying the coal (the pier), pumping stations and the
cooling water discharge;
The power plant which will carry the production facilities and their auxiliaries (boilers,
turbines, transformers, and all ancillary involved in the production of energy, fuel
processing plants, water, etc.);
The connecting corridor between the pier and the power plant; this corridor has 2 high
flow conveyors, removing coal from the pier to the stockpiles in the factory;
The wastewater treatment station;
Production plants of raw water;
The ash handling system; and
The station for desalination and demineralization by reverse osmosis.
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During construction, AESA plans to hire more than 3 000 workers at peak periods.
Predictable cumulatives aspects where the AESE project will be involved are :
Preservation of the human environment /living style;
Preservation of the fauna & flora;
Protection of the surface water and groundwaters;
Waste management during construction;
Circulation and mobility populations;
Influx of workers;
Transportation requirements; and
Protecting the landscape
8.4.3 Existing mining infrastructures: Industries Chimiques du Sngal (ICS)

and Grande Cte Oprations (GCO)
The ICS phosphate mine is located 6 km to the north-east of the Project. ICS is planning to
develop a 50 MW coal-fired power plant on its mine site; an impact study is in progress.
GCO started its mining operation for zircon and other rare minerals in the vicinity of the
village of DIOGO, located 28 km from the PETN Project area. The GCO mining activities are
planned to be extended within ten to fifteen years towards the PETN project site, near Darou
Khoudoss.
The GCO mining activities, like those of ICS, were already taken into account in the baseline
data included in the Projects ESIS REV03. They will not be taken into account when
assessing the cumulative impacts for the VEC that will be considered.
For ICS, only the risks and impacts of transporting the phosphate, phosphoric acid and the
coal to fuel the future power plant will be taken into account.
For GCO, the minerals mined are already being transported by a specific operational train
and will, therefore, only have a minor impact on local traffic. The traffic generated that can be
attributed to procurement of supplies and personnel transport, will also be considered.
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8.4.4 Project announced but ultimately relocated

As presented in section 8.3.5, an exploration licence was delivered to GRETTA
RESOURCES MINING SUARL to assess potential phosphate deposits within a 60 km2
triangle within the footprint of the PETN Project site. As both projects are not compatible, an
arbitration procedure was initiated by PETN. Based on lastest information received from the
Ministry of Industry and Mines (see Annex Q), the GRETTA Project will be relocated outside
the PETN project area. Therefore, the GRETTA project was not taken into account when
assessing the cumulative impacts.
8.4.5 Present and future activities and projects considered

In conclusion, the cumulative impacts assessment will take into account:
The PETN Project;

The activities relating to the operation of the Tobne Power plant that will become
operational in January 2016;
The development of Africa Energy (AESA)s coal fired power plant, located 2.4 km from
the site, in the Municipality of Darou Khoudoss;
The various transportation activities attributable to the ICS mine andfuture power plant
and the potential traffic disruption attributable to the transportation of personnel and
supplies for GCO; and
The roads.
The Senelec interconnection station plays no part in the assessment of cumulative impacts.
The PETN project and the AESA coal fired power plant construction schedules seem to
overlap (work starting towards the end of 2015, and lasting between 34 and 36 months,
respectively). Therefore, cumulative effects during that period of time will mainly be
attributable to these two projects.
During the operating phase, all operational units located within the Project's DAI and the
roads can be considered.
8.5
Determining Valued Environmental Components (VEC)
It remains clear that the specific impacts must be determined for each project site and an
environmental and social management system (ESMS) and monitoring plan implemented to
mitigate negative impacts and improve positive impacts throughout the life of each project.
Consultations with local communities, State technical departments and the local
governmental administration were performed as part of the ESIS Addendum in order to
determine the main preoccupations of the Projects key stakeholders.
According to the feedback received, the main issues for the local communities are:
Maintaining the living environment (air quality, noise and vibration);

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Protecting surface water and groundwaters;
Waste management;
Protecting the landscape;
Circulation and mobility of local villagers/populations;
Influx of workers (more than 3200 at peak construction periods, primarily for the AESA
project); and
Miscellaneous transportation requirements.
These valued environmental components (VEC) are reviewed in the assumed context of
construction work starting almost simultaneously for both projects (PETN and AESA).
8.6
Cumulative impacts during the construction phase
Tables below present a potential cumulative impact assessment for each VEC. Project
impacts, cumulative impacts and the mitigation measures associated with cumulative
impacts were assessed for each VEC.
Tables also refer to activities and projects that contribute in generating these cumulative
effects.
8.6.1 Modification of air quality and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)

Construction of the PETN Project and the AESA coal fired power plant are scheduled to
commence between 4th Qtr. 2015 and 1st Qtr. 2016. The machinery used for both projects
(e.g., site machinery, trucks, cranes) will produce combustion gas emissions. Similarly, both
projects could generate considerable dust emissions when clearing undergrowth and
carrying out civil engineering work.
The Tobne Power S.A. power plant, located 1 km from the Taiba NDiaye site, will be
operational in January 2016 and will also emit greenhouse gases.
Where dispersion conditions are unfavorable (even if this is a low probability due to the
distance between the different sites), the emissions of combustion products and dust from
these sites might overlap and result intemporarily higher atmospheric concentrations for
target villages.
The overall GHG contribution attributable to the two sites will however be very low.
Recommendations and mitigation measures
Application of good practices developed in the environmental and social management

plans for each site;
Compliance with use of tarpaulins on trucks and watering the ground to minimize dust;
and
If possible, joint organisation between the different project developers to optimise truck
transportation itineraries and working periods.
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8.6.2 Accumulation of noise impacts

Noise level increases in the respective PETN and AESA construction site areas may be
noted. These noise emissions will be added onto the Tobne Power plant background noise
that, according to the modelling by the Tobne Power study, should be imperceptible.
Raised noise levels in line with sensitive points (i.e., villages) may be noted when noisy work
is carried out at the same time by the companies during construction. However, it seems
unlikely that such an accumulation will be noted given the distance between the two sites
(2.4 km). A measurement campaign should confirm this assumption.
Mitigation measures
If the construction works take place at the same time, carry out noise measuring
campaigns in line with villages in the project areas of PETN and AESA; and
If appropriate, envisage deferred programming and/or limiting certain noisy tasks over
time.
8.6.3 Management of excavated soil

Earth levelling, undergrowth clearance and civil engineering works are going to produce
large amounts of cuttings on both projects.
Mitigation measures
Coordinated cuttings management is recommended between the two developers, with the
participation of Water and Forests, the Regional Mines Department and the Thies DREEC, to
optimise its removal.
8.6.4 Pollution of surface water and groundwaters

The proximity of both projects (PETN and AESA) during construction could increase the risk
of pollution of surface water and groundwaters through the use of polluting products on the
two respective sites (e.g., hydrocarbons, dilutants).
Mitigation measures
Raise developer awareness and apply specific ESMP (Environmental and Social
Management Plan) guidelines; and
Surface and groundwater monitoring on a regular basis and through target analyses.
8.6.5 Exploitation of groundwaters and surface water

The PETN project will have no impact on the surface water and no groundwater well will be
drilled for the construction works.
The AESA project will require a single groundwater well for construction purposes and will
have a desalination plant to supply water during the operation phase.
There will, therefore, be no cumulative impacts in regards to surface water and groundwater
supply during the construction and operation phases of these two projects.
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The PETN, AESA and Tobne Power plant projects will simultaneously produce:
Site waste specific to PETN, with temporary site facilities and the presence of about
400 workers, on average, during construction;
Site waste specific to AESA (with its 3000 workers at peak construction periods for 36
months);
Tobne Power plant waste during the operating phase; and
Waste from the ICS coal-fired power plant site if this project is constructed at the same
time.
Each project will likely use the same waste disposal facilities.
The large volume of waste from the construction (PETN and AESA) and operation (Tobne
Power plant) sites, plus, if confirmed, the waste from the construction site of the ICS coalfired plant, could saturate waste discharging and treatment centers.
Mitigation measures
Establish a coordination unit for the various projects, under the supervision of the DEEC and
departments involved, to prevent the saturation of landfill centers and plan for new landfill
areas, if appropriate.
8.6.7 Impact on the landscape

The multiplicity of projects (i.e., PETN on 49 ha with wind turbines and roads, AESA on 700
ha, including 125 ha built up, the Tobne Power SA power plant on 4.5 ha built up - extracted
from a 50 Ha Senelec site) will have an impact on the visual and landscape aspects of the
area.
Recommendations - mitigation measures
In collaboration with AESA, Tobne Power SA and the Water and Forests Directorate,
study the possibilities of enhancing the landscape in this area through forest developments
and tree planting.
8.6.8 Influx of workers onto the site

The projects proximity will mean a massive influx of external workers (approx. 250 workers
in peak periods for PETN and more than 3000 in peak periods for AESA). The AESA
external workers will be housed in site facilities located at Darou Khoudoss (2.4 km from
PETN), while the PETN external workers will be accommodated in hotels in towns nearby
(locations to be determined).
The associated impacts will be as follows:
Positive aspects (i.e., jobs creation and reduced unemployment); and

Negative aspects, such as the development of sexually transmitted diseases and the
potentially negative impacts on the ways and customs of local populations.
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Mitigation measures
Apply mitigation measures provided for in each projects ESMP including project Codes
of Conduct;
Strict application of HSE guidelines by project developers;
Organisation and coordination of worker mobility taking into account local population
mobility; and
Raising awareness of populations and workers to projects applicable guidelines
through effective communication.
8.6.9 Miscellaneous transport needs and road traffic

During the two projects overlapping construction periods, the following risks and impacts
may exist:
Road traffic disruptions that can be attributed to the transportation of raw materials,
cuttings and waste at the sites, sometimes with trucks following the same transportation
routes and itineraries;
Increased risks of accidents from trucks passing through villages;
At peak periods, possible temporary congestion on the departmental roads;
Major traffic disruptions on the main roads when transporting equipment from the port
to the project sites; and
Traffic disruptions on the municipal roads within the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
(between main towns and villages) due to the transporting of workers at peak periods
from workers accommodations to the project sites
Project managers at both project sites, at the same time, should address the risks and
impacts described above, mainly focusing on the transportation routes taken by passenger
vehicles. Unless this risk is well managed, there is a risk that the mobility of goods and
people may be severely disrupted, albeit temporarily.
Mitigation measures
The following measures are recommended:
Specific measures regarding the traffic circulation at the approaches to the project
sites;
Coordination of the project site traffic;
Specific measures organising the traffic passing through the villages;
Driver training and awareness raising;
Training and awareness raising for the workers and local populations as well;
Application of specific measures defined in the respective projects ESMPs.
It is essential to coordinate large equipment convoys between the port and the project sites
to prevent simultaneous convoys causing traffic congestion on the main road.
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For further details on the PETN projects relevant impacts and mitigation measures, refer to
Chapter 9 on Community Health, Safety and Security.
8.6.10 Light emissions:

The project sites will be lit at night and, therefore, sources of light emissions. These light
emissions have the potential to disturb the tranquillity of the nearest villages.
Mitigation measure
Lighting reduced to the strict minimum (safety measures);
The next pages summarise the cumulative impacts presented in the previous paragraphs
and display a qualitative assessment of the significance of cumulative impacts.
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Emission of dust by the

transport trucks of the
PETN and AESA
projects
Tobne Power
Greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions
Climate Alteration in air
quality
GHG emissions during

construction phase by
the site machinery,
handling equipment,
transport and emergency
generator sets alteration in air quality
(PETN and AESA)
ICS coal-fired plant
Africa Energy coal-fired

plant
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
NDiaye
Potential cumulative
impacts
du Sngal (ICS)
Tobne Power in Taiba
Project impacts
Industries Chimiques
Environmental
theme
Grande Cte Oprations
Table 50 : Summary of cumulative impacts given the hypotheses developed
Mitigation measures
In unfavorable dispersion
conditions, accumulation
of emissions from
simultaneous sites for
both combustion products
and dust and transfer to
the target villages.
Apply the recommendations

of good practices developed
in the environmental and
social management plans
for each project
Tarpaulins to be used on
trucks
Watering the
minimize dust
ground
to
Joint
coordination,
if
possible,
of
truck
transportation
routes,
itineraries and circulation
periods
Increase in the noise

level and vibrations in
each project area with
construction works
(PETN and AESA).
Noise and
vibrations
Topography
(management
of excavated
soil)
Addition of Tobne
Power plant background
noise (but this noise is
imperceptible according
to the modelling by the
Tobne Power study)

plant
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
NDiaye
impacts
du Sngal (ICS)
Project impacts
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
PETN
Change in the noise level

at sensitive points
(villages) when noisy work
is carried out at the same
time by different
companies during
construction
A cumulative impact is
unlikely given the distance
between the project sites
(located 1 km and 2.4 km
from PETN).
A measurement campaign
should confirm this
assumption.
Mitigation measures
Production of cuttings
Cumulative cuttings
management needs
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If the construction works

take place at the same time,
carry out noise measuring
campaigns in line with
villages in the project areas
of Taiba NDiaye and Darou
Khoudoss.
Proposed solution, such as
deferred programming.
Limitation of certain noisy
tasks over time.
Coordination of cuttings
management
with
participation of Water and
Forests, the Regional Mines
Department and the DEEC
Groundwaters
Exploitation of
groundwaters
and surface
water
Risk of groundwaters
pollution by infiltration of
runoff water, itself
polluted during
construction work onsite
The PETN project will
have no impact on
surface water runoff and
nogroundwater well will
be drilled for the
construction.
The AESA project will
drill a groundwater well
for construction works
only. A desalination plant
will be implemented to
supply water during the
operations phase

plant
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
NDiaye
impacts
du Sngal (ICS)
Project impacts
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
PETN
Mitigation measures
Increased risk of
groundwaters pollution on
both sites simultaneously
No cumulative impact
associated with the
projects
203 of 286
Raise developer awareness

and
apply
specific
guidelines.
Regular
monitoring
groundwater
No cumulative impact

plant
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
NDiaye
impacts
du Sngal (ICS)
Project impacts
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
PETN
Mitigation measures
Production of specific
site waste by AESA, with
approx. 3000 workers
during the 36-month
construction phase
Site waste
Accumulation of waste
Production of specific
during construction and
site waste by PETN, with
operating phases
approx. 400 workers
during the 34-month
Risk of saturation for
construction phase
existing waste disposal
facilities and
Simultaneous production
treatmentcenters
of waste at the Tobene
power plant during its
operating phase
Use of waste disposal

facilities by each project
company
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Coordination of the various

projects to be set up under the
supervision of the DEEC and
departments involved, to prevent
the saturation of existing landfill
centers and schedule new landfill
areas, if needed.
Flora
Fauna
The PETN project would result in the

loss of areas of modified habitats used
for fruit tree agriculture and the loss of
some mature tree species including
Baobab and Kad Impacts, which are
not considered to be significant,
particularly with the implementation of
project mitigation.
The Tobene Power and Senelec
developments immediately to the
southeast of the PETN project are
considered to have resulted in the loss
of similar modified habitats with all
other developments impacting other
habitat types.
Few impacts on faunal species are
predicted from the PETN project that
are considered to be significant. Only
impacts on hooded vulture had the
potential to be prior to mitigation but
none of the cumulative developments
would impact that species. Potential
impacts on the Niayes IBA from the
Project have been identified (see
section 7.7.1) and the proposed GCO
and ICS have the potential to
significantly impact the IBA
Cumulative
projects have
the potential to
result in the
loss of similar
habitats and
mature trees
Loss of habitat
in the IBA as a
result of the
GCO and ICS
projects could
act
x
cumulatively
with potential
pollution
impacts during
construction of
the projects.
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Africa Energy coalfired plant
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
Taiba NDiaye
Sngal (ICS)
Tobne Power in
Potential
cumulative
impacts
Chimiques du
Project impacts
Oprations
Industries
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Grande Cte
PETN
Mitigation measures
The mitigation measures on

the PETN project site to
replace mature trees (e.g.,
Baobabs) that must be
removed with young trees,
where needed, prevent even
the cumulative effect from
being ecologically significant
due to the small footprint of
the cumulative projects
Mitigation measures
proposed would avoid
impacts on the IBA from the
PETN project, thereby
avoiding cumulative impacts.
ICS coal-fired
plant
Africa Energy
coal-fired plant
NDiaye
Taiba NDiaye
Wind Farm
in Taiba
Potential
cumulative
impacts
Chimiques du
Project impacts
Tobne
SngalPower
(ICS)
Environmental
theme
Oprations
Industries
ESIS Addendum
Grande Cte
PETN
Mitigation measures
Impact on the local landscape by the 3

following projects:
TOBENE POWER power plant

Landscape
Circulation and
mobility of the
population
Multiple
projects in
close vicinity to
AESA (700 ha including 125 for the PETN
project site will
power island)
impact the
PETN (49 ha)
visual and
landscape
aspects
Disturbances in population movements

during construction phase
700 ha AESA
49 ha PETN
Screen effect
Increase in
diversion
distances.
Projects might
prevent
population
passage, thus
increasing
diversion
distances.
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In collaboration with
AESA, Tobne Power
S.A. and the Water and
Forests Directorate,
study the possibilities of
enhancing the
landscape in this area
through forest
developments and tree
planting.
Other forms of
compensation to be
defined
Development of
diversion tracks and
shortcut paths across
Project sites, where
possible
Minimum footprint
occupation as far as
possible
Gradual release of the
footprint at the end of
each construction work
phase
Influx of workers with the

positive impact of creating
jobs and reducing
unemployment.
Positive aspects (jobs
creation,reduced
Influx of
Potential negative
unemployment and boost
external
impacts, such as external to local economy)
workers into the workers passing on
project area
sexually transmitted
Potential negative aspects
during the
diseases, etc.
(increased risk of passing
construction
on sexually transmitted
phases
3000 AESA workers in
diseases, and impacts on
site facilities and approx. the customs of local
250 PETN external
populations)
workers being housed in
hotels in nearby towns
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Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm

NDiaye
Potential Cumulative
impacts
du Sngal ICS
Environmental
Project impacts
theme
ESIS Addendum
Grande Cte
Oprations
PETN
Mitigation measures
Implement the mitigation

measures provided in each
projects ESMP and their
Codes of Conduct
Strict application of HSE
guidelines by both project
developers
Organisation and
coordination of worker
mobility.
Raising awareness of local
populations and workers to
projects guidelines
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
Potential
Cumulative impacts

NDiaye
Environmental
Project impacts
theme
du Sngal ICS
ESIS Addendum
Grande Cte
Oprations
PETN
Traffic disruption attributable to

the transportation of raw
materials, cuttings and waste
Increased risks of accidents
from trucks passing through
villages
Possible temporary congestion
on departmental roads
Miscellaneous
transport and
road traffic
Major traffic disruption on the

main road when transporting
equipment from the port to the
project sites
Traffic disruptions on the
municipal roads within the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye
(between main towns and
villages) due to the the
transporting of workers at peak
periods from workers
accommodations to the two
project sites
Mitigation measures
Increased risks
and impacts
when work is
done
simultaneously.
Risk of taking
the same
transportation
routes and
under the same
time schedule
to reach an
area.
Hindrance to
mobility
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Specific measures regarding

the traffic circulation in
projects vicinity
Traffic coordination
Specific measures organising
traffic in villages
Driver
training
awareness raising
and
Awareness raising for the

workers
and
local
populations as well
Application
of
specific
measures defined in the
respective projects ESMPs
Coordinated transportation of
equipment from the port to
the project sites.
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Light emissions from the

construction sites.
Projects (mainly in the

construction phase) risk
emitting light which
might result in
disturbing the tranquillity
of the closest villages
Taiba NDiaye Wind

Farm
Light emissions
Potential Cumulative
impacts

NDiaye
Environmental
Project impacts
theme
du Sngal ICS
ESIS Addendum
Grande Cte
Oprations
PETN
Mitigation measures
Light emissions reduced to the

strict minimum during the night
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Mitigation measure
Climate Alteration in air

quality
In unfavorable dispersion
conditions, accumulation
of emissions from
simultaneous sites for both
combustion products and
dust and transfer to the
target villages.
Change in the noise level

at sensitive points
(villages) when noisy work
is carried out at the same
Noise levels
time by different
during work on companies during
the construction construction
sites
A cumulative impact is
unlikely given the distance
between the project sites
(located 1 km and 2.4 km
from PETN).
High
Medium
High
Local
Short
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Local
Short
Low
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Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
Environmental
Table 51 : Negative cumulative impacts - Assessment of the significance
Apply the recommendations

of
GIIP
developed
in
projectESMPs
Tarpaulins on trucks
Watering the
minimize dust
ground
to
Low
Joint organisation, if possible,

of truck transportation routes
and schedules and circulation
periods
If the works take place at the
same time, carry out noise
measuring campaigns in line
with villages in the project
areas of Taiba NDiaye and
Darou Khoudoss
Proposed solution such as
deferred programming
limitation of certain
tasks over time
noisy
Low
Mitigation measure
Topography
Cumulative cuttings
management needs
High
Medium
High
Local
Short
Medium
Groundwaters
Increased risk of
groundwaters pollution on
both sites simultaneously
High
Medium
High
Local
Short
Medium
Accumulation of waste
during construction and
operating phases
Waste
management
Risk of saturation for

existing waste disposal
facilities and
treatmentcenters
High
Medium
High
Local
Medium
High
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Coordination
of
cutting
management
with
participation of Water and
Forests, the Regional Mines
Department and the DEEC
Raise developer awareness
and apply specific project
guidelines.
Regular
monitoring
Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Environmental
PETN
Low
Medium
groundwater
Application of specific waste

management guidelines
Coordination of the various
projects to be set up under
the supervision of the DEEC
and departments involved
to prevent the saturation of
landfill centers and schedule
new
landfill
areas,
if
appropriate.
Medium
Landscape
Circulation and
mobility of the
population
Multiple projects in close

vicinity to the PETN site
will impact the visual and
landscape aspects
Increase in diversion
distances.
Projects might prevent
population passage, thus
increasing diversion
distances.
Mitigation measure
High
Medium
High
Local
Long
High
High
Medium
High
Local
Short
Medium
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Compensation in community
forestry or orchards.
Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Environmental
PETN
Medium
Other forms of compensation

to be defined
Development of diversion
tracks and shortcut paths
Minimum footprint occupation
as far as possible
Gradual
release
of
the
footprint at the end of each
construction work phase
Low
Positive aspects (jobs

creation, reduced
unemployment and boost
Influx of approx.
to local economy)
3250 external
workers into the
Potential negative
project area
aspects, (increased risk of
during the
passing on sexually
construction
transmitted diseases, and
phases
negative impacts on the
customs of local
populations
Mitigation measure
High
High
Very
High
Local
Medium
Very
High
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Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Environmental
PETN
Implement
the
mitigation
measures provided for each
respective projects ESMP.
Strict application of HSE
guidelines by developers.
Organisation and coordination
of worker mobility.
Raising awareness of local
populations and workers to
projects guidelines.
Medium
Mitigation measure
Miscellaneous
transportation
and road traffic
Increased risks and

impacts when work is
simultaneous.
Risk of taking the same

transportation routes and
under the same time
schedule to reach an area
High
high
Very
High
Local
Short
High
Hindrance to mobility
Projects (mainly in the

construction phase) risk
emitting light which might
Light emissions
result in
disturbing the tranquillity
of the closest villages
High
Medium
High
Local
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Short
Medium
Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Environmental
PETN
Specific measures regarding

the traffic circulation in project
vicinitys
Traffic coordination
Specific measures to organize
traffic within villages
Driver training and awareness
raising
Training
and
awareness Medium
raising for the workers and
local populations
Application
of
specific
measures defined in the
ESMP of projects ESIS
Coordinated transportation of
equipment from the port to the
site.
Light emissions reduced to the

strict minimum during the night
Low
Flora
Cumulative projects have

the potential to result in
the loss of similar habitats
and mature trees
Fauna
Loss of habitat in the IBA

as a result of the GCO
and ICS could act
cumulatively with potential
pollution impacts during
construction of the project.
High
High
Medium
Medium
High
High
Local
Local
215 of 286
Medium
Medium
High
High
Mitigation measure
The mitigation measures on the

PETN project site to replace mature
trees (e.g., Baobabs) that must be
removed with young trees, where
needed, prevent even the
cumulative effect from being
ecologically significant due to the
small footprint of the cumulative
projects
Mitigation measures proposed (see
Chapter 6) would avoid impacts on
the IBA from the Project, thereby
avoiding cumulative effects.
Significance
after mitigation
measures
Significance
Duration
Extent
Intensity
disruption
Level of
impacts
value
Environmental
theme
ESIS Addendum
Environmental
PETN
Low
Low
PETN
ESIS A
Taiba Ndiaye
Community Health, Safety and Security
As mentioned in Chapter 2, PETN construction works will occur in three phases

duration of 34 months. Following construction works, PETN will be operational for
Potential community health, safety and security hazards specific to wind energ
were assessed for both periods based on the IFC Environmental Health and Saf
General Guidelines and the Guidelines for Wind Energy54 and national standards.
9.1
Community health and safety hazards specific to construction w
Potential community health, safety and security hazards specific to construction

primarily include the following:
Transportation;
Public access; and
Noise levels associated with construction works.
9.1.1 Transportation
PETN construction works will involve the transportation of oversized or heavy wi

components (i.e., blades, nacelle, transformers) from the Port of Dakar to the Proje
components will be shipped by the EPC Contractor to Dakar and transported from
the Project site by specially equipped flatbed trucks. The transportation of all co
will comply with national and local legislation and will be accompanied by appropr
vehicles. All road transportation will be performed at night to minimize impact
communities along the route. Current construction planning (not yet approved
authorities) anticipates 46 convoys (i.e., one convoy of 11 trucks per wind turb
transport will be scheduled over three defined periods based on the construction
should be noted that the convoys are scheduled at the rate of 2 (being the equiv
wind turbines) per week and will only be able to travel at night between 10 pm and
The EPC Contractor has short-listed a few local subcontractors for the task of tr
the oversized or heavy wind turbine components from the port to the Project si
access survey was performed on June 5th, 2015 by the preferred subcontractor t
the road access from the port of Dakar to the Project site in Taiba Ndaiye. Bas
survey, preliminary road works will involve: removal of street furnitures at certain
along the route, vegetation clearing in road corners and soil levelling w
roundabouts. All these works are detailed in the road access survey and can
available after the subcontractor has been selected. However, given that some
construction works were undergoing at the time of this survey, the need f
preliminary road works will be confirmed prior to the beginning of Project constructi
Project-related road construction works identified in the June 2015 road acce
might require acquisition or temporary transfer of land for vegetation clearing in so
Assessment of any compensation related to land clearing will be performed by
contractor prior to the beginning of construction work. All road works identified in
will be addressed in a transportation plan, to be developed by PETN, the EPC
and with appropriate input by the subcontractor; and will be based on the Tran
Plan framework included in the Project ESMS Plan (see Chapter 12). This
implement specific EHS guidelines to minimize potential transportation impacts
54
Reference to the IFC EHS General Guidelines (2007) and the Guidelines for Wind Energy (August
216 of 286
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communities and will comply with relevant IFC EHS Guidelines as required by the ESMS
Plan.
A second transportation plan will also be developed, prior to the transportation of wind
turbines components, to address any potential impacts associated with the construction of
access roads within the Project area. Construction of access roads will require the supplying
of raw materials; trucks will be travelling from quarries located at various distances from the
Project site. All trucks will be compliant with national regulations. Specific preventive
measures will be applied to minimize any potential air pollution impacts: trucks transporting
powdery products will have tarpaulins over them in order to prevent dust from flying around.
Trucks of raw materials and other project components transportation will be scheduled to
minimize air pollution impacts along access roads.
All preventive and mitigation measures to avoid traffic disruption and minimize adverse
impacts on local communities health, safety and security will be included in the Project
Transportation plan and will be in compliance with HSE specific guidelines.
Based on the road survey reviewed, EPC Contractor HSE guidelines and specific
procedures, transportation of oversized or heavy wind turbines components and materials
associated with the construction of access roads should have a limited impact on local
communities health, safety and security (see section 9-4-2-1-3 b in Chapter 6 related to
Socioeconomic Impacts).
9.1.2 Public access

Wind turbines will be assembled on site in three phases: two construction phases of sixteen
wind turbines each and a final construction phase of fourteen wind turbines. Wind turbines
will be assembled one at a time within each construction phase. Access roads construction
will precede each phase.
Local communities will have access to the Project area during construction works. Access
will be temporarily restricted only locally (within a safety buffer established around the
turbine being assembled) when contractors are erecting the wind turbines and during heavy
civil works of road access construction. Monthly Project newsletters displayed in each village
and information communicated by the Project community relations officer will keep local
communities informed regarding construction work schedules and restricted areas.
During construction work, all excavation areas will be fenced and access to construction
area will be monitored. Security services will be operated round the clock by personnel
recruited in priority from the local communities.
All specific safety and security measures associated with construction works will be
presented in the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Monitoring/Accident Prevention plan
to be developed by PETN and the EPC Contractor prior to the commencement of
construction work. This plan will be based on the OHS Monitoring/Accident Prevention Plan
framework included in the Project ESMS Plan and will comply with relevant IFC EHS
Guidelines as required by the ESMS Plan (see Chapter 12).
9.1.3 Noise
Noise producing activities during the construction phase include transportation of wind
turbine components, construction of roads and turbine foundations and the erection of
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turbines themselves. The closest village, Taiba Mbaye (see Table 4-2: in Chapter 4), is
located 0.86 km from the nearest row of wind turbines. Given this distance and predicted
noise level associated with construction engines (e.g., cranes, trucks), expected noise level
at sensitive receptors (i.e. closest residential areas) should be compliant with thresholds
included in the IFC General EHS Guidelines (i.e. noise level should be below 55dB during
daytime in residential area).
Overpassing of regulatory thresholds might occur for very specific operations and for a very
limited period of time. EHS hazards (including noise exposure) associated with specific
construction operations and associated mitigation measures (e.g., the wearing of personal
protective equipment) will be addressed in the Projects Health and Safety plan and specific
operations procedures.
Noise control measurements will be performed throughout the construction phase to monitor
EHS impacts on the nearest residential areas and ensure compliance with the IFC EHS
Guidelines.
9.2
Community health and safety hazards specific to the operations phase
Potential community health, safety and security hazards specific to the operations phase will
include the following:
Blade throw;
Aircraft navigation safety;
Electromagnetic interference;
Public access;
Noise; and
Shadow flicker.
9.2.1 Blade throw

A failure of the rotor blade can result in the throwing of a rotor blade, or part thereof, which
55
may affect public safety. According to Tay and Rand study , the likelihood of being affected
by a blade or piece of blade falling within a radius of 210 m is 10-7. The closest houses
should not be affected by blade throw hazard as they are located at least 800 m away.
However, given the fact that local populations will have free access to the Project area, risk
management strategies will be applied and include the following:
55
Wind turbines will be equipped with vibration sensors that can react to any imbalance
in the rotor blade and shut down the turbine, if necessary;
Periodic inspection and maintenance operations will be performed to detect and repair
any defect that could affect blade integrity;
Warning and information signs will be installed around the immediate areas for each
line of wind turbines;
Taylor, D. and M. Rand. 1991. How to Plan the Nuisance out of Wind Energy.
Town and Country Planning (p. 152-155).
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An evacuation plan will be established in the event of an accident in the wind turbine
areas;
Ongoing communications will be maintained with local communities to ensure they are
aware of the risks associated with operating wind turbines.
9.2.2 Aircraft navigation safety

A wind turbine stands 178 m high overall. Such height may impact aircraft safety directly
through potential collision or alteration of flight paths.
Although the PETN project is not located near a military or civilian airport (the closest
operational airport is located in Dakar, at a distance of 62 km from the Project area), the
following prevention and control measures will be applied:
Consult with the relevant aviation authorities (ASECNA, AIDB), in accordance with air
traffic safety regulations and prior to the commencement of the construction phase;
and
Installation of an anti-collision lighting and marking system, compliant with national
standards.
9.2.3 Electromagnetic interference

As mentioned in the IFC EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy, wind turbines could potentially
cause electromagnetic interference with telecommunication systems (e.g. microwave,
television, and radio). This interference could be caused by three main mechanisms, namely
near-field effects, diffraction, and reflection or scattering. Near field refers to the potential of
a wind turbine to cause interference due to electromagnetic fields emitted by the turbine
generator and switching components. Diffraction occurs when the wind turbine not only
reflects but also absorbs a telecommunications signal. Reflection and scattering occur when
a wind turbine either obstructs or reflects a signal between a transmitter and receiver. The
nature of the potential impacts depends primarily on the location of the wind turbine relative
to the transmitter and receiver, characteristics of the rotor blades, signal frequency receiver
characteristics, and radio wave propagation characteristics in the local atmosphere.
Based on current wind turbine surveys, electrical and magnetic fields generated during the
operations phase, are very low and lessens with the distance from the wind turbine. As the
closest houses to the Project area are located at least 800 m away, the electromagnetic
radiation level is virtually nil at these residential locations. Therefore, this impact should not
be considered for residential areas.
9.2.4 Public access

During the operations phase, local populations will continue to work in their fields located
within the Project area. Any attempts to access the internal wind turbine structures will be
restricted by implementing the following measures:
Round-the-clock security inspection - guards will not be armed;
State of access doors controlled from the control room (i.e., closed/locked/open);
Remote surveillance of immediate areas and access doors to the turbine towers;
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Installation of warning signs prohibiting access to the tower access doors written in
both French and Wolof with Arabic characters; and
Information boards regarding EHS wind turbine risks.
9.2.5 Noise
9.2.5.1 Audible Noise level
During operation, wind turbines produce noise through mechanical mechanisms (e.g.,
gearbox, generators) and aerodynamic mechanisms (i.e., interaction of air and turbine
blades). Given the presence of sensitive receptors in a radius of 2 km from the wind
turbines, noise impact assessments were performed in 2012 using onsite measurements
and WindPRO software.
Based on onsite measurements, assessing expected wind turbine noise levels from initial
noise background measurements (see p.150-159 of ESIS REV04 of July 2015), predicted
noise levels in sensitive receptors (closest villages near wind turbines) are negligible, below
the Senegalese regulatory threshold (mentioned in the Code of Environment) and the
French regulatory threshold (Public Health Code). Results are also compliant with the IFC
EHS General Guidelines (i.e; noise impacts should not result in a maximum increase in
background levels of 3 dB). In addition, the results are also in compliance with the IFC
General EHS Guidelines noise thresholds for residential areas (i.e., 55dB at daytime and 45
dB at night-time).
A detailed modelling of predicted noise levels in the wind turbines vicinity was performed
using WindPRO software. These results (displayed in the ESIS REV04 see p.223-224) are
the following:
Noise levels are below 35 dB for wind speed below 7 m/s; and
Noise levels are under 40 dB for wind speed ranging between 7-8 m/s.
Given that the average wind speed measured onsite during preliminary studies is 5.64
m/s (with a maximum monthly wind speed of 6.7 m/s in April), noise levels resulting
from the operations phase should be below 35 dB in the closest village. Based on
these results, noise is unlikely to be an issue for local communities. However, control
noise measurements should be performed to ensure minimal adverse impact on local
communities health and ensure compliance with the IFC EHS General Guidelines and
the Guidelines for Wind Energy.
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9.2.5.2 Infrasounds
Infrasounds are defined as sounds with a frequency of less than 20 Hertz. Wind turbines
generate infrasounds when operating. Miscellaneous studies56 tend to demonstrate that
infrasounds generated by wind turbines have sound levels much lower than the audition and
perception thresholds.
Even though scientific studies tend to demonstrate that infrasound generated by wind
turbines have very limited impact on human health, no habitation should be located in a
radius of 250 m from the wind turbines.
Given the fact that the closest village is located at more than 800 m from wind turbines, EHS
risks associated with infrasounds are considered to be very limited.
9.2.6 Shadow flicker

Shadow flicker occurs when the sun passes behind the wind turbine and casts a shadow. As
the rotor blades rotate, shadows pass over the same point causing an effect termed shadow
flicker. Shadow flicker may become a problem when potentially sensitive receptors (e.g.,
residential properties) are located nearby, or have a specific orientation to the wind energy
facility.
In order to identify the distance to which potential shadow flicker might extend, WindPRO
software was used to model expected shadow flicker. Results are presented in the ESIS
REV04 dated July 2015 (see p. 238-242). Based on these results and the modelling of a
worst case scenario, these effects are limited to the wind turbines closest vicinity. In a worst
case scenario (turbines are functioning permanently in sunny conditions and with the rotor
axis perpendicular to sun ray), shadow flicker could occur in 2 villages: Baiti Ndiaye
(shadow flicker was estimated to last a maximum of 19 minutes per day) and Balsande II
(estimation of 33 minutes per day). In a reasonable case scenario, shadow flicker effects
duration can at least be divided by two. Monitoring will be performed at these two locations
in order to insure limited impacts on local populations.
56
Jacques, H. 2006. Exposure limit values for ultrasonic and infrasounds. CHATILLON INRS,
Department of Equipements Engineering Occupationnal safety and security - Notebook (p.203)
http://www.inrs.fr/media.html?refINRS=ND%202250 (infrason & ultrason by the French insytitue
INRS
French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. 2015. Wind turbines:
Infrasounds impacts on health
http://www.lfu.bayern.de/umweltwissen/doc/uw_117_eoliennes_infrasons_sante.pdf
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10 Land acquisition and Compensation Process

10.1
Land Acquisition and securing the land
As explained in Chapter 2, the Project will involve erecting 46 wind turbines and constructing
access roads within the Project area. The surface of land required for erecting the wind
turbines is 7.5 ha; this surface includes the wind turbines foundations and the land surface
required for construction work. The construction of access roads will require 42 additional
ha. Maps of the various Project components footprints (i.e., wind turbines, roads,
construction areas, such as temporary storage areas) are presented in Annex 2 of the
Labosol Land Compensation Assessment Report of June 2015 (see Annex D).
In order to secure long-term land access for the Project, a right of way (RoW) procedure on
a 2,200 ha land plot will be initiated in accordance with Article L13 of the Environmental
Code related to classified installation for the protection of the environment (ICPE) and
defined in the Ministerial Decree that will declare the Project as an ICPE.
10.1.1 The Projects lands regime

The land regime in Senegal is organized according to various legislative texts which
determine three land categories: national domain, State domain, and private domain.
National domain lands are regulated under the law No. 64-46 dated June 17 1964 and its
associated implementation legislations. Land constituting the national domain are divided
into four zones:
Urban areas: located in towns;
Classified areas (forests);
Rural areas: these areas are the most important ones and are generally used for
agriculture and cattle grazing; and,
Pioneer areas: intended for major development projects.
The Project is located in a rural area in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
10.1.2 The projects land needs

10.1.2.1 The wind turbines immediate space requirements
46 land plots are required for laying the foundations and for the crane hoisting area for each
of the wind turbines. In addition, an optional land plot was also considered for installing the
sub-station. The surface area required is 75.014 m or 7.5 ha.
10.1.2.2 The space requirements of Easements for tracks, cable paths and temporary
storage areas
In addition to the 7.5 ha necessary for wind turbine construction, the Project requires
additional land for roads and access tracks construction, for burying cables underground and
for temporary storage areas. The total surface area associated with these Project
components is 42 ha.
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10.1.2.3 Extended Easement area

The PETN project is an ICPE classified project. In accordance with Article 13 of the
Senegalese Code of Environment, a protection area defined within a radius of 500 m around
each Project component (i.e., wind turbines, technical building, access roads) will be
delineated around the Project components. This RoW procedure will be initiated for the
Project and is currently under review by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable
Development.
The Project RoW area will cover approximately 2,200 ha. Within this surface area, no other
industrial activity will be permitted.
10.1.3 Procedure for acquiring and securing the land

The Project will be established on National Domain land. The land surface required for this
Project must be registered on behalf of the State once the land is declared as a Public Utility.
This registration process enables the securing of land by implementing an administrative
process which will allow the Project to acquire a lease from the State of Senegal.
In order to comply with the management of rural land and to involve all relevant
stakeholders, the following actions must be undertaken prior to any State registration:
The Rural Councils prior opinion is required via a deliberation process; and
Local people impacted by the Project must be compensated for the value associated
with the loss of land and its usage (e.g., loss of agricultural crops).
Following the Rural Council deliberation and after receiving a favourable opinion from the
concerned State services, a Presidential decree is issued to register the land on behalf of
the State. At the same time, the Departmental Commission of Census and Compensation
(the Commission) must assess the amount of compensation assigned to all PAPs.Once the
Presidential Decree is issued, the land is considered a State property (i.e., as part of the
States internal domain). The State may then grant titles, including a long-term lease for this
area to the project developer.
The various stages involved in acquiring and securing the Project land are summarized
below:
Request and obtain a favourable opinion from the Rural Council of Taiba Ndiaye for
allocating the land to the Project;
Public utility declaration and the registration requirements for the Project;
Abandonment of land assigned to rural land areas and transfer to the States internal
domain;
Land compensation assessment for PAPs (this specific requirements is addressed in
section 10.2);
Land registration in the States internal domain;
Reassignment of the land to the Project with a lease contract between the State of
Senegal and PETN.
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The procedure described above is currently under process for:
The acquisition of the 7.5 ha required for the foundations and the crane hoisting areas;
The acquisition of the 42 ha required for the RoW regarding tracks, access roads and
cable paths.
For gaining the RoW in regards to the extended area of approximately 2,200 ha, the ICPE
procedure will be followed in compliance with Article L13. This procedure involves the
following stages:
Carry out an ESIS (Environmental and Social Impact Study). This study must be
validated by the Limited Technical Committee of the MEDD;
A compliance certificate must be issued by the MEDD;
Confirmation of compliance with the ICPE Procedure ; and
Issuance of a Ministerial Order authorising ICPE operation and including the

delineation of a protection area (retaining a 500 m distance around each ICPE).
10.1.4 Status of the acquisition and securing of the 7.5 ha for the foundations
and crane hoisting zones
The different stages of the procedure followed for acquiring and securing the land plots
required for erecting the wind turbines are described below:
of land
STAGE
DATE
Allocation of the land by the rural community

Land allocation request for a
limited surface area (7.5 ha),
was submitted by Sarrole
SARL (Sarrole) to the
Chairman of the Taiba Ndiaye
Rural Council (PCR).
Deliberation of the Rural Council, Reference No. 04/CRTND

dated 29/05/2008 and approved on 25/06/2008.
Request formulated by
Sarrole to obtain a
deliberation extract
Deliberation extract concerning land allocation signed on

11/11/2008 by the Chairman of the Rural Council of Taiba
Ndiaye, and the Sub-Prefect of Mouane
Regularization via a long-term lease

Lease request made by
Sarrole to the Tax and
Domains Authority of the This
Favorable opinion of the This Tax Services Centre No.

00000129/MEF/DGID/CFS dated 27/01/2009
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of land
STAGE
DATE
Region
Opinion of the CCOD (Domain
Operations Control
Commission)
Favourable opinion of the CCOD dated 25/8/2010
Request for transfer of the

lease from Sarrole to PETN
Agreement for Lease Commitment transfer from Sarrole to

PETN SA by the Chairman of the Rural Council on 25/11/2009
for 7.5 ha of land recorded under Number 004 on 29/05/2008.
Public Notice
Public Notice following the favourable decision

03010/MEF/DGID/DEDT dated 14/09/2010
Decree concerning land

registration: abandonment of
land as registered within the
National Domain rural area
Presidential Decree No. 2011-532 MEF/DGID/DEDT dated 26

April 2011 concerning the:
Public Utility Declaration of the project;
Registration prescription on behalf of the State for
75.014 m of land; and
De-allocation from the National Domain and transfer
to the States internal domain
Lease establishment
Requisition No. 998 dated 25 May 2011 for land registration
PAPs inventory and land

compensation assessment
The Commission met from 6 August 2014 to 26 January 2015,

and assessed financial land compensation for each PAP within
the 49.5 ha of land required.
Request for registration in the

Senegalese State Land
Register
Registration request dated 17 February 2015 for 71.514 m of

land following requisition No. 1025
Registration of land
Registration on behalf of the State of 46 plots of land dedicated

to wind turbines and of the optional block of land under Nos.
6712 to 6757 as notified by the notary on June 4th, 2015
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10.1.5 Status of the acquisition and securing of the 42 ha easement

The procedure for acquiring and securing the 42 ha of land for the easement will be the
same as the one undertaken to acquire and secure the 7.5 ha of land required for erecting
the wind turbines.
In accordance with this procedure, an allocation by deliberation of the Rural Council,
approved on 26 May 2012, was obtained by PETN. Following this deliberation, a registration
request for a RoW of 42 ha was lodged by PETN.
This procedure is in the process of being validated by the authorities. Once validated, a
public utility declaration will be issued. The land will be reallocated and registered within the
States internal Domain and a lease contract will be signed between the State of Senegal
and PETN.
It should be noted that, as part of this procedure, a compensation assessment of PAPs is
required. This survey was carried out by the Commission for the PAPs inventory and
financial land compensation assessment from 6 August 2014 to 26 January 2015. Details
regarding land compensation for each PAP are presented in the section 10.2 below.
10.1.6 Status of the acquisition and securing of the extended RoW area of
approximately 2,200 ha for conservation
Under the framework of Article L13 of the Environment Code, prescribing the delineation of
a protection area of 500 m around wind turbines, an additional land requirement of
approximately 2,200 ha was identified for a conservation easement. Moreover, the
delineation of this additional protection area will ensure compliance with PETNs
requirements and applicable International Standards.
PETNs approach is to require that this protection area be defined in consultation with the
State services in accordance with Article L13 of the Environment Code. Therefore, a request
was sent by PETN to the Environment Director in August 2015. A decree to establish this
conservation easement is expected in November.
It should be noted that this easement procedure is a process for securing land (and,
therefore, controlling activities carried out within the Project area), which should be
dissociated from the securing procedure of the 7.5 ha and 42 ha of land. Indeed, this 2,200
ha easement will not lead to any further land being acquired by the Project: access to local
communities to this conservation area and agricultural land will be maintained.
10.2
Economic displacement and PAP compensation
As part of the land acquisition process described in section 10.1, a land compensation
assessment for each PAP must be conducted. In regards to the Project, no physical
relocation of people or households will be required. However, economic displacement will
occur as land required for erecting the wind turbines is mainly used by the local population
for agricultural purposes. Land secured for the Project (49.5 ha) will entail a partial loss of
assets and sources of income for 341 local people.
The national compensation procedure involves taking into account regional practices when
assessing the financial compensation associated with the loss of agricultural land. As
mentioned in section 10.1, an assessment was performed by the Departmental Commission
of Census and Compensation to assess land usage and determine the amount of financial
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land compensation for each PAP. This assessment was conducted from August 2014 to
January 2015 with all concerned local village and PAP representatives and with the support
of Labosol, who was engaged to measure the field surface impacted by the Project for each
PAP.
Results from the land compensation assessment conducted by the Commission, with the
support of Labosol, are summarized in the Land Compensation and Assessment Report
presented in Annex D. Based on this survey, 49.5 ha of impacted land were delineated
onsite by Labosol, resulting in the impact of 457 fields owned by 335 PAPs. One PAP can
own up to 10 different parcels of land. Although this survey was assessing the impacted land
surface for each PAP, it did not assess the overall Project impact on each PAP (i.e., loss of
land, along with loss of trees and/or crops).
In order to assess the percentage of income loss generated by the Project for each PAP, a
second survey was conducted by Labosol from July to August 2015. This survey consisted
of developing a rural cadastre of the Project footprint, assessing the percentage of land and
revenue loss for each PAP. Results of this second survey are presented in the Cadastre
Rural Report in Annex E. Based on this second survey, 48 ha of impacted land were
delineated onsite, resulting in the impact of 459 fields owned by 341 PAPs. The difference in
results between the land compensation study conducted by the Commission and the
Cadastre rural survey is due mainly to the change in the Project configuration. The wind
turbines locations were indeed reassessed by PETN in order to bypass a cemetery
considered as a sacred site by local communities (see section 5.4). This change of
configuration occurred at the end of 2014, while the Commission was onsite and thus was
not taken into account in the Land Compensation and Assessment Report. An additional
land compensation assessment for the additional 7 PAPs will be conducted by the
Commission before the beginning of construction works in order to ensure land
compensation for all PAPs.
Details regarding the assessment of land compensation and the level of impact on each PAP
are presented in the sections below. For further information regarding land compensation,
refer to the Land Compensation and Assessment Report (Annex D) prepared by the
Commission and Labosol. For further information regarding the level of impact on each PAP,
refer to the second Labosol study presented in the Cadastre Rural Report (Annex E).
10.2.1 Assessment of Land compensation

10.2.1.1 Composition of the Departmental Commission for assessing costs
The Commission was summoned by the Prefect of the Tivaouane Department, at the
request of PETN, as part of the land securing procedure of the 49.5 ha necessary for the
Project implementation within the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. The Commission worked in
close collaboration with the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye from August 2014 to January 2015,
while involving the PAP and their representatives.
The Commission was constituted by the following members:
The Prefect of the Department of Tivaouane;
The Sub-Prefect of the Arrondissement of Mouane;
The 1st Deputy of the Mayor of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye;
The HOD of the Tivaouane Departmental Rural Development Service;
The Head of the Tivaouane Water and Forests Sector;

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The HOD of the Tivaouane Departmental Town and Country Planning and Housing
Service (Secretary of the Commission);
The Head of the Tivaouane SDADL (Departmental Local Development Support
Service);
The Head of the Mouane CADL (Local Development Support Centre) (Reporter);
An Agriculture official from Mouane;
The Mouane Water and Forests Brigade Leader;
The ANCAR (National Agricultural and Rural Advisory Agency) official from Darou
Khoudoss and Taiba Ndiaye;
The Sarrole representative;
The Chairman of the Domains Commission of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye; and
Mr Mamadou Diop: a Resource Person who is the Representative of the Association of

Village Chiefs of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye;
The Commissions work consisted of the following:
Preliminary land inspection and meetings for planning activities were conducted;
Sessions were held for providing information to the village populations located in the
DAI and for raising population awareness;
Several meetings were held with the authorities (government and local authorities);
Field Activities: the land surface owned by each PAP was assessed in the presence of
all interested parties and village chiefs;
Visual markers were used for delineating impacted surface areas for each PAP with
technical support from Labosol;
Recordings were done of items observed within each impacted surface area (i.e., the
number of trees, the type of species, their approximate age as well as the types of
crops); and
Financial compensation associated with the loss of land was determined for each PAP
and a provisional report was produced.
10.2.1.2 Principles adopted by the Commission

The Commission assessed financial land compensation for each PAP based on the following
principles:
The land itself is not compensated for because it belongs to the National Domain; the
only thing for which compensation is provided is land use (i.e., agricultural activities, or
market gardening, cash cropping or even fallow land).
After the PAPs approval of the compensation, all compensation will be provided in
cash. Under the regulatory framework for land compensation, PAPs can choose
between compensation in kind or in cash. As all PAP preferred cash compensation
(see Annex D Labosol Land Compensation Assessment Report), the Commission
carried out a financial assessment of land compensation.
An eligibility date was determined.
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The compensation assessment survey conducted by the Commission is related to PAP

located in the 49.5 ha surface which encompassed the 7.5 ha (surface required for
erecting the 46 wind turbines) and the 42 ha necessary for the access roads.
10.2.1.3 Calculation of Compensation

The economic displacement of PAP will lead to a loss of land use, along with the potential
loss of sources of income (i.e., fruit trees, agricultural crops).
Loss of land
Based on the Commissions work, no compensation is foreseen for the land itself as it
belongs to the State (as part of the National Domain).
Compensation for losses of income
The land compensation rate is determined by the Commission taking into consideration the
practices in force within the Projects DAI.
All impacted cultivated parcels (whether agricultural crops, or left fallow) were considered by
the Commission as being assets that generate stable sources of income, the loss of which
would lead to a reduction in means of livelihood and/or subsistence. Crop compensation
rates applied by the Commission was 87,500 CFA francs per month per hectar, regardless
of the products and the type of crops (i.e., rainfall crops, fruit crops, citrus crops, farming
forest, or even land left fallow). The compensation is calculated for one year and amounts to
1,050,000 CFA francs per hectar per year for any surface associated with agricultural usage.
Of the Projects 49.5 ha surface area, the compensation granted by the Commission for
cultivable surfaces concerns 47.3 ha. Details on crop compensation for each PAP are
presented in the Land Compensation Assessment Report produced by Labosol in
collaboration with the Commission (see Annex D). With a crop compensation rate of
1,050,000 CFA francs per hectar per year, the cash compensation for all impacted cultivated
areas amounts to 49.7 million CFA francs.
Compensation for loss of income related to loss of trees
Annual compensation for loss of trees and other species was also considered by the
Commission. Loss of trees was compensated as a unit price assigned to each tree. The tree
compensation rate established by the Commission amounts to the revenue provided by tree
farming over a one year period (12 months). Unit prices were estimated by the Commission
depending on the trees species, their age, and their potential for producing income to the
farmer. These unit prices are set on a regional scale (for the This Region), regardless of the
project. The trees compensation rates applied by the Commission are presented below.
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Table 53 : Tree compensation rate set by the Departmental Commission for the
Project region
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Espces rencontres sur les

Statut
surfaces affectes
Unit
"Teumb"
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Anacardier jeune
NP
pied
4 000 CFA
Anacardier adulte
NP
pied
40 000 CFA
Baobab jeune
PP
pied
5 000 CFA
Baobab adulte
PP
pied
20 000 CFA
Cadd jeune
PP
pied
1 000 CFA
Cadd adulte
PP
pied
12 000 CFA
Citronnier jeune
NP
pied
2 500 CFA
Citronnier adulte
NP
pied
13 000 CFA
Dibutone jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Eucalyptus adulte
NP
pied
12 000 CFA
Forestier
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Fuden jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Fuden adulte
NP
pied
4 000 CFA
Fuf
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Haie vive
NP
m/l
1 000 CFA
Hir
PP
pied
10 000 CFA
Jatrofa
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Kheule ad
NP
pied
12 000 CFA
Leungue
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Manguier jeune
NP
pied
3 500 CFA
Prix unitaire
#
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Espces rencontres sur les

Statut
surfaces affectes
Unit
Prix unitaire
Manguier adulte
NP
pied
50 000 CFA
Neem jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Neem adulte
NP
pied
7 000 CFA
New jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
New adulte
NP
pied
10 000 CFA
Ngotote
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Nguiguis jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Nguiguis adulte
NP
pied
10 000 CFA
Prosopis
NP
pied
12 000 CFA
Rand
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Ronier jeune
PP
pied
2 000 CFA
Ronier adulte
PP
pied
30 000 CFA
Sap sap
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Seedem jeune
PP
pied
1 000 CFA
Seedem adulte
PP
pied
5 000 CFA
Shaw
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Sendiene
NP
pied
6 000 CFA
Solom
NP
pied
5 000 CFA
Soump jeune
NP
pied
1 000 CFA
Soump adulte
NP
pied
6 000 CFA
Tamarinier
PP
pied
24 000 CFA
PP=partiellement protg NP = Non protg
Based on the compensation rate, all trees and plant species that have some commercial
value within the impacted land plot were inventoried by the Commission and corresponding
compensation amounts were calculated for each PAP (results are presented in the Land
Compensation Assessment Report in Annex D).
For the 49.5 ha Project area, the compensation for the loss of income relating to losses of
trees over a one year period is estimated by the Commission to amount to approximately
164.8 million CFA francs.
Compensation via replacing the land surface area
As stated in the regulatory framework for land compensation, PAPs can choose between
compensation in kind (replacing the impacted land surface by another plot of land) or cash
compensation. PAPs were asked to choose between both types of compensation by Labosol
during land compensation assessment fieldwork (see Annex D). However, all of the PAP
have selected cash compensation.
10.2.1.4 Results of the Commissions work

Upon completion of the PAP inventory, the Commission assessed the financial losses for
each PAP and proposed a compensation rate for all impacted land that complies with
Senegalese legislation and regional practices (see the Land Compensation and Assessment
Report produced by Labosol Annex D).
The total financial compensation to be paid by PETN to PAPs amounts to 214,529,416 CFA
francs.
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In accordance with the Senegalese legislation of land registered as National Domain, this
amount does not include compensation for the land itself as the land belongs to the State.
10.2.1.5 PETNs approach to land compensation
During the first public meetings, the land compensation rate for impacted agricultural crops
(within the 49.5 ha of the Project area) considered by PETN and communicated to local
people was 3,000,000 CFA francs per hectare, in addition to the tree compensation
assessment performed by the Commission.
The total compensation amount for such a scenario would then be 312 million CFA francs.
This amount is far higher than the amount of 215 million CFA francs assessed by the
Commission.
Following the Commission conclusions, PETN acknowledged the difference between both
crop compensation rates and confirmed its commitment to the local people. PETN will be
supplementing the amount set by the Commission (215 million CFA francs) with an
additional 97 million CFA francs, in order to reach the 312 million as calculated in the first
compensation scenario.
This additional 97 million CFA francs will represent an additional amount of almost 2 million
CFA francs per hectar for each impacted land parcel.
10.2.1.6 Provisional payment dates for the compensation
Payment to the PAPs will be made in the month following the financial closure (i.e., on the
occasion of the first disbursement of loan proceeds), which means that PAP will be
compensated well before the beginning of construction work. There will be a one-time
payment of compensation and it will cover all amounts due, in spite of the construction being
staggered over 3 phases for a total period of 34 months.
10.2.2 Assessment of the level of impact for each PAP

In accordance with IFC PS5, and in order to mitigate potential impacts on PAPs resulting
from the Project, the level of economic impact was assessed for each individual PAP.
Labosol was engaged by PETN in 2015 to draw up the Rural Cadastre associated with the
Project footprint in order to assess the percentage of land loss for each PAP in relation to the
actual surface area cultivated by PAP.
Results of this assessment are presented in the sections below.
10.2.2.1 Assessment of land loss for each PAP
Surface of land owned by PAPs ranged between 1 and 16 ha. Impacted surface area for
each PAP are comprised between few m2 to almost 9 ha. The level of the Project impact on
cultivated surface areas owned by each PAP is the following:
Land loss for 86 % of PAPs is less than 10% of their cultivated surface;
Land loss for 11 % of PAPs ranged from 10 to 20 % of their cultivated surface;
Land loss for 2 % of PAPs ranged from 20 to 30 % of their cultivated surface. 7 PAPs
have between 20 and 25% of their fields impacted by the Project and 1 PAP has 29%
of his field surface impacted;
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Less than 1 % of PAPs have 40 to 60% of their field surface impacted by the Project:
two PAPs are losing 40 and 44% of their field surface, respectively, and one PAP is
losing almost 60% of his field.
Results are summarised in the table below:

Table 54 : Assessment of land loss for each PAP
Land Compensation
Category
% of land loss for
each PAP
Number of PAP
% of PAP
]0 ; 5]
]5 ; 10]
]10 ; 15]
]15 ; 20]
]20 ; 25]
]25 ; 30]
]30 ; 35]
]35 ; 40]
]40 ; 45]
]45 ; 50]
]50 ; 55]
]55 ; 60]
]60 ; 65]
]65 ; 70]
]70 ; 75]
]75 ; 80]
]80 ; 85]
]85 ; 90]
]90 ; 95]
]95 ; 100]
Total
232
61
28
9
7
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
341
68.04%
17.89%
8.21%
2.64%
2.05%
0.29%
0.00%
0.00%
0.59%
0.00%
0.00%
0.29%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
10.2.2.2 Assessment of tree loss for each PAP

Assessment of tree loss for each PAP was performed for each tree category in order to take
into account the economic value of each tree.
Based on the Rural Cadastre survey, the total number of trees impacted by the Project
amounts to 3044:
71% of impacted trees are Mango trees;
1% of impacted trees are other fruit trees; and
28 % of trees are wild trees (i.e., that can used by local populations for leaves and
bark).
In order to assess the Projects impact on trees and their associated economic value,
Labosol assessed the economic value of impacted trees plus the value of the total of trees
owned by each PAP. Tree economic value was calculated using unit prices estimated by the
Commission for tree compensation (see table 1), which amount to the revenue provided by
tree farming over a one year period (12 months).
Trees located within the 49.5 ha Project footprint were considered to be impacted. However,
the Project surface assessed by PETN took into account some safety buffer areas, mainly
on each side of access roads. This buffer area was considered in order to take into account
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any potential impacts that could result from transportation of oversize equipment. Trees will
be removed prior to construction works in areas that will be directly impacted by the Project.
Trees located in the buffer areas should not be removed. Although, tree compensation was
estimated taking into account the overall Project footprint, the amount of compensation might
be overestimated as some trees will not be removed.
The level of impact for each tree category (i.e., mango trees, fruit trees, wild trees) is
presented in sections below.
Impact on Mango trees
Results from the Rural Cadastre survey (see table below) are the following:
Almost 70% of PAP might lose up to 10 % of their revenue associated with mango
trees;
8% of PAP might lose between 10 and 20% of their revenue;
7% of PAP might lose between 20-30%;
7% of PAP might lose between 30-40%;
2% of PAP might lose between 40-50%; and
6% of PAP might lose between 50 and 100% of their revenue associated with Mango
trees. The Project might impact all mango trees owned by 5 PAPs as a very limited
number of mango trees is owned by each PAP (between 1 and 7 mangos trees are
owned by these 5 PAPs), all located in the impacted area of their field. Detailed survey
results show that although 5 PAPs are losing 100% of their mango tree, the Project
impact on their land surface is less than 5% for 4 PAP and less than 15% for one PAP.
Table 55 : Assessment of mango trees loss for each PAP

Mango trees
Category
% of mango tree loss
for each PAP
Number of PAP
% of PAP
]0 ; 5]
]5 ; 10]
]10 ; 15]
]15 ; 20]
]20 ; 25]
]25 ; 30]
]30 ; 35]
]35 ; 40]
]40 ; 45]
]45 ; 50]
]50 ; 55]
]55 ; 60]
]60 ; 65]
]65 ; 70]
]70 ; 75]
]75 ; 80]
]80 ; 85]
]85 ; 90]
]90 ; 95]
]95 ; 100]
Total
215
22
16
10
12
13
11
12
4
3
1
4
3
1
4
2
0
1
1
6
341
63.05%
6.45%
4.69%
2.93%
3.52%
3.81%
3.23%
3.52%
1.17%
0.88%
0.29%
1.17%
0.88%
0.29%
1.17%
0.59%
0.00%
0.29%
0.29%
1.76%
100.00%
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Impact on Fruit trees

A total of 44 other fruit trees owned by PAP might be impacted by the project. The table
below shows that the loss of revenue associated with the loss of these trees will be less than
5% for 96 % of PAP. Few PAPs will lose 100% of their fruit trees. These PAP owned a
limited number of fruit trees (up to 5 trees) all located within the impacted surface area of
their field.
Table 56 : Assessment of other fruit trees loss for each PAP

Other Fruit trees
Category
% of Fruit tree loss
for each PAP
Number of
PAP
% of PAP
]0 ; 5]
]5 ; 10]
]10 ; 15]
]15 ; 20]
]20 ; 25]
]25 ; 30]
]30 ; 35]
]35 ; 40]
]40 ; 45]
]45 ; 50]
]50 ; 55]
]55 ; 60]
]60 ; 65]
]65 ; 70]
]70 ; 75]
]75 ; 80]
]80 ; 85]
]85 ; 90]
]90 ; 95]
]95 ; 100]
Total
328
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
6
341
95.91%
0.00%
0.88%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.29%
0.29%
0.00%
0.29%
0.29%
0.00%
0.00%
0.29%
0.00%
1.75%
100.00%
Impact on other trees

A total of 841 other impacted trees were identified during this survey. Although these trees
do not have a high economic value, they can represent a resource for local communties and
can be used for their leaves or their bark. The value associated with these trees was
estimated by the Commission (see Table 53). Based on the Commission tree compensation
rate, the following impact values were calculated:
Almost 60% of PAP might lose up to 20% of revenue that could be provided by these
trees;
29% of PAP might lose between 20 to 50% of their revenue associated with these
trees; and
12% of PAP might lose between 50 to 100% of their revenue associated with these
trees. These PAPs own a limited number of trees (up to 15 trees for each PAP), all
located within the impacted area.
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Table 57 : Assessment of wild trees loss for each PAP

Other trees
Category
% of other tree loss
for each PAP
Number of
PAP
% of PAP
]0 ; 5]
]5 ; 10]
]10 ; 15]
]15 ; 20]
]20 ; 25]
]25 ; 30]
]30 ; 35]
]35 ; 40]
]40 ; 45]
]45 ; 50]
]50 ; 55]
]55 ; 60]
]60 ; 65]
]65 ; 70]
]70 ; 75]
]75 ; 80]
]80 ; 85]
]85 ; 90]
]90 ; 95]
]95 ; 100]
Total
141
24
26
12
16
23
18
12
9
20
1
12
3
4
3
4
1
2
0
10
341
41.35%
7.04%
7.62%
3.52%
4.69%
6.74%
5.28%
3.52%
2.64%
5.87%
0.29%
3.52%
0.88%
1.17%
0.88%
1.17%
0.29%
0.59%
0.00%
2.93%
100.00%
10.3.2.2 Overall Level of the Project impact on each PAP

The overall Project impact on each PAP was assessed taking into account the Project
impact on land and tree resources. To confirm, the level of impact was assessed for each
PAP based on the Commission compensation rate and their land loss even though each
PAP will be compensated with the higher compensation rate set by PETN prior to
Commission works. The PETN compensation rate of 3,000,000 CFA francs per hectares
(instead of the Commission rate of 1,050,000 CFA francs per hectare) per year should
mitigate the overall level of the Project impact on each PAP. Moreover, all trees will be
subject to compensation even though some of them are located in the safety buffer area and
might not be removed.
Based on the Commission compensation rate, the overall Project impact on each PAP
shows the following results:
The loss of revenue due to the Project will be less than 10 % for 67 % of PAP;
17% of PAP might lose from 10 to 20% of revenue associated with their land;
Less than 1% of PAP might lose 59 % of revenue associated with their land. Two PAPs
(M. Madiagne Ndiaye and Yatma Dia) are concerned. Both PAPs have less than 5 %
of their land surface impacted but 74-75% of their mango trees are impacted by the
Project.
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One PAP might lose up to 75% of its revenue associated with its land. This PAP (M.
Abdou Gueye from Bayti Gueye) has 14% of his land surface impacted. However,
almost 90% of his mango trees (25 trees out of 28) might be impacted by the Project.
Table 58 : Assessment of the overall level of the Project impact on each PAP
Total revenues (FCFA)
Category
% of loss (land &
trees) for each PAP
(en
]0 ; %)
5]
]5 ; 10]
]10 ; 15]
]15 ; 20]
]20 ; 25]
]25 ; 30]
]30 ; 35]
]35 ; 40]
]40 ; 45]
]45 ; 50]
]50 ; 55]
]55 ; 60]
]60 ; 65]
]65 ; 70]
]70 ; 75]
]75 ; 80]
]80 ; 85]
]85 ; 90]
]90 ; 95]
]95 ; 100]
Total
Number of
PAP
% of PAP
169
60
44
24
19
6
7
5
3
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
341
49.56%
17.60%
12.90%
7.04%
5.57%
1.76%
2.05%
1.47%
0.88%
0.29%
0.00%
0.59%
0.00%
0.00%
0.29%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
10.2.3 Conclusions
The overall level of the Project impact on PAPs was assessed taking into account the loss of
income generated by the loss of land use (mainly used for agricultural crops) and the loss of
trees (mainly fruit trees). Potential loss of revenue generated by the Project footprint of 49.5
ha were assessed based on the Commission compensation rate.
Based on the land compensation assessment conducted by the Commission and Labosol,
335 PAP will be compensated according to compensation amounts presented in Annex D.
Given the latest change of the Project configuration, which occurred at the end of 2014, 7
additional PAPs were not taken into account in this survey. Assessment of land
compensation for these 7 additional PAPs will be conducted by the Commission in the
upcoming months.
According to the Rural Cadastre survey (which does take into account the 7 additional
PAPs), the extent of the Projects impact on PAPs properties is mainly driven by the loss of
trees, especially Mango and other fruit trees which represent a trading value in the region.
32% of PAPs could have between 10 to 50% of their revenue associated with agricultural
practices impacted and 3 PAPs could have more than 50% of their revenue impacted.
However, these statistics might not be representative of the Projects impact on all PAPs
livelihood as some PAPs have other sources of revenue (e.g., cattle grazing, trade). As part
of this Rural Cadastre survey, household surveys were conducted and all PAPs were
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interviewed by Labosol to assess the level of the Projects impact on their livelihood. PAPs
answers are presented in Annex 4 of the Rural Cadastre report presented in Annex E.
For the Projects 49.5 ha surface area, the compensation granted by the Commission for the
loss of cultivable surfaces (land usage) and the loss of trees amounts to 214,529,416 CFA
francs (with a rate of 1,050,000 CFA francs per hectar per year for land loss). However, in
accordance with PETNs commitment to local populations made prior to the Commissions
report, a rate of 3,000,000 CFA francs per hectare per year will be applied to compensate all
PAPs for land loss. Therefore, the total compensation amount paid to the PAPs will be 312
million CFA francs. The difference between the Commission and PETN crop compensation
rates should therefore mitigate the overall level of the Project impact on each PAP. The
same amount of compensation will be paid by the Commission and PETN for the trees.
In order to minimize the Projects impacts on the PAPs livelihood, a livelihood restoration
plan will be developed and implemented, and the plan will be based on the Livelihood
Restoration Plan framework included in the Project ESMS Plan (see Chapter 12).
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11 Public Consultation and Disclosure of Information

Consulting the public is a crucial stage in the Environmental and Social Impact Study of a
project insofar as it submits the project for assessment to local communities, administrative,
local and technical authorities and various interested parties involved (e.g., NGO or
associations, local sectoral programs or projects). This approach offers the various
stakeholders a chance to state their views on the implementation of the project in an area
impacting them.
11.1
Summary of consultation in 2012-2014
The aim of the public consultation in 2012 was to gather the opinion of stakeholders and
their recommendations regarding the Project. Chapter 8 of the ESIS REV03 of October 2014
presents the results of this consultation in a summary of the perceptions, concerns and
recommendations of key stakeholders (i.e. villagers, local and regional administrations) with
respect to the change in the Project configuration.
This consultation phase nevertheless had a few gaps as no details were given with respect
to the methodology used for disclosing Project information. Thus, in the 26 villages and
hamlets home to 341 listed PAPs (see the Cadastre Rural Report by Labosol-AGTS S.A.
dated 22nd September 2015 in Annex E), only twelve villages (Diambalo, Balsandre, Taba
N'diaye, Taba Mbaye, Baty N'diaye, Baty Guye, Miname Diop, Mbayne, Khelcom Diop,
Taba Santhie, Maka Gaye Bye and Ndomor Diop) were consulted during the public
consultation program carried out on 22-28 December 2012.
The 2012 study also does not specify the selection criteria used to choose villages and
administrative bodies consulted. As an example, the consultation included the subprefecture of Ouadiour which is some distance away from the Project and even outside the
extended area of influence.
Following the 2012 consultations, Labosol carried out an additional public consultation
program in 2014 under their support mission to the PAP census and the Departmental
Commission of Census and Compensation. The aim of these consultations was to raise
awareness of the local communities to the Project, its characteristics, its changes, its
potential social and economic impacts and also to compile the opinions of the local
communities involved. The dates of these meetings are provided in Table 59 below.
Date
11/12/2014
Locality
Taba Ndiaye
15/12/2014 to
19/12/2014
Responsible parties
Field fact-finding visit and Activity

planning meeting
Labosol
Taba Ndiaye
Information and awarenessraising of Village Leaders
Labosol
Taba Ndiaye
Surveying of the temporary

storage areas
Labosol
Tivaouane
12/12/2014
Activities
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Date
Locality
From
13/01/2015
to
15/01/2015
Taba Ndiaye
Activities
Field verification with the village
leaders
Labosol team
&Departmental Committee
of Census and
Compensation (facilitators
for villager meeting and
researchers)
Financial assessment and

production of the provisional
report
Labosol team &

Departmental Committee of
Census and Compensation
(facilitators for villager
meeting and researchers)
Tivaouane
20/01 to
26/01/2015
Tivaouane
Responsible parties
Ultimately, despite the relevance of the information collected from the 2012 and 2014
consultations, there was no guarantee that all the local communities were informed. In
addition, these consultations did not give rise to a stakeholder engagement plan.
To ensure the public consultation of all local communities involved, EES carried out an
additional consultation program in February 2015. A further consultation was also arranged
in June 2015 during the site visit by the financial institutions (OPIC, EKF). The results of the
2015 consultations are presented below.
11.2
Public consultation in February 2015
11.2.1 Consultation objectives

The process leading to the development of the Project was lengthy and underwent
alterations, mainly following the original ESIS submitted to the DEEC and for which the
Certificate of Conformity was delivered. A public consultation program was organized for the
16-18 February 2015 to inform the local communities of changes made to the Project since
the last consultations. This latest consultation program was a chance for the local
communities to express their views on the changes to the Project.
The villages that had not been consulted in 2012 were included in the most recent
consultation program. These latest public consultations targeted 23 villages and hamlets out
of the 3557 in the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye. The villages outside the municipality of Taiba
Ndiaye (located in the municipalities of Noto and Darou Khoudoss) and home to some
People Affected by the Project (PAP) were also consulted. The PAP from these
municipalities were included in the Diambalo meeting. When PAP from these villages did not
attend the Diambalo meeting, they were interviewed directly in their villages by a team from
EES.
57
Following the attachment of Selco and Keur Bakar, the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye counts 35 villages.
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11.2.2 Public consultation methodology

The February 2015 public consultations were based on scheduling meetings with the Project
stakeholders: the administrative authorities, the competent State technical services (STE)
working in the Project area at regional, departmental and local levels and the local
communities. There were two phases to this consultation program:
A preparation phase, consisting of making contact with the various people involved, to
target all participants during the consultations; and
A consultation phase with the various parties.
The following consultations took place during the preparation phase:
11.2.2.1 For the public consultations in local communities

The announcement of public consultation scheduling was made on 11-16 February with the
assistance of:
Mr Ndiaye Samba Thiam58 (resource person in the firm, living in Miname),
Mr Lamine Diop (Ndomor Village Chief and chairman of village chiefs of Taiba Ndiaye)
Mr Malick Ndiaye (First Deputy to the Mayor of Taiba Ndiaye)
A brief notice, prepared by EES, and a copy of the monthly newsletter on the Project were
made available to the resource persons to advise them of the agenda and the nature of the
discussions.
11.2.2.2 For the Administration

The Prefect of Tivaouane and the Sub-Prefect of Mouane were advised by post dated
12 February 2015 of the upcoming public consultation in the targeted villages of Taiba
Ndiaye scheduled for 16-18 February 2015.
Note that two representatives from Ramboll Environ visited the Project area in February
2015 to familiarize themselves with the Projects area of influence prior to organizing this
public consultation program. During this visit, a discussion-format consultation took place at
Taiba Gueye and involved a discussion among Ramboll Environ, EES, PETN and the village
chiefs of Taiba Gueye and Baiti NDiaye, along with several villagers from Taiba Gueye.
During the consultation, PETN explained the changes to the Project since 2012.
58
Mr Samba Thiam; resource person of the firm EES

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11.2.3 The stages involved in the consultation

Thanks to the cooperation of the local communities and the administration, large numbers of
people from the local communities attended these discussion-format consultations. The
participants for these consultations were as follows: Village Chiefs, dignitaries (men and/or
women), NGO and associative movements, representatives of young people and women,
directors of public and Koranic schools, managers of boreholes and associated networks,
parent-teacher associations plus, of course, people affected or not by the Project living in the
Projects Direct Area of Influence.
11.2.4 Meeting with the administrative authorities

A delegation from EES led by Serigne Diop, Head of Mission, and including Ely Sy, Mbaye
Sarr (socio-economist) and Assatou Sene (geographer) met with the following
administrative authorities:
The Prefect of Tivaouane and the Sub-Prefect of Mouane;

The members of the Departmental Committee of Census and Compensation, a
governmental committee that is in charge of the census, and determining land
assessment and compensation for PAP; and
The Regional Development Agency (ARD) and the National Statistics and Demography
Agency (This regional agency).
The other administrative parties listed below were not consulted as they had already been
consulted for the 2012 consultation program (22-28 December 2012)59 and for preparation of
the ESISREV03 of October 2014:

-

-
59
The Directorate of the Environment and Listed Establishments; and

The Civil Defence Directorate.

The Regional Development Agency; and
The Regional Development Directorate.
Chapter 8.1.3 of ESIS REV03 of October 2014 - Page 169

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To achieve the objectives assigned to the 2015 Public Consultation program (i.e., disclosure
of additional information following modifications to the basic Project configuration), the list of
communities to consult was expanded to include all local communities affected, whether or
not they belonged to the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
Six meetings with local communities were scheduled according to the timetable shown in
Table 60 below.
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Table 60: Public Consultation Program From February 16th to 18th, 2015
Date and Time
th
Monday 16 ,
Februaryat 9 a.m.
th
Monday 16 ,
February at 3 p.m.
th
Tuesday 17 ,
February at 9 a.m.
th
Tuesday 17 ,
February at 3 p.m.
th
Wednesday 18 ,
February at 9 a.m.
th
Wednesday 18 ,
February at 3 p.m.
Villages Consulted
Place Planned for the

Meeting
Activities
Responsible Parties
Taba Ndiaye, Taba Santhie, Taba

Mbaye and Taba Khab
In the square of the

headquarters of the Municipal
Council at Taiba Ndiaye
Village meeting

meeting and researchers) and Laye
NDiaye, Community Relations
Officer of PETN
Group of eight villages (Minam,

Keur Mall, Mbayne 3, Keur
Mbaye Snoba, Keur Samba Awa,
Keur Fatim, Keur Mambaye and
Ndiamba)
In the public square near the

school in Minam
Village meeting
Group of five villages (Keur

Madiagne, Sam Ndiaye, Keur
Assane Ndiaye, Baty Ndiaye and
Baty Guye)
In the public square near the

village school in Keur
Madiagne
Village meeting
Khlcom Diop (Bal Diop) and Maka

Guye Bye
In the public square in the

village of Khelcom Diop
Village meeting
Ndomor Diop
To be decided with the

Ndomor Diop Village Chief
Village meeting
In the village of Diambalo
Village meeting
Group of villages in the North

(Diambalo, Bal Guye, Keur
Maguette Guye, Keur Demba
Household surveys for

the PAP from the sample





EES team (facilitators for thevillager

meeting and researchers)and Laye
Officer of PETN
Officer of PETN
Officer of PETN
Officer of PETN
PETN
ESIS A
Taiba Ndiaye
11.2.6 Results of the public consultation

11.2.6.1 Positive impacts of the Project
As a whole, the Project has received positive feedback due to its potential to benef
and national economies.
Alleviation of Power Shortages
The Project will result in the injection of 400 GWh, i.e. 14% of domestic productio
will boost the national economy while helping to reduce the price of electricity
Energy Mix and decrease Senegals overall dependence on fossil fuels.
Job Creation
Locally, the construction work will encourage the creation of direct and indirect job
local emergence of SME. The construction of 34 km of laterite access roads is
encourage the development of inter-villager trade and the easy transport of cultiv
cash products to local and regional markets. In addition, the Project will encou
electrification of villages in the municipality with the possible creation of small c
(e.g., tailors, joiners, boilermakers, welders).
Payment of Patente Tax
The decision of PETN to establish its headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye and the
significant financial gain for the municipality will assist in meeting the local com
social expectations for health, education, farming, etc. which have been slow to m
due to the municipality's current limited budget. This in particular pertains to the p
the Patente Tax (described below), which is projected to be approximately 2.5
year.
Patente Tax
As explained by the Mayor of Taiba NDiaye, Mr. Ale Lo, each Municipality has
account with the Ministry of Finance (MoF). When the Patente Tax is paid, it is lo
this account. Each year, the Municipal Council, which is comprised of 43 council
representing the 37 villages within the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, meets and p
budget (approved by the prefect of the department of Tivaouane) which must be s
MoF regional office of Tivouane for approval. Each council member has the ability
a budget request on behalf of his/her village. Only once the budget is approve
Municipality withdraw money from this account. In addition to the budget, each
Municipal Council must also submit a statement of accounts detailing the money
and what it was used for and this amount is compared to the former years
maintain transparency in the Patente Tax system.
PETN will pay the Patente tax directly to the Prefecture of Tivaouane (on behalf of
When the Municipality of Taiba Ndiayes annual budget is approved and they ar
effect payments for the Project, they will send the Project contractors to the Prefe
contractors will be paid out of the Municipalitys account with the MoF.
60
Report CRSE-2013-Net national production in 2013 is 2945 GWh injected into the Interconnected g
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Fair Compensation
Lastly, the local communities welcomed enthusiastically the Projects commitment to
consider their requests for effective, fair and equitable compensation for lands and crops at
the best possible scales.
These consultations also gave the local communities a chance to express their expectations
and concerns. All topics addressed during the consultations are presented below in terms of
Project acceptability, doubts, concerns and expectations. The recommendations of the local
communities are also presented for each topic.
11.2.6.2 Concerns, Expections and Requests of the Local Communities

Loss of farmland, compensation for these losses
Some of the concerns relate to the loss of means of subsistence due to the occupation of
the land by the Project and the compensation to be paid for these losses.
The following concerns were raised:
Possible prohibited access to the wind cluster area thereby preventing free movement
of people and property and the exploitation of remaining fields;
The destruction of mango fields;
The loss of cultivation lands; and
The low compensation rates applied did not allow people to regain their means of
subsistence.
The local communities, therefore, suggested during the meetings:
That the Project developers consider the importance of cultivation lands and mango
plantations and reflect this in the compensation policy for victims of loss;
Full compensation (lands and maintenance expenses) to be paid as per scales
indexed to the importance of cultivation lands that each year bring substantial income
or means of subsistence to the farmers;
A more accurate assessment of maintenance expenses taking account of lost
cultivation lands;
The granting of a periodic annuity to compensate for loss of income;
An agreement protocol be established between PETN and the Municipality confirming
the Project developer's intentions;
Free access to the Project's access roads. The local communities request that the
Project's access roads interconnect with the existing tracks wherever possible.
EES & PETN responses:

Based on information received from PETN, EES made the following clarifications:
The scale set by the commission is the one in force in the department, taking into
account current practices in the Projects area of influence. It is less advantageous
than the one that had been proposed by PETN.
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About the land, the commission does not compensate for land that belongs to the
government; instead, it will compensate the villagers, based on 1,050 000 F CFA / ha /
year for crop activity, to be reported on the actual surface loss. PETN has agreed to
consider a financial reassessment related to this loss of land.
There are no plans to pay alimony as it is a private project. Only the financial
compensation will be paid.
An agreement is expected between PETN and the municipality to ratify the parties'
commitments .
Regarding access within the Project site, it was stated clearly that the local communities
would have a right to total access of the Project's tracks and access roads during the wind
farm operating phase. During the construction phase, access will be restricted to the work
areas for a limited period. The request for the prospective interconnection between the
existing paths and the Project's access roads will be submitted to the Project developer
To assess the losses relating to the Project and to compensate the PAP, the Departmental
Committee of Census and Financial Compensation, in collaboration with Labosol (who
provided techical support to assist in evaluating such compensation), conducted a land
compensation assessment study. The report providing the conclusions of this Departmental
Committee of Census and Financial Compensation and Labosol study (see Annex D) were
not, however, passed on during these February 2015 consultations, as the work of the
assessment commission and of Labosol were still being finalized when the consultations
took place.
11.2.6.3 Participation in local life and its development

The local communities suggested that the Project developer implement a corporate social
responsibility (CSR) policy. This will have a positive impact on the socio-economic
development of the area, especially in terms of employment and access to electricity.
Local labor
The local communities have expressed concern that project hirings often do not focus on
giving the local workforce priority for tasks that it can undertake for projects.
They thus recommend:
Hiring young labor from PAP families and from the Projects area of influence;
That the Project developer offers vocational training to the local workforce, especially
to the youngest workers;
A recruitment policy favoring the most vulnerable groups like youth and women.
EES & PETN responses:

The Project developer will respect the request for priority recruitment of local people with
equal skill. The other points will be addressed when reasonable under the Projects CSR
policy.
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Electricity:
The local communities expect the Project to help to facilitate their access to electricity.
The following requests were also expressed:
Bringing electricity to the few villages that are currently without electricity;
An electricity subsidy (for wells, school, etc.); and
A subsidy for the electricity consumed by the boreholes/and for the people who deem
the cost of electricity too high.
EES response:
According to the Project developer, PETN will consider favorably the continuation of the rural
villages electrification plan in progress and will discuss the conditions of participation with
the municipality.
In regards to electric bills for drilling and infrastructures, this is the responsability of the
Municipality, and the annual payment of the Patent tax to the Municipality will help to resolve
these problems.
11.2.6.4 Additional Concerns, Expectations & Requests

The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) incentive through effective participation by the
Project in social works and support actions for the social sectors like education, health,
access to drinking water and making villages and agricultural production areas less isolated
was also raised. The local communities would like the Project developer to commit to the
following under its CSR policy:
New wells for planting off-season crops and drinking water supplies. Note that this
request has been raised repeatedly at every meeting. It seems that local populations
would like wells for off-season crops in priority;
The refurbishment of both French and Koranic schools and the supply of educational
equipment, if possible;
The refurbishment of health structures, with assistance, to dispense medicines and pay
the nurse;
Assistance to NGOs and womens groups;
Participation in developing micro-credit with a credit line for women;
Helping to make available a processing unit for local produce (e.g., mangoes,
vegetables) ;
Constructing community markets to help women sell their crops and other products;
and
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EES response:
It is the Municipalitys responsibility to create, develop and perform maintenance of social
infrastructures. According to the Project developer, PETN will sign a convention with the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye for a CSR budget of around 46 million F CFA (1 million F CFA
per turbine) per year, in addition to the payment of the annual Patente Tax that will provide
financial means to implement these development actions.
Domiciliation of the Project in the municipality, payment of the local patente tax and
its use
One concern raised by the local communities is the payment and use of the local "patente"
tax. They fear non-transparent and inefficient use of financial benefits received from the
Project in the Municipality's budget.
They recommend:
Domiciling the Project headquarters in the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye; this would
therefore mean paying the patent to the municipality (the taxes paid by PETN to the
Tax Office would be around 2.5 million euros, of which about 800 million to 900 million
CFA francs would come to the municipality of Taiba Ndiaye);
Using this windfall for developing the community, without discrimination; and
That the patent is covered by an agreement protocol.
EES response:
According to the Project developer, the company's headquarters will be set up in Taiba
Ndiaye, and the Municipality will benefit directly from the patente tax revenues.
This decision to establish the companys headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye takes into account
the financial concerns of the Municipality as there is no obligation to do so.
Communication between the Project developer and the local communities
The local communities consider that Project communication is lacking and they make the
following recommendations:
That the Project team introduces a policy of consultation and permanent

communication with the populations to keep them up to speed with Project
implementation;
Publicizing compensation rates;
Publicizing the list of PAP; and
Paying PAP before any work takes place and publicizing the construction schedule to
avoid PAPs being evicted unexpectedly.
The local communities have expressed uncertainties over the construction works schedule,
due to the upcoming rainfall crops that have to be prepared. The farmers should start
preparing the earth in March for commercial crops. They, therefore, request that the
construction schedule be made known so that they can organize themselves.
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A problem of confusion over the existence of two commissions was also raised. EES stated
that there was only one Departmental Committee of Census and Compensation and that
there must have been confusion with the work conducted by Labosol. Comments were also
made by community members about the intrusion by the commission or consultants without
EES response:
The Project developer is currently establishing a communication plan, which will

include the publication of a free newsletter. An information letter is currently published
every month to advise on changes to the Project;
The erection work for the first tranche is scheduled to start at the beginning of the
fourth quarter of 2015. The construction timetables will be made available to everybody
as soon as possible; and
The Project developer has clarified that there is only one commission. Some PAPs
have perhaps related surveys made by Labosol, in charge of topographical readings,
to a second commission. In the future, the PAPs will be advised in advance of any visit
by the commission.
11.2.6.5 Concerns relate directly to the wind farm and its potential hazards
Speakers expressed the following concerns:
Impact on the flowering of mangoes and crop yields;
Widening of roads from 6 m to 12 m;
Breaking components (blades, nacelle, etc.); and
End of Wind Farms useful life.
EES responded as follows:
According to the Project developer, the roads have been widened from 6 to 12 m to
take account of a distance of 3 m either side of the road (6 m wide) in calculating the
compensation. This 3 m safety distance also takes into account wide loads, with
dimensions that could exceptionally cause some damage.
The likelihood of machine breakages are within the acceptable limits and measures to
prevent or minimize them will be taken during the design, construction and operating
phases. Note that ESIS REV03 of 2014 includes a study of these impacts.
At end-of-Project-life, the wind farm will either be dismantled or refurbished as is
practical at the time. The manufacturer, Vestas, is totally familiar with this process.
Note that an impact study will be conducted for this decommissioning and closure
phase if dismantling is the chosen option.
11.2.6.6 Summary of Topics addressed

Topics
addressed
are
summarized
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in
Table
61
below:
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ESIS Addendum
Table 61: Summary of Topics Discussed During The Public Consultations in February 2015
Topic
Comment
1-Project acceptability
General acceptability for the majority of local communities and PAP.

Qualified acceptability for a few highly-impacted PAP who understand
that these lands belong to the State and that the Project is of public
interest that will benefit the entire country.
2-Concerns about the

hazards attributable to
the Wind Farm
Very special attention will be paid to the compensation for PAP to offset the
partial loss of means of subsistence.
We note that the Project has agreed to pay double that recommended by the
government compensation committee.
The people involved are looking for fair and equitable compensation
that will allow them to regain their means of subsistence. They also
suggest that the Project developer operates a bold CSR policy that will
have a positive impact on the socio-economic development of the area.
The social request raised will be brought to the attention of the Project
Developer who will advise on the policy to participate in the socio-economic
development of the municipality
The primary concerns of the local communities are expressed below:
Possible negative impact on the flowering of mangos and crop yields;
The likelihood of machine breakages are within the acceptable limits and
measures to prevent or minimize them will be taken during the design,

Breaking components (blades, nacelle, etc.);
Widening of roads from 6 m to 12 m; and
Negative impacts with regard to the end of the useful life of the wind
farm.
According to the Project developer, the roads have been widened from 6 to
12 m to have sufficient room for maintenance 3 m either side of the road (6
m wide) and to take account of wide loads, with dimensions that could
exceptionally cause some damage if this additional area was not included.
At the end of its useful life, the plant will either be dismantled or refurbished
as is practical at the time. The manufacturer, Vestas, is totally familiar with
this process and an impact study will be conducted for this phase if
dismantling is the chosen option.
3-Mistrust of the
commitments made by
the developers
sponsoring the project.
A few stakeholders expressed concern over the failure of companies

currently in the area (MDL, ICS, Tobne Power) to meet their
commitments.
The villagers would like PETN to respect its commitments through a
convention or agreement protocol signed by the different stakeholders.
The Project developer has confirmed that the Municipality will benefit from
the patente tax as the Project headquarters will be set up in Taiba Ndiaye.
In addition, the Project developer will commit by signing one or more
conventions or agreement protocols that will commit the Project developer
Questioning of PETN about recruitment, CSR policy set out by the

developer, Patente tax, etc.
4-Loss of lands,
Concerns expressed and attributable to the loss of means of
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The Project developer said that he has been made aware of the
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ESIS Addendum
Topic
Comment
compensation of PAP
subsistence:

compensation scales and especially the possible loss of means of
subsistence for some PAP. The Project in fact is paying twice the
compensation rate recommended by the Compensation Commission.
the destruction of mango fields;

the loss of cultivation lands;
the low compensation rates applied do not allow people to regain their
means of subsistence.
The commission is currently at work and the relevant points will be taken into
account.
Compensation wishes from the villagers expressed during the various

meetings:
fair compensation that will give them back the means of subsistence in
the very short term;
granting of a periodic annuity to compensate for loss of income;
Publicizing compensation rates;.
a more accurate assessment of compensation payments taking account
of lost cultivation lands;
Publicizing the list of PAP;
Paying PAP before any work takes place and publicizing the
construction schedule to avoid PAPs being evicted unexpectedly; and
Agreement protocol between the stakeholders confirming the Project
developer's promises.
5-Jobs
Recruitment of young people and women from the area is a priority.

Project developer to offer occupational training.
The Project developer will respect the request concerning the priority
recruitment of local people, with equal skill.
Early training of young people

6-Communication
between Project
developer and PAP
Insufficient communication and suggestions were made for a more

efficient communication plan
The Project developer is currently setting up a stringent communication plan,

including the publication of a free newsletter.
7-Work in the fields to

prepare crops in 2015
Uncertainties over the works schedule despite the upcoming rainfall

crops that have to be prepared.
The construction timetables will be made available to everybody as soon as

possible and will be restated in the monthly newsletter published by PETN.
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Topic
Comment
Imminent start to preparing the earth in March for commercial crops.

No construction schedule.
8-Patente in Taiba
Ndiaye
Approval and incentive of PETN's headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye

Use of benefits from the patente tax to develop the community, with no
discrimination.
The construction works will take place by tranche. Not all the land will
therefore be involved at the same time.
According to the Project developer, PETN's headquarters will be established
in Taiba Ndiaye. As a result, 2.5 million euros will be paid to the Tax Office,
of which CFA francs 800 million/year approximately will be reallocated to the
Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye.
A percentage of the patente tax wil be tranferred to the Municipality. The
patente tax is entirely at the discretion of the municipality but a formal budget
must be presented to and approved by the regional government for funds to
be released to the municipality.
9-Right of access to
roads
Concern: lack of access to the land during construction and operation

The villagers ask for free access to the Project's roads.
interconnection between the Project's access roads and existing tracks
whenever possible
10-Developer's CSR
policy
A very considerable involvement by the Project in the actions intended

to improve the living environment and reduce poverty was expressed
strongly during the meetings.
The following points were reiterated in almost all the meetings.
High demand for new wells for planting off-season crops and human
supplies
Refurbishment of both French and Koranic schools and the supply of
educational equipment if possible
Refurbishment of health structures, with assistance, to dispense
medicines and pay the nurse who is frequently a volunteer
Assistance to NGOs and womens groups
Participation in developing micro-credit with a credit line for women
Helping to make available a processing unit for local produce (mangos,
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The local communities will have a right of total access to the Project's tracks
and access roads during the operating and construction phases, provided
they comply with any safety measures in place
The request for interconnection between the tracks and the Project's access
roads has been submitted to the developer.
The Project developer will be advised of your CSR expectations.
PETN
ESIS Addendum
Topic
Comment
vegetables, etc.)
Constructing community markets to help women.
Support through micro-credit and women's associations springing up
around miscellaneous projects
Bringing electricity to the few villages without it
Electricity subsidy (for boreholes, school, etc.)
Subsidy for the electricity consumed by the boreholes/and for the
populations who find electricity too expensive
11-Work of the
commissioN
Confusion over the existence of two commissions

Problem with the intrusion by the commission or consultants without
The Project developer has clarified that there is only one commission.
Perhaps some owners have confusedly thought that Labasol (in charge of
topographical readings) was a second commission.
Owners of fields will henceforth be advised in sufficient time if the
commission has to enter their fields.
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11.3
ESIS Addendum
Public Consultation in June 2015
A public consultation program was organized on 18 June 2015, attended by the financial
institutions (OPIC, EKF), SARREOLE (Project developer), VESTAS (construction manager),
ACEI (equity provider) and the consultancy firms (Ramboll-Environ, EES and Mott
MacDonald) to engage with the affected local communities and get their views on the
Project in terms of acceptability, expectations, doubts and suggestions.

This consultation program involved a large-scale meeting (attended by many representatives
from eight villages), participation in a municipal council session and discussion-format
consultations in two villages. The detail of these consultations is presented in Table 62
below:
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Table 62: Public Consultation Program on June 18th 2015

Date and time
Villages Consulted
Thursday, 18 June
Group of eight villages:

Keur Mall, Miname,
Mbayne 3, Keur Mambaye,
Khary, Ndiamba Touba Fall,
Keur Mbaye Seneba, Keur
Samba Aura and Keur
Birima
Village meeting
Taiba Ndiaye
Municipal session to discuss the

convention regarding the draft
easements
at 10 a.m.
Thursday, 18 June
at 3 p.m.
Activities
Attended by the village chiefs and

community members
Responsible parties
PETNwith assistance from EES
(translation)
PETN with assistance from EES

(translation)
Session attended by the Mayor of

the Municipality, the Sub-Prefect and
36 municipal counsellors
Thursday, 18
February at 4 p.m.
Taiba Santhie


(translation)
Attended by the village chief

Thursday, 18
February at 5.30
p.m.
Baty Gueye

Attended by the school teacher
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(translation)
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The public's perception of the Project (acceptability of the Project, doubts, concerns
expectations and recommendations) were gathered during these consultation sessions. The
results are presented below.
11.3.2 Results of the Public Consultation

11.3.2.1 Village Meeting at Mbayene 3
The points raised during the large-scale meeting of village chiefs from eight villages and
community members within these villages (men, women, children and representatives of youth
and women associations, etc.) are listed in the table below:
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Table 63: Summary of results of public consultation meeting

Topics Discussed
Action By The Developer
Project acceptability: the speakers

general acceptability for the Project.
expressed
Lands
The people affected agreed to the compensation
method, but asked that this compensation be
substantial, fair and equitable
Clarifications
requested
about
the
payment
were
also
Expectation of women
The female population evoked the need for covered
markets especially before winter sets in.
Women also wished for financing (micro credit) to
be available for their trading activities.
Infrastructures
Speakers evoked the dilapidated condition of
community infrastructures and their need for
refurbishment and equipment. The health and
school structures are especially very much affected.
Jobs
The villagers present (young people, women, village
elders) urged equal opportunities (no discrimination)
in jobs during construction. - They want to take
advantage of these job opportunities during
construction. The chairman of the parent-teacher
association suggested training young people so that
they could benefit from job opportunities set at the
moment of operation.
Patentes
Huge expectation of the local communities with
respect to the amount announced (about 1 billion
CFA francs) to develop the socio-economic aspects
and community infrastructures.
Electrification
The villagers sought electrification of villages
The commission has completed its work and all the

amounts have been calculated. The Project
developer agreed to compensate the PAP on the
basis ABOVE the scale defined by the
departmental maintenance expenditure financial
assessment commission + additional compensation
to keep its promises to the PAP.
The Project developer indicated that the crops
could be sown apart from cassava as the
maturation time was too long (at least ten months).
No payments had yet been made. Payment would
be made promptly onthe first drawing after the
financial closure.
Headquarters: the Project developer confirmed the
transfer of the headquarters to Taiba Ndiaye.
Regarding the patente, the Project developer
announced that 2.5M would be paid to the Tax
Office every year and part of this amount, set by
the administration in joint agreement with the
municipality, would be paid to the municipality. This
part could be 1 billion CFA francs a year for twenty
years. These resources would be at the disposal of
the municipality and the Project would unfortunately
not have any influence on how such funds would
be distributed or used.
In addition, the Project developer suggested a
convention with the municipality whereby it would
subsidize rural electrification projects under its
social responsibility from renewable energy
facilities and micro enterprises would make 1
million francs per year and per turbine available to
the municipality, representing 46 million per year
for twenty years used for development actions or
for the numerous requests of the local
communities.
The Project developer would take into account
wherever possible the requests of local
communities in complying with applicable laws and
regulations and taking account of existing skills in
the area. However, very few qualified jobs would in
all probability be available given the level of
experience required by the Project.
The Project developer intended to participate in
electrification activities in ways yet to be defined.
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currently without electricity.
11.3.2.2 Session at the Municipal Office of Taiba Ndiaye

The topics raised during the session of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye (attended by the Mayor
of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye, the Sub-Prefect and 36 municipal counsellors) are given in
the table below:
Table 64: Summary of Topics Discussed During the Municipal Public Consultation in
June 2015
Topics Discussed By The Project Developer
Response From The Municipality
The Project developer evoked the need to secure the wind

farm against the mining risk - opening a phosphate mine
in line with infrastructures was not compatible with wind
turbine operation. An area of 2,845 ha is necessary (500
m either side of rows of wind turbines and 200 m either
side of approach roads). The Project developer requested
that this area be covered by an easement and registered
in the name of the State or the municipality to be made
secure. The Project developer emphasised that this
additional request would not mean commandeering
additional lands.
A commission would be created to rule on

the draft easement. Should this draft be
accepted,
a
convention
would
be
implemented by the Municipality in order to
secure the Wind Farm.
The Project developer also spoke of the patente and the

availability of 46 million CFA francs a year for
development actions
11.3.2.3 Discussion With the PAP From the villages of Taiba Santhie and Baty Gueye
Discussions took place in the villages of Taiba Sauthie and Baity Gueye, and were opportunities
to assess the views of PAP directly.
To assess the level of impact of the project for a PAP, the PAP were asked to assess the
surface area of their lands and the surface area of land impacted by the Project. The PAP
questioned stated that they each held about 3 ha of land. They estimated that the Project could
have a 50% impact in terms of cultivable area. Note, however, that the figures presented during
these discussions did not fall entirely in line with the surveys already conducted within the
Project area (see the Land Compensation Assessment Report dated June 4, 2015 prepared by
Labosol). In addition, Labosol has been engaged to carry out an additional study to assess the
actual level of impact of the Project on each PAP.
The PAP also confirmed that they were informed of the project due to the public consultations
that had been arranged. The discussions also covered the choice of compensation method
(choice of financial compensation or compensation in kind). Although some PAP had not been
advised of this choice, they nevertheless confirmed their preference for financial compensation
which would allow them to buy up land and regain the means of subsistence. A household
survey would be carried out in addition to the Labosol study to assess the impact of the Project
within each household.
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Summary/General conclusion
The consultations conducted between 2012 and 2015 compiled accounts for the most part
favorable to the Project. These conclusions must nevertheless be qualified for a few highlyimpacted PAP (especially those losing plots with Mango trees) and who might consider that they
will lose a portion of their livelihood. Note that during the last consultation program in June 2015,
the land compensation assessment study was still being finalized, and the villagers at the
meetings were informed that the commission will calculate and communicate the rate and
amounts to be paid, based on the best practices inside the department.
The 2015 consultations have shown that virtually all stakeholders accept the Project. Those
losing many mango trees or other cash crops seem to be the most worried, but acknowledge
the public interest of the Project. The same topics were raised several times, namely Project
acceptance, reduction in cultivation lands, with the risk of impoverishment of PAP as a result,
and the wish to implement strong social measures through the developer's CSR policy.
Questions relating to the safety of PAP have not been frequently raised.
11.5
A Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) to support the affected local communities and other
Project stakeholders will be part of a comprehensive Community Relations Management Plan,
which will be developed, approved, and issued prior to commencement of the Projects
construction phase, and will remain in effect over the life of the Project. The SEP and
Community Relations Management Plan will be implemented as part of the Environmental and
Social Management System (ESMS) and will be based on the plan frameworks included in the
Project ESMS Plan (see Chapter 12). Implementation of the SEP will ensure that all
stakeholders are kept informed about the Project on an ongoing basis and that the Project
complies with the national regulations in regards to consultation and stakeholder engagement,
and the requirements of applicable international standards (i..e, IFC PS1, EHS Guidelines and
EP III).
11.5.1 Summary of Stakeholders

The Project stakeholders include:
The State institutions or technical services that can intervene in the process of
constructing and operating the Project due to their environmental protection or energy
management missions:
-
Regional authorities: Governor, Prefect and Sub-Prefect

State technical services:
o Regional Water and Forests Inspectorate (IREF);
o Regional Division of the Environment and Listed Establishments (DREEC); and
o Regional Agriculture Department
Chairman of the Municipality of Taiba Ndiaye (municipal administration)
Representatives of affected villages (Village Chiefs or their representatives)
All residents and enterprises located within the Projects area of influence
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Womens groups and NGOrepresentatives
Senelec CRSE
Banks and financial institutions
To complement the Community Relations Management Plan, the Project will develop a (CSR)
Policy, a distinct procedure to ensure communication with the local communities (the
Communications Plan), as well as a Community Grievance Mechanism.
11.5.2 CSR Policy

The Project recognizes its commitment to the community and will assist in smaller more
targeted community projects. Requests for funds for larger projects such as clinics,
refurbishment of schools, etc. must be addressed to their local politicians to be included within
the annual budget of the municipality. The Project has expressed that although they will have
the obligation to pay the Patente tax, they will have no authority or jurisdiction over how the
money is spent. This responsibility is entirely in the hands of the people who democratically
elect the people who represent the village during municipal counsel meetings.
11.5.3 Communications Plan & Commmunity Grievance Mechanism
The Project will employ a Community Relations Officer who will have a staff of 3 to 4 people
based at the Projects headquarters in Taiba Ndiaye. The team will be responsible for
communicating with the local communities to ensure that all questions, concerns and requests
of community members are addressed and recorded. The Community Relations Officer or a
member of his team will meet at least once each month during construction and at least one
every quarter during operations with communities on an individual or group basis. The purpose
of these meetings will be to communicate the progress of the Project during construction and
the activities which occurred in the past month and those which shall occur in the coming
months. These meetings will also be a platform for community members to express their
concerns and ask any questions about the Project. In addition to meetings, the team will be
responsible to ensure that the PETN Village bulletin boards (described below) are updated on a
regular basis to ensure that those who are not able to attend meetings can go some where to
obtain information on the Project.
The Projects Communication Plan will include publication of a free newsletter and the
installation of a free-standing bulletin board in all 37 villages which as the date of this Addendum
has already been implemented. This bulletin board will be one of the Projects main means of
communicating to all the villages. At the moment, the monthly newsletter is posted in the bulletin
board. In the future, larger poster like communications will be made to explain when and where
compensation will be paid and when certain construction activities will take place.
General protocols for documenting and managing complaints and inquiries from stakeholders
will be managed in accordance with the Community Grievance Procedure, in order to ensure
that any stakeholder complaints or inquiries detected are documented and brought to the
attention of management and properly considered. The Community Grievance Procedure will
be in compliance with IFC PS1.
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12 Environmental & Social Management System (ESMS

Plan)
12.1
Environmental and Social Management System Description
12.1.1 General Requirements

In accordance with International Finance Corporate (IFC) Performance Standard 1 (PS 1)61,
Parc Eolien Taiba N'Diaye S.A. (PETN) will establish an Environmental and Social Management
System (ESMS) for the Taiba N'Diaye Wind Farm in Senegal (referred to hereafter as the
Project). PETN are the owners of the Project, and the ESMS will apply over the entire Project
life cycle, including construction, operation, and site decommissioning and restoration. It applies
to the oversight activities conducted by PETN as well as Vestas, who will serve as the Projects
engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor and the Project operator via a
long-term operations and maintenance contract.
The ESMS is embodied in this ESMS Plan and various management/mitigation plans and
management system procedures (MSPs) to be developed by PETN and Vestas as discussed
herein. This initial version of the ESMS Plan will apply specifically to the construction phase of
the Project; the various ESMS support documents cited herein will be completed and issued
prior to commencing construction. Collectively, the ESMS Plan and its supporting documents
are designed to comprise a flexible management system framework that is based directly on PS
1 and can be readily and periodically updated to accommodate the changing needs of the
Project.

As noted in Table 1-1, in addition to the requirements of IFC, the ESMS also considers:
the IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) General Guidelines (IFC, 2007a) and
EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy (IFC, August 2015) the IFC Performance Standards
(PSs)(IFS, 2012), and other good international industry practices (GIIPs) as referenced
therein;
the ISO 14001 environmental management system standard62; and
the OHSAS 1800163 occupational health and safety (OHS) management system standard.

These standards have been widely and successfully applied in many different industries and
national settings, and collectively provide an appropriate basis for the development of an
effective, fully integrated ESMS capable of addressing applicable Senegalese regulatory
61
See http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ifc+sustainability/
our+approach/risk+management/performance+standards/environmental+and+social+performance+standards+and+guidance+notes
62
ISO 14001:2004, Environmental management systems Requirements with Guidance for Use; International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. ISO 14001 is considered as a GIIP only. References
to this standard do not represent any commitment to undertake third-party certification.
63
OHSAS 18001:2007, Occupational health and safety management systems Specification; OHSAS Project Group
Secretariat, London, United Kingdom 2007. OHSAS 18001 is selected as a GIIP for OHS program management, as
well as for its structural and contextual compatibility with PS-1 and ISO 14001. References to this standard do not
represent any commitment to undertake third-party certification.
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requirements as well as international norms for the management of the environmental,

occupational health and safety (OHS), and other social aspects of wind energy project
operations. It should also be noted that Vestas maintains an integrated corporate management
system based on ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001, and the ISO 900164 quality management system
standard; as discussed in Section 12.1.2 and Table 67, the documents prepared to support the
Vestas corporate management system are typically adapted to the needs of individual projects
and represent a significant resource in the development of the ESMS for this Project.
64
ISO 9001: 2008, Quality management systems; International Organization for Standardization, Geneva,
Switzerland, 2008
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Table 65 : ESMS Plan Primary References for Structure and Content

ESMS Plan
Sections/Subsections
Applicable IFC
Performance Standard 1
Requirements
Applicable IFC
EHS Guidelines for Wind Energy
Applicable IFC
EHS General Guidelines
Co
ISO
re
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 ESMS Description
Requirements, item 5
N/A
N/A
4.1
N/A
N/A
4.5
1.3 Change Management
N/A
N/A
4.5
2.0 POLICY
N/A
N/A
4.2
N/A
N/A
4.3.2
1.2 ESMS Documentation
3.0 IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND

IMPACTS
3.1 Legal and Other Requirements
3.2 Social and Environmental Aspects

and Impacts, Risk Assessment, and
Risk Management Planning
3.3 Occupational Health and Safety

Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment, and Risk Management
Planning
Requirements, items 7-12
Section 1.1, Environmental (Impacts and

Management)
Section 1.3, Community Health and
Safety(Impacts and Management)
Section 1.2, Occupational Health and

Safety (Impacts and Management)
Section 1, Environmental (inclusive)

Section 3, Community Health and Safety
(inclusive)
Section 4, Construction and
Decommissioning - 4.1, Environment; 4.3,
Community Health & Safety
Section 2, Occupational Health and

Safety (inclusive)
Decommissioning - 4.2, Occupational
Health and Safety
4.3.1
N/A
4.0 MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
4.1 Environmental, Social and Health

& Safety (ESHS) Objectives and
Targets
Requirements, items 13 - 16

Management)

Safety (inclusive)
4.3.3
ESMS Plan
Applicable IFC
Requirements
Applicable IFC
Section 2.1, Environment (Performance
Indicators and Monitoring)
Safety (Performance Indicators and
Monitoring)
Applicable IFC
Co
ISO
re
Decommissioning (Inclusive)
4.3 Operational Control
4.3.1 Operational Planning Process
4.3.2 Management of Social and

Environmental Impacts
4.3.3
Control of Contractor Operations
5.0 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY

AND COMPETENCY
5.1 Structure and Responsibility
5.2 Training, Awareness, and
Competence
6.0 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

AND RESPONSE
7.0 MONITORING AND REVIEW

Management)

Safety (inclusive)
(inclusive)

Management)

Safety (inclusive)
(inclusive)
Social and Environmental

Management System, Element (ii),
Management Program

Management)

Safety (inclusive)
(inclusive)
Requirements, items 17 - 19.
N/A
N/A
Requirements, items 17 - 19.


Safety, 2.2, Communication and Training

Management)

3.7, Emergency Preparedness and
Response
4.4.6
4.4.6
4.4.6
4.1
4.2
4.4.7
ESMS Plan
Applicable IFC
Requirements
Applicable IFC
Applicable IFC
Co
ISO
re
7.2 Monitoring and Measurement
7.2.1 ESHS Monitoring
7.1.2 Regulatory Compliance

Verification Audits
7.2.3 ESHS Performance

Measurements
7.3 Non-conformance Reporting and

Corrective and Preventive Action
7.4 Internal ESHS Management

System Audits
Requirements, items 22-24,
7.5 Management Review

Monitoring)
Monitoring)
Monitoring)

Safety 2.9, Monitoring
4.5.1

4.5.1
Section 2,Occupational Health and

N/A
N/A
N/A
4.5.2
N/A
N/A
4.5.4
N/A
N/A
4.6
8.0 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
8.1 Stakeholder Analysis and

Engagement Planning
8.2 Disclosure of Information


(inclusive)
4.3.3

(inclusive)
4.3.3


(inclusive)
4.3.3
8.4 Informed Consultation and

Participation


(inclusive)
4.3.3
8.6 Private Sector Responsibilities Under

Government-Led Stakeholder Engagement
Requirements, items 33

(inclusive)
4.3.3
8.3 Consultation
9.0 EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

AND GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS

ESMS Plan
Applicable IFC
Requirements
Applicable IFC
Applicable IFC
Co
ISO
re
4.3.3
9.2 Grievance Mechanism for Affected

Communities
10.0 ONGOING REPORTING TO

AFFECTED COMMUNITIES



(inclusive)
(inclusive)
4.3.3
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12.1.2 ESMS Documentation

The overall hierarchy of documents that comprise the Project ESMS is depicted in Figure 27.

OHSAS
18001
IFC PS 1
IFC EHS
Guidelines for
Wind Energy
IFC EHS
General
Guidelines
ISO 14001
ESMS
ESHS
Policies
ESMS Plan
Address PS 1 and GIIP policy requirements

General framework for achieving ESMS objectives
Based on PS1+ Plan-Do-Check-Act processes

Describes overall content of ESMS, supported by
lower tier plans and procedures
Management/Mitigation Plans
Management System Procedures (MSPs)
Address known and potential impacts

Defines mitigation strategies, supported by
management system procedures
Provide day-to-day direction to proponent and

EPC contractor workforce and subcontractors
Task- or activity-specific, focused level of detail
Figure 27 : ESMS Document Hierarchy

The ESMS Plan will be periodically reviewed and updated in response to the changes that
will occur in various phases over the life of the Project. It will serve as a primary reference
for the overall design and contents of the ESMS, and is meant to serve as a key
communication tool in the presentation of the ESMS to the Projects lenders and equity
partners, regulatory authorities, and other external stakeholders.
The ESMS Plan will be supported by a suite of management/mitigation plans and
management system procedures (MSPs) to be prepared by PETN and the EPC contractor,
under PETN direction. The management/mitigation plans and MSPs so prepared will
consider the requirements of the underlying standards noted in Table 65, and will be focused
on the management or mitigation of the specific environmental and social issues or impacts
associated with one or more phases of the Project.
An initial list of the
management/mitigation plans anticipated for the Project is presented in Table 66.

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Table 66 : Management/Mitigation Plans

Environmental Monitoring Plan
Occupational Health and Safety Monitoring/Accident Prevention Plan
Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
Spill Prevention, Control, and Contingency Plan
Hazardous Materials Management Plan
Surface Water/Stormwater Management Plan
Waste Management Plan
Biodiversity Action Plan
Transportation Management Plan
Livelihood Restoration Plan
Site Reclamation and Closure Plan

The general scope and purpose of each of these plans is summarized as follows:

Environmental Monitoring Plan this plan will be designed to capture all of the
specific water quality, wildlife mortality, and other environmental monitoring needs
identified in individual management/mitigation plans and supporting management
system procedures (MSPs), as well as the Projects latest available Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) results. It will provide for the development and
maintenance of a spreadsheet or planning tool that facilitates the planning, execution,
and reporting actions associated with the environmental monitoring requirements that
will apply over the construction, operation, and decommissioning/closure phases of the
Project.
Occupational Health and Safety/Accident Prevention Plan the initial iteration of
the Occupational Health and Safety/Accident Prevention Plan will be based on the draft
Health and Safety Plan: Construction of the Wind Farm of TAIBA in Senegal (Vestas,
2014) and will be issued prior to the start of construction to permit ample time for
workforce training. This plan addresses all aspects of occupational health and safety
on the Project, with emphasis on the identifying required safety behaviors,
preventive/protective measures, and the routine implementation of MSPs to minimize
the potential for accidents, injuries, and illness within the PETN and contractor
workforce.

Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan this plan will be designed to
minimize the potential for accidents and emergency situations involving major
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equipment transportation and construction operations, as well as the projects wind

turbines and other physical structures or operational practices. The Emergency
Preparedness and Response Plan will address the minimum safety requirements of
(IFC, 2007a) and (IFC, 2007b) as well as appropriate GIIPs.
Spill Prevention, Control, and Contingency Plan

this plan will contain
requirements for periodic inspections of bulk-stored fuel, lubricants, and other
hazardous materials storage areas; containment integrity; management of
accumulated precipitation; management of field fuelling operations; and checks on the
functionality or readiness of personal protective equipment (PPE), fire suppression
systems or equipment, and other emergency systems.
Hazardous Materials Management Plan the Hazardous Materials Management
Plan will contain requirements for weekly inspections of small-quantity storage areas
for paints, degreasers, cleaners, solvents, insecticides, and other hazards materials for
containment integrity, segregation of incompatible and materials, the condition of
warning or access control signage, and the functionality or readiness of PPE and fire
suppression and other emergency systems.
Surface Water/Stormwater Management Plan the Surface Water/Stormwater
Management Plan will address daily inspections of stormwater management
infrastructure to ensure that all deterrent systems remain functional, and that no
ponding occurs near the turbine areas that would represent an attractant to birdlife.
Waste Management Plan this plan will provide for monitoring the accumulation and
disposal of containerized hazardous waste and medical waste; the accumulation and
disposal of nonhazardous waste; daily cover of temporary landfills or licensed solid
waste landfills; and sampling for landfill leachate quality. The Waste Management Plan
will also include requirements for periodic inspections to ensure the erosional stability
of landfill earthworks.

Biodiversity Action Plan this plan will be designed to:
-
identify and fill information gaps with respect to critical habitats;

develop an effective mitigation strategy to prevent or to the extent possible
minimize impacts to the population of endangered species, as well as to achieve
net gains in certain biodiversity values for which critical habitats have been
identified;
assess whether biodiversity offsets are required, and if necessary, develop an
effective and meaningful offset strategy;
provide a robust biodiversity monitoring and evaluation program for the
construction and operational phases of the Project as the basis for adaptive
management of the Projects biodiversity aspects and impacts, including residual
impacts; and
provide a framework for engaging stakeholders on conservation and other topics
related to the biodiversity-related aspects of the Project.
Transportation Management Plan this plan will address the management of

truck/convoy traffic on the access roadways to the site. The plan will also describe
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rules of the road, travel security, monitoring for erosional damage and illegal or
undesirable human influx into the Project concession, sharing of maintenance
responsibilities with other road users; appropriate cross references to the Emergency
Preparedness and Response Plan will also be provided.
Stakeholder Engagement Plan this plan will describe the methods PETN and
Vestas will use to engage the workforce, affected communities and other potential
stakeholders directly affected by the Project, and to ensure that relevant environmental
and social information is disclosed and disseminated through appropriate outreach and
communications procedures. The Stakeholder Engagement Plan will also invoke
procedures for managing evaluation and response to external grievances, complaints,
and questions.
Livelihood Restoration Plan this plan will describe the anticipated range of impacts
to livelihoods as a result of project land acquisition and/or restrictions to land use
during construction. It will identify the Persons Affected by the Project (PAPs) and
provide a detailed plan for compensation and livelihood restoration. The Livelihood
Restoration Plan will include:
-
an introduction to the project;

a summary of relevant project impacts;
a summary of applicable legal and regulatory requirements, as managed via the
processes defined by Section 3.1 of this ESMS Plan;
a summary of the socioeconomic baseline;
results of a detailed socio-economic census of PAPs, and an inventory of affected
land and assets at the household level;
eligibility criteria for compensation;
an entitlement matrix;
a summary of the stakeholder engagement requirements defined by Stakeholder
Engagement Plan;
the projected timeframe for Livelihood Restoration Plan implementation;
a discussion of organizational capacity;
specific requirements for monitoring, evaluation, and reporting; and
a summary of available budget and resources
With respect to the latter, the Livelihood Restoration Plan will also describe the
retention of a competent resettlement professional to provide advice on compliance
with the relevant sections of IFC PS 5 and as a resource in monitoring the
effectiveness of plan implementation via the ESMS auditing and management review
mechanisms discussed in Sections 12.7.4 and 12.7.5. The Livelihood Restoration Plan
will also specifically require that PAPs be consulted during the monitoring processes so
described.
Site Reclamation and Closure Plan this plan will include specific requirements for
monitoring the completeness of required end-of-Project turbine demolition or removal
actions, removal of other infrastructure, and the effectiveness of the restoration and revegetation of the reclaimed disturbed areas. Specific erosional issues associated with
closed areas will be monitored, and if necessary, remediated.
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All of the management/mitigation plans listed above will consider appropriate resources and
source materials drawn from the Vestas Management System Manual (Vestas, 2015) and its
supporting plans and procedures. Individual plans will be organized to emphasize end user
effectiveness and unless other specific requirements are noted in the previous descriptions
typically include:
a clear statement of objectives or purpose;

brief discussion of the relationship to the overall structure and purpose of the Project
ESMS;
regulatory and/or GIIP references, as applicable;
roles and responsibilities of key personnel;
specific measures, procedures, or practices to prevent or mitigate the environmental or

social issues or impacts that are the primary focus of a given Plan;
training requirements (see Section 12.5.2);
any applicable inspection and/or monitoring requirements;
any external or internal reporting requirements; and
a brief discussion of applicable plan review, approval, and update (change

management) protocols

Modifications may be periodically required to incorporate the results of regular
environmental, social, and OHS risk reviews as discussed in Sections 12.3.2 and 12.3.3.
Changes and modifications will be controlled per Section 12.1.3.
The ESMS Plan and the management/mitigation plans noted above may also require the
support of various MSPs written to guide PETN and Vestas workers and subcontractor
personnel in the day-to-day performance of specific activities.
Development and
implementation of these procedures will be led by either PETN or Vestas. As shown in
Table 67, PETN will generally have responsibility for procedures that support project
oversight or general administrative management functions, while Vestas-developed
procedures will be more focused on day-to day Project operations. The greater portion of
these procedures will be based on (or their development in some part will be supported by)
templates or models already developed by Vestas for similar international projects.

Number
MSP-01
65
Title
Grievance Mechanism
Lead
PETN
Template/Resources Reference
INS RSK-SBU-MEX Grievance

Mechanism V3
Vestas Closing Report- Grievance
Mechanism
References and resources in this column will be provided from Vestas corporate resources.
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Number
Title
Lead
MSP-02
Employee and Contractor

Training
MSP-03
Preparation, Review, Approval,

and Update of Management
System Procedures
MSP-04
ESMS Document Distribution and

Control
Management of Records
MSP-05
Field Inspections
MSP-06
MSP-07
Management of Nonconformances and Corrective/

Preventive Action
MSP-08
Chance Archaeological Finds
MSP-09
MSP-10
MSP-11

Footprint Surveys and Land
Clearances
Community Meetings
Management of Stakeholder
Communications
Vestas
PETN
65
SUS TRA SAI, Administrate Safety

Awareness Induction
SUS TRA TED, Plan and Execute
Sustainability Training and Education
INS SUS TRA TED [MED]
Sustainability Training
To Be Developed (TBD)
PETN
Vestas procedures Document and

Record Lifecycle and Guidelines and
Requirements to Document and Record
Management
PETN
Vestas Document & Record

Management Policy
Vestas procedures Document and
Record Lifecycle and Guidelines and
Requirements to Document and Record
Management
Vestas
SUS-MEA-SCH Plan and Perform

(HSE) Safety Checks
INS SUS MEA SCH [MED] Checks
and Inspections
Vestas
Vestas Incident Management System
Vestas
INS SUS ASM ENV [MED] Cultural

Heritage
Vestas
PETN
PETN
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TBD
Implementation and Control
Guideline
Community Relations
Wind Farms Under Construction
INS SUS COM EXC, Manage
E&OHS Communication with External
Parties
INS SUS COM EXC [MED]
Communication with External Parties
PETN
ESIS Addendum

Title
Number
Lead
Bird and Bat Mortality Monitoring
65
Vestas
INS SUS ENV ASM [MED], Wildlife

Protection
Vestas
INS SUS ASM ENV [MED] Soil

Protection
PETN
SUS ASM ENV Map and Assess

Environmental Aspects and Impacts
MSP-15
Legal and Regulatory

Requirements Register
PETN
SUS ASM LOR Monitor and

Implement HSE Legal and Other
Requirements
MSP-16
Compliance Verification Audits
PETN
QMA AUA PPA Preparing and

Performing Audits and Assessments
MSP-17
ESMS Audits
PETN
QMA AUA PPA Preparing and

Performing Audits and Assessments
MSP-18
ESMS Management Reviews
PETN
QMA MAR PMR Performing

Management Review
MSP-19
Project Safety Hazard

Identification, Reporting, and Risk
Assessment
Vestas
SUS ASM HRA Identify Hazards

and Assess Risks
MSP-20
Prevention of Communicable
Diseases
MSP-12
MSP-13
MSP-14
Control of Erosion and

Sedimentation
Objectives, Targets, and
Performance Improvement Action
Plans
Vestas
Personal Protective Equipment

MSP-21
MSP-22
First Aid and Emergency Medical

Response
TBD
Vestas
Vestas Guideline: Personal

Protective Equipment
SUS IEM EMR, Plan and Check
Emergency Response
Vestas
SUS IEM EMR, Plan and Check

Emergency Response
MSP-23
Operational Safety Meetings
Vestas
SER-SBM-SSS-OSM [MED] Service

Operations Safety Meetings
SUS CMT SWM Perform Safety
Walk for Managers
MSP-24
Dust Suppression
Vestas
INS SUS ASM ENV [MED] Air

Emissions Control
Vestas
Vestas Corporate OHS Manual,

Chapter 16, Vehicles, Heavy
Transport and Lifting Equipment
Transportation Safety
MSP-25
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Title
Number
Lead
65
Vestas
SUS CHM HCH Handle Chemicals

SUS-CHM-DNG Manage Dangerous
Goods
INS SUS-CHM-HCH [MED]
Handling, Storage and Transportation
of Chemicals
Vestas

Chapter 07, Fire Protection and
Prevention
MSP-28
Electrical Safety/Lockout and

Tagout Requirements
Vestas
SUS MET ELS Manage Electrical

Safety - Hazardous Energy
MSP-29
Working from Heights
Vestas

Chapter 10, Working at Heights
MSP-30
Vehicle Fueling and Spill

Prevention
Vestas
SUS IEM EMR Plan and Check

Emergency Response
MSP-26
Handling and Storage of

Hazardous Materials
Welding and Cutting Safety

MSP-27
MSP-31
Fire Prevention Program
Vestas

Chapter 07, Fire Protection and
Prevention
SUS IEM EMR Plan and Check
Emergency Response
MSP-32
Site Security
Vestas
Vestas Site Security template
All procedures will be consider the minimum applicable requirements of the references noted
in Table 65; they will be prepared with a level of detail commensurate with the phase of the
project, the complexity of the task, current staffing levels, and the capabilities and
experience of the workforce.
12.1.3 Change Management

This iteration of the ESMS Plan is prepared to support the start of the construction phase of
the project; ESMS Plan adequacy and effectiveness will be evaluated and updates initiated
for later phases of the Project, as appropriate, in response to the internal audit and
management review processes described in Section 12.7.4 and 12.7.5. MSP preparation,
review, approval, controlled distribution, and update requirements will be defined by MSP03, Preparation, Review, Approval, and Update of Management System Procedures.
Latest approved versions of all levels of ESMS documents will be subject to controlled
distribution in accordance with MSP-04, ESMS Document Distribution and Control.

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12.2
ESIS Addendum
Policy
PETN has prepared three key policy statements for the Project that collectively define the
Projects commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility:
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy: Community Relations;
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy: Human Resource; and
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy: Environment, Health, and Safety.

These policy statements are included in Appendix A; they are benchmarked against the
specific requirements of IFC PS 1, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001, and will be signed by
PETN project officers and issued prior to the commencement of the construction phase.
Taken in combination, these policies emphasize open communications and consideration of
the social and environmental interests of affected communities and residents, regulatory
authorities, the Project workforce, and other stakeholders. The suitability and effectiveness
of these policies will be evaluated at least annually as part of the management review
process described in Section 12.7.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy contents
will also be communicated to the Project workforce through periodic human resources,
social, environmental, and OHS awareness training (see Section 12.5.2), and by visual
posting of the policy documents in key locations at the Project site. Vestas and other Project
contractors will also be advised on applicable CSR policy requirements through their
individual procurement documents, as noted in Section 12.4.3.2. Copies of these policies
will also be distributed in response to specific requests for information, or as may otherwise
be directed by Project management.

12.3
Identification of Risk and Impacts
12.3.1 Legal and Other Requirements

The Project will maintain understanding of the full scope of legal and regulatory requirements
that apply to all phases of the Project life cycle, as well as any associated planning,
operating, monitoring, or reporting requirements. Prior to the initiation of the major
construction phase of the Project, however, procedure MSP 15, Legal and Regulatory
Requirements Register will be implemented in order to provide guidance for routinely
integrating required permitting actions into the advance planning and scheduling of
construction and regular operations of the wind farm. This understanding will be considered
in the risk and impact evaluation process described in Section 12.3.2. MPS-16 will also
provide for the development and regular update of a Project-specific register of regulatory
requirements, as well as other voluntary lender and industry-specific standards that PETN
will adopt for this Project (e.g., applicable IFC Performance Standards and EHS Guidelines).
MPS-16 will also require that the Project establish and maintain access to appropriate
information sources as the means to identify new or modified regulatory requirements that
may affect any phase of Project operations.
As noted in Section 12.7.2.2, after the initiation of the major construction phase, the Projects
regulatory compliance status will be subject to an internal verification audit on at least an
annual basis in accordance with MSP-16, Compliance Verification Audits. Any compliance
issues that may be detected in the verification audit process will be formally resolved in
accordance with MSP-08, Management of Non-conformances and Corrective/Preventive
Action.
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12.3.2 Social and Environmental Aspects and Impacts, Risk Assessment, and
Risk Management Planning
The social and environmental impacts identified in the Project ESIS Addendum will be
summarized and documented in a project-specific list or register, which will be evaluated on
at least an annual basis in accordance with MSP-15, Environmental and Social Impacts,
Objectives, Targets, and Performance Improvement Action Plans. MSP-15 will be designed
to address the identification of new impacts or any subsequent additions or modifications to
the results of the Project ESIS Addendum that may be prompted by changes in
environmental or operational conditions, lender requirements or other stakeholder interests,
regulatory requirements, or other relevant changes. The input provided by local/external
stakeholders will also be identified and specifically considered in the evaluation of social and
environmental aspects and impacts. Any necessary changes in the aspects/impacts register
will be reflected in appropriate modifications or additions to the Projects
management/mitigation plans or other performance improvement measures, as discussed in
Section 12.4.3 and MSP-14, .
12.3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment,

and Risk Management Planning
As noted in Table 67, PETN and Vestas will develop an initial group of OHS-related MSPs to
address predicted hazards and OHS risks. Work area-specific risks that will need to be
addressed as the Project progresses will be evaluated and documented in a periodically
updated register of risks and mitigation measures, in accordance with MSP-19, Project
Safety Hazard Identification, Reporting, and Risk Assessment. The results of this periodic
evaluation will form the basis of the OHS component of an ongoing performance
improvement program, which will be implemented at the start of construction. Hazards or
unsafe conditions that may be observed will be investigated and considered, as appropriate,
in updates or additions to affected management/mitigation plans. Should additional MSPs
be required to address newly observed conditions or other planning needs, they will be
developed in accordance with MSP-03, Preparation, Review, Approval, and Update of
Management System Procedures.

12.4
Management Programs
12.4.1 Environmental, Social, and Health & Safety (ESHS) Objectives, Targets,
and Performance Improvement Action Plans
At the start of the construction phase of the Project and on at least an annual basis
thereafter, performance objectives and targets will be set in an effort to further minimize or
mitigate the environmental and social impacts described in Section 12.3.2, as well as any
identified OHS hazards and risks as discussed in Section 12.3.3, over and above the
measures that may already be in effect in existing management/mitigation plans or MSPs.
This process will be documented in MSP-15, Environmental and Social Impacts, Objectives,
Targets, and Performance Improvement Action Plans, and will be designed to ensure that
objectives and targets are prioritized for improvement action on the basis of:
the relative significance of their associated impacts;
the presence or absence of specific regulatory, stakeholder, or OHS issues; and
the presence, adequacy, or effectiveness of current management/mitigation plans or

MSPs.

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12.4.2 ESHS Performance Improvement Management

Program/Management/mitigation plans
At the start of the construction phase, PETN will implement an annual social, environmental,
and
OHS
performance
review
and
improvement
process
that
updates
management/mitigation plans to address specific impacts or undertake specific performance
improvements, based on the performance objectives and targets discussed in Section 12.4.1
and MSP-15, Environmental and Social Impacts, Objectives, Targets, and Performance
Improvement Action Plans. MSP-15 will require that technical guidance and appropriate
scheduling information be provided for each performance improvement action. Current
regulatory requirements (see Section 12.3.1) and communications from external
stakeholders (see Section 12.8.1) will also be considered in the process of preparing and
updating individual management/mitigation plans. Progress toward the completion of the
improvement actions so defined will be monitored as described in Section 12.7.2.1 of this
ESMS Plan. Final review and approval of specific performance improvement actions will be
conducted as part of the annual management review process described in Section 12.7.5.
12.4.3 Operational Control

12.4.3.1 Management of Social and Environmental Impacts
As noted in Section 12.4.2 and Table 66, a series of detailed management/mitigation plans
will be developed to address those areas of Project operations for which the ESIA process
has indicated that potentially significant environmental and social impacts are known to exist,
or could potentially occur in one or more phases of the Project life cycle. Where necessary,
these management/mitigation plans will be supported by MSPs. All such documents are
subject to periodic evaluation, refinement, and update in response to changing regulations,
process changes or improvements, or other change requirements, in accordance with the
processes described in Section 12.1.3.
The specific environmental impacts associated with any field investigation or preliminary
construction activity that involves a surface disturbance will be identified, documented, and
appropriately mitigated in accordance with the process that will be defined in MSP-09,
Environmental and Social Footprint Surveys and Land Clearances.
MSP-09 will
specifically require the identification, flagging, protection, documentation, reporting, and
controlled investigation of environmentally sensitive areas or species. MSP-08, Chance
Archaeological Finds will be invoked if artifacts or structures with potential archaeological,
historical, or cultural value are identified in a footprint survey. Also, as discussed in Section
12.3.2, at the start of the construction phase, the Project will also commence an annual
evaluation of the OHS hazards and risks associated with its operations, in accordance with
procedure MSP-19, Project Safety Hazard Identification, Reporting, and Risk Assessment.
The results of this evaluation may prompt OHS performance improvements as described in
Section 12.4.2, or updates or additions to the MSPs or management/mitigation plans listed
previously. Hazardous or unsafe conditions that may be observed in the course of the
Project are to be documented in accordance with MSP-19, investigated, and, if appropriate,
also considered in updates or additions to the management/mitigation plans and/or MSPs.
Additional procedural controls may be established for newly observed conditions, as
appropriate, in accordance with MSP-03, Preparation, Review, Approval, and Update of
Management System Procedures.

12.4.3.2 Control of Contractor Operations
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PETN and Vestas purchasing or contracts staff will co-ordinate with the Vestas
Environmental and OHS Managers as necessary to ensure that appropriate environmental,
OHS, and safety behavioral controls are included in the purchase orders or contracts issued
to suppliers and contractors.
PETN policy, management/mitigation plan, or MSP
requirements may be invoked directly without modification, or selected requirements may be
invoked as appropriate for the nature of the procurement and the capabilities of the
contractor. Contractor training needs will also be defined as appropriate. Other appropriate
contractual requirements will be invoked to ensure that the delivery of hazardous materials
as well as non-hazardous materials and equipment or other contractor operations do not
negatively impact the regulatory compliance status of the Project or compromise the
effectiveness of the ESMS. Contractor staff may be requested to participate in emergency
response drills or other training exercises, at the discretion of the Environmental/OHS
Managers; participation requirements will be incorporated in the governing procurement
document.
12.5
Organizational Capacity and Competency
12.5.1 Structure and Responsibility

Figure 28 depicts the organization of key ESMS implementation roles during the construction
phase of the Project.

International
Lenders
Contracts
ManagerPETN
Community
Relations Mgr.PETN
Occupational
Health & Safety
Manager
Equity Providers Sarreole/ACEI
Project Manager PETN
ESMS Advisor/
Auditor
PETN
Construction
Manager Vestas
Community
Relations
Manager
Environmental
Manager
Human
Resources
Manager
Reporting
Management authority
Figure 28 : ESMS Organizational Chart Construction Phase

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Individually and collectively, all Project employees are responsible for:
working safely, within the guidelines and requirements established by this ESMS Plan
and the supporting Management/mitigation plans and procedures cited herein ;
supporting the environmental, social, and OHS policies established for the Project in
the day to day performance of their work;
notifying their supervisors, the Environmental Manager, or the OHS Manager of any
observed spills, equipment malfunctions, unsafe or unhealthy situations, improper
environmental practices, or other issues that could represent a nonconformance with
the requirements this ESMS Plan.

Other specific responsibilities associated with the key positions noted in Figure 28 are
summarized as follows:
Project Manager - PETN: The PETN Project Manager will have overall responsibility
for successful completion of Project activities in the manner described in this ESMS
Plan and the supporting management/mitigation plans and MSPs described herein,
and will serve as PETNs primary liaison contact with the Vestas Construction Manager
and management staff. The PETN Project Manager will also assume a lead role in the
investigation and resolution of any community relations or labor grievance that may
occur in the course of the Project.
Contracts Manager - PETN: The PETN Contracts Manager, among their other
responsibilities, will work with the ESMS Advisor/Auditor to ensure that appropriate
elements of the ESMS Plan are reflected in the Vestas contract in particular, and to
other contractor procurement documents as appropriate for the goods or services
provided.
ESMS Advisor/Auditor - PETN: The PETN ESMS Advisor/Auditor will work with the
Contracts Manager to ensure that appropriate elements of the ESMS Plan are reflected
in the Vestas contract in particular, and to other contractor procurement documents as
appropriate for the goods or services provided. The ESMS Advisor/Auditor will also be
responsible for coordinating or conducting the compliance verification, internal audit,
and management review processes described in Sections 12.7.2.2, 12.7.4, and 12.7.5,
as well as serving as an overall technical resource to the Vestas Environmental and
OHS Managers with respect to ESMS implementation.
Community Relations Manager - PETN: The PETN Community Relations Manager
will be responsible for overseeing the activities of the Vestas Community Relations
Manager and the overall implementation of the Vestas Stakeholder Engagement Plan.
The Community Relations Manager will also coordinate with the PETN Project
Manager and the Vestas Community Relations Manager in the investigation and
resolution of any community grievances or other issues that involve local communities
or external stakeholders.
Construction Manager: The Vestas Construction Manager will be responsible for
overseeing day-to-day environmental clearance and/or construction activities. These
duties include review of construction reports to monitor progress and issues
encountered, and in providing the resources and otherwise assisting the Environmental
and Health and Safety Officers in the timely resolution of any observed health, safety,
and environmental (HSE) issues.
Environmental Manager: The Vestas Environmental Manager will be responsible to
the Construction Manager and the PETN Project Manager for administering the
environmental aspects of the ESMS, and will participate in the review, approval, and as
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necessary, update or modification of this ESMS Plan and supporting

management/mitigation plans and MSPs in response to changing project conditions.
The Environmental Manager will also be responsible for the regular monitoring of
project activities to ensure continuing compliance with this ESMS Plan; see Section
12.7. The Environmental Manager will provide input to periodic HSE monitoring
reports, and may also conduct focused inspections of specific environmental issues at
the request of the Construction Manager or the PETN Project Manager or ESMS
Advisor/Auditor.
OHS Manager: The Vestas OHS Manager will be responsible to the Construction
Manager and the PETN Project Manager for administering the OHS aspects of the
ESMS, and will participate in the review, approval, and as necessary, update or
modification of this ESMS Plan and supporting management/mitigation plans and
MSPs in response to changing project conditions. The OHS Manager will also be
responsible for periodic monitoring of project activities to ensure continuing compliance
with the OHS elements of the ESMS Plan. The OHS Manager will also provide input to
HSE monitoring reports, and may also conduct focused inspections of specific health
and safety or social/community relations issues at the request of the Construction
Manager or the PETN Project Manager or ESMS Advisor/Auditor.
Community Relations Manager: The Vestas Community Relations Manager will be
responsible for managing interactions with local communities with respect to public
health and safety, security, and other social concerns as defined in the Stakeholder
Engagement Plan. The Community Relations Manager will also coordinate with the
PETN Community Relations Project Manager in the investigation and resolution of any
community grievances or other issues that involve local communities or external
stakeholders
Human Resources Manager: The Vestas Human Resources Manager will assist the
Construction Manager in the resolution of any workforce concerns or complaints that
may be encountered in the course of the Project. The Human Resources Manager will
also support the PETN Project Manager in the investigation and resolution of any labor
grievances that may occur in the course of the Project.
12.5.2 Training, Awareness, and Competence

The Project workforce will be provided appropriate types and levels of training in accordance
with MSP-03, Employee and Contractor Training. Training subjects and methods will be
selected that are commensurate with routine and emergency work assignments, as well as
any OHS hazards or environmental and social impacts that may be associated with those
assignments. Training methods will be selected based on job descriptions and the
experience and qualifications of the employee. At a minimum, all employees and new hires
will receive awareness training that (as appropriate for the phase of the Project) addresses:
community relations, human relations, and HSE policy commitments (see Section 12.2
and Annex U);
the significant social and environmental impacts of the Project and the measures that
will be employed to manage or mitigate such impacts;
the major OHS hazards likely to be encountered in the construction and operation of
the Project, and how to avoid such hazards or mitigate the associated risks (see MSP20, Project Safety Hazard Identification, Reporting, and Risk Assessment); and
any significant regulatory or community stakeholder concerns that must be considered
in day-to-day operations (see MSP-01, Grievance Mechanism and MSP 12,
Management of Stakeholder Communications).
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Refresher training will be provided to all staff on at least an annual basis. Additional training
on specific management/mitigation plans or MSP requirements will be provided as
appropriate for individual work assignments. Training requirements specifically applicable to
suppliers or contractors will be defined within the context of individual contracts or purchase
orders as discussed in Section 12.4.3.2.

12.6
Emergency Preparedness and Response

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan will be designed to minimize the potential
for accidents and emergency situations during the construction and operations phases of the
Project.
The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan will be developed in conjunction with the
other management/mitigation plans noted in Section 12.4.2, and will be reviewed and if
necessary updated on at least an annual basis. The Emergency Preparedness and
Response Plan will identify key emergency-related roles and responsibilities, and will provide
direction on required responses to operational or environmental emergencies. The
Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan will also be supported by several key MSPs,
including:
MSP-02, Employee and Contractor Training
MSP-19, Project Safety Hazard Identification, Reporting, and Risk Assessment
MSP-22, First Aid and Emergency Medical Response
MSP-23, Operational Safety Meetings;
MSP-31, Fire Prevention Program and
MSP-32, Site Security.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan will also contain requirements for
periodic tests and drills to ensure that necessary response actions are understood by
PETNs designated rescue team, other Project staff, contractors, and, as appropriate for the
given location, community emergency response personnel. In addition to the emergency
notification requirements addressed in the Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan,
the circumstances and response actions associated with any significant spills, releases,
accidents, near-misses, or other emergency situations for which the Project has direct
responsibility will be documented and investigated, and appropriate corrective and
preventive actions will be taken in conformance with Section 12.7.3 and MSP-07,
Management of Non-conformances and Corrective/Preventive Action. Preventive actions
in such cases will require a mandatory review of the adequacy and effectiveness of the
Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan and its supporting procedures, and
subsequent updates as warranted by the results of the review.

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12.7
ESIS Addendum
Monitoring and Review
12.7.1 ESMS Records

Records generated as output from the implementation of the ESMS Plan and its supporting
plans and procedures will be filed and maintained by administrative staff under the direction
of the Environmental Manager, in accordance with procedure MSP-05, Management of
Records. MSP-05 will define records organization, retention, and storage and retrieval
requirements, as well as access control and other requirements designed to preserve the
accessibility and integrity of records.
12.7.2 Monitoring and Measurement

12.7.2.1
ESMS Monitoring
Specific ESMS monitoring considerations may be addressed in individual

management/mitigation plans and supporting MSPs. However, a comprehensive Project
Environmental Monitoring Plan will also be developed to capture all of the specific monitoring
needs identified in these documents and the final ESIA for the Project. The Environmental
Monitoring Plan will provide for the development and maintenance of a spreadsheet
documenting the planning, execution, and reporting actions associated with the
environmental monitoring requirements that will apply in the construction, operation,
decommissioning/closure phases of the Project. The sources of these requirements may
include:
environmental, social, and OHS monitoring parameters that may be identified by

Senegalese regulations;
progress monitoring requirements associated with the performance improvement
process described in Section 12.4; and
other specific environmental monitoring requirements established by individual
management/mitigation plans.

Maps depicting monitoring locations for surface water flow and water quality, groundwater
levels, groundwater quality and meteorological information, as appropriate for the
construction phase of the Project will be included in the initial iterations of the Environmental
Monitoring Plan. Appropriate updates shall be made as the Project proceeds from
construction to operation and eventually, decommissioning and closure. Specific sampling
and monitoring procedures and required laboratory analytical procedure requirements will be
invoked by reference.
Non-conformances noted in monitoring activities will be resolved through the corrective and
preventive action process discussed in Section 12.7.3. The Environmental Monitoring Plan
will also describe the preparation and independent review, approval, and issue of an annual
performance monitoring report that will be submitted to PETN as well as the International
Lenders and Equity Providers to the Project (see Figure 28). Consideration of the annual
performance monitoring report results will represent a major component of the management
review process described in Section 12.7.5.

12.7.2.2
Regulatory Compliance Verification Audits
No later than one year after the commencement of the construction phase (and annually
thereafter), the PETN Project Manager will request that the ESMS Advisor/Auditor conduct
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or coordinate a detailed verification of Project compliance with applicable regulations, in

accordance with MSP-17, Compliance Verification Audits as described in Section 12.3.1.
Audits may be conducted by PETN or Vestas personnel or qualified contractors, subject to
the functional independence, training, and qualification requirements that will be noted in
MSP-16. The current version of the regulatory requirements list developed in accordance
with Section 12.3.1 will be used as a primary reference for the audit, and audit results will be
considered in any subsequent updates.
Any non-conformances will be promptly
documented and resolved as required by Section 12.7.3 and MSP-07, Management of Nonconformances and Corrective/Preventive Action.
12.7.2.3 ESHS Performance Measurements
After the initiation of the construction phase, the Project will conduct an annual evaluation of
OHS hazards and risks, in accordance with MSP-19, Project Safety Hazard Identification,
Reporting, and Risk Assessment. Per MSP, evaluated documents will include corrective
and preventive action records generated for significant near-misses and/or accidents that
occurred in the previous year, as well as the number of OHS training sessions conducted,
the number of staff trained in comparison to the average annual employment level, and
records of specific physical improvements to infrastructure made to correct OHS deficiencies
or other OHS-related purposes. The results of this evaluation will form the basis of the OHS
component of the performance improvement program described in Section 12.4.2, and will
also be reported to management as part of the performance data required by the
management review process discussed in Section 12.7.5.
12.7.3 Non-conformance Reporting and Corrective and Preventive Action

All Project staff are responsible for bringing suspected non-conformances, spills or releases
of potentially hazardous wastes or materials, or other existing or potential emergency
situations to the immediate attention of their supervisor or the Environmental or OHS
Managers for evaluation. In addition to the specific response actions that may be required
by individual management/mitigation plans or the current Emergency Preparedness and
Response Plan (see Section 12.6), such situations will be promptly evaluated, documented,
and thoroughly investigated, and appropriate management actions will be taken in
accordance with the corrective and preventive action processes that will be described in
MSP-07, Management of Non-conformances and Corrective/Preventive Action.
In addition to direct observation, the requirements of MSP-07 will also be invoked for the
resolution of non-conformances identified through external stakeholder communications (see
Sections 12.8.1 and 12.9.1); periodic regulatory compliance verifications (see Section
12.7.2.2); annual internal ESMS audits (see Section 12.7.4); or external inspections or audits
conducted by or at the request of regulatory agencies or other external stakeholders.
Non-conformances are defined as conditions that PETN and Vestas can control or
substantially influence that:
are contrary to PETNs CSR policy commitments (see Section 12.2 and Appendix A);
can be classified as accidents or significant near-misses;
violate a legal or regulatory requirement, or represent a worsening condition that could

result in a violation if not corrected;
could potentially result in negative environmental or social impacts to the Project; or
represent a lack of conformance with this ESMS
management/mitigation plans and procedures.

283 of 286
Plan or its supporting
PETN
ESIS Addendum
If a non-conformance is judged to exist, Corrective/Preventive Action Requests (CPARs) will

be initiated and tracked until closure in accordance with MSP-07. CPAR documents and
tracking logs are considered to be key ESMS performance records and will be maintained as
described in Section 12.7.1 and MSP-05, Management of Records. CPAR information will
be routinely evaluated, as appropriate, in the planning of regulatory compliance verification
audits, internal ESMS audits (see Section 7.4), and management reviews (Section 12.7.5).
12.7.4 Internal ESMS Audits

After the start of the major construction phase, a comprehensive internal audit of the
functionality and effectiveness of the ESMS will be performed at least every two years in
accordance with MSP-17, ESMS Audits.
MSP-17 will be based on ISO 1901166, a
combined environmental/quality management system auditing standard that is cited by both
ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Audit responsibilities will be assigned to properly qualified
personnel and/or independent contractors or consultants who are functionally independent
from the operational areas being audited. Additional audits may be performed at the
discretion of PETNs senior management. Any non-conformances detected in the audit
process will be resolved in accordance with MSP-07, Management of Non-conformances
and Corrective/Preventive Action.
12.7.5 Management Review

After the beginning of the construction phase, the PETN Project Manager will request the
performance of an internal management review of the overall suitability and effectiveness of
the Project ESMS, in accordance with MSP-18, ESMS Management Reviews. Such
reviews will involve the independent examination of several layers of environmental, social,
and OHS performance information, developed through the routine implementation of this
ESMS Plan and its supporting management/mitigation plans and MSPs. This information
will be assembled by or at the direction of the Vestas Environmental and OHS Managers,
and will include:
open and closed C/PARs generated from the reporting of environmental, social, or
OHS-related non-conformances, periodic regulatory compliance audits, monitoring
trends or results, internal ESMS audits, or inspections or evaluations that may have
been conducted by regulatory agencies, lending institutions, equity partners, or other
external organizations;
known or potential environmental and social issues and the concerns of interested
parties, as documented in current communication logs and supporting correspondence
(see Sections 12.8 and 12.9 and MSP-01, Grievance Mechanism);
environmental, social, and OHS performance monitoring results, or other reports or
information collected to assess progress towards the completion of specific mitigation
measures or performance improvement actions;
reports from previous management reviews conducted in accordance with this Section;
and
other pertinent information.

This information will be evaluated against the requirements of the current versions of PETN
CSR policy documents (see Appendix A) and the current regulatory requirements register
(see Section 12.3.1). Any anticipated changes in regulatory compliance requirements,
facility changes, organizational changes, or new directives that potentially affect the
66
See ISO 19011:2002, Guidelines for quality and/or environmental management systems auditing; (International
Organization for Standardization, 2002).
284 of 286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
company's environmental, social, and/or OHS management practices will also be

considered.
The management review will be documented in report format, and, as appropriate, will
include specific recommendations for ESMS improvements, external sharing or publication
of annual monitoring report results, or other appropriate management actions. It will be
presented to PETNs Project Manager for final review and approval. Recommended
performance improvement tasks will be documented that address any required ESMS Plan,
management/mitigation plan, or MSP updates; policy modifications; external
communications; or other appropriate improvement actions.
If previously undetected non-conformances are observed in the management review
process, they will be documented and resolved as discussed in Section 12.7.3.

12.8
Stakeholder Engagement
12.8.1 Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Planning

PETN and Vestas will prepare a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan which will be
developed, approved, and issued prior to the Projects construction phase, and will remain in
effect over the life of the Project. General protocols for documenting and managing
complaints from stakeholders will be managed in accordance with MSP-01, Grievance
Mechanism, in order to ensure that any stakeholder complaints or inquiries detected are
documented and brought to the attention of management and properly considered as the
Stakeholder Engagement Plan is developed. Additional MSPs will be issued in support of
the Stakeholder Engagement Plan; these will include:
MSP-32, Site Security, which will address general site security issues, as well as
appropriate actions to be taken in direct encounters with individuals or groups who may
be trespassing or are engaged in illegal activities; and
MSP-19, Project Safety Hazard Identification, Reporting, and Risk Assessment,
which will include guidance on handling potential hazards to members of the local
communities who may grow crops or graze cattle on the Project site or transient
groups or individuals that may be encountered in the Project area.
12.8.2 Disclosure of Information

As noted in Section 12.8.1, a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will be
developed prior to the start of construction that will incorporate the social management
themes reflected in the latest Project ESIA, including specific requirements for the disclosure
of Project information. Should unauthorized individuals be directly encountered in the field,
MSP-32, Site Security will require that all such contacts be documented and appropriate
hazard avoidance measures be implemented.
12.8.3 Informed Consultation and Participation

As noted in Section 12.8.1, a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will be prepared
and implemented. Pursuant to Stakeholder Engagement Plan requirements, community
information and consultation meetings will be periodically conducted. Should either
community information and consultation meetings or any community health and safety
awareness meetings result in specific complaints or information requests, they will be
documented and referred to management for follow-up in accordance with MSP-01,
Grievance Mechanism or MSP-11, Management of Stakeholder Communications, as
appropriate for the circumstances.
285 of 286
PETN
ESIS Addendum
12.8.4 Indigenous Peoples

It is assumed that the requirements of Section 32 of PS 1 (which require obtaining Free,
Prior, and Informed Consent) will not apply, as no indigenous peoples will be impacted by
the Project. Should the Project receive specific complaints or information requests, they will
be documented and referred to management for appropriate follow-up in accordance with
MSP-01, Grievance Mechanism.
12.8.5 Private Sector Responsibilities under Government-Led Stakeholder

Engagement
It is assumed that the requirements of Section 33 of PS 1 will not apply, as stakeholder
engagement is understood to be a PETN/Vestas responsibility, and is not specifically
reserved for the Government of Senegal.

12.9
12.9.1 External Communications

As noted in Section 12.8.1, a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will be
developed prior to the start of the construction phase of the Project. The Stakeholder
Engagement Plan will incorporate MSP-11, Management of Stakeholder Communications
for responding to basic information requests and suggestions from external stakeholders,
and for communicating information about the Project to stakeholders on an ongoing basis.
MSP-11 will require appropriate responses to all stakeholder inquires; responses to more
complex information requests and notifications of specific concerns and grievances as
defined by the IFC PSs will be managed as described in Section 12.9.2.
12.9.2 Grievance Mechanism to Affected Communities

As previously noted, a comprehensive Stakeholder Engagement Plan will be developed prior
to the start of construction. The Stakeholder Engagement Plan will incorporate MSP-01,
Grievance Mechanism specifically for the review and management of responses to all
complex information requests, concerns, and grievances as defined by the IFC PSs.

12.10 Ongoing Reporting to Affected Communities

As many of the management/mitigation plans discussed in Section 12.1.2 will not be fully
implemented until the start of the construction phase, formal reporting to affected
communities on the overall effectiveness of the ESMS in the management and mitigation of
the environmental and social aspects of the Project will occur at the end of the first year of
major construction activities. Reporting requirements will be elaborated in the Project
Stakeholder Engagement Plan.
286 of 286
MEMO
Job
Memo no.
Date
To
From
Copy to
Parc Eolien Taiba NDiaye

M02346478_2
22/09/2015
Jean Kim,
Sarah Shoff,
Adam Fitchet,
Peter Burston,
Sharon Maharg,
Eric McCartney,
Bruno Vigneron
Chanda Kapande
Lisa Pinsley
Ramboll Environ call with OPIC, 21st September 2015

re. Hooded Vulture.
This memo sets out the key points of the telephone conversation
between Ramboll Environ and OPIC on 21st September 2015
regarding the sightings of hooded vulture Necrosyrtes monachus
within the proposed Taiba NDiaye wind farm Project Area in
western Senegal.
VantagePoint(VP)surveystobestpracticeinternational
standards(ScottishNaturalHeritagewindfarmguidance,
April2014asreferencedinthebiodiversityassessment)
commencedinMarch2015inordertocoincidewiththe
springmigrationperiod.FiveVPshavebeensurveyedthree
timesamonthsinceMarch2015andthesesurveysare
ongoing.TheBiodiversitychapteroftheESISAddendum
reportstheresultsofsurveysuptoandincludingAugust
2015.
IntheperiodfromMarch2015toAugust2015,30hoursof
observationhavebeencompletedfromeachVP.During
thesesurveysjusttwoobservationsofhoodedvulturewere
made,oneinApril2015andoneinAugust2015,bothinthe
northernpartoftheProjectArea.Anadditionalobservation
ofahoodedvulturewasmadeduringthebreedingbird
surveywithintheProjectArea.Noobservationsofhooded
vultureweremadeinanyofthesurveyscompletedwithin
theProjectAreainpreviousyearsbeforetheVPsurveys
commencedinMarch2015.Therefore,overthecourseof
over150hoursofobservationwithintheProjectArea,
Hoodedvultureshaveonlybeenseenthreetimes,whichisa
verylowlevelofactivity.
Date 22/09/2015
Ramboll Environ
5th Floor
7 Castle Street
Edinburgh
EH2 3AH
United Kingdom
T +44 131 297 2650
www.ramboll-environ.com
Ref
02346478
Ramboll Environ UK Limited

Registered in England
Company No: 2331163
Registered Office:
Artillery House
11-19 Artillery Row
London
1/3
SW1P 1RT
2/3
Hoodedvulturesnestinlargetrees,suchasbaobabs.Theybuildlarge,conspicuous
nests.NonestswerefoundwithintheProjectAreaandnoneareknowntoexistinthe
surroundingarea.Giventheirconspicuousnature,wewouldexpecttohavebeentold
oftheirpresencebylocalpeopleiftheywerethere.Also,ifanestwaspresent,a
considerablyhigherlevelofflightactivitywouldlikelytohavebeenrecordedduring
thesurveysthanthethreesporadicobservations.
OfthetworecordedVPflightsofhoodedvulture,onewasseenfarbelowpotential
collisionheight(PCH)andtheotherattheboundaryheightbetweenbelowPCHand
PCH(noheightestimationwasmadeforthebirdrecordedduringthebreedingbird
surveys).Eventakingtheworstcasescenario,thiscouldrepresenttwoindividual
flightsatpotentialriskofcollision.Theprocessinvolvedincalculatingcollisionriskfor
aflyingbird,includescalculatingthepotentialthatthebirdfliesatPCHbutisntstruck
byaturbinebladeandalsorequirestheapplicationofanavoidanceratetorepresent
theactionthatbirdswilltaketoavoidtheturbines..Basedonthedatacollectedto
date,thecalculatedcollisionriskwouldbeincrediblysmallandleadtotheconclusion
ofanegligibleimpactthatwouldnotresultinanecologicallysignificanteffect.
AsindicatedintheBiodiversitychapteroftheESISaddendum,hoodedvultureislikely
tobeimminentlyreclassifiedbyBirdLifeInternationalandtheIUCNfromEndangered
toCriticallyEndangered.Thisreclassificationisbecauseoflargerecentpopulation
declinesacrossitsAfricanrange.Thecriticalhabitatassessmenthastakena
precautionaryapproachandisbasedonhoodedvulturebeingaCriticallyEndangered
species.ItisunlikelythattheProjectAreawouldqualifyascriticalhabitatifthe
threatenedstatusofhoodedvultureremainsasEndangered,astheunitofanalysis
(theDiscreteManagementUnit,orDMUinIFCterminology)isunlikelytosupport
morethan1%oftheglobalpopulationor10%oftheNationalSenegalesepopulation
ofthespecies).ForthepurposesoftheassessmenttheDMUforhoodedvultureis
definedbytheregionofThies,inwhichtheProjectissituated.TheregionofThies
coversanareaof6,670km2.Withsuchalowthresholdforcriticalhabitatfor
criticallyendangeredspecies,inorderfortheDMUtobeconsideredtobecritical
habitatforthespecies,itonlyneedstosupportoneregularlyoccurringindividualof
thespecies.So,evenwithjustthreeobservationsoversixmonths,theDMUcanbe
consideredtosupportaregularlyoccurringindividualandisthereforecriticalhabitat.
Thereare,however,anumberofimportantqualificationstoconsideralongsidethe
criticalhabitatassessment.Thecategorisationofcriticalhabitatappliestothewider
areawithinwhichtheProjectArealies(i.e.theDMU),nottotheProjectArea
specifically.TheProjectAreaisdominatedbylowfruittrees,andsupportsfewlarger
trees.Therefore,itdoesnotprovideoptimalhabitatforhoodedvulturetonest.Also,
whilsttherearesomesmallgroupsoflivestockintheProjectArea,therearentlarge
gatheringsoflivestock.Thisisanimportantobservationasvulturesarescavengers
andcarrioneatersandfoodresourceisagoodpredictoroftheirpresence.Itis
possiblethatthesmallrubbishdumpsontheedgeofeachofthesmallvillagesare
attractingthebirds.ElsewhereinthispartofSenegal,Hoodedvulturespresenceis
stronglytiedtothelargerhabitationsandtheassociatedrubbish,withmanyHooded
vulturesseenaboveDakarandaswellasaboveThies.
3/3
Vulturesarelargebirdsthatcantravelgreatdistances.Assuch,webelievethatthe
birdsthathavebeenseenovertheProjectAreaarepassingthroughtheareaaspart
ofalargerhomerange,ratherthanfocussedactivitywithintheProjectArea.Ifthere
wasaspecificreasonforthebirdstovisittheProjectArea,wewouldexpectthemto
havebeenrecordedfarmorefrequently.Also,astherearenoparticularfeaturesfor
thevulturestooccurintheProjectArea.Nodirectadverseimpactsonanysuch
features(e.g.fromhabitatloss)arepredictedasaresultoftheproposedwindfarm.
Althoughnosignificantadverseimpactsarepredictedonhoodedvulturepopulations,
tomeettherequirementsofIFCPS6,theprojectneedstodeliveranetgainforthe
speciesasafeatureconferringcriticalhabitatstatus.Themitigationmeasuressetout
intheBiodiversitychapteroftheESISAddendumaredesignedtodeliversuchanet
gain.ThesewillbedeliveredthroughaProjectBiodiversityActionPlan(seeBAP
frameworkincludedinAnnexEtotheBiodiversitychapteroftheESISAddendum),
underpinnedbyresearch.Anunderstandingofvultureabundanceandbreeding
locationswouldprovideanexcellentbaselineuponwhichtobuild.Anunderstanding
ofthethreatsfacedbythespecieswouldallowanappropriateconservation
programmetobedevelopedtoaidthespecies.
InordertoensurethattheonepossibleattractionforthespecieswithintheProject
Areaisremoved,aspartofthemitigationmeasures,theProjectwillworkwithlocal
villagestodevelopbetterrubbishdisposalprocesses.
Finally,targetedmonitoringofthespecieswillcontinueforatleast15years.Thiswill
allowthemitigationmeasurestobeadaptedifnecessary.

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment For Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm Project Location Senegal

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment For Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm Project Location Senegal

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Initial Project Summary

Project Location: Taiba Ndiaye, Tivaoune, This, Senegal

The ESIA is available in French at the Direction de l'Environnement et des Establissements

Taba Ndiaye Wind Farm

Interim Report REV04

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION AND CONTEX OF THE PROJET ................................................ 21

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................ 31

4 POLITICAL, LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL

DESCRIPTION OF THE BASE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...................... 75

ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTS SENSITIVITY .................................. 160

VARIANTS ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 164

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ................................................ 165

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 175

10 RISK ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 244

Figure 4: Simplified drawing of the tower _______________________________________________________ 35

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The development phase: Impact feasibility studies; in progress

The administrative and contractual phase: Obtaining permits (building permits,

How a wind turbine works

The main components of a wind turbine are (from bottom to top):

Foundations that may exceed 400 cubic meters of reinforced concrete,

Rotor with a horizontal

F The expanded or remote study zone

OVERVIEW OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE HOST ENVIRONMENT

Assessment of the sensitivity of the various components in the projects environment

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECTS ZONE

The overall context is linked to that of the SenegalMauritanian Basin.

An interesting level of diversity in terms of pedologic

The numerous hydrogeological formations are accessed via

COMPATIBILITY WITH THE PROJECT

There are no long-term water supply points at the projects

Groundwater held in Lutetian limestone is exploited via boreholes:

Flooding of basins or low-lying areas.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECTS ZONE

COMPATIBILITY WITH THE PROJECT

Crops are attacked.

Collapsing sand dunes.

The species encountered at the site and in the surrounding

The taxonomic spectrum (the site and the surrounding

No sensitive area has been noted in the immediate zone of influence

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECTS ZONE

COMPATIBILITY WITH THE PROJECT

The fauna encountered at the projects site and in the

The inventory mentions the presence of 25 families split into

The presence of numerous birds from four species fully protected by

The estimated population of the Rural Community (RC) is

The presence of five birds featured in Appendix II (1) (Milvus

Of the 39 villages comprising the RC of Taba Ndiaye, 10

Strong presence of agricultural activities: arboriculture, market

Grazing activities are dominated by semi-intensive grazing.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECTS ZONE

COMPATIBILITY WITH THE PROJECT

The only infrastructures at the site and in its immediate

The presence of overhead and underground lines belonging to

The presence of numerous concessionaries: Senelec, Sonatel and

The projects zone is located in the Sahel-Sahara climatic

The presence of traditional wells (known as canes) in market

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND IMPACTS

Carrying out soil tests in

Priority reuse for

Storage of hazardous liquid

The presence of holding