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TIMEVARYINGFIELDSANDMAXWELLS'SEQUATIONS
SAMPLE CHAPTER
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342
Chap 6
EXERCISE 6.1
MCQ 6.1.1
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below
(Notations have their usual meaning)
List-I
a
Faradays law
Gausss law
Codes :
a
(A) 4
(B)
4
(C) 2
(D) 4
MCQ 6.1.2
List-II
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b
3
1
3
3
c
2
3
1
1
1.
d : D = v
2.
d:B = 0
3.
d # E =2B
2t
4.
d # H = J + 2D
2t
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d
1
2
4
2
MCQ 6.1.3
Let A be magnetic vector potential and E be electric field intensity at certain time
in a time varying EM field. The correct relation between E and A is
(A) E =2A
(B) A =2E
2t
2t
(C) E = 2A
(D) A = 2E
2t
2t
MCQ 6.1.4
A closed surface S defines the boundary line of magnetic medium such that the
field intensity inside it is B . Total outward magnetic flux through the closed
surface will be
(A) B : S
(B) 0
(C) B # S
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.1.5
343
A perfect conducting sphere of radius r is such that its net charge resides on the
surface. At any time t , magnetic field B (r, t) inside the sphere will be
(A) 0
(B) uniform, independent of r
(C) uniform, independent of t
(D) uniform, independent of both r and t
MCQ 6.1.6
The total magnetic flux through a conducting loop having electric field E = 0
inside it will be
(A) 0
(B) constant
(C) varying with time only
(D) varying with time and area of the surface both
MCQ 6.1.7
MCQ 6.1.9
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A cylindrical wire of a large cross section made of super conductor carries a current
I . The current in the superconductor will be confined.
(A) inside the wire
(B) to the axis of cylindrical wire
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If Bi denotes the magnetic flux density increasing with time and Bd denotes the
magnetic flux density decreasing with time then which of the configuration is
correct for the induced current I in the stationary loop ?
A circular loop is rotating about z -axis in a magnetic field B = B 0 cos tay . The
total induced voltage in the loop is caused by
(A) Transformer emf
(B) motion emf.
(C) Combination of (A) and (B)
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344
MCQ 6.1.10
A small conducting loop is released from rest with in a vertical evacuated cylinder
voltage induced in the falling loop is
(Assume earth magnetic field = 106 T at a constant angle of 10c below the
horizontal)
(A) zero
(B) 1 mV
(C) 17.34 mV
MCQ 6.1.11
Chap 6
(D) 9.8 mV
A square loop of side 1 m is located in the plane x = 0 as shown in figure. A nonuniform magnetic flux density through it is given as
B = 4z3 t2 ax ,
The emf induced in the loop at time t = 2 sec will be
MCQ 6.1.12
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(A) 16 volt
(B) 4 volt
(C) 4 volt
(D) 2 volt
(B) 106 wb
(D) 2.0 # 107 wb
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.1.13
345
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If a magnetic field B is present in the space directed along az then which of the
following statement is correct ?
(A) Vab is positive
(B) Vab is negative
(C) Vba is positive
MCQ 6.1.14
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If the area of the loop is 1 m2 than, the voltage drop V1 and V2 across the two
resistances is respectively
(B) 33.3 mV and 66.7 mV
(A) 66.7 mV and 33.3 mV
(C) 50 mV and 100 mV
MCQ 6.1.15
Assertion (A) : A small piece of bar magnet takes several seconds to emerge at
bottom when it is dropped down a vertical aluminum pipe where as an identical
unmagnetized piece takes a fraction of second to reach the bottom.
Reason (R) : When the bar magnet is dropped inside a conducting pipe, force
exerted on the magnet by induced eddy current is in upward direction.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
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346
MCQ 6.1.16
MCQ 6.1.17
A magnetic core of uniform cross section having two coils (Primary and secondary)
wound on it as shown in figure. The no. of turns of primary coil is 5000 and no. of
turns of secondary coil is 3000. If a voltage source of 12 volt is connected across the
primary coil then what will be the voltage across the secondary coil ?
(A) 72 volt
(C) 20 volt
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Self inductance of a long solenoid having n turns per unit length will be proportional
to
(A) n
(B) 1/n
(C) n2
MCQ 6.1.18
Chap 6
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(D) 1/n2
If a constant current is flowing in the solenoid then the induced current flowing in
the loop with resistance R will be
(A) non uniform
(B) constant
(C) zero
MCQ 6.1.19
A long straight wire carries a current I = I 0 cos (t). If the current returns along
a coaxial conducting tube of radius r as shown in figure then magnetic field and
electric field inside the tube will be respectively.
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.1.20
347
Assertion (A) : Two coils are wound around a cylindrical core such that the primary
coil has N1 turns and the secondary coils has N2 turns as shown in figure. If the
same flux passes through every turn of both coils then the ratio of emf induced in
the two coils is
Vemf 2 = N2
Vemf 1
N1
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MCQ 6.1.22
MCQ 6.1.23
(D) /
volume charge density inside the medium is zero then d : E is roughly equal to
(A) E
(B) E
(C) 0
(D) d : E
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348
MCQ 6.1.24
MCQ 6.1.25
In free space, the electric field intensity at any point (r, , ) in spherical coordinate
system is given by
sin cos ^t kr h
a
E =
r
The phasor form of magnetic field intensity in the free space will be
(B) k sin ejkr a
(A) k sin ejkr a
0 r
0 r
(C)
MCQ 6.1.26
Chap 6
k0 jkr
e a
r
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Chap 6
349
EXERCISE 6.2
MCQ 6.2.1
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(D) 0.1 A
MCQ 6.2.2
If the loop is pulled away from the straight wire at a velocity of 5 m/s then the
induced e.m.f. in the loop after 0.6 sec will be
(A) 5 volt
(B) 2.5 volt
(C) 25 volt
(D) 5 mvolt
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350
MCQ 6.2.3
If the loop is pulled downward in the parallel direction to the straight wire, such
that distance between the loop and wire is always 3 m then the induced e.m.f. in
the loop at any time t will be
(A) linearly increasing with t
(B) always 0
(C) linearly decreasing with t
MCQ 6.2.4
An infinitely long straight wire with a closed switch S carries a uniform current
I = 4 A as shown in figure. A square loop of side a = 2 m and resistance R = 4 is
located at a distance 2 m from the wire. Now at any time t = t 0 the switch is open
so the current I drops to zero. What will be the total charge that passes through
a corner of the square loop after t = t 0 ?
(A) 277 nC
(B) 693 nC
(C) 237 nC
MCQ 6.2.5
Chap 6
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(D) 139 nC
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.6
MCQ 6.2.7
351
(D) 2.70
(A) VA = VB
(C) VA = RA
VB RB
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(B) VA = VB
(D) VA = RA
VB
RB
MCQ 6.2.8
If a uniform magnetic field B = 2 Tesla pointing out of the page fills entire region
then the current I flowing in the bar will be
(B) 40 A
(A) 0 A
(C) 4 A
(D) 4 A
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352
MCQ 6.2.9
Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.10
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In a non uniform magnetic field B = 8x2 az Tesla , two parallel rails with a separation
of 20 cm and connected with a voltmeter at its one end is located in x -y plane
as shown in figure. The Position of the bar which is sliding on the rails is given as
x = t ^1 + 0.4t2h
MCQ 6.2.11
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.12
MCQ 6.2.13
A rectangular loop of self inductance L is placed near a very long wire carrying
current i1 as shown in figure (a). If i1 be the rectangular pulse of current as shown
in figure (b) then the plot of the induced current i2 in the loop versus time t will
be (assume the time constant of the loop, & L/R )
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MCQ 6.2.14
353
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Two parallel conducting rails is placed in a varying magnetic field B = 0.2 cos tax
. A conducting bar oscillates on the rails such that its position is given by
y = 0.5 ^1 cos t h m
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354
Chap 6
If one end of the rails are terminated in a resistance R = 5 , then the current i
flowing in the rails will be
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MCQ 6.2.17
A current filament located on the x -axis in free space with in the interval
0.1 < x < 0.1 m carries current I (t) = 8t A in ax direction. If the retarded vector
potential at point P (0, 0, 2) be A (t) then the plot of A (t) versus time will be
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.18
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MCQ 6.2.19
355
(D) 30 rad/m
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356
MCQ 6.2.20
(C) az
MCQ 6.2.21
MCQ 6.2.22
(D) ay + az ax
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What will be the circulation of the induced electric field around the loop ?
16
(B) 8
(A)
x
x ^x + 2h
x ^x + 2h
8
(C)
(D)
16
x ^x + 2h
MCQ 6.2.23
(C) 2 cos ta
MCQ 6.2.24
Chap 6
(D)
1 a
2 sin t
(A) 0
(B) 17 cos t
18
(C) 4 cos t
9
(D) 17 cos t
4
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.25
(D) 9 cos t a
(C) 9 cos ta
MCQ 6.2.26
In a certain region a test charge is moving with an angular velocity 2 rad/ sec along
a circular path of radius 2 m centred at origin in the x -y plane. If the magnetic flux
density in the region isB = 2az Wb/m2 then the electric field viewed by an observer
moving with the test charge is
(B) 4a V/m
(A) 8a V/m
(D) 8a V/m
(C) 0
MCQ 6.2.27
MCQ 6.2.28
357
A 8 A current is flowing along a straight wire from a point charge situated at the
origin to infinity and passing through the point ^2, 2, 2h. The circulation of the
magnetic field intensity around the closed path formed by the triangle having the
vertices ^2, 0, 0h, ^0, 2, 0h and ^0, 0, 2h is equal to
(B) 3 A
(A) 7 A
8
(C) 7 A
(D) 1 A
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Magnetic flux density, B = 0.1t az Tesla threads only the loop abcd lying in the
plane xy as shown in the figure.
Consider the three voltmeters V1 , V2 and V3 , connected across the resistance in the
same xy plane. If the area of the loop abcd is 1 m2 then the voltmeter readings are
V1
V2
V3
(A) 66.7 mV
33.3 mV
66.7 mV
(B) 33.3 mV
66.7 mV
33.3 mV
(C) 66.7 mV
66.7 mV
33.3 mV
(D) 33.3 mV
66.7 mV
66.7 mV
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358
Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.29
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MCQ 6.2.31
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If the angular velocity, = 2 rad/ sec then the induced e.m.f. in the loop will be
(A) 2 sin V/m
(B) 2 cos V/m
(D) 4B 0 S
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.2.32
359
MCQ 6.2.33
MCQ 6.2.34
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360
Chap 6
EXERCISE 6.3
MCQ 6.3.1
GATE 2009
MCQ 6.3.2
GATE 2008
MCQ 6.3.3
GATE 2007
MCQ 6.3.4
GATE 2003
MCQ 6.3.5
GATE 1998
y
A magnetic field in air is measured to be B = B 0 c 2 x 2 ay 2
ax What
x +y
x + y2 m
current distribution leads to this field ?
[Hint : The algebra is trivial in cylindrical coordinates.]
(A) J = B 0 z c 2 1 2 m, r ! 0
(B) J = B 0 z c 2 2 2 m, r ! 0
0 x + y
0 x + y
(C) J = 0, r ! 0
(D) J = B 0 z c 2 1 2 m, r ! 0
0 x + y
For static electric and magnetic fields in an inhomogeneous source-free medium,
which of the following represents the correct form of Maxwells equations ?
(A) d : E = 0 , d # B = 0
(B) d : E = 0 , d : B = 0
(C) d # E = 0 , d # B = 0
(D) d # E = 0 , d : B = 0
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(B) Ampere/meter
(C) Ampere/meter 2
(D) Ampere-meter
MCQ 6.3.6
GATE 1998
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.3.7
IES EC 2012
MCQ 6.3.8
IES EC 2011
IES EC 2011
IES EC 2011
(D) 9 Wb/s2
Assuming that each loop is stationary and time varying magnetic field B , induces
current I , which of the configurations in the figures are correct ?
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MCQ 6.3.10
MCQ 6.3.9
361
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(A) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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362
MCQ 6.3.11
IES EC 2009
Who developed the concept of time varying electric field producing a magnetic field
?
(A) Gauss
(B) Faraday
(C) Hertz
MCQ 6.3.12
IES EC 2009
(D) Maxwell
A single turn loop is situated in air, with a uniform magnetic field normal to
its plane. The area of the loop is 5 m2 and the rate of charge of flux density is
2 Wb/m2 /s . What is the emf appearing at the terminals of the loop ?
(A) 5 V
(B) 2 V
(C) 0.4 V
MCQ 6.3.13
IES EC 2009
MCQ 6.3.14
IES EC 2009
Chap 6
(D) 10 V
Which of the following equations results from the circuital form of Amperes law ?
(A) d # E =2B
(B) d : B = 0
2t
(C) d : D =
(D) d # H = J + 2D
2t
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(A) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false
Two conducting thin coils X and Y (identical except for a thin cut in coil Y
) are placed in a uniform magnetic field which is decreasing at a constant rate.
If the plane of the coils is perpendicular to the field lines, which of the following
statement is correct ? As a result, emf is induced in
(A) both the coils
(B) coil Y only
(C) coil X only
(D) none of the two coils
MCQ 6.3.16
IES EC 2006
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.3.17
IES EC 2006
Match List I (Electromagnetic Law) with List II (Different Form) and select the
correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List-I
IES EC 2004
List-II
a.
Amperes law
1.
4: D = v
b.
Faradays law
2.
4: J =2h
2t
c.
Gauss law
3.
4# H = J + 2D
2t
d.
Current
4.
4# E =2B
2t
Codes :
a
(A) 1
(B)
3
(C) 1
(D) 3
MCQ 6.3.18
363
b
2
4
4
2
c
3
1
3
1
d
4
2
2
4
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Two metal rings 1 and 2 are placed in a uniform magnetic field which is decreasing
with time with their planes perpendicular to the field. If the rings are identical
except that ring 2 has a thin air gap in it, which one of the following statements
is correct ?
(A) No e.m.f is induced in ring 1
(B) An e.m.f is induced in both the rings
(C) Equal Joule heating occurs in both the rings
(D) Joule heating does not occur in either ring.
MCQ 6.3.19
IES EC 2003
Which one of the following Maxwells equations gives the basic idea of radiation ?
d # H = 2D/2t
4
d # E = 2B/2t
d:D =
3
(C)
d:D = 0
(A)
MCQ 6.3.20
IES EC 2001
(B)
(D)
d # E = 2B/2t
4
d : D = 2B/2t
d:B =
4
d # H = ^2D/2t h
(B) d # E = 2H
2t
(C) d : D =
(D) d : B = 0
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364
MCQ 6.3.21
IES EC 2001
Chap 6
Match List I (Maxwell equation) with List II (Description) and select the correct
answer :
List I
a.
b.
# B : dS = 0
# D : dS = #v v dv
c.
B $ dS
# E : dl = # 2
2t
d.
J)
: dS
# H : dl = # 2(D2+
t
List II
1.
The mmf around a closed path is equal to the conduction current plus the
time derivative of the electric displacement current through any surface
bounded by the path.
2.
The emf around a closed path is equal to the time derivative is equal to the
time derivative of the magnetic displacement through any surface bounded
by the path.
3.
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4. The net magnetic flux emerging through any closed surface is zero.
Codes :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MCQ 6.3.22
IES EE 2012
a
1
4
4
1
b
3
3
2
2
c
2
2
3
3
d
4
1
1
4
MCQ 6.3.23
IES EE 2009
(D) d # H = D
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Chap 6
MCQ 6.3.24
IES EE 2009
Magnetic field intensity is H = 3ax + 7yay + 2xaz A/m. What is the current density
J A/m2 ?
(A) 2ay
(B) 7az
(C) 3ax
MCQ 6.3.25
IES EE 2009
(D) 12ay
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(B) 1, 2 + 2 and 2
(C) 2, 1 2 and 2
(D) 1 2 and 1 + 2
MCQ 6.3.26
IES EE 2009
(B) F = Q ^E + v # B h
MCQ 6.3.27
IES EE 2008
365
(C)
D : dS
#c H : dl = #s J : dS + #s 2
2t
(D)
#S B : dS = 0
(D) 1 and 3
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366
MCQ 6.3.28
IES EE 2007
Chap 6
A straight current carrying conductor and two conducting loops A and B are shown
in the figure given below. What are the induced current in the two loops ?
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Which one of the following equations is not Maxwells equation for a static
electromagnetic field in a linear homogeneous medium ?
(A) d : B = 0
(C)
MCQ 6.3.30
IES EE 2006
#c B : dl = 0 I
(B) d # D = 0v
(D) d2 A = 0 J
MCQ 6.3.31
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
IES EE 2004
List I
List II
Continuity equation
1. d H = J + 2D
#
2t
Amperes law
2.
Displacement current
3. d E =2B
#
2t
Faradays law
4.
J = 2D
2t
2
d # J = v
2t
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Chap 6
Codes :
a
(A) 4
(B)
4
(C) 2
(D) 2
MCQ 6.3.32
IES EE 2004
b
3
1
3
1
c
2
2
4
4
367
d
1
3
1
3
Match List I (Type of field denoted by A) with List II (Behaviour) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below :
List I
a
List II
1. d : A = 0
d#A ! 0
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2. d : A ! 0
d#A = 0
3. d : A ! 0
d#A ! 0
4. d : A = 0
d#A = 0
Codes :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MCQ 6.3.33
IES EE 2003
a
4
4
2
2
b
2
2
4
4
c
3
1
3
1
d
1
3
1
3
# D : ds = #v dv
V =
dm
dt
#l : dl = #s (d # ) : ds
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368
MCQ 6.3.35
IES EE 2002
The magnetic flux through each turn of a 100 turn coil is (t3 2t) milli-Webers
where t is in seconds. The induced e.m.f at t = 2 s is
(A) 1 V
(B) 1 V
(D) 0.4 V
(C) 0.4 V
MCQ 6.3.36
IES EE 2002
Chap 6
Two conducting coils 1 and 2 (identical except that 2 is split) are placed in a
uniform magnetic field which decreases at a constant rate as in the figure. If the
planes of the coils are perpendicular to the field lines, the following statements are
made :
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2.
3.
4.
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For linear isotropic materials, both E and H have the time dependence e jt and
regions of interest are free of charge. The value of d # H is given by
(A) E
(B) jE
(C) E + jE
MCQ 6.3.38
IES EE 2002
(D) 2 only
(D) E jE
(D) 1 and 4
Assertion (A) : The relationship between Magnetic Vector potential A and the
current density J in free space is
d # (d # A) = 0 J
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA
ISBN: 9788192348384
MCQ 6.3.39
IES EE 2001
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Chap 6
369
Given that d # H = J + 2D
2t
Assertion (A) : In the equation, the additional term 2D is necessary.
2t
Reason (R) : The equation will be consistent with the principle of conservation of
charge.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
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(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
MCQ 6.3.41
IES EE 2001
Consider coils C1, C2, C 3 and C 4 (shown in the given figures) which are placed in the
time-varying electric field E (t) and electric field produced by the coils C l2, C l3 and
C l4 carrying time varying current I (t) respectively :
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
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370
(C) C1 and C 3
MCQ 6.3.42
IES EE 2001
Chap 6
(D) C2 and C 4
MCQ 6.3.43
IES EE 2001
Match List I (Law/quantity) with List II (Mathematical expression) and select the
correct answer :
List I
a.
List II
1. d : D =
Gausss law
c.
r
e
t
p
ha
2. d E =2B
#
2t
b. Amperes law
Faradays law
3.
P = E#H
F = q ^E + v # B h
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
d. Poynting vector
4.
5. d H = J + 2D
#
c
2t
Codes :
a
(A) 1
(B)
3
(C) 1
(D) 3
b
2
5
5
2
c
4
2
2
4
d
3
1
3
1
***********
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Chap 6
371
SOLUTIONS 6.1
SOL 6.1.1
SOL 6.1.2
i.e.
H : dl = Ienc
So, for the constant current, magnetic field intensity will be constant i.e.
magnetostatic field is caused by steady currents.
SOL 6.1.3
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.1.4
r
e
t
p
ha
# B : dS
S
From Maxwells equation it is known that curl of magnetic flux density is zero
d:B = 0
# B : dS
S
# (d : B) dv = 0
(Stokes Theorem)
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372
Chap 6
SOL 6.1.7
r
e
t
p
ha
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.1.8
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Chap 6
373
SOL 6.1.9
SOL 6.1.10
SOL 6.1.11
r
e
t
p
a
h
# #
#
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
=
B : dS =
y=0 z=0
(dS = (dydz) ax )
d
where d is width of the strip of loop at a distance from the straight wire. Thus,
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374
Chap 6
0 (5)
0 I d
0 I
3
b 2 l = 2 ln b 2 l = 2 ln (1.5)
2
= (2 # 107) (5) ln (1.5) = 4.05 # 107 Wb
SOL 6.1.13
# E : dl
a
Thus, the positive terminal of voltage will be a and Vab will be positive.
SOL 6.1.14
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.1.15
r
e
t
p
ha
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Chap 6
375
Thus, for all we can say that the force exerted by the eddy current (induced current
according to Lenzs law) on the magnet is in upward direction which causes the
delay to reach the bottom. Whereas in the cases of unmagnetized bar no induced
current is formed. So it reaches in fraction of time.
Thus, A and R both true and R is correct explanation of A.
SOL 6.1.16
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
V1 = N1 d
dt
where is total magnetic flux passing through it.
Again
V2 = N2 d
dt
Since both the coil are in same magnetic field so, change in flux will be same for
both the coil.
Comparing the equations (1) and (2) we get
V1 = N1
V2
N2
V2 = V1 2 = (12) 3000 = 7.2 volt
5000
N1
Voltage,
SOL 6.1.17
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376
Chap 6
L = 0 n2 I2 l
and as for a given solenoid, radius r and length l is constant therefore
L \ n2
SOL 6.1.18
# B : dS
= (0 nI) (a2)
where
a " radius of solenoid
Induced emf in a loop placed in a magnetic field is defined as
Vemf = d
dt
where is the total magnetic flux passing through the loop. Since the resistance R
is looped over the solenoid so total flux through the loop will be equal to the total
flux through the solenoid and therefore the induced emf in the loop of resistance
will be
Vemf = a2 0 n dI
dt
Since current I flowing in the solenoid is constant so, the induced emf is
Vemf = 0
and therefore the induced current in the loop will be zero.
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
SOL 6.1.19
SOL 6.1.20
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Chap 6
377
Now, in Reason (R) : a primitive transformer is similar to the cylinder core carrying
wound coils. It is the device in which by choosing the appropriate no. of turns, any
desired secondary emf can be obtained.
So, both the statements are correct but R is not the explanation of A.
SOL 6.1.21
SOL 6.1.22
Jd
r
e
t
p
ha
C
e
l
p
m
a
#
S
D =
=
Jd dt + C
(C " constant)
# 20 cos ^1.5 # 10 t ha dt + C
8
As there is no D.C. field present in the medium so, we get C = 0 and thus,
20 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h
D =
ay = 1.33 # 107 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay
8
1.5 # 10
= 133.3 sin ^1.5 # 108 t h ay nC/m2
SOL 6.1.23
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378
and since
Therefore,
SOL 6.1.24
SOL 6.1.25
SOL 6.1.26
d . 0 &4 . 0
d:E . 0
Chap 6
(given)
Conduction current
where is the angular frequency of the current in the medium.
Given frequency, f = 50 GHz
Permittivity,
= 40 = 4 # 8.85 # 1012
Conductivity,
= 1.14 # 108 s/m
So,
= 2f = 2 # 50 # 109 = 100 # 109
Therefore, the ratio of magnitudes of displacement current to the conduction
current is
Id = 100 # 109 # 4 # 8.85 # 1012 = 9.75 108
#
Ic
1.14 # 108
r
e
t
p
ha
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
***********
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Chap 6
379
SOLUTIONS 6.2
SOL 6.2.1
# B : dS
r
e
t
p
ha
= Blx
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.2.2
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380
Chap 6
# B : dS
I
1 (ad)
=
2 #
+a
0 Ia
+a
ln b
2
l
The induced emf due to the change in flux (when pulled away) is given as
Ia
+a
Vemf = d = 0 d ;ln b
lE
2 dt
dt
d 1 d
Ia
Therefore,
Vemf = 0 c 1
2 + a dt dt m
d
Given
= velocity of loop = 5 m/s
dt
and since the loop is currently located at 3 m distance from the straight wire, so
after 0.6 sec it will be at
(v " velocity of the loop )
= 3 + (0.6) # v
= 3 + 0.6 # 5 = 6 m
=
So,
SOL 6.2.3
SOL 6.2.4
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
0 # (30) # 2 1
1
: 8 (5) 6 (5)D
2
= 25 # 107 volt = 2.5 volt
Vemf =
(a = 2 m, I = 30 A )
=2
Ia 4 d
I2
I
= 0
= 0 ln 2 = 0 ln (2)
2 2
2
The current flowing in the loop is Iloop and induced e.m.f. is Vemf .
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Chap 6
381
Vemf = Iloop R = d
dt
0
dQ
(R) = ln (2) dI
dt
dt
where Q is the total charge passing through a corner of square loop.
dQ
(R = 4 )
= 0 ln (2) dI
4
dt
dt
dQ = 0 ln (2) dI
4
Therefore the total charge passing through a corner of square loop is
0
Q = 0 ln (2) dI = 0 ln (2) (0 4)
4
4
4
7
= 4 # 4 # 10 ln (2) = 2.77 # 107 C = 277 nC
4
Option (C) is correct.
Since the radius of small circular loop is negligible in comparison to the radius of
the large loop. So, the flux density through the small loop will be constant and
equal to the flux on the axis of the loops.
I
R2
So,
B = 0
a
2 ^z2 + R2h3/2 z
So,
SOL 6.2.5
C
e
l
p
m
a
S #
r
e
t
p
ha
az
B = 0# #
a =
2
2 3/2 z
2
^13h3
6^12h + ^5h @
Therefore, the total flux passing through the small loop is
250
2
wherer is radius of small circular loop.
= B : dS =
# r
^13h3
107
3 2
= 25 # 4 #
# ^10 h = 44.9 fWb
3
13
^ h
where
SOL 6.2.6
V cos 2ft
=V = 0
d
d
(V = V0 cos 2ft)
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382
Chap 6
Jc = V0
d
and displacement current density in the medium is given as
V cos (2ft)
Jd = 2D = 2E = 2 ; 0
(V = V0 cos 2ft)
E
d
2t
2t
2t
= V0 6 2ft sin (2ft)@
d
2f V0
or,
Jd =
d
Therefore, the ratio of amplitudes of conduction current and displacement current
in the medium is
Ic
JC
(V0) / (d)
=
=
= 1
2f
Id
Jd
(d) / (2fV0)
1
=
2 # (1.6 # 108) # (54 # 8.85 # 1012) # 0.77
= 2.7
or,
r
e
t
p
ha
SOL 6.2.7
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
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Chap 6
SOL 6.2.8
383
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
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384
Chap 6
i.e. The force exerted on the sliding bar is in opposite direction to the motion of
the sliding bar.
SOL 6.2.10
# B : dS
S
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.2.12
r
e
t
p
ha
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Chap 6
385
0.12 = t ^1 + 0.4t2h
or,
t = 0.1193 sec
As calculated in previous question, the induced emf in the loop at a particular time
t is
Vemf =^1.6h6t + 0.4t3@2 ^1 + 1.2t2h
So, at t = 0.1193 sec ,
2
Vemf = 1.6 7(0.1193) + 0.4 ^0.1193h3A 61 + ^1.2h^0.1193h2@
= 0.02344 = 23.4 mV
Since the voltmeter is connected in same manner as the direction of induced emf
as determined by Lenzs law. Therefore, the voltmeter reading at x = 12 cm will be
V = Vemf = 23.4 mvolt
SOL 6.2.13
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
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386
SOL 6.2.14
Chap 6
# B : dS
S
r
e
t
p
ha
(y = 0.5 ^1 cos t h m )
= 0.1 61 0.5 ^1 cos t h@ cos t
= 0.05 cos t ^1 + cos t h = 0.05 ^cos t + cos2 t h
So, the induced emf in the loop is
Vemf = d
dt
and as determined by Lenzs law, the induced current will be flowing in opposite
direction to the current i . So the current i in the loop will be
i =Vemf = 1 b d l
R
R
dt
= 0.05 6 sin t 2 cos t sin t@
5
= 0.01 sin t ^1 + 2 cos t h
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.2.15
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Chap 6
387
# 3 # 10 cos ^3 # 10 t 0.2x ha
3
3
= 3 # 108 sin ^3 # 108 t 0.2x h ay
3 # 10
= 105 sin ^3 # 108 t 0.2x h ay Tesla
Therefore the magnetic field intensity in the medium is
H =B= B
r 0
5
10 sin ^3 # 108 t 0.2x h
=
2 # 4 # 107
Thus
H = 4 sin ^3 # 108 t 0.2x h ay A/m
SOL 6.2.16
r = 2
r
e
t
p
ha
C
e
l
#
p
m
a
S
D =
b sin ^1010 t bx h dt + C
where C is a constant.
Since no D.C. field is present in the medium so, we get C = 0 and therefore,
D = b10 cos ^1010 t bx h ay C/m2
10
and the electric field intensity in the medium is given as
b
E =D =
cos ^1010t bx h ay ( = 0.12 nF/m )
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388
Chap 6
(2)
r
e
t
p
ha
The magnetic vector potential for a direct current flowing in a filament is given as
0 I
a dx
A=
4 R x
Here current I (t) flowing in the filament shown in figure is varying with time as
I (t) = 8t A
So, the retarded vector potential at the point P will be given as
0 I ^t R/c h
ax dx
A=
4 R
where R is the distance of any point on the filamentary current from P as shown
in the figure and c is the velocity of waves in free space. So, we have
R = x2 + 4 and c = 3 # 108 m/s
0.1
0 8 ^t R/c h
Therefore,
ax dx
A=
4 R
x = 0.1
0.1
0.1
8
t
1 dx
dx
= 0<
F
2
4 0.1 x + 4
0.1 c
C
e
l
p
#
m
Sa
#
= 8 # 107 t 8ln ^x +
x2 + 4 hB0.1 8 # 10 8 6x @0.01.1
3 # 10
= 8 # 107 t ln e 0.1 + 4.01 o 0.53 # 1015
0.1 + 4.01
8
= 8 # 10 t 0.53 # 1015
or,
(1)
A = ^80t 5.3 # 107h ax nWb/m
9
So, when A = 0
t = 6.6 # 10 = 6.6 n sec
and when t = 0
A = 5.3 # 107 nWb/m
From equation (1) it is clear that A will be linearly increasing with respect to time.
Therefore the plot of A versus t is
0.1
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Chap 6
389
V = y ^x ct h volt
and retarded vector potential, A = y a x t k ax Wb/m
c
Now the magnetic flux density in the medium is given as
B = d#A
r
e
t
p
ha
2A
(1)
= y az = at x k az Tesla
c
2y
So, the magnetic field intensity in the medium is
( 0 is the permittivity of the medium)
H =B
0
(2)
= 1 at x k az A/m
0
c
and the electric field intensity in the medium is given as
E = dV 2A
2t
(3)
=^x ct h ay yax + yax = ^ct x h ay
So, the electric flux density in the medium is
( 0 is the permittivity of the medium)
D = 0 E
2
(4)
= 0 ^ct x h ay C/m
Now we determine the condition for the field to satisfy all the four Maxwells
equation.
(i)
d : D = v
or,
(from equation (4))
v = d : 60 ^ct x h ay@
=0
It means the field satisfies Maxwells equation if v = 0 .
(ii)
d:B = 0
Now,
(from equation (1))
d : B = d : 9at x k azC = 0
c
So, it already, satisfies Maxwells equation
(iii)
d # H = J + 2D
2t
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
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390
Chap 6
0 a
(from equation (2))
d # H =2Hz ay = 1 ay =
0 c
0 y
2x
and from equation (4) we have
0 a
2D = ca =
(Since in free space c = 1 )
0
y
y
2t
0
0 0
Putting the two results in Maxwells equation, we get the condition
J =0
(iv)
d # E =2B
2t
2Ey
Now
a = az
d#E =
2x z
2B = a
z
2t
So, it already satisfies Maxwells equation. Thus, by combining all the results
we get the two required conditions as J = 0 and v = 0 for the field to satisfy
Maxwells equation.
Now,
SOL 6.2.19
r
e
t
p
ha
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
b2 + 1002 = ^6 # 109h2 #
1
2
3
^ # 108h
9
b = 6 # 10 ,
b2 + 1002 = 4002
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA
ISBN: 9788192348384
0 0 = 1 l
c
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Chap 6
391
b2 = 3002
b = ! 300 rad/m
SOL 6.2.20
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.2.21
r
e
t
p
ha
SOL 6.2.22
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392
# B : dS
x+2
y+2
Chap 6
2
b x az l : ^ dxdyaz h
= b 2 ln x + 2 l^2 h = 4 ln b x + 2 l
x
x
Therefore, the circulation of induced electric field in the loop is
E : dl = d = d ;4 ln b x + 2 lE
x
dt
dt
C
d x+2
= 4
x + 2 dt b x l
b x l
= 4x b 22 dx l
x + 2 x dt
8
=
^2 h = 16
x ^x + 2h
x ^x + 2h
SOL 6.2.23
dx
b dt = v = 2ax l
r
e
t
p
ha
# B : dS = 0
So, the induced electric field circulation for the region < 4 m is given as
E : dl = d = 0
dt
C
or,
for < 4 m
E =0
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
#
SOL 6.2.24
At any distance from origin in the region 4 < < 5 m , the circulation of induced
electric field is given as
E : dl = d = d b B : dS l
dt
dt
C
= d 82 sin t ^2 42hB
dt
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Chap 6
393
= 2 cos t ^2 16h
E ^2h = 2 cos t ^2 16h
2 ^2 16h cos t
E =
2
So, the induced electric field intensity at = 4.5 m is
E = 2 (^4.5) 2 16h cos t
4.5
= 17 cos t
18
or,
SOL 6.2.25
# B : dS = # B : dS + # B : dS
= 0 + # ^2 sin t h a : dS
r
e
t
p
ha
0
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
#
SOL 6.2.26
SOL 6.2.27
= 9 cos ta
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394
Chap 6
As the current I flows away from the point charge along the wire, the net charge
at origin will change with increasing time and given as
dQ
= I
dt
So the electric field intensity will also vary through the surface and for the varying
field circulation of magnetic field intensity around the triangular loop is defined as
r
e
t
p
ha
= 6Id@enc + 6Ic@enc
where 6Ic@enc is the actual flow of charge called enclosed conduction current and
6Id@enc is the current due to the varying field called enclosed displacement current
which is given as
d
d D : dS
(1)
^0 E h : dS = dt
6Id@enc = dt
S
S
From symmetry the total electric flux passing through the triangular surface is
Q
D : dS =
8
S
d Q = 1 dQ = I
So,
(from equation (1))
6Id@enc = dt
b 8 l 8 dt
8
Where as
6Ic@enc = I
So, the net circulation of the magnetic field intensity around the closed triangular
loop is
# H : dl
C
e
l
p
#
m
Sa #
# H : dl
C
SOL 6.2.28
= 6Id@enc + 6Ic@enc
= I + I = 7 ^8 h = 7 A
8
8
(I = 8 A )
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Chap 6
395
both V2 and V1 . It must be kept in mind that the loop formed by voltmeter V3 and
resistance 2 also carries the magnetic flux density crossing through it. So, in this
loop the induced emf will be produced which will be same as the field produced in
loop abcd at the enclosed fluxes will be same.
Therefore as calculated above induced emf in the loop of V3 is
Vemf = 100 mV
According to lenzs law its polarity will be opposite to V3 and so
Vemf = V1 + V3
or,
V3 = 100 33.3 = 66.7 mV
SOL 6.2.29
# B : dS
r
e
t
p
ha
= ^B h^S h cos
= ^5 # 103h^20 # 103 # 20 # 103h cos
= 2 # 106 cos
Therefore the induced emf in the loop is
Vemf = d = 2 # 106 d ^cos h = 2 # 106 sin d
dt
dt
dt
d = angular velocity = 2 rad/ sec
and as
dt
So,
Vemf = ^2 # 106h sin ^2 h = 4 # 106 sin V/m = 4 sin V/m
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.2.30
SOL 6.2.31
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396
= B 0 S d 6sin t cos t@
dt
= B 0 S cos 2t
Thus, the maximum value of induced emf is
Vemf = B 0 S
SOL 6.2.32
Chap 6
( = t )
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
SOL 6.2.33
SOL 6.2.34
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Chap 6
397
SOLUTIONS 6.3
SOL 6.3.1
SOL 6.3.2
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
d:E = v
d # E =2B
2t
2
D
+J
d#H =
2t
So, for static electric magnetic fields
d:B = 0
d : E = v /
d#E = 0
d#H = J
SOL 6.3.3
2B
b 2t = 0 l
2D
b 2t = 0 l
##S ^d # H h : dS
##S `J + 22Dt j : dS
Maxwell Equations
Integral form
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398
# H : dl
D : dS
##S bJ +2
2t l
Chap 6
Stokes Theorem
SOL 6.3.4
SOL 6.3.5
#l H $ dl
or,
#S J : dS
SOL 6.3.6
SOL 6.3.7
SOL 6.3.8
r
e
t
p
ha
d#H = J
Then, it is modified using continuity equation as
d # H = J + 2D
2t
Option (D) is correct.
When a moving circuit is put in a time varying magnetic field induced emf have
two components. One due to time variation of magnetic flux density B and other
due to the motion of circuit in the field.
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
SOL 6.3.9
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Chap 6
399
Now, in figure (1), B directed upwarded increases with time where as the field
produced by current I is downward so, it obeys the Lenzs law.
In figure (2), B directed upward is decreasing with time whereas the field produced
by current I is downwards (i.e. additive to the change in B ) so, it doesnt obey
Lenzs law.
In figure (3), B directed upward is decreasing with time where as current I produces
the field directed upwards (i.e. opposite to the change in B ) So, it also obeys Lenzs
law.
In figure (4), B directed upward is increasing with time whereas current I produces
field directed upward (i.e. additive to the change in B ) So, it doesnt obey Lenzs
law.
Thus, the configuration 1 and 3 are correct.
SOL 6.3.10
C
e
l
p
m
a
S
r
e
t
p
ha
SOL 6.3.11
SOL 6.3.12
SOL 6.3.13
# H : dl
# ^d # H h : dS
= Ienc
=
# JdS
d#H = J
GATE CLOUD Electromagnetics
Author: R K Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Edition: 1st
Publisher: JHUNJHUNUWALA
ISBN: 9788192348384
www.nodia.co.in
400
Chap 6
SOL 6.3.14
SOL 6.3.15
SOL 6.3.16
SOL 6.3.17
d # H = J + 2D
^a " 3h
2t
Faraday law
d # E = 2B
^b " 4h
2t
Gauss law
d : D = v
^c " 1h
2
Current continuity d : J =
^d " 2h
2t
Option (B) is correct.
Since, the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the ring is decreasing with
time so, according to Faradays law emf induced in both the ring is
Vemf = 2 B : dS
2t
Therefore, emf will be induced in both the rings.
Amperes law
SOL 6.3.18
SOL 6.3.19
SOL 6.3.20
SOL 6.3.21
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d:D =
d:B = 0
a.
B : dS = 0
The surface integral of magnetic flux density over the closed surface is zero or in
other words, net outward magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero. ^a " 4h
b.
# D : dS
# dv
v
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Chap 6
401
Total outward electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed
in the region.
^b " 3h
c.
E : dl = 2B dS
2t
i.e. The line integral of the electric field intensity around a closed path is equal to
the surface integral of the time derivative of magnetic flux density
^c " 2h
2
D
d.
H : dS = b
+ J l da
2t
i.e. The line integral of magnetic field intensity around a closed path is equal to the
surface integral of sum of the current density and time derivative of electric flux
density.
^d " 1h
SOL 6.3.22
SOL 6.3.23
SOL 6.3.24
SOL 6.3.25
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SOL 6.3.26
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402
Chap 6
SOL 6.3.27
SOL 6.3.28
SOL 6.3.29
SOL 6.3.30
d2 V = v
where, V is the electric potential at the point and v is the volume charge density
in the region. So, for v = 0 we get,
d2 V = 0
Which is Laplacian equation.
SOL 6.3.31
SOL 6.3.32
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2
Continuity equation d # J = v
^a " 4h
2t
Amperes law
d # H = J + 2D
^b " 1h
2t
Displacement current
J = 2D
^c " 2h
2t
Faraday law
d # E =2B
^d " 3h
2t
Option (B) is correct.
A static electric field in a charge free region is defined as
d:E = 0
^a " 4h
and
d#E = 0
A static electric field in a charged region have
d:E = v ! 0
^b " 2h
and
d#E = 0
A steady magnetic field in a current carrying conductor have
d:B = 0
^c " 1h
d # B = 0 J ! 0
A time varying electric field in a charged medium with time varying magnetic field
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Chap 6
403
have
SOL 6.3.33
SOL 6.3.34
d # E =2B ! 0
^d " 3h
2t
d:E = v ! 0
# ^d # E h : dS
# E : dl
(1)
SOL 6.3.35
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SOL 6.3.36
SOL 6.3.37
SOL 6.3.38
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Chap 6
SOL 6.3.39
SOL 6.3.40
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SOL 6.3.41
SOL 6.3.42
SOL 6.3.43
d # H = Jc + 2D
2t
2
B
d # E =
2t
P = E#H
***********
^a " 1h
^b " 5h
^c " 2h
^d " 3h