12/7/2015

TheeffectofflooringtypeandsocialgroupingontherestandgrowthofdairycalvesAppliedAnimalBehaviourScience

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June2005 Volume91,Issues34,Pages193204

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Theeffectofflooringtypeandsocialgroupingontherest
andgrowthofdairycalves
L.Hnninen

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,A.M.dePassill,J.Rushen

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DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.10.003

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Abstract
Westudiedtheeffectofsoftnessofflooringandthepresenceofacompanioncalfoncalvesgrowthandrest
byhousing1weekoldcalvesfor20weeksinoneofthethreehousingtreatments:housedinpairs(n=12
pairs)inconcretefloordoublepens(2.1m1.8m)(PAIR),individuallyhoused(n=12)inconcretefloor
(CONCRETE)pens(1.05m1.8m)andindividuallyhoused(n=12)inidenticalpens,butwithsoftrubber
mats(RUBBERMAT).Thecalveswerefilmedcontinuouslyfor24hperiodsat2,4,6,7,11,14,and21
weeksofage.Theiractivitywasscoredfortotaldailyduration,frequencyofboutsandmeandurationof
boutsoftotalresting,restingonthesideorrestingonthesternum.Theeffectoftimeofdaywasexaminedat
4,7,14,and21weeksofage.Housinghadnoeffectonthemeandailygrowthbutthemeandailygainwas
significantlyandpositivelycorrelatedwiththetotaltimespentrestingoverthewhole20weekperiod.Asthe
calvesgrewolder,thedailytimespentrestingremainedfairlyconstant,buttheproportionsoftimerestingon
thesidedecreased.However,2weekoldcalveswereneverseentolieontheirsides.Thetimespent
restingaroundfeedingtimesdecreasedaftersolidfeedingwasintroduced.Thetypeofhousinghadlittle
effectuponrestingbehaviour.Thedailydurationandboutfrequencyofrestingonthesidewerehigherfor
PAIRcalvesthanCONCRETEbutnootherdifferenceswerenoted.NodifferencesbetweenCONCRETE
andRUBBERMATcalveswereseen.Adequaterestappearsimportantforthegrowthofcalvesasthe
longerthecalvesrestedthebettertheygrew.Thesoftnessofthefloorhadlittleeffectonthegrowthor
behaviourofthecalvesalthoughitispossiblethatthebeddingusedalleviatedthehardnessofconcrete
floor.Pairhousedcalveswereabletousethelargerpenareaandrestedmoreoftenandforlonger
durationsontheirsidethanindividuallyhousedcalves.

Keywords:
Calves,Housing,Restingbehaviour,Ageinfluence,Circadianrhythm

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12/7/2015

TheeffectofflooringtypeandsocialgroupingontherestandgrowthofdairycalvesAppliedAnimalBehaviourScience

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2004ElsevierB.V.PublishedbyElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.

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