Coordinate

Computation

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Structural Department - Year 1
(Planimetric Surveying 1)

SCM 221

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Available Surfaces

Terrain
Only available tangible surface
Earth physical surface
Non uniform shape
No geometric characteristics
No calculations
All surveying measurements are taken on this surface

Geoid

Imaginary non uniform surface

No geometric characteristics
No calculations
Equipotential surface
MSL surface used as datum for heights
Direction of Gravity to the Geoid

Vertical axis of any instrument takes gravity direction

HGeoid=0

to the Geoid

Computational Surface
Imaginary Uniform Geometric surface
Used for calculations
Fitting Earth or part of the terrain as much as possible
2
Plane (L<10km & A<50km 2 ) Sphere (10km<L<20km & 50km 2<A<300km2 ) Ellipsoid (L>20km & A>300km )

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Coordinate Systems

Type of Coordinate Systems

1- Geographic or geodetic coordinate systems ( , , h) or ( X , Y , Z )

2- Plane coordinates
Polar (r,) and Cartesian (X,Y) or (E,N) True North at point p
z Meridian of point P

Geographic coordinate system

1- Geodetic Curvilinear Coordinates
Latitude , Longitude , height h

Perpendicular to Earths surface

NP

P
h

= 0 90 N or S
= 0 360 or 180E 180W

2- Geocentric Cartesian Coordinates

x, y, z

Transformation is possible
between Curvilinear and
Cartesian coordinates

z
o

Equatorial plane

=90

y
Part of sphere

=0

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Coordinate Systems

Why we use coordinate systems?

-No accumulation of errors
-Easy to use with computers
-Transformation of coordinates among different systems

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Plane Coordinate System

Polar coordinate system

r is the distance of the point from the origin
to the point P
is the angle between the polar axis and the
ray extending from the origin to point P

Cartesian coordinate system

Coordinates of point

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

Components of a line

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Whole Circle Bearing

Azimuth of a line (Whole Circle Bearing WCB)

It is the angle measured from North direction to the line clockwise direction.

270 360 B
E ve
N ve

180 270
E ve
N ve

o 90

E ve
A

N ve

90 180
A

E ve

N ve

NB. If negative, then add 360, If 360 then subtract 360

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Forward & Backward Bearing

Relation between Forward and Backward bearing

BA AB 180

if AB 180
if AB 180
Ex:

AB 227 BA 227 180 47

AB 118 BA 118 180 298

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Quadrant Bearing

Quadrant Bearing (Reduced Bearing RB)

( )
Q 0 90

Ex:

If 240
Q 240 180 60

NE

NW

S 60W

SW

SE

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Main Concept

Calculation of an angle between 2 bearings

AC AB B A C

Angle always in clockwise direction

Calculation of components of a line from length

and bearing

E AB LAB sin AB
N AB LAB cos AB
If coordinates of A are given, then:

EB EA LAB sin AB
N B N A LAB cos AB
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Calculation of Length and Bearing

Calculation of length of a line from coordinates

E AB EB E A
N AB N B N A
2
2
LAB E AB
N AB

Calculation of bearing of a line from coordinates

E ve

Q AB tan -1

N ve

E AB

AB 360 Q AB

N AB

First without signs, then take sign
into consideration
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

E ve

E ve
N ve
AB QAB
E ve
N ve

N ve
AB 180 Q AB AB 180 Q AB

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Coordinate
Computation

Solved Example

Line AB was obstructed by a pond as shown in Figure.

The following were measured:
AC = L1 = 40.69m, CE = L2 = 30.53m,
ED = L3 = 29.38m and DB = L4 = 34.83m.
If the bearing of AB= 121 38' 56" and
CE= N 81 27' 14" E, calculate:
a) Length of AB in Yards.
b) Bearing of DE in Grad.
=121 38' 56" QCE =N 81 27' 14" E
AB

CE = 81 27' 14"
ECD = CD - CE = AB - CE = 121 38' 56" - 81 27' 14"
ECD = 40 11' 42"
ED
CE
29.38
30.53

sin ECD sin CDE

sin 4011' 42'' sin CDE
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

10

Coordinate
Computation

Solved Example

CDE= 42 07' 03"

DEC = 180 CDE ECD = 9741' 15"
CD2 = CE2 + ED2 2.CE.ED. Cos DEC
CD = 45.11m
AB = AC+CD+DB = 40.69+45.11+34.83 = 120.63m

AB = 131.92 Yards
CDE = DE - DC

DE = CDE + DC = CDE + BA
DE = 4207' 03" + 12138' 56" + 180
DE = 34345' 59"
DE = 381g 96c 27cc
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

11

Coordinate
Computation

Solved Example

For the shown electric cables configuration, the following are given:
The coordinates of A (256.78m, 388.40m), the reduced bearing of AB = N75 25'
40"E, the coordinates of C (310.25m, 505.32m) and the angle ADC = 65 20' 50",
Calculate coordinates of D.
Given LDB = 123m, calculate the coordinates of B.
Check if electric tower E(410.25m,605.32m) lie on the path of the cable AB.
EAC = 310.25 256.78 = 53.47m, NAC = 505.32 388.40 = 116.92m
LAC = 128.57m, QAC = N24 34' 32.25"E, AC = 24 34' 32.25",
angle CAD = AD AC = 75 25' 40" - 24 34' 32.25" = 50 51' 7.75",
128.57 / sin65 20' 50" = LCD / sin50 51' 7.75",
LCD = 109.71m,
65 20' 50" = DC DA,
DA = 75 25' 40" + 180 = 255 25' 40",
DC = 320 46' 30",
CD = 320 46' 30" 180 = 140 46' 30"
ED = EC + LCD sinCD = 379.63m
ND = NC + LCD cosCD = 420.33m
EB = ED + LDB sinDB
= 498.67m
NB = ND + LDB cosDB = 451.28m

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 4

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

12