CE200 SURVEYING

Angular Measurements And Angle Measurıng

Instruments (Tacheometers And Theodolites)
Associate Professor Dr. Haluk ÖZENER
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Civil Engineering
Geomatics Engineering Department
phone: 0212 2853819
e-mail: ozener@boun.edu.tr
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/jeodezi
Angles & Directions
An angle is defined as the difference in direction between two convergent
lines.
A horizontal angle is formed by the directions to two objects in a
horizontal plane.
A vertical angle is formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, one
of these lines horizontal.
A zenith angle is the complementary angle to the vertical angle and is
formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, one of these lines
directed toward the zenith.
 Angles & Directions
A • Gometric Definition of Angles

Vertical Angle

Horizontal Angle

B
Angles & Directions

Vertical
Angles
 Tacheometers & Theodolites
Angle instruments Slow motion
called tacheometers or Internal tanget screw
theodolites, depending Focus (up / down)
on their precision in (For sighting
Slow motion
measuring angles. object)
tanget screw
(left / right)
Eyepiece
Focus
(For cross Telescope
hairs) clamp
(up / down)
Upper
plate
clamp
(left / right)
Axes of Theodolite
Theodolite
Theodolite
Setting up the Theodolite
Plate Level Bubble Tube

Foot Screws

The bubble should

Bubble follows direction of left thumb
be moved to the right
Both thumbs move in (or out)
Setting up the Theodolite
Recommendations
• Fine level the theodolite using the PLATE level bubble tube and foot
SCREWS
• Position a) align the plate level bubble tube with two foot screws.
– Centre the bubble by rotating the two foot screws in
opposite directions.
– The bubble follows the LEFT thumb.
• Position b) align the plate level bubble tube with the third foot
screw.
– Centre the bubble by rotating the the third foot screw
(only). The bubble follows the LEFT thumb.
 Setting up the Theodolite
Bubble Follows Left Thumb Bubble Still Follows Left Thumb

Position a Position a Position b

900 to position a
Summary Of Errors In Angle &
Direction Measurements
Summary Of Errors In Angle &
Direction Measurements
Summary Of Errors In Angle &
Direction Measurements

Common Mistakes

Point or Target misidentifications

Incorrect recordings
Improper focusing
Officework 1
Officework 1