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Welds Analysis For Dummies

General Steps:
1. Determine loading/draw a FBD
2. Select a temporary weld contour or weld shape
3. Determine Geometric properties [A, I, J]
a. Need the throat height [h]
b. Throat height should be less than half base material thickness
4. Identify critical points: find maximum secondary shear and max total shear.
5. Select the electrode material
6. Find the allowable stress for the appropriate code
7. Find the static safety factor
8. Find the alternating and midrange stress
9. Find the material properties: Sse, Ssu, Ssy
10. Select the fatigue Criterion
11. Iterate as needed
Determine Loading/Select Weld Shape:
Different loading scenarios:
Force that passes through the centroid of the weld (Direct Force or Axial Force):
- Primary shear only, evenly distributed

Force that does not pass through the weld centroid (Direct Force and a Torsion/Moment):
- Primary shear that is evenly distributed
- Secondary shear that varies depending on distance from the centroid. Stress is perpendicular
to the line from the centroid to that point.

Torsion: the bending moment causes the weld


to undergo torsion.

Bending: the bending moment causes the weld


to also bend.

Determine Loading/Select Weld Shape continued:


Different loading scenarios continued:
Torsion Only:
- Secondary shear only, uniform throughout entire weld

Geometric Properties:
See tables 9-1 or 9-2

J 0.707 h J u

Geometric Properties continued:


See tables 9-1 or 9-2

I 0.707 h I u

Calculate the loads and stresses:


Primary Shear:

'

F
1.414 F

;
0.707 hl
hl

'

F
A

Divide by number of weld areas sharing this shear

Note: you must use the unit Is


and Js (Iu and/or Ju)to find the I
and J that you are interested in.
You should go back to the
previous section if you have no
idea how to find that.

Secondary Shear [Torsion]:

M F r
where r distance from force to centroid
Mr Tr
''

where r distance from centroid to point of interest


J
J
Secondary Shear [Moment]:

M F r
Mr
''
I

where r distance from force to centroid


where r distance from centroid to point of interest

Weld Materials:
- If you cannot find the weld material, assume that it has the base materials hot rolled
properties.
- Otherwise, use table 9-3.

Weld Code Allowable Stress:


- Check table 9-4, unless told otherwise. Generally, we only care about shear. If gross exam
problem, select otherwise.

Static Safety Factor:


- Vectorially sum all stresses:

'total

1 ' 2 '
2

''total

...

max

' ''
2

1 '' 2 ''
2

...

Note that you will likely only have one primary and one secondary shear.
If you have multiple, and they act in the same direction as each other, you can add them
algebraically.
- Check the safety factor:

allow

max

allow

' ''
2

Determine Alternating and Midrange Stresses:


- Use your Fizzer prowess to figure out what alternates/changes/cycles and what remains
constant.
- Vectorially sum all the alternating stresses together and vectorially sum all the midrange
stresses together.
- Realistically, you will only have one midrange, and maybe one or two alternating that you
have to deal with.
- Find Kfs and multiply both your midrange and alternating stresses with it. (Kfs from table 9-5)

m K fs m2 |1 m2 |2 ...

a K fs a2|1 a2|2 ...

Find Material Properties:


- Use Table A-20 to find base material properties
- Use your Marin Factors to get values for Sse

Sse ka kb kc kd ke k f 0.5Sut

For table, see next page. For easy, one stop shop for all your Marin Factors, Shigleys 338-339.
Select Failure Criterion:
- Pick something.
- One stop shop is again Shigleys 339.
- If youre desperate, see the next page.

Find Material Properties:


Table A-20

Find Material Properties:


Failure Criterion:

Iterate as needed:
Read: Pete has been mean. Pray before continuing.
fd

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