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XC is a hyperbola
xy = k
The voltage across the series combination of C and L is always less than the larger individual voltage across
either C or L
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Inductor voltage and capacitor voltage effectively subtract because they are out of phase
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Series Resonance
Resonance is a condition in a series RLC
circuit in which the capacitive and inductive
reactances are equal in magnitude
The result is a purely resistive impedance
The formula for series resonance is:
1
2 LC
At the resonant frequency (fr), the reactances are equal in magnitude and effectively cancel, leaving Zr = R
Xtot = 0
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
At the resonant frequency, fr, the voltages across C and L are equal in magnitude.
Since they are 180 out of phase with each other, they cancel, leaving 0 V across the CL
combination (point A to point B).
The section of the circuit from A to B effectively looks like a short at resonance
(neglecting winding resistance).
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
An illustration of how the voltage and current amplitudes respond in a series RLC circuit as the frequency is
increased from below to above its resonant value. The source voltage is held at a constant amplitude
Frequency at Resonance
Xc = XL
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Generalized current and voltage magnitudes as a function of frequency in a series RLC circuit. VC and VL can be
much larger than the source voltage. The shapes of the graphs depend on particular circuit values.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Capacitive = ICE
Inductive = ELI
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
AKA:
Half Power
-3dB
Example of the frequency response of a series resonant band-pass filter with the input voltage at a
constant 10 V rms. The winding resistance of the coil is neglected.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Selectivity
Selectivity defines how well a resonant circuit
responds to a certain frequency and discriminates
against all other frequencies
The narrower the bandwidth steeper the slope, the
greater the selectivity
This is related to the Quality (Q) Factor
(performance) of the inductor at resonance. A
higher Q Factor produces a tighter bandwidth
Q = X L/(R + Rwindings)
Bandwidth = Fr/Q
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Example of the frequency response of a series resonant band-stop filter with Vin at a constant 10 V rms. The
winding resistance is neglected.
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Tank Circuit
A parallel resonant circuit stores energy in the
magnetic field of the coil and the electric field of
the capacitor. The energy is transferred back and
forth between the coil and capacitor
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
AKA:
Half Power
-3dB
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Example of the response of a parallel resonant band-pass filter with the input voltage at a constant 10 V rms
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
Thomas L. Floyd
Electronics Fundamentals, 6e
Electric Circuit Fundamentals, 6e
A simplified diagram of a superheterodyne AM radio broadcast receiver showing the application of tuned resonant circuits
600 Khz
Tuned Frequency
600 Khz
Bandpass
Filter
455 Khz
Bandpass
Filter
Local Oscillator is
always 455 Khz above
Tuner Frequency