1. Consider a file with composite data, substitute the content and transpose the ciphers.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
FILE *src,*dest;
FILE *openfile(FILE *fptr,char *name, char *mode)
{
fptr=fopen(name,mode);
if(fptr==NULL)
{
printf("Unable to open a file \n"); exit(1);
}
return fptr;
}
void substitutencrypt()
{
char str[50],str1[50],ch;
printf("\n Enter the input filename to encrypt\n"); scanf("%s",str);
src=openfile(src,str,"r");
printf("Enter the output filename to decrypt\n");
scanf("%s",str1);
dest=openfile(dest,str1,"w");
ch=fgetc(src);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch+5,dest);
printf("%c",ch+5);
ch=fgetc(src);
}
fclose(dest);
return;
}
void substitutdecrypt()
{
char str[50],str1[50],ch;
printf("\n Enter the filename to decrypt \n");
scanf("%s",str);
src=openfile(src,str,"r");
printf("\n Enter the filename to encrypt\n");

scanf("%s",str1);
dest=openfile(dest,str1,"w");
ch=fgetc(src);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
fputc(ch-5,dest); ch=fgetc(src);
}
fclose(dest);
return;
}
void transpose()
{
int i=0,j=0,k=0,count;
char ch,str[50],str1[50],msg[50],dmsg[50];
printf(" enter the filename to encrypt \n");
scanf("%s",str);
src=openfile(src,str,"r");
printf("enter the filename to transpose\n");
scanf("%s",str1);
dest=openfile(dest,str1,"w");
ch=fgetc(src);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
msg[i++]=ch;
ch=fgetc(src);
}
msg[i]='\0';
count=strlen(msg);
if(count%2==0)
j=count/2;
else
j=count/2+1;
i=0;
while(i<count)
{
dmsg[k++]=msg[i++];
if(msg[i]=='\0')
dmsg[j++]='\0';
else
dmsg[j++]=msg[i++];
}

dmsg[i]='\0';
printf("\nThe cipher text is\n"); printf("%s",dmsg);
fwrite(dmsg,strlen(dmsg),1,dest); fclose(dest);
}
void transposedecrypt()
{
int i=0,j,k=-1,l,count;
char ch,str[50],str1[50],msg[50],dmsg[50];
printf("\nEnter the filename to decrypt\n");
scanf("%s",str);
src=openfile(src,str,"r");
printf("\nEnter the filename for plaintext\n");
scanf("%s",str1);
dest=openfile(dest,str1,"w");
ch=fgetc(src);
while(ch!=EOF)
{
dmsg[i++]=ch;
ch=fgetc(src);
}
dmsg[i]='\0';
i=0;
count=strlen(dmsg);
if(count%2==0)
j=count/2;
else
j=count/2+1;
l=j;
while(i<l && j<count)
{
msg[++k]=dmsg[i];
++i;
msg[++k]=dmsg[j];
++j;
}
if(i<l)
msg[++k]=dmsg[i];
k++;
msg[k]='\0';

printf("Decrypted message\n");
printf("%s",msg);
fwrite(msg,strlen(msg),1,dest); fclose(dest);
}
void main()
{
int choice; char str[50]; do
{
printf("\n Enter your choice \n");
printf("1.substitute encryption \n 2.substitute Decryption \n 3.Transpose\n 4. transposedecr\n
5.Exit\n \n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1: substitutencrypt(); break;
case 2: substitutdecrypt(); break;
case 3: transpose(); break;
case 4: transposedecrypt(); break;
default: exit(0);
}
}while(choice>0);
}
gcc transpose.c
./a.out
Enter your choice 1.substitute encryption 2.substitute Decryption 3.Transpose
4. transposedecr 5.Exit
1
Enter the input filename to encrypt f1.c
Enter the output filename to decrypt f2.c
mjqqt
Enter your choice 1.substitute encryption 2.substitute Decryption 3.Transpose
4.transposedecr
5.Exit
3
enter the filename to encrypt f1.c
enter the filename to transpose f3.c
The cipher text is hloel

Program 3 Apply the RSA algorithm on a text file to produce cipher text file.
import java.math.BigInteger ;
import java.util.Random ;
import java.io.* ;
/* RSA.java*/
public class RSA
{
/**
* Bit length of each prime number.
*/
int primeSize ;
/**
* Two distinct large prime numbers p and q.
*/
BigInteger p, q ;
/**
* Modulus N.
*/
BigInteger N ;
/**
*r=(p-1)*(q-1)
*/
BigInteger r ;
/**
* Public exponent E and Private exponent D
*/
BigInteger E, D ;
public RSA(){
}
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param
primeSize
*/
public RSA( int primeSize )
{
this.primeSize = primeSize ;

Bit length of each prime number.

// Generate two distinct large prime numbers p and q.

generatePrimeNumbers() ;

// Generate Public and Private Keys.

generatePublicPrivateKeys() ;
/**
* Generate two distinct large prime numbers p and q.
*/
public void generatePrimeNumbers()
{
p = new BigInteger( primeSize, 10, new Random()) ;
do
{
q = new BigInteger( primeSize, 10, new Random()) ;
}
while( q.compareTo( p ) == 0 ) ;
}
/**
* Generate Public and Private Keys.
*/
public void generatePublicPrivateKeys()
{
// N = p * q
N = p.multiply( q ) ;
// r = ( p - 1 ) * ( q - 1 )
r = p.subtract( BigInteger.valueOf( 1 ) ) ;
r = r.multiply( q.subtract( BigInteger.valueOf( 1 ) ) ) ;
// Choose E, coprime to and less than r
do
{
E = new BigInteger( 2 * primeSize, new Random() ) ;
}
while( ( E.compareTo( r ) != -1 ) || ( E.gcd( r ).compareTo( BigInteger.valueOf( 1 ) ) !=
0));
// Compute D, the inverse of E mod r
D = E.modInverse( r ) ;
}
/**
* Encrypts the plaintext (Using Public Key).
*

* @param
message
String containing the plaintext message to be
encrypted.
* @return
The ciphertext as a BigInteger array.
*/
public BigInteger[] encrypt( String message )
{
int i ;
byte[] temp = new byte[1] ;
byte[] digits = message.getBytes() ;
BigInteger[] bigdigits = new BigInteger[digits.length] ;
for( i = 0 ; i < bigdigits.length ; i++ )
{
temp[0] = digits[i] ;
bigdigits[i] = new BigInteger( temp ) ;
}
BigInteger[] encrypted = new BigInteger[bigdigits.length] ;
for( i = 0 ; i < bigdigits.length ; i++ )
encrypted[i] = bigdigits[i].modPow( E, N ) ;
return( encrypted ) ;
}
/**
* Get prime number p.
*
* @return
Prime number p.
*/
public BigInteger getp()
{
return( p ) ;
}
/**
* Get prime number q.
*
* @return
Prime number q.
*/
public BigInteger getq()
{
return( q ) ;
}

/**
* Get r.
*
* @return
r.
*/
public BigInteger getr()
{
return( r ) ;
}
/**
* Get modulus N.
*
* @return
Modulus N.
*/
public BigInteger getN()
{
return( N ) ;
}
/**
* Get Public exponent E.
*
* @return
Public exponent E.
*/
public BigInteger getE()
{
return( E ) ;
}
/**
* Get Private exponent D.
*
* @return
Private exponent D.
*/
public BigInteger getD()
{
return( D ) ;
}

import java.math.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RSAMain{
public static void main(String args[]){
String nhash;
BigInteger[] ciphertext = null;
BigInteger n = null;
BigInteger d = null;
StringBuffer input = new StringBuffer();
// Read From File
try {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("rsa-input.txt"));
String sCurrentLine;
while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
input.append(sCurrentLine);
}
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(" Input text is :"+input);
// Perform RSA Encryption
RSA rsa = new RSA( 32 ) ;
n=rsa.getN(); // Modulus value
d=rsa.getD(); // Exponent value
ciphertext = rsa.encrypt(input.toString()) ; // perform RSA Encryption
// Convert binary cipherText to string format
StringBuffer bf = new StringBuffer();
for( int i = 0 ; i < ciphertext.length ; i++ )
{
bf.append( ciphertext[i].toString( 16 ).toUpperCase() ) ;
}
// convert string buffer to string

String message=bf.toString();
System.out.println("Encrypted text written to rsa-output.txt file");
/* Writing into File */
try {
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("rsa-output.txt"));
out.flush();
out.write(message); // Write the string into file
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Program 4. Develop a mechanism to setup a security channel using Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
between client and server

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
long int q,alpha,Xa,Xb,Ya,Yb,Ka,Kb;
printf("Enter a prime number q:\n");
scanf("%ld",&q);
printf("Enter the value of alpha:\n");
scanf("%ld",&alpha);
printf("User A: Enter a prime number Xa which is less than q:\n");
scanf("%ld",&Xa);
printf("User B: Enter a prime number Xb which is less than q:\n");
scanf("%ld",&Xb);
Ya=((long int)pow(alpha,Xa))%q;
printf("User A sends Ya=%ld to User B\n",Ya);
Yb=((long int)pow(alpha,Xb))%q;
printf("User B sends Yb=%ld to User A\n",Yb);
Ka=((long int)pow(Yb,Xa))%q;
printf("User A calculates secret key Ka=%ld \n",Ka);
Kb=((long int)pow(Ya,Xb))%q;
printf("User B calculates secret key Kb=%ld \n",Kb);
if(Ka==Kb)
printf("The keys exchanged by user A and user B are same");
else
printf("The keys exchanged by user A and user B are not same");
}
Output:
Enter a prime number q: 7
Enter the value of alpha: 3
User A: Enter a prime number Xa which is less than q:5

User B: Enter a prime number Xb which is less than q:3

User A sends Ya=5 to User B
User B sends Yb=6 to User A
User A calculates secret key Ka=6
User B calculates secret key Kb=6
The keys exchanged by user A and user B are same

Program 7. Using any simulation tool: demonstrate packet filtering firewalls, create the ACL,
create VLAN [Subnetting].

Select any component.

Click on CLI to start configuration.

Assigning IP address and command prompt(Used to ping)

Before applying any access list ping and make sure two end devices are
communicating with each other.

Router1>enable // There are 0-15 different levels of enable.

Router1#configure terminal // command used to get into configuration mode

Router1(config)#interface serial 2/0 //Interface is a keyword used to get into any interface
followed by the type and number of the interface.

Router1(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 // used to assign IP address to any

device port.

Router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 // need to assign a clock rate for router to router
communication. It is assigned on the DCE side of the cable. Just point your mouse pointer over
the cable if a clock appears then its DCE
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown //*** By default all the ports are in shutdown/Inactive
state. No shutdown is used to activate

Router1(config-if)#exit // to
Router1(config)#interface fastEthernet 2/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#ip route 30.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.2 // known as static routing
Router1(config)#access-list 25 permit 30.0.0.20 0.0.0.0 // creating a access list
Explaination same as above
Router2>enable
Router2#configure terminal
Router2(config)#interface serial 2/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#interface fastEthernet 2/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.1
VLAN

Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 4/0
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if).#exit
Switch(config)#
// Go into each interface and assign vlans.