Quadratic Equations

Standard Form
The Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation looks like this:

2 + + = 0, 0
Where a ,b ,c are real numbers x is variable or Unknown.
For example 7 2 + + 3 = 0
Note:If a=0, it will not be a quadratic equation. The name Quadratic comes from
"quad" meaning square, because the variable gets squared (like x2).It is also
called an "Equation of Degree 2" (because of the "2" on the x)

Pure Quadratic Equations

The Pure Form of a Quadratic Equation looks like this:

2 + = 0, b=0 in Standard quadratic Equation 2 + + = 0

For example 2 16 = 0 , 4 2 = 7 are pure form of quadratic equation.

How To Solve Quadratic Equation ?

There are three Methods to solve a Quadratic Equation.
1. Factorization
2. Completing the Square

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

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Quadratic Equations
3. By using Quadratic Formula

Exercise 1.1

th

10 -Class

1. Write the following Quadratic Equations in the standard form and point
out pure Quadratic Equations.
(i)

+ = 7
Soln. + 7 3 = 7
2 + 4 21 = 7
2 + 4 21 + 7 = 0

=>

2 + 4 14 = 0 (Standard form)
+

(ii)

Soln.

Taking L.C.M of 3,7 (which is 21) and multiplying on both side

We get
21

2 +4
3

21

= 21(1)

7 2 + 4 3 = 21
7 2 + 28 3 = 21
7 2 + 28 3 21 = 0
=> 7 2 3 + 7 = 0

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

(Standard form)

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Quadratic Equations
(iii)
Sol.

+1

+1

=6

Multiply both sides by (x+1)(x).

(L.C.M Of (x+1) and (x)) We get

+ 1 () +1 + + 1 ()

+1

= 6 + 1 ()

2 + + 1 + 1 = 6( 2 + )
2 + 2 + 2 + 1 6 2 6 = 0
Taking (-) common we get

4 2 4 + 1 = 0
=> 4 2 + 4 1 = 0
(iv)
Sol.

+4
2

(Standard form)

+=

+4 = 0

Multiply both sides by (x-2)(x).

(L.C.M Of (x-2) and (x)) We get
2

+4
2

+ 4 2 = 0 2 ()

+ 4 2 2 + 4 2 2 = 0
2 + 4 2 4 + 4 + 4 2 8 = 0
Taking (4) common we get

4 2 4 = 0
=> 2 1 = 0
(v)

+
+

(Pure quadratic Form)

Do your self
Same As Part (iv) Ans. (Pure quadratic Form)

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

Page 3

Quadratic Equations
(vi)
Sol.

+
+
+
+

+
+

+ + =

Multiply both sides by (x+2)(x+3)(12).

(L.C.M Of (x+2) , (x+3) and (12))
We get
+ 2 + 3 12

+1
+2

+ + 2 + 3 12

+2
+3

= + 2 + 3 12

25
12

+ 3 12 ( + 1) + + 2 12 + 2 = + 2 + 3 25
12 x + 3 (x + 1) + 12 x + 2 x + 2 = 25 x + 2 x + 3
12( 2 + 4 + 3) + 12( 2 + 4 + 4) = 25( 2 + 5 + 6) Simplifying we get
(12 + 12 25) 2 + 48 + 48 150 + (38 + 48 150) = 0
2 29 66 = 0 Taking (-) common we get
=> 2 + 29 + 66 = 0

(Standard form)

What is factorization?
Let us consider a simple example (Numbers)
12 = 3 4
i.e., 12 is product of 3 and 4.
3 and 4 are called factors or divisors of 12
12 is also equal to 2 6.
Similarly an Algebraic expression can be Factorized .
For Example 2 + 4 + 3 = 0 have Factors as

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

Factorization
Expressing polynomials as
product of other polynomials
that cannot be further
factorized is called
Factorization

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Quadratic Equations
Q2. Solve by Factorization.

Some tips For

Factorization.

(i). 2 20 = 0
Sol. 2 20 = 0

2 + + = 0

2 5 + 4 20 = 0
5 +4 5 = 0
5 +4 = 0

In this Equation.
If c is positive, then the
factors you're looking

5 = 0 or + 4 = 0
=> = 5 or = 4
Solution Set = {5,-4}

for are either both

positive or else both
negative.
(factors that you're
looking for add to b.)

(ii) 3 2 = ( 5)
Sol. 3 2 = ( 5)
2

If c is negative, then the

factors you're looking for

are of alternating signs;
that is, one is negative
and one is positive.

3 + 5 = 0
2 2 + 5 = 0
Taking y common, we get
2 + 5 = 0
= 0 2 + 5 = 0
5

= 0 = 2
5

Solution Set = {0,- }

2

(iii) 4 32 = 17 2
Sol. 4 32 = 17 2
4 32 17 2 = 0 Taking (-) common
17 2 + 32 4 = 0
17 2 + 34 2 4 = 0
Ali Hassan Tahir
M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

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Quadratic Equations
17 + 2 2 + 4 = 0
x + 2 17x 2 = 0
Thus,

x + 2 = 0 or 17x 2 = 0

x = 2, 17x = 2
2

= 17
Solution Set = {-2,

2
17

(iv) 2 11 = 152
Sol. 2 11 = 152
2 11 152 = 0
2 19 + 8 152 = 0
19 + 8( 19) = 0
19 ( + 8) = 0
, 19 = 0 + 8 = 0
x = 19, x = 8
Solution Set = {19,-8}
(v)

+1

Sol.

25

+ +1 = 12
+1

25

+ +1 = 12

Multiplying both sides by 12( + 1)

+1

25

12( + 1) + +1 12( + 1) = 12 12( + 1)

12 + 1 + 1 = 12 = 25( + 1)
12 2 + 2 + 1 + 12 2 = 25( 2 + )
12 2 + 24 + 12 + 12 2 = 25 2 + 25
Ali Hassan Tahir
M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

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Quadratic Equations
12 2 + 24 + 12 + 12 2 25 2 25 = 0
12 2 + 12 2 25 2 + 24 25 + 12 = 0
2 + 12 = 0 Taking (-) common we get
2 + 12 = 0
2 + 4 3 12 = 0
+4 3 +4 = 0
+4 3 = 0
, + 4 = 0 3 = 0
= 4

, =3

Solution Set = {-4,3}

2

(vi)

2
9
2
9

=
=
=

= 3 4
2

Sol.

1
3

1
4

4 (x3)
3 (4)

( . . . . )

4 +3
3 (4)
1
3 (4)

Now by cross multiplication, we have

2 3 4 = 1( 9)
2 2 7 + 12 = + 9
2 2 14 + 24 + 9 = 0
2 2 13 + 15 = 0
Now Factorizing
2 2 10 3 + 15 = 0
2 5 3 5 = 0
Ali Hassan Tahir
M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

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Quadratic Equations
5 2 3 = 0
5 = 0 2 3 = 0
=5

=2

Solution Set =

{5, }
2

Now we will learn completing Square Technique to solve quadratic

Equation.
Derivation of Quadratic Formula using completing square.
let's go

2 + + = 0

(1)

Step-1 Coefficient of 2 should be 1. If it is not 1 make it 1 by dividing.

Dividing Above Equation by a ,We get
2

+ =

Step-2 Put Constant term Over the Other side (i.e. .)

2 +

Step-3 Take half of Coefficient of x-term, and square it and add on both sides.

2 + +

= +

Step-4 Convert the left-hand side to square forms

and simplify on the right-hand side.

+2

+ 2

= + 4 2

4 + 2
4 2

Step-4
Convert left-hand side in square
form using this

+2 +

= +

Step-5 Square-root both sides, remembering to put

the "" on the right.
Ali Hassan Tahir
M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

Page 8

Quadratic Equations

+ 2

+ 2 =

4 + 2
4 2

2 4
2

Step-6 Solve for "x =", and simplify as necessary.

=

+ 2 4
2

2 4

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

Page 9

Quadratic Equations

Ali Hassan Tahir

M.Sc. Computational Physics
Email id=tahirg27@yahoo.com

Page 10