Professional Documents
Culture Documents
page numbers
Chapter one Introduction................................................5
Background............................................................................................................. 5
Problem statement.................................................................................................. 8
Purpose................................................................................................................... 8
General objectives................................................................................................... 8
Specific objectives................................................................................................... 9
Research questions................................................................................................. 9
The scope of the study:........................................................................................... 9
Geographical scope.............................................................................................. 9
Content scope...................................................................................................... 9
Time scope........................................................................................................... 9
Significant of study................................................................................................ 10
Chapter three...............................................................20
Methodology.................................................................20
Introduction........................................................................................................... 20
Research design.................................................................................................... 20
Research population.............................................................................................. 20
Sample size........................................................................................................... 20
Sampling Procedure.............................................................................................. 21
Research Instruments............................................................................................ 21
Questionnaire........................................................................................................ 21
Interviews.............................................................................................................. 22
Sources of data..................................................................................................... 22
a) Primary source............................................................................................... 22
b) Secondary source.......................................................................................... 22
Data Gathering Procedure..................................................................................... 22
Data Analysis........................................................................................................ 22
Research Limitations............................................................................................. 22
Table 7 occupation........................................................30
Graph no: 7 shows occupation..............................................................................30
Reference.....................................................................46
Appendixes...................................................................48
Appendix 1: Questionnaire.................................................................................... 48
APPENDIX II: TIME FRAME...................................................................................... 51
4
number of people are involved in the production process and the fact that output is marketed in
commodity form. This attracts low prices due to price depression actions of middlemen and
processors, high supply during harvest time when most peasant farmers sell their produce and
low demand especially for starchy cereals (Bozic et al. 2009). Value addition of
agricultural products related economics when the improved value added
products they contributed labor, market demand and income of the farmers,
Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production or through
image and marketing. Value added agriculture is a process of increasing the economic value and
consumer appeal of an agricultural commodity. It is an alternative production and marketing
strategy that requires a better understanding of the rapidly changing food industry and food
safety issues, consumer preference and effective management. It may not be inferred that value
addition, means only processing a raw material into some form of canned food. There are various
ways of adding value to a commodity. Further, in a country like India, the scope of Value
addition is mind-boggling for the reason of availability of raw material as well as the large
market size. In the paper presented here, an attempt is being made to study the sector of Value
addition in agricultural products in the state of Haryana
Vegetable has high value production plays important role in poverty
alleviation through employment generation, improving the feeding behavior
of the people, and creating new opportunities for poor farmers. Since the
labor to land ratio of vegetable cultivation is high, vegetable products are
bulky and perishable, and vegetable has continuous demand in the market,
its production and marketing allows high productive employment. Increasing
horticultural production and marketing thus contribute to commercialization
of the rural economy and create many off-farm jobs (Weignberger and
Lumpkin, 2005).
The value of agricultural products can be increased in endless ways: by
cleaning and cooling, packaging, processing, distributing, cooking,
combining, churning, culturing, grinding, hulling, extracting, drying, smoking,
handcrafting, spinning, weaving, labeling, or packaging
Problem statement
Awdal region is located about 120km in northwestern maroodijeex the main region of
Somaliland
has large number of farms and produce more products but lack of agricultural
processing industries they doesnt produce value addition of agricultural products the main
problem of this region is perishable of agricultural when farmers produce large crops
Connecting smallholders to new dynamic markets for high-value products provides an
opportunity for more rapid reduction of poverty but also poses a challenge. It requires
investing in market infrastructure and upgrading farmers technical capacity to meet
demanding standards. Producer organizations are essential for smallholders to achieve
competitiveness, to realize economies of scale in market transactions, and to gain
market power
Enhancing value addition of agricultural product to contributed economic opportunity such as
increased demand of market reduce unemployment rate the must be established industrial
processing products or cottage industries to produce value addition of agricultural products
Purpose
The main purpose of this problem increasing agricultural products of awdal
region to achieve lower unemployment rate and Suggest policies and strategies
for scio-economic development of agriculture in the region
General objectives
Evaluate agricultural-value chain systems; and Reflect on alternative ways to increase
productivity, develop markets, and build up competitiveness to improve incomes and reduce
poverty in awdal region and involving agricultural processing industries expect benefits to arise
from a change in the form of the agricultural product
Specific objectives
i. To identify role of value addition of agricultural products in economic contribution and reduce
unemployment rate
ii. to develop standard live of farmers by increasing agricultural products
iii. to establish agricultural products that added value in economics by processing agricultural
products to increase demand of the market
Research questions
1. what is role of value addition in economic growth and how to reduce unemployment rate
2. how to develop standard live of the farmers and increasing agricultural products
3. how to processing agricultural products to save perishable products
The research study is made value addition of agricultural products and their
economic contribution in awdalregion geographically located north west of
Somaliland they consisting four district boorama.bakilughaya and qulujeed
the capital city of this region is Borama,boorama is located about 120 km
North West of Hargeisa
Content scope
The study of this research was confined the value addition of agricultural
products and their economic contribution in awdalarea ,available improve
and scientific study options can be used to reduce un employment rate and
motivate agricultural production
Time scope
The first phase of the study was taken place from April to May in 2014 where
understanding, deciding and identification important value addition of
agricultural product,
the second phase of study was observations with market visits and data
collection which started June and ended July in 2014. However, the overall
time taken to complete this study was April to July in 2014
Significant of study
This study is one of the most important studies prepared at awdal region
especially value addition of agricultural products and economic contribution
this topic it is very helpful society in awdal region and also help every
organization formal or in formal which interesting development of this region
and helpful industries which interesting to start processing of agricultural
products,
The value addition of agricultural products it is play important role social
development it reduced unemployment rate increased income of the people
and also increased demand of the market otherwise value addition of
agricultural products is crucial for economically,
It is also useful for the researcher to complete this task to get their degree of
Bachelor science from Amoud University and to gain the experience how to
make a research for any interest issue.
10
Capturing those additional dollars or adding value to farm or ranch products is a goal of many
producers. Even for commodity products, such as beef, the farm-to-retail price spread indicates
that those further up the supply chain earn much more than producers at the ranch or farm level.
This leaflet defines value-added activities, outlines the economic forces that make adding value
important, and provides guidelines for starting your own value added business.
12
the value share for field and seed crops.( Source: USDA, NASS, California Field Office (2011).
California County Agricultural Commissioners Data, various. Accessed May 2012)
13
employment contribution There are over 80,000 people employed directly in crop
and livestock production. Among the general sectors in these industries fruit production is the
largest employer (approximately 29,000). Income to employees and ownership for crop Direct
employment through the creation of 1.35 million full-time and part-time jobs, representing 13.8
percent of all jobs in the state, and total employment impacts (including multiplier effects) of
2.01 million full-time and part-time jobs Direct value added of $60.66 billion, representing 8.5
percent of Floridas Gross State Product, and total value-added impacts (including multiplier
effects) of $108.74 billion, representing 10.3 percent of Gross State Product Total labor income
impacts of $67.31 billion for employee wages and benefits and business proprietor income, and
14
total property income impacts of $29.56 billion for rents, interest, royalties, and
dividends(Roheim et al, (2007)
Poverty Alleviation Agri-food systems are undergoing rapid transformations and the
emergence of integrated food supply chains is one of the most visible market phenomena in
India. Increasing concentration on processing, trading, marketing and retailing is being observed
in all the segments of supply chains. The traditional way of food production is being replaced by
practices more akin to manufacturing processes, with greater co-ordination across farmers,
processors, retailers and other stakeholders in the value chain. Further, with increase in income,
the pattern of food consumption is changing. Demand for high-value commodities like fruits,
vegetables, livestock products, fisheries and edible oils is growing and farmers are trying to
diversify their production systems accordingly. On the other hand, consumers are becoming more
demanding in terms of quality and safety of food commodities. In addition, demographic and
income trends are inducing more enlightened consumers to demand convenience foods such as
frozen, pre-cut, pre-cooked and ready-to-eat items, together with assurances of product quality
and safety. Consequently, production, processing and distribution systems are adapting to such
changes. Organization of agriculture along the value-chain framework has been conceived as one
of the strategies to bring more efficiency in the agricultural sector. The value-chain network may
be defined as a range of activities that are required to bring a product from its conception,
through its designing, sourcing of raw materials and intermediate inputs, marketing and
distribution, to the final consumer. There has been an increasing emphasis on the development of
15
efficient agricultural value chains in India and several innovative and successful value chains
have emerged. These emerging trends though indicative of catering to the expanding consumer
base with growing wealth, have generated concerns on the supply as well as demand side. In the
case of modern integrated value chains, producers gain from increased knowledge, better quality
and food safety, reduced costs and losses, higher sales and greater value-addition in production.
Innovation
A flour mill located in New Mexico, but owned cooperatively by Kansas wheat producers,
opened in1998. This flour mill adds value to producers raw commodities by further processing
wheat into flour fortortillas, a product with an increasing demand. Each share of stock purchased
by members for $5,000 provides ownership in the flour mill and obliges them to supply 2,850
bushels of wheat each year. A total of 550 wheat producers supplied $2.7 million of equity stock
to become members of this venture.
PHENIX MANUFACTURING
St. Peter, Minnesota An organic building material that looks like granite,
but
works like wood Environ is made from soybean meal and postconsumer
newspaper. It can be used to make counters, flooring, and furniture. Phenix
Manufacturing is a 1,000 member farmer-owned cooperative that invested
$10 million in initial equity and committed 35,000 acres of soybeans.
Another organic material, Clean Green, has been developed from corn and
wheat starches to replace petroleum-based plastics. This material
biodegrades in a matter of months and is a renewable resource.
.
19
Chapter three
Methodology
Introduction
In this chapter the researcher presented the methodology employed for data collection and
analysis of the research. The chapter examined further topics including; research design, research
population, sample and sampling procedures, research instruments, validity and reliability, data
analysis, ethical consideration and lastly limitation of the research.
We preferred to carry out the survey at borama district
Research design
The research design which was conducted during the investigation of this study was two mixed
methods of qualitative method and quantitative method. It was done under field survey at Amoud
farms to see and observe the conditions of agricultural production. After long discussion mostly
we decided to use qualitative method because of in our topic relevant the descriptive data.
Research population
The research populations was the population in awdal region special borama district special
people which studded or practice agriculture, agricultural expert and also include people which
have knowledge of economics in borama ,because I have not time and cost to travel completely
awdal The researcher focused to inquire or ask questions the people who have knowledge in
agricultural or practice rather than agricultural expert.
Sample size
The researcher sampled 50 respondents in total for the study and the sample having been arrived at
by use of table for determining sample size for research activities Krecie and morgan (1970) as
shown in table below. These 50 respondents are the sample of the targeted populations which were
approximately 500 so they are representative and after analysis the sample will be generalized.
Table 1: Showing the target and sample size respondents to be used in the study
Population category
Population
Sample size
20
Men
300
38
Women
200
12
Total
500
Source Krecie and morgan (1970)
50
Sampling Procedure
The study have been used simple random sampling procedure because this kind of sample
ensures that each and every member of the population under consideration has an equal chance
of being selected as part of the sample to respond the value additions of agricultural product and
their economic contribution More over the researcher has chosen purposive sampling to select
women who are farm owner from the rest of the other women who have not but use farming
technique although of the nature of data and information needed and the researcher wants to get
the key informants of this study.
Research Instruments
The study used a standardized self-administered questionnaire as a tool of collecting data and
also use interviews because the sample consisting literate and illiterate people .Questionnaire is
carefully designed instrument written, typed or printed for collecting data direct from the people.
The selection of this instrument has been guided the nature of the data to be collected, the time
available as well as the objectives of the study. Close-ended questionnaire, open ended and
interviews were employed to collect the required data of this study to examine the value
additions of agricultural products and their economic contribution
Questionnaire
The respondents where consisting both literate and illiterate people, so that the researchers
prepared questionnaires intended to collect information those who could read and wrote, because
questionnaires help getting a lot of information with in short period of time.
Interviews
Since some of the respondents were illiterate and couldnt understand what about the
questionnaires, the researchers took them with interviews, so as to give them the chance to
present information.
Sources of data
a) Primary source
Primary data was collected by using questionnaires, observations and interviews. The
questionnaire consisted the questions intended to answer the questions related to the objectives
of the study and questions about general knowledge.
21
b) Secondary source
Secondary data was obtained from different sources done by other scholars who were not direct
observant or participant in events described. These sources include articles published books from
the internet, although the scholars who wrote this topic is lower but we get previous document
from the Google
Data Analysis
Data being collected was organized and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS) software after sorting and coding the questionnaire. Quantitative data is presented in
form of statistical graphs, bi charts, bar charts and correlation as appropriate.
Research Limitations
During the collection of the information of this research we met several complications which
banned to get further more information like shortage of time which was faced while we were
conducting and it was only three months to complete research a part from that we didnt get so
many secondary data which exactly would describe and support our study because we would not
get any other researchers which presented this study before. The only source that we mostly
depended on was having and taking an interview from the target populations, making sometimes
observations on the fields in the area study and the use of internet which are secondary sources
except the observation.
Finally the most the biggest limitations we met during this study there was no one who had or
written any theses or record book keeping about our topic before and it became more difficult to
complete
22
INTERPRETATION
Introduction
Part one
Socio-demographic profile
The respondents or of the study had different demographic profile for
example different sex, age, marital status, living place, occupation and
educational background. The presentation of respondents profile is shown
below
23
Frequency
Percentage%
Male
38
76.0
Female
12
24.0
Total
50
100.0
List of graphs
Graph no: 1
Fig1 indicates that 38 (76%) of the respondents were males and the
remaining 12 (24%) were females. This verifies that the majority of the
respondents were males as they dominate the respondents
24
Frequency
Percentage%
20-25
12
24.0
25-30
20
40.0
30-35
10
20.0
35-40
4.0
40-45
8.0
45-70
4.0
Total
50
100.0
GRAPH NO:2
Fig 2 indicated the total respondents were 50 were between age is 20-25
(24%),where between are 25-30 40% were the age between 30-35(20%)were
age between are 35-40(4%) where between age 35-40 (8)and( 4%)were age
between 45-70 finally the majority of respondent between age 25-30 ( 40%
25
Percentage%
Single
30
60.0
Married
10
20.0
Divorce
4.0
Widowed
16.0
50
100.0
Total
Fig 3 indicated the respondent were 30 (60%)single were 10(20) are married ,were 2(4%) are
divorced and were 8(16%) are widowed this fig shows the majority of
He respondent were single and dominated others
26
Percentage%
2-15years
30
60.0
15-40years
20
40.0
Total
50
100.0
GRAPH NO: 4 shows how long have you been living here
This fig shows how long have been living here were respondent 30(60) living 2-15 years and
where 20(40%) are between 15-40 years the majority of the respondent where between 2-15
27
Frequency
Percent
Urban
35
70.0
Rural
15
30.0
Total
50
100.0
The fig 5 indicated living place of the respondent where 35(70)living urban and remaining
15(30%) living in rural area the majority of respondents living urban area
28
Percentage%
University
25
50.0
Secondary
10
20.0
10.0
Primary
10
20.0
Total
50
100.0
Intermediate
The fig also indicates that 25(50%) of the respondents were reached at
University level, 10(20%) of the respondents were reached at Secondary
level, 1o(20%) of the respondents were reached at Primary/ and were
5(10%)Intermediate level the majority of the respondent where university
leve
29
Table 7 occupation
Occupation
Frequency
Percentage%
5
10.0
professional person
11
22.0
Farmer
14
28.0
Student
20
40.0
Total
50
100.0
30
as they were living in urban area of borama district , while others business
persons , farmers and professional person
Frequency
Percentage%
18.0
18.0
32
64.0
Total
50
100.0
This fig indicated the important value addition of agricultural product in economic
contribution where the respondents 9(18%) answering reduced unemployment were
9(18%) increase demand of the market and were 32(64%) answering increase income
31
of the farmers, the majority of the respondents were answering increase income of the
farmers
Frequency
Percentage%
Determing what
consumers want
11
22.0
13
26.0
Encouraging trainning
farmers
20
40.0
12.0
50
100.0
Total
32
This fig indicates the question How we starting agricultural product that added value in
economic were respondents 11(22%)answering Determine what consumers want, were
13(26%)answering Creating high value agricultural product ,were 20(40%) answering
Encouraging training farmers and were remaining answering enhancing soil fertility, the
majority of respondents were answering encouraging or training farmers
Percentage%
Climatic factors
19
38.0
10
20.0
Foreign aid
14
28.0
14.0
50
100.0
Infrastructure problem
Total
33
This fig indicated this question What is the factors effecting local value addition of
agricultural products were19(38%)of respondents answering climatic factors, were
10(20%) answering poor demand of market,14(28) answering foreign aid and were
remaining answering infrastructure problem the majority of the respondent answering
climatic factors
Percentage%
17
34.0
Training farmers
26
52.0
14.0
50
100.0
Government police
Total
34
This fig indicated how to improve standard live of farmers were 17(34%) answering increase soil
fertility were 26(52)answering training farmers and were remaining answering government
policy 7(14%) the majority of respondents were answered training farmers
Percentage%
Yes
35
70.0
No
15
30.0
Total
50
100.0
35
36
Frequency
Percentage%
12
24.0
23
46.0
15
30.0
Total
50
100.0
This fig indicated the respondent were asked this question how to creating value addition of
agricultural products were 12(24%) respondent answered producers are member of food
company were 23(46%)answering innovation new products and were 15(30%) answering
enhancing product characteristics .the majority of respondent were answering innovation new
products
37
Percentage%
14
28.0
24
48.0
12
24.0
Total
50
100.0
The question ask the respondents is how the value additions of the agricultural products increase
demand of the market where respondents maintains 50 respondents were 14(28%) Customer
base expanding, where 24(48%) Producers received greater portion of revenue and
remaining where answering Producers receive strategic advantage in market place the
38
Percentage%
Applying biotechnology
18
36.0
Food engineering
22
44.0
10
20.0
Total
50
100.0
39
This graph indicated what are the additional opportunity for increasing value of agricultural
products where respondents 18(36%) applying biotechnology, where 22(44%) food engineering
where 10(20%) answering restructure food distribution system
Finally the majority of respondents where answering both applying biotechnology and food
engineering
Percentage%
Yes
44
88.0
No
12.0
50
100.0
Total
40
This graph shows question asked the respondents Value additions of agricultural products
increase income of farmers were respondents 44(88%) answered YES and remaining
small numbers 6(12%)NO, the majority of respondents YES the question is y
Percentage%
Yes
47
94.0
N0
6.0
50
100.0
Total
41
This graph interpreted the question is the increase income capital of farmers increase economic
level were respondents 47(94%) answering yes and were small numbers of remaining answering
NO the majority of respondents answering yes the question is yes is the increase income of
farmers increase economic level
1. Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production or
through image and marketing. Value added agriculture is a process of increasing the
economic value and consumer appeal of an agricultural commodity. It is an alternative
production and marketing strategy that requires a better understanding of the rapidly
changing food industry and food safety issues, consumer preference and effective
management. It may not be inferred that value addition, means only processing a raw
42
material into some form of canned food. There are various ways of adding value to a
commodity. Further , in a country like India, the scope of Value addition is mind-boggling
for the reason of availability of raw material as well as the large market size. In the paper
presented here, an attempt is being made to study the sector of Value addition in
agricultural products adding value is the process of changing or transforming a product
from its original state to a more valuable state that is preferred in the marketplace. Market
forces have led to greater opportunities for adding value to raw commodities because of
increased consumer demands regarding health, nutrition, and convenience as well as
technological advances that enable producers and processors to produce what consumers
desire. Producers involved with adding value are striving for a larger share of the food
dollar by producing what consumers demand, instead of producing only raw
commodities. Adding value to products can be accomplished through innovation and/or
coordination. Innovation focuses on improving existing processes, procedures, products,
and services or creating new ones. Industrial innovation is processing traditional food
products into nonfood uses. Coordination involves arrangements along the food chain.
2. Adding value is the process of changing or transforming a product from its original state
to a more valuable state that is preferred in the marketplace. Market forces have led to
greater opportunities for adding value to raw commodities because of increased consumer
demands regarding health, nutrition, and convenience as well as technological advances
that enable producers and processors to produce what consumers desire. Producers
involved with adding value are striving for a larger share of the food dollar by producing
what consumers demand, instead of producing only raw commodities. Adding value to
products can be accomplished through innovation and/or coordination. Innovation
focuses on improving existing processes, procedures, products, and services or creating
new ones. Industrial innovation is processing traditional food products into nonfood uses.
Coordination involves arrangements along the food chain. Horizontal coordination entails
pooling or consolidation from the same level of the food chain. Vertical coordination
involves contracts and agreements along different food-chain levels. A coordinated effort
increases market power, which likely will continue to increase in the future. Vertical
integration aligns and controls price, quantity, quality, and transactions. Cooperatives are
positioned to further integrate into food processing with thorough planning and
implementation through the process of value-adding business ventures. Adding value to
farm products becomes vital for rural growth by enhancing farm income and providing
employment in processing businesses. However, before producers examine value-added
processing and marketing, cost minimization in production has to be achieved. Adding
value cannot replace the efficiencies of production attainable through technology and
economies of scale
43
Value Added is the sum of total income and indirect business taxes. Value added is the most
commonly used measure of the contribution of a region to the national economy, as it avoids
double counting of intermediate sales and captures only the "value added" by the region to final
Products
44
3. Spray the leaves of the plants with a liquid fertilizer to deliver nutrients more
directly to the plant. Common organic sprays are liquid kelp or fish emulsion,
and there will be many inorganic commercial sprays available at any gardening
store.
4. Mix compost into the soil before the growing season begins. Compost is an ideal
way to reintroduce valuable nutrients into the soil, and is made by allowing
organic matter to mix and rot in some sort of container. Something as simple as a
bucket will do.
5. Add a layer of mulch to the soil after planting to help retain water and forestall
the growth of weeds. Popular mulch ingredients are grass cuttings, fallen leaves
and compost. There are also commercial plastic mulches available if you do not
have access to enough natural mulch.
6. Use row covers to get an early start on the planting season and possibly squeeze
in an extra crop rotation. You can use greenhouses, simple A-frame structures
with plastic stretched over them or even just a good layer of mulch to help protect
crops from damage done by low temperatures.
45
Government recommendation
1. Help farmers seeds, fertilizers ,pesticides and give farmers subsidiary
2. Investing farmers to produce more value products
3. Providing good extension which contributed farmers knowledge and skills to increase
production of farmers
4. Making policy to increasing local productivity of awdal region
5. improving of agricultural products to increased income of the farmers
6. control foreign aid when the farmers produced good agricultural products
7. training farmers by providing technologies to improved production level of farmers
8. develop agricultural commodity
Recommendation of processors
Reference
1. Adding Value to Farm Products: An Overview www.attra.org/attra-pub/valueovr.html
2. Adding Value to Farm Products: An Overview www.attra.org/attra-pub/valueovr.html
46
14.FAO (2001) World Markets for Organic Fruit and Vegetables - Opportunities
for Developing Countries in the Production and Export of Organic
Horticultural Products. International Trade Centre Technical Centre for
Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, FAO, Rome.
15. Chemonics Int., Diagnostic mission to determine constraints to production and
exportation of high quality fruit from Rwanda. March-April 2002.
16.
18. Kraybill, D., and T. Johnson. (1989). Value-Added Activities as a Rural Development
Strategy. Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics
19.
Kasenge V, 2009. The sorghum value chain analysis. The case of
SSA-CP. LKPLS Research Report.
20. http://www.ehow.com/how_8318327_increase-crop-production.html
21.
48
Appendixes
Appendix 1: Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Dear Respondents,
We are students at Amoud University studying a Bachelor/degree of science in Agriculture and
Environment; this questionnaire has been prepared for data collection concerning about value
additions of agricultural products and their economic contribution case study awdal
region
Please keep in mind that the data you are provided will be used for academic purpose only and
shall be kept with utmost confidentially.
Therefore, you are kindly requested to answer the following questions fully and honestly
according to the best of your knowledge by ticking on the right option. Assistance will be highly
appreciated.
Thank you very much in advance
Yours sincerely,
By jama idle aden
And jama mahamoud jama
Candidates of Degree of science in Agriculture and Environment
Amoud University borama Somaliland.
SECTION 1: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS:
1. . Gender Male
Female
2. Age: 20-25
3.
Marital status:
4.
Living place:
25-30
30-35
35-40
Single
urban
above 40
Married
divorced
Widowed
rural
Educational level:
University
Primary
None
7. Occupation: Business person
Student
Secondary
Professional person
intermediate
Farmer
Other
49
10. What is the factors affecting local value additions of agricultural products
a)
b)
c)
d)
climatic factors
poor demand of the markets
foreign AID
infrastructure problems
50
NO
DATE
TASK
DURATION
51
1st-15th April
Introduction and
literature review
30days
15th-30th aprill
Chapter three
methodology
11days
1th-51th
Questionnaire
16 days
15th-30th may
Data collection
15 days
1st-15th-june
8th-17th July
Data analysis,
coding and
interpretation
And conclusions
and
recommendation
10days
52
Unit cost
per day
Duration
days
Total
amount
($)
20
($)
1
Printing,
photocopyin
g and
binding
10
Communicati 5
on and
Stationary
20
Assistant
30
Internet
60
60
Grand total
Curriculum vitae
130
7/14/14
53
Borame
0634490345
Email iidle2621@hotmail.com
Personal data
Name
Date of birth
----------------------------------------------------
1/8/1988
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
DATE
INSTITUTION
CERTIFICATE/DEGREE
2/10/2010-PRESENT
AMOUD UNIVERSITY
Bachelor agriculture
1/2/2012-PRESENT
Amoud university
Diploma BPA
2007-2009
ALAQSA
GCSE
2003-2006
Aloog
Elementary
Reference
Prof:abokor sh. Abdi dean of faculty agriculture and environment
Prof: yurub A.muumin head of office of the registration in Amoud
University, borame Somaliland
Mob: 0634422727
54
55