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I. INTRODUCTION
Substation Automation (SA) is a system to enable an
electric utility to remotely monitor, control and coordinate the
distribution components installed in the substation. Highspeed microprocessor based Remote Terminals Units (RTUs)
or Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are used for
substation automation and protection. These IEDs are installed
in strategic locations for collection of system data and
automatic protection of substation equipments. Data
communication between the control centre and IEDs in remote
locations and among the IEDs becomes an important issue to
realize the substation automation functions. Various protocols
are used for tele-control purpose, but none of them fully
support the interoperability among IEDs supplied by different
vendors in the substation. These protocols are Modbus,
Modbus Plus, DNP 3.0, and IEC 60870. Though these
protocols are used at utility level, these suffer from some
shortcomings. Modbus and Modbus Plus are suitable mainly
for serial data communication and not optimized for
communication over Ethernet. In DNP 3.0, data packet loses
its context. Data context provides association of data packet
with data element. DNP3.0 uses the IEC60870-5 defined
frame (FT3). Looking at these shortcomings, an American
standard has emerged in the form of Utility Communication
Architecture (UCA) 2.0. Further, some domain specific
features of substation have been added to UCA 2.0 to make it
suitable for substation automation and a new standard IEC61850 is finally evolved [1]. First version of this standard has
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
unit. Protection unit and Control unit are bay level devices.
Bay level devices collect data from the same bay and/or from
different bays and perform actions on the primary equipment
in its own bay.
Station level functions are of two types.
(i)
Process related functions act on the data from
multiple bays or substation level database. These
functions are used to submit the control commands
for the primary equipment (Circuit breakers) and
collect the substation data like voltage, current,
power factor etc. from the bay level devices. As
described above, each bay includes one primary
equipment such as transformers, feeders etc.
Interface related functions enable interactive
interface of the substation automation system to the
local station operator HMI (Human Machine
Interface), to a remote control centre TCI (Tele
Control Interface) or to the remote monitoring centre
for monitoring and maintenance TMI (Tele
Monitoring Interface).
(ii)
FIG. 1 DEVICES, NODES, CLASSES AND DATA
Station Level
FCT A
FCT B
Bay1
CT
Bay Level
PT
Protection
Control
Protection
Control
Bay2
Bay Level
Devices
Bay3
Process Level
Remote Process Interface
Sensors
Actuator
CT
Monitoring
& Control
Unit
CT
Protection
Unit
PT
PT
Bay4
Merging
Unit
CT
Bay5
Actuator
Bay6
Bay7
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
Control
Center
HMI
Engineering
4
Other
Other
device
Other
device
s
devices
Route
Station Bus
Ethernet Switch
2
Bay
Controller
Relay
A
Relay
B
Bay
Controller
Proces s
Bus
Modern
Switchgear
Modern
CT/PT
Relay
A
Relay
B
1
Modern
Switchgear
Modern
CT/VT
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Compatible
Logical Node
Class
Instances
[5]
[6]
Classes / types
Composite
Common
Data Class
MMXU1
1
PhV
Compatible
Logical Node
Instance
MMXU
1
WYE
phsA
Compatible
Data Class
Simple
Common
Data Class
CMV
cVal
[7]
[8]
Vector[MX] [dchg]
mag
Analogue Value
Float 32
Composite
Component
Data Class
IX. BIOGRAPHY
Ram Prakash Gupta received his B. E. degree in
Electrical Engineering from Gorakhpur University, India,
in 1984, and M. Tech., and Ph. D. degrees in Electrical
Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, India in year 1990 and 2003 respectively. He
worked as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the University of
Western Ontario, Canada from Oct 2004 to June 2005. He
worked as a Senior Research Engineer in Indian Institute
of Technology Kanpur from January 1994 to September 2004 and as a faculty
member in Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur from 1985 to
1993. He is presently working as a Deputy General Manager in the CG Global
R & D Centre of the Crompton Greaves at Mumbai in India. He has been
honored as an Adjunct Associate Professor by the International Institute of
Information Technology, Hyderabad in 2005. His research interests are in the
areas of power distribution automation, substation automation, power system
communication, software engineering, and IT application in power system,
and FACTS applications. He is a member of IEEE (USA), IEE (Japan),
Institution of Engineers (India) and IETE (India). He may be reached at
ramprakash.gupta@cgl.co.in
Basic Type
Data Attribute
Data Attribute
Component
MMXU1.PhV
MMXU1.PhV[MX]
MMXU1.PhV.PhsA
MMXU1.PhV.phsA.cVal
MMXU1.PhV.phsA.cVal[MX]
MMXU1.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag
MMXU1.PhV.phsA.cVal.mag.f
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