Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Essential Vocabulary
In Daily Life1
dhnnzruauirn EN
101
dzr~um$u~iluuard~n'dit6~1u~imds::~i3'~
~ai&giumwi~n~wduu'n~nw~d~~~im~~naiai?aiaouu~i~nuin'uziudit
~ouiMliuutilu3arujCulu~uamirn~n~~~~1d
ciimrnduu?aitnutdu~auum R i R m ~ i ~ i s mz.q~u
d
aI=imlnaBmb 'hlnra'
ds::nouni.niuunisnou?m EN 101 miuttmi W.R.2514 P U ~ ~ ~ J Q&t~u(liim
~UYU
dn.r.r?mriiuintiucd.ru u ~ t d m o i n m m ~ r n n i w i ~ u n q w ~ t n r n i w i ~ ~ ~ m ~ " l i ~ i ~ ~ u n
diud~uaR'ngmz~H'twuiraunommEiDuiiUq~n~~t~~rn~u$tTuuuouuci3nuiCu
vo
d'
nuhacu
iiu~~~ut3~u~nutuo~ittn::dz::1ummsoun~u1mz~~~s'iuds~0unw"urrgiu
niw~ojn~wif'unum
zau&~~d&urrgiudiu
7 Ch~u~mdsrBiiu
d'
~inumruoudizitdud~rdni~t~uu~~~n'tta::~msuns'iudz::~um~u~iu~~nda
d d
#IJ 7 dCmui~intzounliiau~~11ueu'u~odz::tnndiu
7 ~~au'ttuuZnH'.nuaoud7
~ l i t t a ~ s u n < i u m u ~ a u i n ~ o i n12" u~no~iludauniuaduund
12 iF;nwcurtr~u
duariuninkunlun~saoudniunifi $t3~~utu~a~~rhtmu2niimn"~
2 qn n u &
~nw7eiimauGau
a h ~udauIn~n~iuniu~auinzoi~~dnrun
~duuuZnht~ot*un'nwr~tn::
d d'
mnu~6iul?uinsdtdonis~3uu~nizqm
mzhu anrnizt~uuluzr~ungua~dold
~t3iiari~m~zrh~tuuAnCmqnttuuAnCm
unrms~~taaduri7utdu~au
dizitdudfl@uu 3 nu l o
za.i'a3 vraiaud 8uuund 1 - 4
sa.ms.kan t v k w i h thur~nd5 - 8
d
sa.ms.srfim nsYwu'roun 14umunn 9 12
$t~uuaououqru~cul~~zu'Qnn'iu~~ouni~'5~~niwio'unqw~~~r:niwi~~a
ad'
a: w ,
n I ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ r d ~ ~ d ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ zaunu
~ u orruhar@dautdua
f i ~ i t n ' ~ ~ ~ R ~ i ~
hqniiu
1.3 W O & S ~ ~ ~ U ~ U
uuu3nGfiiYiuun
d
YMM 2 d 1 ~ 1 1 1 6 1(DetkrminersJ
~1~
'I I M ~
3 dinrr~uirr(Pronouns)
( a d s ofpronoun)
3.1 dsarnnu~~dinsrwuiu
?\
fll5%#t755W~lU
one, ones
d I2
3.3
ni~14di1~11diCl
Determinefs
Pronouns
dinr rnum~ldi5wda
irr (Interrogative Pronouns)
3.4 d5:I?l.4%~155~
U'IU(Relative Pronouns)
LY
3.5 dinsrwwiurrawi~(Dem~mtrati~ePr~n~uns)
und 4 diqt~&td
(~djectives)
4.1 8f1tl(U1~84dlq(Uhd
4.2 d 5 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ ( U i h l of
d (Adjective)
Kinds
4.3 rnr~irdi~~~~dtuordiq~a"wM'
(orden of Adjective)
~ 1 ' U l used
~ as nouns)
4.4 d l q ~ f i d d ~ # L ~ ~(Adjectives
~ruuillnCfis-ru
mi
thfliUl (Verbs)
197
5.2
210
f l ? ~ i ~ % 5 5 0(Ditransitive
1
verbs)
215
ofl55~fl?Ul(Intransitive verbs)
217
225
niuihuldurm:n3uid3u~"a
7.3
261
d
f l i 5 1 k ~v. + ing ~ f l ~ ~ i ?
1 h ~
9
27 1
279
f l ? ~ l d ~v l+~infinitive
h ~ with to
280
.In?!8 difl?~i?6flNd(Adverbs)
U M 9
~
23 5
29 1
n~i~flo~n#o~ua1d~:6iu~~azdin?ui
(Agreement of Subjects and Verbs)
325
330
unn 10 d5:1ufIdU?
(Simple Sentences)
z d l ~ ~ d 5 zsimple
l ~ n sentences
d
UVIM 11 ~ ~ : ~ u ~ I P ~ ?(~orn~ound
~ o J ~ ? sSentences)
J
d
unn 12 dr:hnn?iu.bou
(Complex Sentences)
363
370
379
393
12.1 ~ f l p l f ~ : d ~ : ~ u n ~ l ? i u # o u
397
40 1
412
upli 1
~ U I (Nouns)
U
~d ~ splu
~nnau$
,
nl t3 61J w ~ ' hesitation, self-doubt, uncertainty, role,
plagued, predecessors, unaffected,affection,
prosperity
nid?uifl.roi h u l u (Nouns)
title
d7unriJ
first lady
qma~dnuiotaan&
hesitation
n1515o malukm
American woman
m"s~u^sn'~
d~s~7uiEu8
role
--
predecessors
@idou ~6ngilurhi~cr$umun'u
1 '
rh t~uudsrmui8u#a~C~o~~3ni
a housewife
election
the first
tlz/&u
m5tbon&
the affection
h3ius'nlmf
a nation
znG dsgmnqG
the President
lke
Mamie
the self-doubt
uncertainty
, I
I!
I
Eisenhower
Mamie Eisenhower
m-riu~~ttu~~~~~rn
It
m~iultj~~U)u~u
unuin
a:
Fl54LL5tl
peace
prosperity
1. hesitation (n.):
n i ~ 3 5 o ~77~64la
Ex:
Ex:
law.
(~rmznnulu'~~iuauni.jnis~~o.j
~o'nusiR~ul~nduld~"suun~~uiuio)
4 . role (n..): unuin
Ex: I'm not going to plague you with a lot more questions.
(~oaFi~Z~m~a~o6?urniuTn)
nqsuuarnia~is teaching
d ~ u l u(Noun) Ao niC1t8uBoa~qmu 8msli
&am
~n~ud
dcr
I . Common Noun ~ B I U ~ V ~ W
HN
~ ~) ~ o P~ M
~ U ~ U ~ L ~ U U O L ~ ( ~ ~ R
'
rO
U ~
~ ~ : T ~ J ( I The
A singer is singing a song.
(u"n+b~fi~&5a~~wns)
d~WU~LQW):~JMAU
8d
~?mduud7u~ids-~nnd~:ol'~4~~ol'~63~1~3o'nvs1~~
(CapiM
kam mud
letter) LElUO
had14
d a ~ Patchara,
~
Somchai, Peter, Elizabeth
~ D R O ~ U C ( LGQU S i m Square, Soho, London
dad5s~ns Thailand, Singapore, &many, F m e
Y
dh
'idA7~7nd~u~u~ii~fluq(u~wn'
~ R ? ~ U ~ V I I % ds:mrntl~a~~~~n$~ds:~nfl
8u 7 ~ua:au7ak rnrnfha'finhu n 7 s d ~ c l u 3d d' d. 7 u a ~ ~ $ 7 ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ' i t i u i l
(suffix) Rw 7 ~ i ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ d d ~ u ~ d d 7 I d t a u f l l t i
4aadIu
U
Afiica
Afilcsn
Alaska
Alaskan
1 Algeria
1 America
Asia
1 Algerlan
1 American
Asian
I
I
1 Australia
I Australian
Bolivia
Bolivian
.'
Cambodia
1 Cuba
I India
1 Indonesia
Cambodian
Cuban
Indian
Indonesian
Nigeria
Nigerian
Panama
Panaman
Persia
Persian
Russia
Russian
Venezuela
Venezuelan
( ' l d d ~ ~3 ~h~ ~1 f fp a n a m a n f a n )
Brazilian
Belgium
Belgian
Canada
Canadian
Ecuador
Ecuadorian
Egypt
Iran
Egyptian
.Norway
Norwegian
Panama
Panamanian
Peru
Peruvian
Ukraine
Ukrainian
Iranian
tGud9?'U
ddfl
- ish ~
- ish
Britain
British
Denmark
Danish
England
English
Finland
~innish
Ireland
I&
Scotland
Scottish
~ U ~ ~ W U I U ~ # ~ U ~ B U ~ I D D ~ ~ ~ B
Spain
Spanish
Sweden
Swedish
, Turkey
Turkish
~ 6 U a ~- lese
h - nese - ese n ~ 7 8 d 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ i ~ l l d 6
Bunna
Burmese
Ceylon
Ceylonese
China
Chinese
Congo
Congolese
Japan
Japanese
Java
Javanese
Lebanon
Lebanese
Nepal
Nepalese
sim
Siamese
vietnain
Vietnamese
tAuJo,'a
Bengal
Bengali
Iraq
Israel
Iraqi
Pakistan
Pakistani
Punjab
Punja bi
Yemen
Yemeni
- i fliil.iiu~uGiald$
Israeli
rfiuiloo'u - o
7'he Philippines
Rilipino
rAulIs4'a - ic
Iceland
Icelandic
rdd~uZdr5uadwdu
Afghanistan
Afghan
Argentina
Argentine
Belgium
Belgian
Denmark
Dane, Danish
1 Switzerland
I Dutch
1 Swiss
Thai
Thailand
:I
i;
,I
.I
'itT1u7uuq~fh6(Proper Adjectives)
q t ~ h n '(Common
~74~1019~dl~~tll~l~-
t w n d 7~~tlnnucluiu&dtdo~ifiu
~~
Proper Adjectives
07%
Rome) = ~ ~ G U ~ S Uitalic
R I type (97n Italy) = s i ? % u ~ u h ~ chinaware
ou
(9ltl
China) =
LP%.~ULR~OUIULWI
0 1 ~ ~ ~ congo
~ 0 9 8 ~
a6
Common
~fi~ G
India
uw
M%" %
Indian
a ~ ink (JTI
Adjectives ~ w h f i ~ ~ ~ d ~ n ~ ~n
India) = nu'na~cl~du
$IIU~ULLR-~I$JManila paper (97n Manila) = nsrcnma
v
li7mia
3. Collective Noun ( H ~ / w u ~ N )~ u l U S 4 c h u l ~ 6 ~ ~ 7 7 u ~ u l U ~ t l f l 4
nlju ad
U
075
w7n
(Aiuiuaijrd~r~~.nuau7~uinni7
I & (air mu WI) iuld
faculty (m7973d)
w a o
u~umnyau~udsrmnClauiuS~
njuum~u C5 SiJuou LLBZ
d'
rysuiu~adid~~~ni~6~~n~.a'6~~~~nu~uo~n'u~aiuru~
0,
mz94ill~un~uuo~Ru~"s0#0)i
H ~ o d 4 ~ 0 4 d S ~ l lf%l J~r l1
i i ~ Collective Noun
Collocations
Collective Nouns
army
band
Translation
of Common Nouns
d
of soldiers
wni~nsqnu4
of singers, musicians, G i o s Cnnum3aaswds
outlaws
{<iunijundq
basket
of fruit, fruits
bench
soldiers
magistrates
an
I battalion
girls
keys, grapes,
bananas, flowers
bevy
bunch
bunch
garland)
bundle
flowers
class
cloud
clump
dirt
cluster
stars, flowers,
people, bananas,
animals, coconuts
company
constellation
crowd (throng,
concourse)
division
soldiers, actors
fleet
chain (range)
(brood)
I
I
I
I
catch
(bouquet,
walh~n$inds
stars
people
soldiers
a
a
gang
group
of
workmen, prisoners
~~au'nOn~ndu~fh
people, animals,
nunj u ~ J ,
n(u~&
islands
Q.I~~u& mi:
grove
of
trees
heap
of
stones
fllI~~014~d.~
iuna4~if.~
herd
of
k h HZ
RSIU@H~~
buffaloes
a
hive
of
bees
JY d
W4SUHU.J
horde
of
savages, lucusts
)IUIIILCI~M~U
pack
of
cards, hourids
pair
of
shoes, trousers
regiment
of
soldiers
s~utnqwwni~~nnnmmha&
nH73n~4~R~if.J
stack
of
wood
l$no.~~d.~
staff
of
teachers
~~4~
(RN"&)
~64
school (shoal)
of
fish, whales
J K I ~ ~ Hdam
& W&H$
set
of
tools, cards
L R ~ ~ D ~ J O '~ lR d
H ~h
sheaf
of
arrows, papets
shower
of
rain, applause
species
of
birds, animals,
gnffshndr ns:~iw~au~&
h1/1~&
~8usd~~Ja$nnd4
"
un rl.5 uua4wirtfndr
'
&LLQIU@H~U
I ~ ~ ~ Iqu'~;bntdadq~&
~ u w ~ ~
V
~~~h
insects
a
squad
of
soldiers, polirrmCn
string
of
camels
ihns H I ~ J U H ~ ~
g y ~ ~ ~ n &
swarm
of
bees
&+HL
team
of
football players
~nv/nuaa~unih
tribe
of
people, citizens
troop
of
boyscouts, soldiem,
nu~d~nil.~
g n t n nw~qnmn&
horsemen
a
tuft
of
grass
WH;I
nnisu'7nosnii.J
d
nryinszgnnu4
d i l o d i ~ d s ~ T u ~~a $uai ~u
grass.
(djl6hd~llnZfi7$966a~6~81~.9$7)
uiunFjuwli
n"u il"ljLdduiu
91
PY
~~ouu~r1~o'auiu1~n::ifiu"~nn5"~1~d04ni~iinmui0nwQu'~lnr
wywodumdiu~u
PY d
4 . Material Noun (?@~v?u)
~ I U I ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ~ U P ~ ~ ~ U ~ D ~ Q I ~ L
lntlr IOJLL&
~ ~~~diuiuff~iilu~&~w~i::~::~u'~~nm~~i~'1~n'u'~16
n 7
L L ~
uaq~
~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ i ~ ~ i o ~ i u l ~ s ~ i ~ n ' ~ oi ai u
~ i~wf i' nu aI ut h* 1~di~?uz6jmUY
6~ d 4 i i
o r u ~ n ~ ~ ~ i u u i n h u(quantity)
f i u ? ~ IU~~QIU~M
(number) ~ I U I U ~ ~ ~ G & . J
IfiLdunfinolii4ad~ii Mass Noun IuI~
Count Noun Uar Mess Noun Q:~UT#
article JiaUY')
,
he$14
Mass Noun
air
oinifl
brass
no~r~do.~,
bread
UUU&
clay.
8uu~~
1I
cloth
w'7
coal
filu
m4u
flour
Huon
furniture
fog
glass
gold
ink
d i ~ ~ n
leather
oak
~lh#m.3
b'J'J8m
oil
rice
&?&?
silk
silver
1%~
smoke
smog
vuonm?'u
soil
steel
~wfin
water
wheat
fia~rr$
wood
wool
auam.3
Yarn
zinc
#4nril
lead
mud
nsron uri?
I
t
diu~u~sztnnif;:ua6qerai~t0utonw;6 c d o ~ ~ ~ n ~ o ~ u i u ' u ~ d ~ ~
# f 8
onq
Kaua'~t~uB~uapdsn'-~lm
h a d i ~ m3.a' of - pattern dauanfiuiruaar Mass Noun
1. 'Lwniau-614 7 (containers)
d
~ ~ ~ Q H V J
a bag of rice
d
ws1EJq;rMw~
a bag of sand
d
uuzndawu.~
a box of rubbish
d
aaauz~3orn~um~u1
a bottle of catchup
1,~&1-19dhl-~m~d~
a bottle of w ine
two bottles of ink
iiwi3nao.ju-m
a cup of coflee
ni~~dfiu~d.1
two cups of tea
&uiaaqn'?u
a glass of milk
UOJLL&W~.J
five glasses of orangejuice i
i2iu iurii
d
bbUOJ'U3GlMMQ
a jar of jam
iimiaaa4ao.J
~o packets of sugar
a tube of toothpaste
EJI%~M~FJG~H~~
two sacks o f f o u r
~ti3qaa~qq
2. ' L w ~ a i u ~ u i s a a r & mar C (measurement)
a foot of ribbon
iuifu~rnnd~
a kilo (kilogram) of meat ~.au r n m ~ a w d u
Y
&a~nan;r~~n
a gallon of gasoline
riiikunaaoundq
1t
I
11
thirty lit-
(AE liters2 of
&u'uwu8u8as
*I
I
'
~~uf2vcuhif.J
I
I
a pound of flour
u&c]audn&
I
I
(1
five spoonf~ls
of sugar
~iainfi~ou
$1
a yard of rope
donnn7~dq
a bar of soap
a~6ounifJ
iron~nuaaaoquviq(6u)
a drop of water
iinum~dq
~IM~~~D.JHUA
an ear of corn
a'77'lwdnndq
a grain of rice
;I~LU~GIH&
a head of lettuce
w'nnihii?nif.r
a loaf of bread
a lump of coal
two lumps of sugar
a piece of wood
a piece of meat
two pieces of cake
three pieces of paper
aodnuriqwdq
( i i i m i a 2 flanirreriuuL)
2. A cup of coffee is enough for me,
(nirrvl 1 ci?uriuqwoihwz'un'u)
3. Five glasses of orange juice are worth one hundred baht.
(JIL&
uanoinri7~~11~rt~iu?u
(numerds) viit 7 u s u ~ i i i n ~ i u i u d
d d
uanhu?u (quantifiers) du 7 D ~ ~ U O ~ ~ ~ UMars
I N ~
Noun
~ O1
J
6
Quantifiers~ ~ u ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ? ~ N ~ ~ u I ~Mass
~ ' oNoun
~ ~ ~ " P : : ~ I H M
a lot of, many, much, a few, few, a little, little, every, each, all,
most, both, half, some, any, no, plenty of, a great deal of, enough
I have much sugar in the jar,
u
4:
(auuuimauinlunac[n)
~N~%YN::
(F)?IU;
R?IUJ~U)
rnsnsrrii 7
~ 7
4'
uui~ddiuiutaunun'uiloC(SUIXX)pltu
5.1 97n6ln?ai + ~ o < u- a1
arrive
deny
propose
refuse
+
+
+
+
arrival (niruih)
denial (nisdfima n i m u ~ h )
proposal
(~'EIIUUD)
refisal (nirdaras)
diqcudiun' .n%~
9 1 f l 6 1 f l ~ U l+
hkl
complete
completion (mud1
direct
+ direction (Sfln7.r)
~ m u n u y s d m'saUqR)
examination (nisnau)
inform
admit
_, permission
permit
8 l f l 6 3 f l ~ U+
l a848
(n7sayqjiw)
- ment
appoint + appointment
( ~ 1 5 ~ R ~ ~ i t l )
entertain
entertainment ( n i s ~ a u ?niss'u'sn.r~~un)
~
establish
-+
fulfil (I)
govern
punish
-b
(m'sadnkt)
punishment
9inAiniial +
il~C- JJ
9 1 f l d l f l ~ U l+ 4 8 k I
fail
please
press
- "re
failure (n?iu~u~da?i
+
+
pleasure . (n?iuwdo)
pressure
( ~ 7n1
n<u)
~
- hood
brother
-b
child
+ childhood
+ monkhood
monk
brotherhood ( n n u ~ ~ u d ~ a . r )
(nmu~aur8n)
(~~~u'lufu~wfl)
friend
partner
salesman
+ salesmanship
leader
(mnuQriubiT'u ~!hfurhuh)
partnership
leadership
~3fld3~30
+ 1gP<tY
(nisuiu ~nmiimnisui
u)
bil~$i)
( ~ 7 1 ~
- ism
alcohol
alcoholism (Tsn~w~rn
da%)
hero
heroism Osnssu)
+ nationalism (m5iiuu
P ? ~ ~ ? A N S ~ W+$ UP% - acy
national
5.3
~nwaraum6)
+ delicacy
(m?iuuauuw m?iunrisumm1iu
dougou)
n ? i u l n a ~nu
intimate + intimacy (m?iu~iinauu
rjubmu)
~ 3 n d1 ~ ~ m+ f&6i~
' ~ 6 - ness
cleanly + cleanliness (m?iuaroim)
lonely
+
+
~one~iness(m?iuTmmmu? n~iurm"u?miu)
lovely
loveliness (n37udl?fl)
mad
sad
+ sadness (n?iubflji)
happy
happiness (m?iuqu)
d
o~ndiqolfi~irtn+
Usp'n
cruel
+ cruelty
- ty, - ity
(mnuqfiu)
honest + honstg ( n n d o 8 ~ ~
royal
w a #
royalty ( 6 l l b ~ ~ ~ n lnmd)
4~1~~
safe
safety (m-~iud~am~u)
human
-,
-,
humanity
peculiar
1.
(WJI~L~URU
uy~813)
peculiarity (tYnrrn::fi~m~arnir
aouddan
2.
(hrnvma'u~&~U'm~~diu~i?nuin'u~d~~o5j~~l)
3.
(ni5~diau6niiunud~buni5+ilH'~3iu
flu1u'j.u~#n~~u~'Su
4.
After a brief inquiry about the holid& he returned to the subject of music.
(~~jqinni~niu
7k
L l~
5.
~ U ~ ~ ~ T U H Lvif;?T;n~~~uidauvoumucnt8fl)
~ R G ~ ~ ~ D U
(ulu~iuAm~6~ndi~um-ii~::ol'~lun'u~~n~)
8.
7.
People who suffer from alcoholism can't stop drinking large quantities of
alcohol.
(~ud~flu1~m~u~~i~~as'u1u'ai~~::~q61du~~n'idiu~uuin
7 I&)
8.
Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy of its staff.
(uui~1~~n~~~ulH'miu~~lil~1.x1n~mn'u~~iu~~mI*s~~~n::~~iu~nol'ouvour
9.
(ciui~dnuuinuriAnnuldniuluu0ml~Qnh~nu~wui)
10. He had been unable to escape the cruelties of war.
(~ailu'muisnsombnn~~iuI~a~du~ni~m~unum5iu)
Id
~ 1 ~ ~ ~ l ( 1 l l ~ ~ ~ i / d ~ ~ R ~ ~ " s ~ ] ~ ~
- ian $wi)eriie.s
~'IZMIR
de~u
+ European (maqhd)
Europe
Shakespeare + 6h13kespearian(rean)
luRul41tI4)
- ee r i l s i ~ n i a i
r l u i l o h - ant,
( ( L ~ ~ I ~ c ~ ~ ~ E I ~ ~ I E N
+ mistant ( i d x ~ )
+ servant (RUYUMrj5'u'La")
assist
serve
+
+
employ
Pay
refer
employee ( g n h )
({~'uGu uu?uulu)
referee (nssums Cj6~18u(/?is'uuo u ~ u a )
payee
play
sing /
inspect
+ inspector
instruct
instructor
operate
+
+
operator (iquLR&P
dictate
rlrilo<tI
- ist
biology
dictator
(rjm'nn~ cdi~uidnn~aau)
(@QU EITQW~)
w u'nwuYuhiT~vf)
( { L G J # Q ~ ~ ~ rjuaohuan)
fiai7u7r
+
biologist (u'ngflnm)
chemistry -+
cbemist (linmj)
commune -+
communist (munuunaansfiouQaiiad)
dwa
piano
-+
pianist
violin
violinist (u'na'LaTolu
t%dh<l
- ian $lflqOddirn'
(u'nt8du)
H ? D ~ ~ U ~ W
el &tric
-+
1Ogic
logkian (u'nolssn3nu.l)
ttkhnic
tedrakiaa ( i q i ~ u ' i d m ~ a ~ )
Zbmy
m hit
-+
libr&ian (uqaluiind)
muskian (u'nnud)
pditic
+ po!itkian
(w'nnist~~4)
(8utn~n~.rtrldalcudauni.rau~auu~ciu~1in
slnwu~uhui
w a d - i~ ~5uwcnud#~3iwaiuii
- is")
6. Noun
- Equivalent ( ( i 7 ~ 7 U f ? U ~d~u~uthImdimuau"mtl~lqd7
~$)
1
d d
u#alu"L8~fIud7~7u
uR't7u7lfluhut~wn~muan'ui7~7u
iiuni7 l#~aihuadq
i7rCluA7u7u u 7 u ~ u ~ a ~ ~ a 7 ~ ~ s 7 n ~(phrase)
1 ~ ~ t ~UR:DY(I~:IUA
~10qa~
d
(clause) ~IGI
6.1
ta' to-
verb
infinitive L L O U A ~ U ~ U ~ U ~ 7~ L L M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
My ambition is to go to Australia.
(rniuds7sou-1aaqSuR'o
hlooaus~Su)
dcr
(ms~luduFlunmhwiuqol)
ii'aadlc
6.2.2 %uG!lbb~d9flSSaJ
f~dll
tiHdJ Complement
' Au
(ihn~uqndmu7uAomsuouidnn'u)
6.2.4
'1~dl~tMdiu~6uon~flln'flljfllt:
rdu good, bad, pwr, rich,
n ~ i u ~ u i u ~ ~ n i j u7 'Luknu
~nna~
hed7u
h ~ t ~ . r l j g i i ~ u a a dthepoor/therich,
w
thesmng/~w
e ed,
the privileged
hU~~lan~aU
the7sick,
h the wounded, the disabled, the
handicapped, the dead, the living, the injured
22
EN 101
6qefiia
2.
(Ins~r~anuun'aaznu42u)
3.
Theinjuredweretakenlohospital.
(w~n~~QpIi-;uu7~1~u~ni7d~~s~wa~via)
4.
5.
7. Only the brave deserve the fair. (brave men, fair women)
(yp$ h n i t y n ~ ~ ~ n ' p ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ u )
8. May God defend the right.
(ua~~ws-r<i~nfin~nud~nol'a~)
6.4
78
i1u1aJ~~
ii'-dafiia
*i
2. 1 don't know what you are talking about. (noun clause, object)
(ciUIJii~qturilriJ~m~::l~~d)
3.
tl~
>I
)1
(~::lddl~uiiihlJ$
4.
5.
*I
(ciuh~jlriii~~rldd1~u)
$1
1
t
(F~US~RJ~~LF~~~M~~~MP::~IJ)
7. Compound Noun ( R I V I U ~ ~ I67u7~~t1t~n-h
~U)
~ T U ~ U ~ S tau
ZBU
d
iI
I
s~unirua'?~eiuu~nt~u67t~u~n'u
(solid) ~du classroom
M~~SDE~B~~~UUUU~
6 - 9
&
darkroom
greenhouse, blackboard,
(&~R~III%&JJ~),
blackbird, shohand, hotplate, cheapskates (nuian), lighthouse, longboat, yellowjacket (a bee-like insect = (Ru?&~lfr~"n~)
7.4 Noun + Gerund 9rtd(luttuu hyphenate H%~IURA(~V~U
(61LD~an),
boiling water
Q @ u u uhyphenate
~~~ t d ~
passer-by (tramw;w~i~rrSupassers-by)
runner- up (uamw;wohrrau
runners-up)
I
nisn.~r#u.~ru'u~u'n
diuiudsaausrn~r#u.~
stress rruu /
w d
l o rnsn.~tBw~uir~unng~~.~uud~ucrsnu~l.~diuiud'iru
oiff ddrkrodm,
t6ilet paper
8. Agent Noun (679dl~dfi9d#fl~d7)r h u l umdkniiia~d
~~
1162
d
lurso~uo~
Concrete Noun kdu assistant, singer, biologisf, technician L ~ I U ~ U
diuiur~~ii~~raii~diuiu~muriidin"suidiuiu
ua:diq~(rWY/uir6uB~G.1
(suffix)sin 7 6.~1~n'ndnuih
TmaalJ h r n u & t ~ u d i d h ~ d u n t d ~ i n d ~ m l u n i s n d i ~ d o u d i
M ~ O ~ S E ~ ~ &R ~~ N~
Jsrmn
~8 fl43-J
~ N M%l
E
Exercise 1 Tell whether fie following nouns are Common, Proper, Collective,
Material, Abstract, Nbun Equivalent, Compound or Agent.
1. salmon
2. establishment
3. Korean
4. moose
5. cluster
6. leather
7. committee
8. soil
9. beauty
10.reading
A~u?uu'2
.........................,........
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
R'nwt~::iio
11,'rnob
1 2. boy scout
13. assistant
14. pianist
15. honesty
I 6. decision
1 7. bunch
18. Thai
19.coal
20. servant
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
si~u1uaiind~u16
(Countable Noun)
UR~~IU~U
d r i i i l u ~(Uncountable NO&
d1u~u~uniw?~nqw~s~n1~ttnn~~d~;~~u'63~n1~t6ud~F1"~n'1~k1
v i s o o ~ ~ ~ : a n n ~ n i u n ~ 5 1 d ~ ~ u t i ~ ~k1t ~us n~1s~ I1~~?6 s~ ~ J L ! u u ~ ~ ~ ~ u
v
a:
~$oqc;iutioui~hu~unCJ
8 aiindlniiuu~ituaquuil~7u7uaiinlrrjiqdnulso
u'ul6 utirozurn~w~rtorll6
t t ~ : d i u ~ a a i i n l n C u l ~ " I ~u~ l uu ' ~ o ~ ~ ~ % ~ n ~ ~ d
u a : d ~ u ~ u a i j n ~ n d ~ i A ~ u ~ ~ t ~ l ~ t t n n ~O~~dDw
~ D; w
? ~~U~A~I H
uS"OI ~~ 1B ~ U
$lul$riud7uiuifu 1 lnluldrinwd8u 7
1. Countable Noun 4 7 1 . ~ 75~d~~tnnoi~1ddt~u~7u7~du'ultil'
~~PL~WS~~I~
cAiuoud7u7ureu uoin~u~sn~ruii~fis3un'u1~un~un'au
ou?umaur~:orfiu
U
3. d 7 t l 7 ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 ~ 0 6 Countable
6 ~ ~ ~ ~ U6Rnr "Uncountable
J
Noun
3.1
~7~7alr/t~~sd575al
(Concrete Noun)
U
~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ U ' ~ ~ ~ ~ U
v d u
ILFIZIUU~~S)~~~ 7 ~ 7 ~ d 7 ~ # ~ 3 ~ ~ i f 8 7 9 9 ~ i ~ ~ d 7 ~ 7 ~ d u " ~ ' l ~ ~ f l i
aiiaviseqolnu%ao~&$u 7 ibu
The couple had a beautihl carpet in the bedmom, -+ (countable)
(airin~.iui~~riw5uda~uu7uilU,'Lu~~4uau)
?u
do
VJ u
iueitroua~&i?ir(i$aqnoiplaoniQuviou,$u)
I'll buy a whole chicken for dinner.
-+ (Countable)
( ~ Q ~ ~ I ~ M & ~ L ~ u D ~ H I ~ L ~ u ~
(Uncountable)
(h~~d~u'a'lnlu~d)
-+ (Countable)
-,(Uncountable)
(fi~~nh'Lduz~~arntr~fiu~i~isTdsmaa.~n'u)
3.3
1 Countable
5
URr ~ficoktebletU
o~n'ufi~iu~u~u~uicol'nru3un
(context)
my term papers
an iron (L~I%)
,
madeofiron (LMB~ m q ~ ~ A n )
tin (mq#qn)
(U.SIU)
(nsdm)
a down light ( ~ U ~ ~ U U U ~ . J L W ~ I U )
h)
(~dirwuo~if~n~d'o)
(uu~mqol~wileu~.'iu~d~.~#)
She won a red dress. (qtd~6l.J)
(rXorhduuuuffi~sunai.~Ciu)
an interesting experience
(d5:aunis&lrhWu1o~lu'i.~~d.~)
(tlsadunisdunir~u7u)
a drawing, a painting
(filW31GI, ~ ~ I W L ~ U U )
(rri.Jnuoi7u~itaniw)
heard n noise ( I ~ u L ~ ~ ~ I . J H ~ . J )
trafficnoise ( L ~ W ~ O )
(~~urnsaunuid~~utod~l.~wil.~) (~atl:~t~ni5mnui)
Badminton is a sport.
(uu~~u~iu~~u~iun~m~d.~)
a happy life
(8mdimnuqu)
Life is unfair.
(aim#uuaqianu)
~ M I ~ ~ ~ ~ M L L U U D L Ua 'can
~ ~of
' ~beans
~::'~~
3.4 d1uiundiio77~~uwono7iuf~ndiq
1 ~~~iludiuiudriu
ldn' aiR dislike, doubt, disgust, fear, hope, pleasure un'diuiu
tnriida7liin~iuwuiuriu1m~uuiqu~uw
tiu
(w~i~und~ntiaa~@'~u"fiai~~~~u~nduan'u~~~~~lu~i5m'm~~l~
(i1~#um1udda'ou1~'~4~umb3uld)
(rn~~na~dumiu~w~~~w~u~w"u~au'i~~~uaa~~~51)
d l
(w~nm-~lu'ihjunod~:s"uu,m~u,~~~~u
~4ur~~nun#ulou1n)
3.6 'Luniui~p~
nis$qaiw+15
d d
L V I S D ~ R U ~30~m~~uat-Tudiuia.d
uiild"lday'luniaul:uz tilu~utiluil~uazbtam~diuiun"od"u16
~du
(a glass of beer)
(&au~nozi(u~iul8ntbn'3wdq)
EN
101
(Twowps of coffee)
(Two spoonfuls of sugar)
29
3.7
diuiudrjul~lkzod"p1lo'61'iw~~iu~~
"rIszmnV nJo 6baiin99
aeqijy?u 7
(kinds of beer)
(~~u$wan~~~u4urdu$%~@b~uan"w~.~~um)
of grass)
(rincyiwaiudwnn)
Aiuiu
uncountable
diuiu damage &rau countable ~zwuiuB'~
bbGun~rrnu
2.
,
He received damages for his injuries.
(~ui16%~Guan~aubbnw
n'i~4umi
uuowi)
3.
diui u
knowledge
uaz
education
dau~w$t?r9u
uncountable cilljoaiu~uiuB~
"fi-riu$' ua:: "nisdnwiv bavh 7 1d rrsi
oiiin~iu~uiur~wi~~iliz~~wJo~~iuwuiul~n"alrIuinod"n~zr~uronw~u~o'
1. ke7n75u~uaiind~r
7 diim7u~u~uuenan7wnown7w
qoln'ounr~
ra r beauty, confidence, enjoyment, happiness, health, honesty, intelligence, justice, knowledge, luck, patience, pride, progress, significance,
truth, wealth
2.
a?a??m
674 7 biology, chemistry, economics, engineering, geology,
gemology, history, linguistics, literature, mathematics, psychology, theology
Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Persian, Spanish
3.
f17W
4.
LAN
5.
d
n75n5~6lM~isofiPn55~~674
7 ~ P Z i z verb
d
+ ing ll%fi~nj7gerund
7.
%?fie $.u2due~e t ? ~ i$% ("article) chalk, corn, dirt, dust, earth (Au),
hour, grass, hair, pepper, rice, salty sand, wheat
8.
U ~ J L M R ~ I I S7~ ~beer,
~ J blood, coffee, gasoline, honey, juice, oil,
porridge, shampoo, soup, tea, water, wine
9.
gold, ham, ice, lamb, paper, rubber, silver, .soap, toast, wood, wool
d
&lad74 table
countable
'
air
= uncountable
1 6. journey
2.
rubbish
17. jewelry
3.
camp
4.
fact
1.
18. fear
1 9. beer
.............
.
.
.
.
5.
harm
20. health
6.
cash
2 1. rumour
7.
coin
22. vehicle
8. storm
23. job
24. behavior
10. light
25. pleasure
.a. . . . . . . . . . . . .
26. chicken
12. fun
27. housework
\
I
13. luck
1 28. toast,
Y......................
...........................................
............................
..................................... ....
14. pity
, :*
29. hobby
n.............
15. noise
Exercise 3
"
30.fiuit
.......................................
......................................
.......................................
Aiu~u'lun~uiknquozu'nisrluJofi'un'~~A~
dntd~uut~daq~danq
diuiu L ~ J A I U ~ U L ~ U W ~ W I k~ ' u ~ u ~ m u d ~ ~ d ~ r ~ t a ~ w ~ w ~ u ~
-s, -es dnntiuq i s /
~ 3 /z/
e
M ~ D/az/
u ~ u u n ~ 7 i i h u 2 u r i n u d g-en
u oontiuq
n~uumqwvwlu'~mun7stddauriu~as::n7~'1w
ns t o n n d foot -,wtwou'
d
feet ronwsd mouse + wyw9u' mice tau& uudi~u'~rns~dauu-ttda~~dAi
L ~ D U ~ ~l ~~ 9
~ u
Q~'W1 fLOAWIG
i
fish
-, w ~ w ? Ufish,
( L O ~ ~ Wsheep
P~'
W ~ W S Usheep
'
nisdnuidnqnisuarnw ~ u ' a n ~ ~ 1 u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u d ~ ~ i ~ t 6
n ~ s t d d u u d i u ~ u ~ ~ n ~ d A t t a m ~ ~ ~ n w ~ lmuiinqiiid
u'~bu~dw~w~u'
d
d 7 u 7 u ~ 9 r ~ ~ ~ ~ d w ~ ~ 9 ~ " L 6 9 r Common
: ~ ~ ~ LNoun
~ u dL 7L R~~7 u % ~
Collective Noun
bunch
Ih:
L ~ ~ u El73
u
-,bunches
a book -,books,
~?U~IU~U%G@I~U
7 ~79ttfl(il~W
~wou"L~U'IQI,~ R ? T U M U ~ U
\
'
a o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s U ' ~ a ~ ~ n u ~ u ~ ~ m
tdun ~d D~L ~Q Y~ CMr.
d~ ~~ ~ n ~ d ~ l ~ ~
,Jmjth +H l H d the Smiths 9 L l l ~ T U f i ~ R S ~ ~ R ~
~ ~~ ~~ ~d~f l~ ?n Jf ~i i~i j b l ( l
u
h tanwsrl wood, light ~sij~munuiuii~
Iu' u a d n muheiu udh
I
ant
ants
book
books
CUP
cups
map
month
maps
months
staff
staffs
bag
bags
~ Q Y
boys
bees
bee
( conjunction
conjunctions
dog
dogs
egg
fan
fans
king
kings
log
mother
logs
nun
nuns
mothers
1 pencil
queen
pencils
river
rivers
star
van
'
queens
1.
bridge
bridges
/a21
nawiu
box
boxes
/az/
nhs
bus
buses
/az/
solud
buzz
buzzes
/az/
t~urh7
cause
causes
/az/
EnLvlq
clause
clauses
/az/
e y d s d u ~h d a u 7
face
faces
/az/
HUY?
house
houses
/az/
&u
kiss
kisses
/az/
3"
loss
losses
/az/
msgqtau n i s r b
nose
noses
/az/
~ y n
3. diu~uronrcoAruniu~i'3u
-y t t a r ~ ~-yh $uwtq.j~ur tdotddau
5 d d u d i u i ~ w ~ w 9 ~ ~ i o ~-yt dtQlu
d ~ u-i t i
twnzsliuakt8wmrdutflut~wlaw::(voiced)
U
~ ~ ~ n ' 3 -es
3 4 loontaw
~
/z/
baby
babies
/z/
r h msn
city
counny
cities
/z/
lhs
counmtnes
/z/
dsam~
duY
duties
/z/
f)75a
%Ifid
galaxy
ferries
flies
galaxies
gallery
galleries
PUPPY
story
strategy'
territpry
ladies
parties
puppies
stories
strategies
territories
ferry
frr
121
121
yn~mamf uwu
~ULLRU
cd
Id r w n m i un& ~#u~~s-mrflutiu~Twwz
rtiu bays, boys, days, guys,
donkeys, monkeys rflugu
de: d
d
2 ) diuiunrduaar~wi-na~w'iu&au
-y uaznd'i -y rauw$qjaur
fi&~u~-nnoliut8u
b k k ~ d d u u-y tflu -i IGr'rAu -s I'rau ~dlrMarys
($nasdnuu4naiu~u) Germanys (~uezuCol~Tuiuoonaazn:iuoln)
4. ' ~iuiutonw~lAnqfliu6au
-f nio -fe ~ ~ t d d u-funio -fe tflu
-v n'ou tta'a!.jrtiu -es oonduq IzI rwzi: Iv/ rfluriIfl~Twtt:
~iuqusonwod
1
l;iaumin
&asda
3
-es
caw
elf
half
knife
leaf
life
loaf
calves
elves
halves
knives
leaves
lives
loaves
121
IzI
121
lzl
lzl
121
121
an??
$5 d n 8 ~muuL
n%
u"tl
lerru"
8?n
L L ~(ueduuuil~)
?
{au
-
36
(U~JLUU)
-
EN 101
self
1 selves
sheaf
/z/
shelf
thief
wife
wolf
dwarf
hoof
scad
wharf
dwarfs
/s/
dwarves
/z/
flut~fl5!:
fiu~ar#u
hoofs
/s/
flu l#i
hooves
/z/
scads
Is/
scarves
/z/
wharfs
/s/
wharves
/z/
(~04fi)
ciifiqaJ1tla'
&W'U~~D
vilrfi~ufi~i
dit%
&$'tau dod~uutflu
strife
strifes
/s/
n?swzmiz??7n
Lw$
echo
echoes
hem
hems
mango
mangoes
negro
news
potsto
potatoes
tomato
tomatoes
torpedo
torpedoes
volcano
volcanoes
/z/
I OL~IIIV~
albino
albinos
banjo
banjos
bamboo
bamboos
cameo
cameos
canto
cantos
casino
casinos
commando
commandos
concertino
concem'nos
concerto
concertos (or
concemi)
cuckoo
cuckoos
curio
curios
dynamo
dynamos
ego
embryo
egos
embryos
espresso
espressos
gigolo
gigolos
folio
folios
kangaroo
kangaroos
kilo
kilos
logo
logos
magneto
magnetos
mambo
mambos
Octovo
memo
piano
pianos
uunnau 7
r n hL~EI'IU
photo
photos
gdhia
piccolo
piccolos
adaraasunau
portfolio
portfolios
ns~'ci1ir~)nrns
u3ui~)nrns
quang''
quangos
n~:nsu~sunisdiguia~'~n~tt~~i.~R.~~~'
~7117ulma5as::
quarto
quartos
radio
radios
ratio
ratios
solo
solos
soprano
sopranos
tango
tattoo
tangos
tattoos
tempo
tempos (or
I UFO (unidentified
1 flying object)
tempi)
UFOs
I Virgos
yobbo
yobbos
YOYO
YOYOS
l zoo
calico
I ZOOS
calicos,
calicoes
'=go
domino
cargos, cargoes
dominos,
dominoes
ghetto
ghettos, ghettoes
grotto
halo
glvttos, glvnoes
halos,
haloes
lasso
lassos, lassoes
memento
mementos,
mementoes
magnifico
magnificos,
magnificoes
mosquito
mosquitos,
mosquitoes
pinto
pintos,
pin toes
poJticos,
poJticoes
/z/
Ia2u8GI-3
r:
child
brother
6iuiuwgwob
oxen
children
brethren (dl
Tu-~I~)
alasoin
-en
diuda
?'a ( L W F I ~
ian I
/an I
/an I
~6n
iydw'os~axla15+au
Hiaui
7. r i ~ u i u u ~ ~ n ~ u ~ - t d ~ ~ u ~ d ~ ~ n ~ ~ u ~ uhun1.i
tanw~~t~uwyw~Pd
tdiuut3uqns-n7ulud7 & d a u l ~ ~ ~ - t ~ ~ m . r t d d u u r r d a ~ ~ ~ n d ~ u ~ a . r a n w ~ ~ d d d
aank3usazmaj (back vowels iriu / U, u /) r~udiuiuwyw~Pdd~~en
t B u ~ n s - ~ &vront vowels rdu / I$ i / a 5 foot
feet
I feet
foot
1 /u/+
1 /u/
1 g-
goose
1 lice
1 men
louse
man
mouse
mice
moth
teeth
woman
women
8.
I
I
/i/
+/i/
a u l + al/
/ ~ e/
+ /e/
/u,a/ + / ~ , a /
1m
I
I
1
)/7~
LMI M&
is
(I~U
1 @a
diuiuui.m~u~zu"~d
t#~-dn"~tu'a
b ~ ~ ~ i ~ i u t o n ~ q 6u t t a : : ~ ~ w q d
I antelope
banrrcks
barracks
corps
corps
cod
cod
crossroads
crossroads
deer
deer
elk
1 Ash
'
flounder
glouse
glouse
1 hening
1 headquarters
1 mackerel
pike
I dain:railth6iahrd~?
1 33 auaunn tn4wilnluumsii~~ln7
I d a d d (d~l&3")
I
I
I
I
alms
athletics
trauu5wn r3u
mumps
'Isfifi~uqu
M L R ~ ~ Z ~
news
h1
niw3
physics
WnA
mrcilou
Iduilsrilan
billiards
politics
RU
~
I d # * * B i ~ w y w o u ' m e= qns n y
3 h ~ ~ ~ # ~ f (l~ m~ p de rno o ~d ~H w
~ O~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ W ~ U I U I~~uru(/kdiytt~iiri~u
W # ~ U ~ ~ J / ~ 7 no
ri.IaAiadw
s, z I
QZ~~~~L~~~~'U#ULO~WO~UAZW~WOU'
a Burmese
two Burmese
n?wdi
a Ceylonese
two Ceylonese
UI.~%ROU
a Chinese
a Congolese
two Congolese
a Japanese
two Japanese
1114~
111~ouh
UI~~QU
a Javanese
two Javanese
111111
a Lebanese
two Lebanese
tll?LfiUlUOM
a Nepalese
two Nepalese
ai~~udin
a Siamese
+
+
two Siamese
111tlUlN
two~wiss
UI~A?U
two Vietnamese
111~?j~mUlN
a swiss
a Vietnamese
, two
Chinese
draughts
(AE checkers)
economics
United States
ethics
gallows
home economics
1 Linguistics
I niwor7nmi
Mathematics
p l 6 h~nncilj
Measles
T5plh
mechanics
naflinmf
-es,
lo. h u i ~ u i u n ~ u ~ r ~ r i d n n ~ ~ drdu
d~
m~ri)uil~61
~ ~ ~ u w -s,
~~~w'
Y d
vise -en ~ r d r i l ~ A i ~ ~ u w ~ wi ~uwi '~ ~ ~ F i i ~ ~ a ~01s
d ~ ~ ~ w o u '
a cow
ifqeli7u
~ U ~ U
(iqct~icluinrnuhkiqudiqu~sfid)
~Y?R~Iu
~3 =md
people
police
gently
majority
wan@
poddry
vermin
minority
f l ~ d ~ ~ u ' a ~
cattle
clergy
fludau'L~4
d s z m ~watil~s
9113'~~
tan
In' un
uywel
A
siioli7u
hdiiadrri?errrilrrrenw~u'uci~ilud~u~un~nou'
'
~uiauamZIJn~flud
7 rrhr housers = n i w q (jlvi~leqai)eye-glasses = ~ i u m
eye-glasses
jcans
pants (AE)
pincers
pliers
P Y ~ ~ U
(M pajamas)
m s
nhdffmfidsp
n~lna
ds~quau
ni.~~ndfi
scales
U~UO~
shorts
nwrw8ud
ni.~rnmen?
Aur~ftn
Auhnunuffi
AN #udinri!a
pnuou (rifa +
rnqmq)
spectacles
scissors
sheam
trousers (BE)
tweezers
assets
goods
manners
billiards
8u61
ui3mn
0fUYUna~hd~a3mumi
tloqq1'1d(dqruicu R . a
400- 1400)
bowels
oats
chattels
odds
clothes
outskirts
congratulations
premises
contents
fegards
customs
remains
draughts
savings
earnings
stairs
eaves
steps
embers
suds
entrails
sumundings
fetters
thanks
victuals
Innin (= chances)
wages
~~<I~VMRUUIU
(uiumioflu~u~u~du)
3. The outskirfs of Bangkok are about ten kilometers h m here.
(mu~iia~an.m.~~tnn,
adiiqhnddd.r:uiol i o 31atum5)
4 . Give my regards to your family.
a a -
(clin~aiu5znno~o~~5~ufiha~~q~6~~)
5. The odds are that you are going to fail.
wheat = h?~);
LLne barley = fi?ulflnd
46
M W R
l ~ ~ d l ~ l % J l o uncountable
f l W Q ~ nouns
EN 101
d9PI
iY~Qun'7uei-1
1 agendum
agenda
alumnus
alumni
a11u
analysis
analyses
813~
apparatus
apparatuses
811~
appendix
appendices H%
8 % ~
appendixes
EII~~u
axis
axes
bacterium
bacteria
basis
bases
ai1u
nim"~
n3n
bandit
bandits, banditti
B~~LSUU
beau
beaux, beaus
dtslflil
bureau
bureaux (BE)
~ U I W U S CAE)
tltsrcrn
cactus
cacti, cactuses
cherub
cherubim
aih
auz
crisis
crises
criterion
criteria
diagnosis
diagnoses
n:
nTn
n4n
dilettante
dilettanti, dilettantes
&I1L$UU
erratum
e mta
818~
focus
foci, focuses
~1%
formula
formulae
a73u
fungus
fungi, funguses
a7$u
genius
geniuses, genii
81%
gens
rda ~ii
sn
u'ndnaqj $iCi.jnsad
(genii = fi
hypothesis
hypotheses,
index
indexes, indices
afl18)
E~UU~~IU
ai6~
~tdl
kibbutzim
madams, mesdames
media, mediums
medium
11
memorandum
monsieur
1 nucleus
memoranda
messieurs
nuclei, nucleuses
I oasis
oases
ova
ovum
u'wfinfl-riubi
qa(2nu
qudnais l ~ n n i 4
dad
~~~a~nuwa~~a:ri;lun::ranmu
raaAldumuy~d~1aiSm12u~w~
9
H@
parenthesis
parentheses
phenomenon
phenomena
radius
radii, radiuses
~n4osnuiu-r~ilu
uut%ol
dmngn~.id
stamen
stamina
s'nii-rsnau
~na.ih$
stimulus
stimuli
d4fl.i::qu
stratum
strata
d U n (= social class)
'
I synthesis
termius
1 syntheses
m i n i , terminuses
dd'izau n i d s a ~ u
daiunw
3nuiiiwud
thesis
I vertebra
&
vertebrae, vertebras
I
I
elk,
II
now,
..................................
She reads ..................................
3.
We eat
1. Iplay
4.
I
I
..................................to school.
6. H e i s a ...................................
7. I want to be a ...................................
8. Mary writes ..................................to her friends.
9. You have a beautiful ...................................
10. I bought a .................................. of flowerg.
11. A ..................................tells the time.
12. The ..................................barks all night.
1 3. He sat on a ..................................
14. A ..................................
can fly.
1 5. A ..................................of bananas costs 20 baht.
5.
He rides a
1. book
2. chair
3. leaf
4. pencil
5. shoe
'
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
,
+
6. pen
...............................
22. child
--+
7. mouse
23. ox
8. sheep
24. man
--+
25. fish
--+
9.
gun
n
.
10. radio
2 6. furniture +
1 1. 'thief
27.advice
1 2. nose
2 8. knowledge-+
1 3. foot
2 9. deer
-b
1 4. daughter
30. proof
-+
15.lady
3 1. roof
--+
16.knife
3 2. cattle
-b
--+
1.
Africa
11. California
2.
Algeria
12. Cambodia
3. America
4.
Angola
13. Cuba
14. Egypt
5. Arab
15. Jordan,
6. Armenia
16. Korea
7.
17. Libya
Asia
8. Australia
9.
Austria
10. Bulgaria
18. Nigeria
1 9. Scandinavia
20. Syria
r i ~ r i m l i i w ~ (Determiners)
rr
1 n~oriigwiwn'
din$uw'cn'~$uwiruiiia d i ~ i u G i u i u(determiners)
bright (adj.)
LQ#U-JQ~~~
ambitious (adj.)
location (n.)
respected program (adj, + n.)
= ~nsqnizdii~u~p
= n~sviwdsrmfi
intern (n.)
= cj8iiunisilnHk
~daui%n
Senator (n.)
perform (v.)
riots (n.)
= n~.j9ai?a
assassination (n.)
= nisaau3w75
enrolled (v.)
= aa7n~~#7~%tu
~S~ZL~UUL~UU
eamed (v.)
= 'l6s'u
~lud~aailo~~~uluug~ur~l~mnu'n~
= anin~mn
Ex: My fiie4d is a very ambitious girl and she wants to play at the highest
level.
(dnuantsiu~tlucjH~.jir"~'n~7unu~~u~nu~u7~
~~ar~~s6a~rnsd~~~~~iuIu~
J
nqqnqm)
2. due to (prep.):
LWT~:
d
LU~).JGY~
synonym: because of
Ex: John went to bed late last night due to the large volume of letters.
(~o~uou~n~do~ucm~~Yy~p~~~u~~nuiu~iu~uu~n)
dk
3. location (n.):
~cnulR
dd
d m
(~mi~~u~nudnuaiiuiuarusnun~dunuu~~ua~uadi~~in
5. superior (adj.):
uam~duuh~ilfl ~niianii
~ R U R U ~ R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I L ~ ~ ~ Q I I ~ ~ D O ~ ~ ~ U U )
WJ
~n~nwilnHkniogn~w~~ud~~~i~~ufl~s"~o~~%ni
finuthuln3o ( ~ K U R U P U
R U ~ Sn?o~uQnis)
~
Ex: At the prison, five men were killed during the riot.
(mugdimt15mu1Uqnlus:nii~rns~ai~a)
9. assassination (n.): niraou8q~is
synonym: murder by sudden or secret attack
lo.
enrolled (v.):
EJhf L & L ~ U U ~ S ~ Y Y L ~ ~ L I U ~ U U
synonym: registered
'
College of art.
aiamsi~i~naucilou) .
1 1 . earned (v.) :
16;~
synonym: received
1 . Articles: a, an the
2. Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
3. Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
'
07fi
HTE
cY
~rcn'aql~?
an ur mau6uiuniu~~%YJ~C"LIU~
~ r l a# (@#6oq~tu'I~-h
tfiu
~l~7uau7dmun"3
7 1d
K~Q~IJ
1u'taw7rt~7r~~i7tfiuiq~m
Dih
di?1m
A dog is an animal. ( q ~ ~ ~ f l u ,t % ~ ~ )
(6u#o.~Itr'r~m
1 djSW~wan~zY11~iulfl~do)
I bought a hat. ( ~ ~ B o a u ~ n u i ~ u ~ d u )
f i ~ 1 ~ 7 u ~ ~ l d ~ d 7 d l L ~~ L FR ~I I ~U ~~& ~L ~~' UPL uQ W' ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ " W
&d
~::~ioqdduums'I#~7n
a, an ~ f some
l ~(iad?duambluw (quantifiers)
two, a few, several, a lot tfluh
I ate a banana. ( h ~ m u n f i u ~ u ~ d ~ )
had74
I ate some bananas. (6un'lun6!?u)
I ate two bananas. (&uniun&uaodu)
PZIA*a M%
c h u ~ u i l ~ n u ~ 7aW~ ~ u l ~
Bananas are inexpensive in Thailand.
cniadiu
(nli?anm~qnluds~rn~lnu)
2. Spanish is a language. ( ~ c n d r d ~ r ~ u n l w i ~ d . ~ )
occupation? (cqm~niihuszb) n%
( ( q m i i ~ ~ a z h )M%I
What's your
I am a student.
My father is a senator.
(a'urfluu'ndnwi)
(dnao~bdq4am%n)
I am a nurse.
We are singers.
(nYurfluu~.jwuiu~n)
(rmtbuu"ns'E1~)
I am a lecturer.
(a'ur3uai915u'>
(nouuaua"utbudim)
Tom is a psychiatrist.
(nourfIu5mrrwn6)
(b8udu.rau5sqn)
an artist.
~1~~44lu?uaiT4
7
a hundred
a great deal of
a thousand
a little