Anatomy & Physiology Nervous System Notes

Cody Brady
Name: ____________________________

11/10/15
Date: ______________________

homeostasis
Nervous System: The system that helps maintain ____________________________.

Functions of the nervous system:

1)

2)
integration - process and interpret sensory
input and decide if action is needed
sensory input - gather info to monitor
changes (stimuli) occurring inside
and outside the body

3)
Motor output - respond to integrated
stimuli - activation of muscles
or glands

Divisions of the Nervous System

Structural classification of the nervous system
2 divisions:
Central Nervous System
_________________________
and ______________________________
Peripheral Nervous system

Central Nervous System

CNS = ___________________________________

Is made up of the __________________

and ____________
spinal cord
brain
integrates
info
______________________________

PNS = ______________________________________
Peripheral Nervous System
-

Is made of _________________________
and
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
____________________________
which are
outside of the brain and spinal cord
__________________________________________________________________________

These nerves are divided into two groups based on their function:
eyes (photoreceptors), ears
ensory
(afferent)
o S___________________________
which includes the ___________________________
(sound and vibration receptors), taste receptors on tongue, touch receptors, nose (olfactory receptors)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
nerves carry information ___________________________________________
to the CNS
_______________________________________________________________
o

otor
(efferent)
impulses away from the CNS
M___________________________
which carry _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Two subdivisions:
which is voluntary control
S____________________
_______________________________________
omatic
controls skeletal muscles
o Controls ______________________________________________

A___________________________________________________________
utonomic
which is involuntary control
cardiac and smooth muscle + glands
o Controls ______________________________________________
o Parasympathetic:________________________________________________
slows functions for rest and rejuvenation
________________________________________________
fight or flight response
o Sympathetic:___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Cell Types
-

neurons
nerve cell
N_________________________=
___________________________________
to transmit messages in the form of electrochemical impulses
o Are specialized _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Major parts:
cell body - nucleus - controls cell
1. C______________________________________________________________________

dendrites - recieve information, send message to cell body

2. D _____________________________________________________________________

axon - transmits info away from the cell body

3. A_____________________________________________________________________

axon terminal - sends neurotransmitters to next nerve or effector cell across a synapse
4. A______________________________________________________________________

node of ranvier - gap in myelin sheath along axon that speeds transmission of impulse
5. Node of ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Support Cells:
NEUROGLIA - SUPPOT CELLS
1) A_____________________________________________________________________________

astrocytes - control chemical environment of brain

_______________________________________________________________________________
icroglia - dispose of debris
2) M______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
3) O______________________________________________________________________________
ligodendrocytes - produce the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in central nervous system

_______________________________________________________________________________
chwann cells - form myelin sheath in the PNS
4) S______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
Functional Classification of Neurons

Sensory Neuron
afferent neurons carry impulses from sensory receptors

Interneuron
association neurons found in central nervous system
connect sensory and motor neurons

Motor Neuron
efferent carry impulses from the central nervous system

Functional Properties of Neurons & Action Potentials

-

rritability
ability to respond to stimuli
I_____________________
which is the ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
onductivity
ability to transmit an impulse
C_____________________
which is the _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Nerve Impulse and Action Potential

action potentials propagated along the axons of neurons
Nerve impulses are __________________________________________________________________________________

local currents that cause each successive part of the axon to reach the threshold potential
Propagation of nerve impulses is the result of_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

the threshold potential is reached

Nerve impulse is only initiated if _______________________________________________________________________

The plasma membrane at rest is ________________________________________________________________.

-

During DEPOLARIZATION: ____________________________________________________________ (charges

switch so membrane is _____________________________________________________).
o Caused by _______________________________________________________________
o ________________________________________________________________________
During REPOLARIZATION: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
The sodium-potassium pump _________________________________________________________
(____________________________________________________________).

Synapse

Synapse
Synapses are _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

When _____________________________________________________________________________________________