KPI ANALYSIS :

KPI ANALYSIS REASONS AND SOLUTIONS

Some Relations-1- :
Some Relations-1- One BSC=6 BCSU (Base control signaling unit). One BCSU = support 110 TRX. 1 TRX= 8 tim
LAC One BSC= 660* 8 = time slots but if dual rate is implemented that it consider as two slots. One BSC= two L
that channel.
Some Relations-2- :

Some Relations-2- One BSC= 1 to 248 BCF. One BSC= 1 to 248 BTS One BTS means = one sector of any conf
control function. BTS= Base transceiver system. NSEI= is hardware and software device which supports the GPR
Some Relations-3- :

Some Relations-3- One NSEI= supports 64 BTS and 128 TRX if any one of them is full then we can assign seco
(TCH) 1 subscriber=.004 m erlangs(SD) 1 TRX=2.94 erlang(2% GOS ) 2 TRX=8.2 erlang(2% GOS ) 3 TRX=14.6
System is S11 then max capacity of BSC is 660 TRXs. If OSS 4.2 and system S12 is using then max capacity of

KPIs to be monitored :
KPIs to be monitored SD Blocking SD Drop TCH Blocking TCH Assignment TCH Drop HOSR
Slide 6:
KPIs to be monitored
Slide 7:
Get Service Get SDCCH Establish SD Channel Est. TCH Conn. Call Phone Ref. Phone SD Blking SDCCH Seize
Rate (TCH Drop call)
What is Dropped Call? :

What is Dropped Call? All cell resources are available but calls are failing, then we have a call drop scenario. Th
problems or many other reasons. If a call is abnormally disconnected, a Clear Request is sent to the MSC .If the
code Call Control is sent. It is important to establish what types of calls are failing, and over what percentage of t

SDCCH CHANNEL : :
SDCCH CHANNEL : SDCCH is a dedicated channel which is using for LAC updation, Call setup, SMS in idle mo
SD Blocking: :

SD Blocking: SD blocking means that you are not getting SD resource for the call origination. When MS connect
provided but if SDCCH is not provided at this time due some problems or due to unavailable of SD by BSC ,its c
the customer will not be able to originate any call.
Difference Between Blocking and Congestion: :

Difference Between Blocking and Congestion: It is very important to know difference between blocking and cong
If all the SD resources are full and not available for SD assign then its come into congestion. If at a particular tim
Reasons for SD Blocking: :
Reasons for SD Blocking: Some of them are- LAC boundary. HW Prob.
Solutions for removal of SD Blocking: :

Solutions for removal of SD Blocking: Here are some steps by which we can reduce SD Blocking- Check the No.
that there is no TCH Blocking. Check LAC boundary, If location update is more then change the LAC of that site
be applied on whole BTS). Hardware check / shift SD to new time slot Some times BMA and HYS parameters ar
Usefull Reports For SD Blocking: :
Usefull Reports For SD Blocking: Use 182 to analyses SD Blocking reasons. 130 for SD congestion.
SD Drop: :

SD Drop: As per diagram shows when we assigned SD for call origination and at that time due to some problem
occurs between allocation of SD and before TCH allocation. Sometimes SD drop occurs because queuing is not
overshooting , shift the SD time slot , may be hardware issue, interference, change the values of RXP, PMAX, m
cell and for DL provide tilt ,re orient that antenna
If SD Drop is high: :

If SD Drop is high: If SD drop is high plz look on parameters like- Overshooting Shift the SD time slot Hardware i
downlink issue in which cells for UL put a TMA in that cell and for DL provide tilt Re orient that antenna
Reasons of SD Drop: :

Reasons of SD Drop: Hardware Fault. Interference. MAIO mismatch. Bad Coverage. High TR Fail. Outage. Over
Band(CDMA) High LAPD Utilization Heavy blocking and DR feature being used extensively
Solutions for removal of SD Drop: :

Solutions for removal of SD Drop: Interference: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH. Use la
Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for Interference makes DT. Check interference by Interfe

Overshooting: :
Overshooting: LAC Planning. If a cell is picking call from long distance, Check the sample log according to TA. C
Tilt.
Cont :

Cont High TR Fail: Check and clear TR fail from OSS end. Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to low signal s
sensitivity, VSWR, feeder connection and etc. Drops due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop call reason is due to
feeder and etc. Use MapInfo or Google Earth to find location of sites.
Cont.. :

Cont.. High LAPD Utilization: Check LAPD util report from OSS, and define 32 kbps signaling instead of 16kbps
VSWR of the Cell. Connector Connection. Some times you will find issues on BCCH TRX.In this case BCCH shif

Cont :
Cont Due to ICM Band(CDMA): Some time SD drops takes place due to near sites of CDMA. Check the ICM b
analyzer.
Cont.. :
Cont.. Check for parameter: Check the Timer T 3101 Check the Timer T 200(20ms) T11 Expired(10 s) MAIO che
Useful Reports for SD Drop: :

Useful Reports for SD Drop: Use report ZEOL to find the alarms. Use 208 for Path loss analysis. Use 196 for UL
Drop. 232 report for TA report. 62 for Adj cell having same or adj freq. ND 111 for freq plan. 204 for BTS and cell

TCH Blocking: :
TCH Blocking: When TCH is not allocated to the user after SD allocation ,it is TCH Blocking. It is the failed call a
Resource.
Reasons for TCH Blocking: :
Reasons for TCH Blocking: Some of them are- High Utilization of TCH Time slot faulty. Lock TRXs. HW Problem
Solutions for removal of TCH Blocking: :
Solutions for removal of TCH Blocking: Implement half rate or Dual rate. Check FRL & FRU. Add another TRX. If
neighboring cell by changing tilt or orientation.
Useful Report for TCH Blocking: :
Useful Report for TCH Blocking: 135 TCH Congestion
TCH Assignment: :

TCH Assignment: Its a process of by which TCH is assigned to the MS. After the SD request MS gets TCH succ
For the best KPI TCH assignment should tend to 100%. It degrades due to HW problems.

Reasons for TCH Assignment failure: :

Reasons for TCH Assignment failure: Hardware Fault(TRXs,Combiner,Duplexer,Cables) VSWR High Path Loss.
extensively
Solutions for removal of TCH Assignment: :

Solutions for removal of TCH Assignment: Clear VSWR IF TRXs are faulty lock them and try to replace them soo
Connector connection Check TMA. Check Duplexer,Combiner,TRXs connections,Multicuppler etc. Check BOIA c

Reports for TCH Assignment: :

Reports for TCH Assignment: ZEOL to check alarms 208 for path imbalance 196 for UL-DL interference ZAHP fo
TCH Drop: :
TCH Drop: Drop during conversation is known as TCH drop. It takes place after connect ACK msg on TCH.TCH
hardware issue may be, change RXP and RLT value. Find out there is any interference ,neighbor defined.
Reasons for TCH Drop: :

Reasons for TCH Drop: Wrong Parameter Planning. BAD HOSR. Hardware Fault. High TR Fail. Overshoot. Outa
Solutions for removal of TCH Drop: :

Solutions for removal of TCH Drop: Check Parameter: Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A). Co-BSIC & Co BCCH
picking call from long distance, Check the sample log according to TA.. Site Orientation. Effective tilt should be c
Cont.. :
Cont.. Improve HOSR: Check the Hopping plan. Check the Neighbor Plan High TR Fail: Check and clear TR fail
Cont.. :

Cont.. Bad Coverage: If the drop call is due to low signal strength uplink, check the receive path of this particular
due to Low Signal Strength. If the drop call reason is due to low signal strength downlink, then, check the transm
location of sites. Effective tilt should be check. Mount position should be check.
Cont.. :

Cont.. Check HW: Check Alarms on site. Check TRXs. Check Slips. Check the Hopping plan. Check BB2F card.
Cont.. :

Cont.. Drop Reason because of HW Issues: if drops are only on one site, then go for a check for that particular e
then check the slip or interference on that Abis interface. If Drops are distributed on all site of the BSC, then chec
getting the temperature alarm continuously.

Reports for TCH Drop: :

Reports for TCH Drop: 166 for TCH Drop ZEOL for alarms. ZAHP for Flicks. 232 for TA report. 208 Path Imbalan
Adj cell having same or adj freq.
HOSR: :

HOSR: Hand over success rate: If HOSR will be good TCH drop will also be good. If Handover success rate deg

Reasons for HOSR: :

Reasons for HOSR: Improper Neighbor planning. CO-BCCH-BSIC issues in Neigh. Parameter Check. HSN clas
HW Issues. Low Coverage
Solutions for removal of HOSR: :

Solutions for removal of HOSR: Arrange Drive Test: The best way to find the real issues for HO fail make DT and
cells. Neighbor Tuning: Try to retune neighbors Avoid CO-BCCH-BSIC neighbors. Avoid extra neighs. Delete lon
fail delete and recreate neighs.
Cont.. :
Cont.. Parameter Check: Retune SL.It can change bw -90,-95,-105. Check HSN. Check SYN. Retune LDR, LUR
value. If DAC value is high or low tune it at the TH value. It should be 2050.
Cont.. :

Cont.. Overshoot: When neighs are far away then chances of HO fail increases. In this case ping-pong HI takes
that kind of neigh. LAC Boundary- Check LAC boundry. High fail takes place there will be Inter BSC cells. High fa

Cont.. :
Cont.. HW Issues: Clear HW issues. Check TRXs. Check outages. Check BOIA Card. Because if it is faulty incom
67. Clear 61.
Reports for HOSR : :

Reports for HOSR : 153 reports for HO fail bw two cells. 154 HO analyses. 60 for discrepancy. 67 for Sync repor
report. ZELO for inter MSC HO report. 150 for high HO fail. 157 for high HO attempt and call ratio. 158 for intra B

High RACH Failures: :

High RACH Failures: Other reasons look for Random access statistics, if there is a lot of random access failures
Reloading, IDB Setting and reloading, Software synchronization, filter check etc)
Some Important Alarms: :

Some Important Alarms: BTS Operation Degraded (7604) - It shows VSWR on cell. TRX Operation Degraded (7
TS on TRXs. BCF Operation degradation ()-It shows DAC value alarm. Ex-TCH Interference (7744)-TRXs faulty
Working SD Ratio Below TH level (7712)- .Its for the ratio of SDs. LAPD Fail-TX link fail. Antenna Connection Fa
fluctuating.
THANK YOU :