Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reza Nasrullah
(reza.nasrullah@gmail.com)
Abstract
No any tiny doubt that the current global warming phenomenon is related to human
activities. And our humane activities are largely the achievements of engineering of any
activities. Since the dawn of industrial era, the build up of CO2 and methane
concentration in the atmosphere have been unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The
industrial perspective present a method of firstly getting the insight of the phenomenon.
Secondly we explore the nature of industrial activities. And finally the model of
industrial-based dynamic life system(societies) is built. The conclusion is that the root of
the global warming problem lies within the uncontrollable wants of the industrial
societies.
Keywords:
Introduction
The most obvious fact at present: our only one earth is warming up and up slowly but sure.
The climatic changes mean various parts of the globe will suffer anomalies such as prolonged
droughts, heavy rainfalls, extreme winter, and rising sea level and even cruel storms. Even
Pentagon predicted that in 2020 the severe consequences could dissipate water availability
and the conflicts among human race are inevitable on reason to gain control over water
supplies.
So far the experts group namely Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) who
has been confered in various parts of the globe, has fortrightly concluded that it’s very likely
(90% probability) the climate change is human-made. They refer to massive emissions of
carbon dioxide since industrialisation era until now as the major contributor of global
warming. And the emissions are produced mainly by power plants, factories and cars. Union
of Concerned Scientists adds other factors are also involved, i.e deforestation and changing
World Council of Churches declared that the climate change is not merely technological,
within 50 years if the current global consumption levels are not cut by half.
The current levels of consumption is very conducive for business world. On the other hand,
consumers enjoy their consumptions. So how could you cut this mutual interests? The levels
of life styles of many big buyers are at stake. And is there any business/entreprise/capitalist
who is willing to miss the opportunity just because they have to cut spending? Can the two
sides (buyers and sellers) be appealed spiritually to lower their wants and then they sincerely
cut their transaction by half for the sake of other peoples’ interests?
The Nature of Global Warming
Firstly, let’s compile the phenomena of the global warming as released by many reliable and
1. It is “unequivocal” that Earth’s climate is warming, “as is now evident from observations
of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and
ice, and rising global mean sea level” The current atmospheric concentration of carbon
dioxide and methane, two important heat-trapping gases, “exceeds by far the natural range
over the last 650,000 years (The IPCC 4th Assessment Report, February 2007).(underlined
2. Since the dawn of the industrial era concentrations of both gases (CO2 and Methane) have
increased at a rate that is “very likely to have been unprecedented in more than 10,000 years”
3. It is “very likely”(i.e 90% probably correct) that emissions of heat-trapping gases from
human activities have caused “most of the observed increase in globally averaged
temperatures since the mid-20th century” (loc cit) (underlined italics from me).
5. The United Nations Climate secretariat announced that greenhouse emissions from
industrialised nations rose in 2004 to the highest levels since the early 1990s.
growing component of the index in the period of 2001-2003, increasing more than
Problem formulation
As inferable from above descriptions of the current global phenomena, burning fossil fuels in
power plants, factories and cars is the major source of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.
So there is an obvious link between this great potential catastrophic disaster of global
warming with industrial activities. In other words, the industrial system is responsible to this
problem.
To be more precise, the problem can be formulated as follows: In the context of industrial
Many international experts have been proposing their thoughts among others are:
1. Cut the current global consumption by half within 50 years ahead. (WWF’s Living Planet
Report 2006-Aljazeera.net/english).
2. Find new technologies and renewable energy. (Margaret Beckett-UK Foreign Secretary-
Aljazeera.net/english).
4. Everyone must pay the price of producing CO2 resulting from his/her activities.(Nicholas
5. Stimulate, drive and support the innovation of low carbon energy or even non-carbon
6. Clear the obstacles to energy efficiency by educating and convincing the general public.
(loc cit).
7. Concern on moral and spiritual issues. (Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomeos I-Ekklesia-
internet).
8. Stop/control deforestation and prevent the uncontrolled transformations of land’s use into
To find the root of the problem, we must examine the diagrams in figure 1 & 2.
Figure 1 shows that the phenomena of global warming can not be seperated from the
system. As underlined and italicised above, the industrial era, and the industrial nations are
the notions stunning mostly, because only since then the concentrations of the two heat-
trapping gases reach the highly threatening level in 10,000 and or 650,000 years. This is
really a “greatest achievement” of the word: industrial. And the developing nations are
merely followers of the industrial nations. The figure implies that we have to seek the root of
And the industrial system is closely tied with the consumption index. As we understand that
inside the index lies many components, among others is energy consumption. Without good
consumption index, the industrial system will suffer. Then figure 2 depicts some
interdependent factors which converge to the index. Again, here we have to be brave enough
to look back, and introspect that the root of the problem may hide in the economic system
In fact, the industrial system is the machine of the capitalism economy. So there is
While the consumption index implies the use of energy which then causes the emissions of
the two heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Therefore the underlying problem is not
how to cut energy consumption. Because it is only the consequence of the prevailing
We must explore the insight of this economic system. As depicted by figure 2, the capitalism
results in the consumerism life styles. As arguably noted by M. Umer Chapra(1993), the life
styles are predominated by wants rather than needs, especially owned by the few wealthy
class of the capitalistic society. As the few(5% of total population) hold around averaged
70% of wealth, they have full buying power to fulfill their wants. While the middle class
(25% of total population) hold around averaged 20% of wealth to apply their buying power
to the mixture of needs and wants. And the rest-the lower class (70% of total population)-
hold around averaged 10% of wealth and can only struggle to fulfill their needs. The
unequalities of wealth distributions in the capitalistic societies proved to pose stresses heavily
on natural resources. Because the wants demand great production quantities of consumer
goods.
The Industrial Perspective
Needs Wants
And the industrial system is merely to serve the demands. It's a phenomenon of the dominant
“wants fulfilling economy” over “needs fulfilling economy”. It perfectly correlates with the
WWF Living Planet Report stating that “Greed will trigger ecosystem collapse if
consumption levels are not cut by half within 50 years ahead globally”.
From the Industrial perspective above, we can observe the global warming phenomena as a
system of life on earth, especially life which are filled up with industrial activities. The
model built below describes clearly the dynamics of the industrial societies.
Figure 3. The Model of Dynamic Industrial-based Societies
It is clear from the above model that the societies are dominated by wants from the rich class
because they can buy anything at any price. Since the wants dominate, the natural resources
are explored and exploited by the industrial entreprises to meet these very lucrative markets.
Then heavy stresses build up inevitably onto the ecosystem year by year. And finally the
build up destroy the earth's natural “immune system” and it gets fever in the form of current
global warming.
From the model it is inferable that the root of this potential catastrophic disaster is simply
the industrial life styles of the industrial-wants dominated-societies. The dominating wants
are our humane nature. Can we control our own wants? Can those rich class control their
wants when they can easily spend their money at any price? Can the political leaders control
those wants to reduce the stresses on natural resources? Can we curb the great threat of
global warming by lowering our expectation of wants fulfillments and focusing on needs
instead? Can the engineering discipline be turned to needs fulfillments rather than wants?
Are those rich class willing to enjoy a humble lifestyle when in fact they are capable of
acting just the opposite? Aren't these options: carbon trading, consumption cut, technological
innovation, disaster mitigation, reducing emission, etc. related to wants fulfillments or needs?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
London, 1993(book).
2007.(internet).