-

37 6
2001 6

PTCA (PA RT A :PHYSICA L T EST ING)

V ol.37 No .
6
Jun .2001

( , 200437)
:O211.9;O241.1 :E :1001-4012(2001)06-0271-06

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10g

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1.
1

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() 10g ,

10g , ,

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, 5-1 x y
, a

, x y ;
b x

, (
), ,

y ,
;
c ,

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271

,

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, :

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,

(a)

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, ,

(b)

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, ,

2
2.
1
, 5-1 b c
(c)
5-1

, x y
,

, ?

1.
2

, ,

Y = a +bx

, ,

x i Y i ,

x i y i , x i Y i

,
, ,

(5-1)

y i , y i Y i ,
() ,

, 1400 ,

i = y i -Y i (i =1 , 2 , , n)

, ,

n , n
i ,
i

Q
i

Q
i

272

(5-2)

 :

2
2
2
Q =
1 +
2 + +
n

(5-3)

-n x y ,

(y n -Y n ) =(y 1 -a -bx 1 ) +
2

(y 2 -a -bx 2) + +(y n -a -bx n ) =

n

(yi

2
-a -bx i )

i =1

2.
2
(
5-8) b xy

2
Q =(y 1 -Y 1)2 +(y 2 -Y 2 )
+ +
2

(5-4)

, (x 1 , y 1),(x 2 , y 2 )(x n , y n )
(), a b
:
,
Q
, Y
=a +bx :
(5-4) , Q (a , b)
, Q , Q a b
, ,
a b

(x - x)(y -y)= xy -x y -y x
nx y = xy -nx y -n x y +
nx y = xy -nx y
, b
b =

xy -nx y
x 2 -nx 2

Q =2 (y -a -bx )(-1)=
i
i
a
i =1

S 2x ,
S 2xy

(x - x)(y -y)

anx +b

(5-5)
n

i =1

2
xi

yi x i

(5-6)

i =1

x 2i

, i =1

x , i
y i x i y x ,
=1

yx x

1
|
nx

|
=

x -x yx
2
2
x -nx
2

(5-7)
1
|
nx
b =
1
|
nx

n (x i , y i )
(i =1 , 2 , , n),
y , x ,
x y X =a+b

a +bx = y

a =

(5-11)

, y , y x

x i)=0

i =1

S xy
S 2x

Y =a +bx , x

x y x i y i

(5-10)

b =

i =1

Q =2
(y i -a -bx i)(-x i)=
b
i =1
-2( y i x i -anx -b

(x -x)(y -y)
(x -x )2

n , x n

-2n(y -a -bx)=0

(5-9)

S 2xy =

yx
x
2
x

|
=
|

y x -nx y
x 2 -n x2

y , , b

b=

xy -ny x
2
2
y -ny

(y -y)(x -x) = S 22xy

2
Sy
(y -y)

(5-12)

, , Y =a +
bx X =a+b
y , (5-11)(5-12)

2.
3
,

y x Y =a +bx x y

(5-8)

X =a+b
y , b
b, :
n (x i , y i)
, y x ( x y )

, Y =a +bx ,

? ()

, b

?
273

S xy
S x Sy

Q , , i
i ,
=1
n

(y -a -bx) i
(y i -a -bx i ) ,
=1

(y -Y )2 = (y -a

Q =

(5-20)

, r =+1 x y
, 5-2 a ;
r =-1 x y
, 5-2 b

-bx)2
(5-13)

y =a +b x ,

(y -y +bx -bx ) = =
2
2
2
(y -y) -b (x - x) (5-14)
A = (y -y)2 0
(5-15)
B = b2 (x - x)2 0
(5-16)
2

Q =

Q n (y -Y )2 ,
, , (5-14)
Q =(A -B )0

(5-17)

(a)(b, b )

A B
r ,
2
B
(5-18)
r =
A
r x y , r
:
2
(a) Q =0 , (y -Y )2 =
=0 ,
n (x i , y i ) ,

Q =0 , A =B , r 2 =1 , r = 1 ,
1 , x y ;
2

(b) Q =A , B =0 , r =0 , r =0 ,
x y , ;
B
(c) Q , r 2 =
A
1 , r 0 1 , r 1 , x y
();
, r , x
y
, r ,
(5-18),
b (x -x )
2
B
r =A =
= =
(y -y )2
2

(x

S 2xy
=
2
2
(x -x)2 (y -y)2 S x S y
(5-19)
r =
274

-x)
(y -y)

(x - x) (y -y)
2

5-2

, (5-19)

- 1 ( x)2
n

S 2x =

S 2y =

y2 - n ( y)2

S 2xy =

-x)(y -y)
]2

(x

(b)(b , b )

(5-21)

xy - n ( x)( y)

2.
4
1 :
K IC
(MP a m) A K (J) ,
8 8
, 5-1( x A k ,
y K IC)

5-1 K IC

a= x -b
y =

A K
A K/ J

K IC/ M Pa

A K/ J

K IC/ M P a

1
n

x -1 .3865 n y

36 .
25 -39 .
8618 =-3 .
6118
y x (
)

10

80

40

10

30

50

30

Y = a +bx =13 .
9607 +0 .
4135 x

30

20

40

40

60

50

20

10

x y (
)
X = a+b
y =-3 .
6118 +1 .
3865y

:
, y x x

(3) r

y
r =

:
(1) b
r 5-2

x2

y2

xy - n x y

5-2 b r
x

(x -x )(y -y)
(x - x)2 (y -y)2] 1/ 2

xy

1
2
2
x - n ( x)] [

1
2
2
y - n ( y)]

10

100

10

30

100

900

300

30

20

900

400

600

60

50

3600

2500

3000

80

40

6400

1600

3200

(4) K IC
A K ( 5-3)

50

30

2500

900

1500

Y = a +bx =13 .
9607 +0 .
4135 x

40

40

1600

1600

1600

20

10

400

100

200

A K K IC
( 5-3)

x=

y =

y =

xy =

X = a+b
y =-3 .
6118 +1 .
3865y

290

230

8100

10400

x =
15500

10400 -8337 .
5
=0.
757
(15500 -10512 .
5)
(8100 -6612 .
5)

r =0 .
757

(2) b b
a a
b

xy -nx y
=
2
2
x -nx

xy - n x y
=
2
1
2
x - n ( x)

1
10400 - 8 (290)
(230)
=0 .
4135
1
15500 - (290)2
8
a = y -bx =

1
n

y -b

x
n

1
290
4135 8 =13 .
9607
8 (230)-0 .
1
xy - n x y
xy -nx y

b=
=
2
2 =
1
y -ny
y 2 - n ( y )2
1
10400 - (290)
(230)
8
=1 .
3865
1
2
8100 - (230)
8

5-3
y K IC/ M Pa

x A K/ J

2 :

, K t =4 .
0 ,
S m =140M Pa , S ai
lg N i 5-3
:
lg N-lg S a
275

5-3 Sai lgN i

S ai / M Pa

y i =lg S ai

xi =lg N i

y2i

x 2i

xi yi

60

1.
77815

4.
0887

3.
16182

16 .
7175

7.
2703

50

1.
69897

4.
3008

2.
88650

18 .
4969

7.
3069

40

1.
60206

4.
5980

2.
56660

21 .
1416

7.
3663

30

1.
47712

5.
1646

2.
18188

26 .
6731

7.
6287

25

1.
39794

5.
5323

1.
95424

30 .
6063

7.
7338

7.
9542

23 .
6844

12 .
75104

113.
6354

37 .
3060

:
(1) b
a
r 5-3
(2) , b
a
1

xy - n x y
1
y2 - n ( y)2

b=

S 2xy
= 2 =
Sy

1
(23.
6844)(7.
9542)
5
=-3 .
831
1
12.
75104 - (7.
9542)2
5

37 .
3060 -

1
a=
n

1
x - b
n

1
y = (23.
6844)5

1
(23 .
6844)(7 .
9542)
5
=
1
1
[ 113 .
6354 - (23 .
6844)2] [ 12 .
75104 - (7 .
9542)2]
5
5
37 .
3060 -

37 .
3060 -37 .
6781
=-0 .
993
1.
4452 0 .
09714
(4)S-N lg Nlg S a , S-N
S-N
S ma N = C

m lg S a +lg N =lg C

1
(-3 .
831)(7 .
9542)= 10 .
8314
5

lg N =lg C -m lg S a

X =a+b
y lg N =10 .
8314 3.831lg S a
(3) r
r =

1
xy n

1
(
n

10 .
8314

-3.
8314

Sa
1
(
n

10

=6 .
78 10

S-N

x y

x)] [ y

(5-22)

lg N = a+b
lg S a =10 .
8314 -3 .
831lg S a
lg C =10 .
8314 , C =10
m =-3 .
8314

(x - x)(y - y)
=
2
2 1/ 2
(x - x) (y - y)]

(5-21)

10

N =6 .
78 10

y)]
2

()

( 250 )

(e)- 1000 (f)- 1000

7
100

,
:
[ 1]

, [ 2]

276

[ M] .M ockba :Hayka, 1980 .

[ 2] .
[ M] .
:
, 2001.