DRAFT

MALAYSIAN
STANDARD

11D058R0

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STAGE: PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20)

DATE: 01/05/2012 - 30/06/2012

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Metal sheet roof and wall cladding Test method

OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (NM / )

ICS: 93.010
Descriptors:

specification, loading resistance, sheet roof, wall cladding, working load, wind pressure,
test method

Copyright
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

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11D058R0

CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation ................................................................................................. i

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Foreword............................................................................................................................ ii
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1

Scope.................................................................................................................... 1

Terms and definitions ........................................................................................... 1

Types and parameters of test. ....................... 5

Test specimen.... ....................................................................................... 5

Test apparatus.... ....................................................................................... 6

Bending test at mid-span ...................................................................................... 7

Concentrated loads .............................................................................................. 10

Interpretation and report of test results ..................................................... 10

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k1 and k2 to be used in Equation (1) and Equation (2) ................................ 11

Figure 1

Geometrical definitions of profile.................................................................... 4

Figure 2

The test management of two and four line load............................................. 9

Figure A1

Types of fasteners.......................................................................................... 14

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Table 1

Test rig for measurement of strength of fixings ............................................. 16

Figure A2

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Annex A

Determination of the strength of attachment of a cladding system................ 13

Bibliography..17

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Committee representation
The Industry Standards Committee on Building, Construction and Civil Engineering (ISC D) under whose
authority this Malaysian Standard was adopted, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

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Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia
Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
Jabatan Kerajaan Tempatan
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysian Timber Council
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara
The Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Technical Committee on Steel Products which supervised the development of this Malaysian Standard
consists of representatives from the following organisations:

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Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia

Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Malaysian Structural Steel Association
Master Builders Association Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Working Group on Sheet Roof and Wall Cladding which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:

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Atapan Ace Sdn Bhd

BlueScope Lysaght (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia
European Profiles (M) Sdn Bhd
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Petros Technicserv Resources
Rolform Industries Sdn Bhd
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
SWISSMA Building Technologies Sdn Bhd
Steelon Roofing Systems Sdn Bhd
United Seasons Sdn Bhd
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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11D058R0

FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Sheet Roof and Wall
Cladding under the authority of the Construction, Building and Civil Engineering Industry
Standards Committee.

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Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.

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11D058R0

METAL SHEET ROOF AND WALL CLADDING - TEST METHOD

Introduction

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Load bearing capacity of any particular type of sheet should be established from the results of
adequate tests.

Resistance to concentrated load and to wind pressure shall be determined by tests of the
actual system or by laboratory tests of full scale models of sections of the system.

Scope

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A cladding system shall consist of sheeting, fastenings and supporting members assembled
together in a manner identical within those parts of the particular roof or wall of which the test
specimen is intended to be a model.

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This Malaysian Standard specifies the determination of the resistance of sheet roof and wall
cladding against working load and wind pressure.

Terms and definitions

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The objective of the test is to determine:

a) bending strength and stiffness of profiled sheeting;
b) strength of profile sheeting under concentrated load; and
c) strength of attachment of a cladding system. Refer to Annex A.

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The geometrical
definitions are given in Figure 1.

2.1 Attachment

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System of connection between profile sheeting and the supports.

2.2 Bending strength
Resistance to failure in bending, specifically limiting value for bending stress.

2.3 Characteristic strength

The limits within which at least 90 percent of values will lie in practice.
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2.4 Cladding
Material which forms the external surface over the framing of an element of a building or
structure.

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2.5 Design wind speed

NOTE. For very tall structures, design wind speed may be expressed as a function of height.

Wind speed for use in design adjusted for wind direction, structure importance, design life,
geographic position, surrounding countryside and height.

2.6 Fastener

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2.7 Flexural rigidity

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Connecting device for the attachment.

Force couple required to bend a rigid structure to a unit curvature.

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2.8 Local deformation

A failure in the mode of crushing or deformation of the surface which occur at point of applied
load.

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2.9 Profiled sheet

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Sheet with corrugated profile or trapezoidal profile.

2.10 Serviceability

Ability to meet or exceed relevant performance requirement(s)

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2.11 Shear strength

Ability to resist force(s) acting in shear.
2.12 Stiffness
Deformation of structure in relation to the applied force.
2.13 Ultimate load
The maximum test load at failure.

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2.14 Wall and roof cladding

Profiled sheets that cover the wall and roof.
2.15 Wind load

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Action that arises due to wind pressure.

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11D058R0

Figure 1. Geometrical definations of profile

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Types and parameters of test

3.1 Midspan bending under distributed load

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a) Stiffness test
The measured parameter is the load versus deflection at mid-span until 1.25 times the design
load.

b) Strength test
The parameter measured in the test is load versus deflection at mid-span until the ultimate
failure.

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3.2 Concentrated load test

Test specimen

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The parameter measured is the load at the permanent local deformation of sheeting.

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a) The test specimen should normally consist of at least a single full-scale complete cover
width as used in practice;

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for cladding systems on which the interlocking of the edge adjoining sheets is essential to
their fastenings at least two sheet interlocks shall be incorporated in the test specimen;

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c)

b) the width of test section of an actual system shall be the width presented by the
attachment of the cladding to each supporting member at no fewer than four fastening
points and shall include at least one sheet overlap;

d) for sheets of different materials intended to be side lapped together in use, and where
advantage is to be taken of their structural interaction (such as translucent sheeting
between metal or asbestos cement sheeting), the test specimen should consist of three
sheet widths side-lapped, with the outer sheets being of the stronger or stiffer material;

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e) the specimen should be arranged in such a way that there are no free edges in
compression; to comply with this, it may be necessary to remove part of a corrugation at
one or both longitudinal edges; and

f)

the test sheet should be 200 mm longer than the clear span over which they are to be
tested.

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4.1

Number of tests

a) If the test series includes only one profiled shape and one thickness, at least four tests
should carried out. If one of these tests results in a failure load that differs from the mean
by more than 10 % of the mean, at least two further tests should be performed;

if there is a reason for suspecting that an individual test result is not representative due to
variation of the material or geometrical properties of the specimen, this test maybe
rejected and is replaced by two or more equivalent test. It is to be detailed in the report
and the reason for the rejection is to be stated; and

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c)

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b) if the test series includes one nominal profile shape but several thicknesses where the
difference between the actual thicknesses is greater than 0.1 mm at least two tests shall
be carried out for each thickness. The total number of tests in the series should at least 6;

4.2

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d) at least three tests for each loading and span condition.

Span of test specimen

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a) For a concentrated load, the test is carried out on the maximum intended span;
b) for uniformly distributed load, the test is carried out on the maximum intended spans;

the single span and double span simply supported condition should be tested. The design
strength and stiffness appropriate to the support conditions should be derived from such
test results;

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c)

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d) support the profiled sheeting under test by the fixings specified in normal use, or on
cylindrical rollers 75 mm in diameter, rigidly fixed to prevent deflection of the supports
under load. The supports to the sheet under test should either simulate practical
conditions of installation or else be arranged in such a way that they offer less restraint
than arrangements used in practice. In particular, supports should allow free rotation of
the specimen and should ensure vertical reactions at all stages of loading; and

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e) the span is defined as the distance between centre lines of supports, measured to an
accuracy of 3 mm.

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5.1

Test apparatus
Requirements of the test rig

(a) The test rig to be used consist essentially of two or more adjustable horizontal supports,
stiff enough not to deflect significantly, spaced at the span over which sheets are to be
tested. The support should be stiff enough not to cause any deformation;
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(b) the profiles sheeting under test is supported by the fixing specified in normal use, rigidly
fixed to prevent deflection of the support under load; and

Fixing of sheets

5.2

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(c) the support may be tubes of 75 mm diameter (so that fastenings under suction loads may
be simulated by movable collars as shown) or may be actual purlin or rail sections where
it is considered that the performance of the sheeting is significantly affected by the type of
the support and fixing.

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a) Should a manufacturer consider that particular fixings significantly affect the performance
of his sheetings, the sheets should be fixed to suitable support rails with the system of
fixings that would be used in practice; and

The uniformly distributed loading should preferably be applied by dead weight, pressure
bags or vacuum chamber, or uniformly distributed gravity load;

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a)

Loading

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6.1

Bending test at mid span

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b) to suppress the lateral spreading of the profiled sheet under load, fit not less than 2
transverse ties equally spaced between support in the span or at a spacing of not less
than 20 times the profile depth and connected to the end troughs of the sheeting before
load testing.

the test are carried out of load perpendiculars to the plane of loading; and

c)

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b) gravity loading may be used to simulate wind loading by inverting the sheeting;

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d) the uniformly distributed load can be represented by preferably four line load of equal
distance, as shown in Figure 2. Line loads should normally be applied to the troughs of
the corrugations.
6.2

Stiffness test

To satisfy the serviceability limit state criteria, a structure must remain functional for its
intended use subject to routine loading, and as such the structure must not cause occupant
discomfort under routine conditions. The performance of sheet at serviceability condition is
checked by the stiffness test. The test is also used to derive the flexural rigidity of the sheet,
the data of which can be used to develop design tables for serviceability limit.
a) Apply the load in not less than 5 approximately equal increments to 1.25 times the
expected design load;

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b) record maximum deflection at the narrowest crown or trough of the profile to the nearest
0.5 mm at each load increment;
sustain the last increment of load until no further increase in deflection occurs. If the
deflection continues to increase after 30 minutes, abandon the stiffness test. Repeat with
a new test sheet tested to be a lesser maximum load;

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c)

d) record the final deflection at maximum load, then release the load without shock and
record the residual deflection;

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6.3

the maximum residual deflection 1 minute after the removal of the pressure should not be
greater than L/1000.
Strength test

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f)

e) for the purpose of serviceability limit condition, the maximum deflection should not be
greater than L/150 based on serviceability limit, where L is the span; and

The strength test is to derive the characteristic strength of the roof sheeting.

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a) After completing the stiffness test, re-apply the load in similar increments and record the
deflection, until failure occurs;

all part of the cladding system shall remain substantially in position, not with standing any
permanent distortion (strength limit state); and

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c)

b) record the maximum load of failure;

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d) In the report, state the mode of failure, e.g. local buckling, crushing, tensile fracture of the
component in tension failure.

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Loading Actuator

Transfer beam 2

Test specimen

LVDT

Transfer beam 2

Transfer beam 1

Supporting

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Transfer beam 1

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Loading Actuator

Loading

Supporting

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(a) two lines load

Loading Actuator

Transfer beam 1

Supporting
beam
Transfer beam 2

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Transfer beam 2

LVDTs

Test specimen

Transfer beam 1

Loading Actuator

Loading
beams
Supporting beam

(b) Four lines load

Figure 2. The test arrangement of two and four line load

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Concentrated loads

a) Apply the load at the most unfavorable position in the span, on a crown of the profiled
sheet at or nearest to the centre of the width of the sheeting;

where the crown is curved or splayed, the packing should be shaped to the crown profile
with a width of 15 mm;

c)

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b) apply the load through a rigid loading plate and an 18 mm thick plywood packing 100mm
long by the full of the crown;

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d) where the profile has a trough width of 125 mm or more which would allow foot traffic to
occur, carry out a separate concentrated load applied over a square of 125 mm sides at
midspan in the trough nearest to the centre line of the sheet; and

Interpretation and report of test results

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e) carry out the test in two stages:

Stage 1 (aesthetic acceptability). The concentrated load at 0.9 kN should be gradually
applied (not dropped) and sustained for 30 s. Remove the load and record observation.
Stage 2. Repeat stage 1 but with an applied load of 1.26 kN (0.9 kN x partial load factor
1.4).

8.1 Bending test at mid-span

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(a) In the stiffness test, the flexural rigidity, EI is derived from the equation:

where,

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EI = (k1) (Wd) (L3/D) (kN/m2)

EI
k1

Wd
L
D

:
:
:

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Equation (1)

is effective rigidity of the profiled sheeting from the result of the

uniformly distributed load test.
is the coefficient depending on support continuity and load
distribution, and equal to 5/384 for a simply supported span with
uniformly distribution load.
total load on the span (kN)
span (m)
maximum deflection in the span (m)

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(b) In the strength test, the derivation of the ultimate moment of resistance is:
Equation (2)

MU = (k2) (WU) L (kNm)

where,

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WU

ultimate moment of resistance (kNm)

coefficient depending on support for a simply supported span with
uniformly distributed load.
is total load on the span at failure (kN)

:
:

MU
k2

k1 and k2 for different number of equally spaced loadings (N) are given in Table 1.

1
1/48
0.250

2
0.0181
0.167

3
0.0168
0.167

4
0.0160
0.150

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N
k1
k2

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Table 1. k1 and k2 to be used in Equation (1) and Equation (2).

UDL
5/384
0.125

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(c) The report should at least contain these information:

i. client/ manufacturer
ii. type of sheet material, profile (raw data)
iii. thickness
iv. span
v. type of test
vi. fixing
vii. result : Load displacement curve
Flexural rigidity, EI (from Equation (1))
Maximum load
Mode of failure (observation)

8.3 Concentrated load test

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Acceptance criteria for resistance to concentrated load.

Stage 1 (aesthetic acceptability test)
The resistance to concentrated load should be considered satisfactory if no permanent
deformations are observed.
Stage 2 (point load strength test)
Some denting, buckling or permanent deformation is permitted but the sheet has to sustain
the load for a minimum of 30 s without collapse or penetration.

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8.4 Characteristic strength

The characteristic strength is derived from the following formula:
Equation (3)

Vch = Vm (kv) S

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3.37

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2.63

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2.33

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2.18

8
2.0

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1.92

20
1.76

30
1.73

1.64

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n
kv

:
:
:

Vm
kv
S

characteristic value of strength (which maybe moment of resistance of

sheeting or strength of fastener).
mean value from the number of test.
taken from the following table, where n is the number of test results.
standard deviation of the population of test results.

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Vch

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where,

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Apply appropriate partial safety factors for materials and loads when using the characteristic
value for design. For the purpose of verification test, values of partial safety factors for loads
should be:

Dead loads :
- 1.4 in the same direction to wind load
- 1.0 in the opposite direction to wind load

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Imposed loads :
- 1.6 for normal loads
- 1.0 for concentrated load stage 1
- 1.4 for concentrated load stage 2
- 1.4 for wind load

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Annex A
Determination of the strength of attachment of a cladding system
(informative)

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A1 Objective of test

The objective of the test is to determine the strength of attachment of a cladding system that
is determined by the strength of the fastener and of the fixing assembly, whichever is the
lesser.

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The parameters to be measured are the load and failure modes.

The typical types of fastener are as shown in Figure A1.

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A2 Strength of attachment

The strength of attachment should be derived from the manufacturers test data and should
be the lesser value of:

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a) ultimate detachment load

b) serviceability load

A3 Types of test

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A3.1 Pull-over strength of fastener from support (screw and shot fired fastener)

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Carry out the test in accordance with the testing arrangement, shown in Figure A1.
A3.2 Concealed fix system

a) the attachment strength of secret fix system should be derived from full scale test on the
profile;

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b) the test sample construction consists of at least three panel cover widths with two
assembles seams and be in double span; and
c)

the load should be applied uniformly over the whole assembly.

A4 Test procedure
a) apply the load steadily of not less than 5 increments;
b) observe the response of the fixing assembly at each load stage until failure occurs, over a
duration of not less than 2 min; and
c)

record in the test report the load and observations to identify the two failure modes.

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Cladding/ valley fixing

Concealed fix/ standing seam system

Stitching

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Crest fixing

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Figure A1. Types of fasteners

A5 Number of test

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Carry out test on not less than 6 samples. For the determination of characteristic strength, the
number of specimens required may be referred to 8.4.

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A6 Interpretation of results

a) derive the characteristic strength value from the equation given in 8.4.

b) the load applied to the fixing assembly should be factored using the following load factors
and compare with the appropriate characteristic strength.
Ultimate detachment :

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i)

- pull-through
- pull-over from steel 1.5 mm
- pull-over from aluminium 2.0 mm
- pull-over from timber
- pull-over from masonry / concrete
- of the spacer assembly
- of a concealed fix fixing assembly

ii)

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2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
2.0

Serviceability - 1.5

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Figure A2. Test rig for measurement of strength of fixings

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Bibliography
[1] MS 1553, Code of practice on wind loading for building structure
[2] MS 6707-1, Building and civil engineering - Vocabulary. Part 1: General terms

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[3] BS 5950-6: 1995, Structural use of steelwork in building. Code of practice for design of
light gauge profiled steel sheeting

[4] BS 5427-1:1996, Code of practice for the use of profiled sheet for roof and wall cladding
on buildings. Design

[5] AS 1562.1:1992, Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding - Metal

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[6] AS 4040.0:1992, Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding - Introduction, list of
methods and general requirements

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[7] AS 4040.2:1992, Methods of testing sheet roof and wall cladding - Resistance to wind
pressures for non-cyclone regions

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Acknowledgements

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Members of Technical Committee on Steel Products

Organisation
Name
Ir Mat Jusoh Mamat (Chairman)
Malaysian Structural Steel Association
Ms Nadiah Mohamed (Secretary)
SIRIM Berhad
Mr Razuki Ibrahim
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Ir Nor Halim Hassan
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Malaysia
Mr Cheah Poh Kuen
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Mr K Govindaraj
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Mr Khaizuran Mohd Salleh
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Dr Nor Hafizah Ramli
Universiti Malaya
Datin Dr Hanizah Abdul Hamid
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Dr Ir Mohd Hanim Osman
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

SIRIM Berhad
Atapan Ace Sdn Bhd
BlueScope Lysaght (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Malaysia
European Profiles (M) Sdn Bhd
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia Malaysia
Petros Technicserv Resources
Rolform Sdn Bhd
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
SWISSMA Building Technologies Sdn Bhd
Steelon Roofing Systems Sdn Bhd
United Seasons Sdn Bhd

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Mr Tham Kam Weng

Ir Hanizah Argadan
Mr Ng Kok Cheong
Mr Allan Loh
Mr Azam Mohamad
Mr Low Ping Hing
Ms Jeannie Goh
Mr Zaidi Semail

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Dr Ir Mohd Hanim Osman (Chairman)

Ms Nadiah Mohamed (Secretary)
Ir Yeoh Eng Huei
Mr Yee Yoke Chuan
Mr Rofizlan Ahmad
Ir Nor Halim Hassan

Members of Working Group on Sheet Roof and Wall Cladding

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