SMPK1 BPK Penabur Bandung

Learning Resource
Number:
SECONDARY 2 BIOLOGY
Human Reproductive System

Name :

1. There are _____ ovaries (female gonads).

2. The ovary produces eggs or ova (female gametes), female sex ___________ and ___________
that regulate the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the secondary sexual characteristics
(e.g. _________________________________________)
3. Puberty is the time during teenage years when females start to releases eggs. Puberty
occurs a couple years _____________ for females than males usually.
4. Menopause is the time when females ___________ releasing eggs. This usually occurs
between 45-55 years age.
5. At birth, females have all their eggs formed, but in immature state. After puberty and
before menopause, one egg is released about every _____ days from each ovary.
6. Oviduct or Falopian tube connects the ovary and ___________.
7. Oviduct is the place where conception or fertilization of an egg by a _________ occur.
8. Uterus or womb is a strong muscular and elastic organ where an unborn __________
develops.
9. After an ______ released from the ovary, a blood-lining develops on the walls of the uterus
(or called ____________________) in preparation for the ____________________ of the unborn
baby. If no fertilization of the egg occurs, then this lining passes out through vagina over
several days as periods or _____________________.
10.The opening between uterus and vagina is called ____________.
11.During pregnancy, a mucous plug forms across the cervix separating the uterus from the
outside to prevent _____________ of the unborn baby.
12.The place where ______________ is inserted during sexual intercourse is called ____________.
This structure is an elastic muscular organ that _______________ during birth to allow for the
passage of the baby.
13.The menstrual cycle begins at _________________ and ceases at menopause.
14.Menstruation is regulated by female sex hormones, estrogen and _______________.
15.Menstruation is the release of the blood-filled lining of the uterus if a woman is not
pregnant. It begins on Day 1 when menstruation begins and lasts about ____ days.
16.The release of the egg from the ovary between days 12-16 is called the ________________.
17.A woman will become pregnant if fertilisation (the ________________ of an egg and the
sperm) occurs several days after ovulation when the egg is in the _________________. During
pregnancy, menstruation _____________.
18.The hypothalamus in the brain stimulated the pituitary gland in the brain to produce the
hormone FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). FSH stimulates _____________________________
in the ovary. The follicle in the ovary secretes estrogen which stimulates the repair of the
terus wall after __________________ and it also stimulates the pituitary gland to produce LH
(luteinizing hormone). This hormone prevents more than one follicle from developing. LH
induces ovulation (release of the _________) and the development of the follicle into the
corpus _________. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone.
19.One function of progesterone is to _____________________________. If a female becomes
pregnant, the corpus luteum will secrete gonadotropin which allows the corpus luteum to
continue producing progesterone which stimulates the growth of the uterus wall, by
inhibiting LH and FSH.
20.If the woman does not become pregnant, the corpus luteum _______________, which leads
to less production of progesterone and estrogen, and the menstruation will occur, and
another menstrual cycle begins because the lower progesterone and estrogen levels will
stimulates the ______________ gland in the brain to produce FSH.

21.After sexual intercourse, the sperm can live inside the female reproductive organs for _____
hours maximum. The sperm will then travels up the uterus to join with the egg in the
Fallopian tube.
22.The single-celled fertilised egg is called a _________.
23.23 chromosomes of the sperm and 23 chromosomes of the egg combine in the zygotes
nucleus, so that the developing baby has ________ chromosomes.
24.Internal fertilisation occurs when the male gamete joins with the female gamete inside an
organism (e.g. in _________________). An advantage is that the survival rate is higher, but
the number of offspring is ______________.
25.External fertilisation occurs when male gamete joins the female gamete outside the
organism (e.g. ____________). This often occurs in _________ environment, many offspring
are produced, but there is a low survival rate.
26.Gestation in human lasts about 36 weeks or ____ months.
27.The first sign of pregnancy is usually ________ of menstruation.
28.After fertilisation in the oviduct, the zygote multiplies to form a ball of cells called
___________ which travels down the uterus.
29.The embryo implants into the wall of the _______________.
30.At place where implantation occurs, an organ called the _________________ develops.
31.The umbilical cord grows between the __________________ and the unborn babys navel.
32.Inside the umbilical cord are blood vessels which provide nutrients and oxygen to the
baby, and return wastes such as _________________________________ back to the mothers
bloodstream.
33.The baby is called _________ when it is 0-8 weeks old.
34.The baby is surrounded by _______________________ inside an amniotic sac.
35.In the 9th month of pregnancy, the fetus turns upside down, and the mothers breasts
enlarge ready for _______________ production.
36.After about 9 months the plug at the cervix releases, the _______________ breaks and fluid
comes through the vagina (breaking of the water).
37.Muscular contraction occur to both dilate the ____________ and push out the baby head first
from the _____________.
38.Further muscular contractions expel the ___________________ which cut close to the babys
navel.
39.The mother begins breast milk production. The production of the milk is affected by a
hormone called ___________________.
40.The mother begins ________________ cycle again after the lining of the uterus from the
pregnancy has been expelled over several days.