LBM 1

MODUL 8

STEP 1
1. Kelenjar
Agregrasi sel-sel yang mengeluarkan zat-zat untuk metabolisme
tubuh
2. Hormon
Senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar, berfungsi untuk
memacu atau menghambat organ tertentu sehingga ada hasilnya
3. Metabolisme
Sebuah proses : katabolisme ( penguraian protein) dan
anabolisme( pembentukan protein) agar zat dapat diserap tubuh
4. Hypotalamus
Organ utama sistem endokrin
Kelenjar yang menghasilkan hormon TRH,vasofresin,okxytoxin
5. Hypofise
Kelenjar di selatorsika, terdiri dari neurohipofisis dan adenohipofisis
yg terhubung oleh hipotalamus oleh duktus
6. Organ target
Organ spesifik yang dituju oleh hormon tertentu
7. Ekskresi
Proses pengeluaran dari sisa metabolisme yang tidak dapat
digunakan kembali
( keringat,urin,feses)
8. Sekresi
Proses pengeluaran dari sisa metabolisme yang masih dapat
digunakan kembali
( hormon)
9. Pengaturan umpan balik
Suatu sistem yang mengatur pembentukan hormon, ada umpan
balik Positif dan negatif
STEP 2
1. Bagaimana peranan sistem hormon ?
2. Bagaimana pengaruh hormon terhadap metabolisme tubuh ?
3. Kelenjar apa saja yang ada di dalam tubuh beserta hormon yang
dihasilkan beserta letaknya?
4. Fungsi dari masing-masing hormon yang dihasilkan kelenjar endokrin ?
5. Klasifikasi hormon berdasarkan mekanisme kerjanya ?
6. perbedaan hormon pada laki-laki dan perempuan ?
7. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dari mekanisme sekresi hormon ?
8. Mekanisme pengaturan pengeluaran hormon oleh hipotalamus dan
hipofisis ?
9. Bagaimana hubungan antara hipofisis dan hipotalamus ?

10.Perbedaan dari adenohipofisis dan neurohipofisis ?

11.Jelaskan mekanisme sekresi dan ekskresi ?
STEP 3
1. Bagaimana peranan sistem hormon ?

Overall Functions of the Endocrine System In its regulatory role, the

endocrine system exerts wide-ranging eff ects throughout the body,
including the following:
1. Regulating nutrient metabolism and H2O and electrolyte balance,
which are important collectively in maintaining aconstant internal
environment
2. Inducing adaptive changes to help the body cope with stressful
situations
3. Promoting smooth, sequential growth and development
4. Controlling reproduction
5. Regulating red blood cell production
6. Along with the autonomic nervous system, controlling and
integrating activities of both the circulatory and the digestive
systems
[Lauralee_Sherwood]_Fundamentals_of_Human_Physiolo(Bookos.org
)
2. Bagaimana pengaruh hormon terhadap metabolisme tubuh ?
untuk regulasi metabolisme
untuk menyeimbangkan tubuh / homeostasis
3. Kelenjar apa saja yang ada di dalam tubuh beserta hormon yang
dihasilkan beserta letaknya?

Pankreas

Table 20-3. Cell Types in Human Islets of Langerhans.

Cell Quantity Position

Type

Hormone
Produced

Hormonal Function

Usually in
periphery

Glucagon

Acts on several tissues to make energy

stored in glycogen and fat available through
glycogenolysis and lipolysis; increases blood
glucose content

Central
region

Insulin

Acts on several tissues to cause entry of

glucose into cells and promotes decrease of
blood glucose content

20%
B
70%
D

<5%

Variable

Somatostatin

Inhibits release of other islet cell hormones

through local paracrine action

Rare

Variable

Pancreatic
polypeptide

Control of gastric secretion? Control of

secretion of the exocrine pancreas?

Hipofisis ( pasr Distalis )

Table 201. Secretory Cells of the Pars Distalis.

Cell Type

Stain
Affinity

HormoneProduced

Main Physiological Activities

Somatotropic
cell

Acidophilic Growth hormone (GH, Anabolic activity: increased protein,

somatotropin)
DNA, RNA synthesis, increased
blood glucose, increased use of fat in
fat cells (some of these effects via
insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1,
produced mainly in the liver)
Stimulates growth of long bones via
IGF-1 produced locally acting on
differentiation of chondrocytes

Mammotropic Acidophilic Prolactin (PRL)

cell

Promotes milk secretion (depends on

earlier action of estrogen,
progesterone, and placental
hormones)

Gonadotropic
cell

Promotes ovarian follicle

development and estrogen secretion
in women

Basophilic Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Stimulates spermatogenesis in men

Luteinizing hormone
(LH)

Promotes ovarian follicle maturation

and progesterone secretion in women

Cell Type

Stain
Affinity

HormoneProduced

Main Physiological Activities

Leydig cell stimulation and androgen
secretion in men

Thyrotropic
cell

Basophilic Thyrotropin (TSH)

Stimulates thyroid hormone

synthesis, storage, and liberation

Corticotropic
cell

Basophilic Corticotropin (ACTH)

Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex

hormones

-Melanocytestimulating hormone? (
-MSH)
Melanotropes? Basophilic

Darkening of skin, inhibition of

appetite in the hypothalamus, other
actions

-Melanocytestimulating hormone? (
-MSH)

Table 202. Hormones Produced in the Hypothalamus and Liberated in the Hypophysis.

Hormones Liberated in the Median

Eminence

Hormones Liberated in the Pars Nervosa

Hormone

Hormone

Function

Arginine
vasopressin or
antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)

Increases water permeability

of collecting ducts of the
kidney and promotes
vascular smooth muscle
contraction

Function

ThyrotropinStimulates release of
releasing hormone thyrotropin and
(TRH)
prolactin

GonadotropinStimulates the release Oxytocin

releasing hormone of both follicle(GnRH)
stimulating hormone
and luteinizing
hormone

Contraction of myoepithelial
cells of the mammary gland
and uterine smooth muscle

4. perbedaan hormon pada laki-laki dan perempuan ?

testosteron: pada laki-laki lebih banyak
estrogen:hnya pd wanita
progesteron:hnya pada wanita
prolaktin:hnya pd wanita
5. Jelaskan mekanisme sekresi dan ekskresi ?

sekresi: rangsanganhipotalamushormon bekerjaorgan target

mempunyai reseptorumpan balik + ekskresi: beda sama sekresi !! ntar dicari lagi yaa !!!
6. Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dari mekanisme sekresi hormon ?
rangsangan internal dan eksternal

7. Mekanisme pengaturan pengeluaran hormon oleh hipotalamus

dan hipofisis ?

Relationship between the hypothalamus, the hypophysis, and the thyroid. Thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH) promotes secretion of thyrotropin (TSH), which regulates the synthesis and secretion

of the hormones T3 and T4. In addition to their effect on target tissues and organs, these hormones
regulate TSH and TRH secretion from the pars distalis and the hypothalamus by a negative-feedback.
Solid arrows indicate stimulation; dashed arrows indicate inhibition.

8. Bagaimana hubungan antara hipofisis dan hipotalamus ?

9. Perbedaan dari adenohipofisis dan neurohipofisis ?