15 WAYS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Activated sludge is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and
a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.

Advanced oxidation processes (abbreviation: AOPs), in a broad sense, refers to a set of

chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic (and sometimes inorganic)
materials in water and waste water by oxidation through reactions with hydroxyl
radicals (OH).[1] In real-world applications of wastewater treatment, however, this term
usually refers more specifically to a subset of such chemical processes that
employ ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or UV light.[2] One such type of process is
called in situ chemical oxidation.

Aerated lagoon or aerated basin is a holding and/or treatment pond provided with
artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters.[1][2][3] There are many
other biological processes for treatment of wastewaters, for example activated
sludge, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors and biofilters. They all have in common
the use of oxygen (or air) and microbial action to biotreat the pollutants in wastewaters.

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break

down biodegradable material in the absence ofoxygen.[1] The process is used for industrial or
domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to produce fuels. Much of thefermentation used
industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses
anaerobic digestion.

Biofiltration is a pollution control technique using living material to capture and biologically
degrade process pollutants. Common uses include processing waste water, capturing
harmful chemicals or silt from surface runoff, and microbiotic oxidation of contaminants in air.
Bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a
biologically active environment.[1] In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical
process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived
from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. These bioreactors
are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from litres to cubic metres, and are often made
of stainless steel.

Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated carbon to remove
contaminants and impurities, using chemical absorption.

Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids
being deposited by sedimentation.[1] A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates
or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and (or) thickening. Concentrated impurities,
discharged from the bottom of the tank are known as sludge, while the particles that float to
the surface of the liquid are called scum.

Desalination, desalinization, and desalinisation refer to any of several processes that

remove some amount ofsalt and other minerals from saline water. More generally,
desalination may also refer to the removal of salts and minerals,[1] as in soil desalination,
which also happens to be a major issue for agricultural production. [2]

Electrocoagulation (EC), is a rapidly growing area of wastewater treatment, less well

known as radio frequency diathermy or short wave electrolysis, is a technique used for
wash water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial processed water, and medical
treatment. Electricity-based electrocoagulation technology removes contaminants that are
generally more difficult to remove by filtration or chemical treatment systems, such as
emulsified oil, total petroleum hydrocarbons, refractory organics, suspended solids,
andheavy metals. There are many brands of electrocoagulation devices available and they
can range in complexity from a simple anode and cathode to much more complex devices
with control over electrode potentials, passivation, anode consumption, cell REDOX
potentials as well as the introduction of ultrasonic sound, ultraviolet light and a range of
gases and reactants to achieve so-called Advanced Oxidation Processes
for refractory or recalcitrant organic substances.
Electrodeionization is a water treatment technology that utilizes
an electrode to ionize water molecules and separate dissolved ions(impurities) from water. It
differs from other water purification technologies in that it is done without the use of chemical
treatments and is usually a tertiary treatment to reverse osmosis (RO). There are also EDI
units that use a small bed with ion-exchange resin to enhance the deionization further, this is
often referred to as Continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) since the electric current
regenerates the resin mass continuously. CEDI technique can achieve very high purity, with
conductivity being below 0.1uS/cm.
Flotation process (sometimes called flotation separation) is a method of separation widely
used in the wastewatertreatment and mineral processing industries.
Maceration, in sewage treatment, the use of a machine that reduces solids to small pieces
in order to deal with rags and other solid waste. Also, macerating toilets, which use a
grinding or blending mechanism to reduce human waste to a slurry, which can then be
moved by pumping. This is useful when, for example, water pressure is low or one wishes to
install a toilet below the sewer drain pipe.

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to

remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving
water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and
oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids
by sedimentation.[2]Clarifiers are tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of
solids being deposited by sedimentation.

Treatment pond treats water fouled by anaerobic bacteria. It is used mainly by tree
nurseries, dairy farms and other agricultural companies near horse or cattle sheds or barns.
The pond treats polluted stormwater and animal wastewater so that it may be returned to the
environment as fertilizer and irrigation water.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

ARLEGUI, QUIAPO MANILA

MIDTERM
ASSIGNMENT #2
15 WAYS OF WASTE
WATER TREATMENT

PREPARED BY: Labador Edward David M.

PREPARED TO: Engineer Chaves
SUBJECT/TIME: ENVI003/ T/TH 3:00 - 4:30pm