Study of Tensile and Impact Property Matrix by Reinforcement of Calcium Carbonate in Different Ratio in High Density Polyethylene

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

Email: editoriijme@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-6441
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2015
Study of Tensile and impact property matrix by

reinforcement of calcium carbonate in different
ratio in High density polyethylene
Pratibha Gupta1, M.D. Choudary2
1
Technical Manager (Lab) Miltech Industry, MIDC, Nagpur, MS
Professor & Head, Department of applied Science, BDCOE, Sevagram, Wardha, MS
ABSTRACT
The polymeric material can be broadly classified in term of their relative brittleness, softness, toughness and hardness. The
tensile stress- strain curve is considered as the stiffness of the polymeric material. Tensile test in abroad sense is a
measurement of the ability of a material to withstand forces that tend to pull it apart and to determine to what extent the
material stretches. Impact properties of the polymeric material are also directly related to the overall toughness of the material.
Impact test is to measure the relative susceptibility of a standard test specimen to the pendulum type impact load. In present
experiment Particular size of calcium carbonate is reinforced in high density polyethylene (HDPE) in different weight ratio
.The objective of present experiment to study the tensile properties and Impact properties of reinforced blended material as
compare to neat material.
Keyword:- Calcium Carbonate, HDPE, Tensile Properties & Impact properties.
1.INTRODUCTION
Tensile strength, %Elongation and tensile modulus measurements are among the most important indication of the
strength of material and are most widely specified properties of the plastic material. The forces applied to produce
deformation per unit area of the test specimen is called as stress of the material and it is expressed in Newton per
millimeter square (N/mm2). It is tested as per ASTMD 638 standard test method.
Change in gauge length per unit of the of the original Gauge length of the specimen is known as strain of the material
It is expressed as dimensional less ratio . It is tested as per the ASTMD 638 standard test method.
The tensile testing machine of a constant rate of cross head movement is used. It has a fixed stationary member
carrying one grip and a moveable member carrying another self aligning grip, used for holding the test specimen
between the fixed and movable member to prevent alignment problem. A controlled velocity drive mechanism is used
to maintain the constant cross head motion between the two grips. A load indicating mechanism is used for indicating
total tensile load with an accuracy of the indicated value. An extension indicator, commonly known as the extensometer
is used to determine the distance between gauge length of the test specimen, as the specimen stretches during the test.
Test specimen used for tensile strength is molded by injection molding with required injection molding machine
parameter that is speed, pressure and temperature of the machine. The test specimen dimensions vary considerably
confirming the requirement given in the ASTMD 638 Type 1. The specimens are conditioned in the standard
laboratory atmosphere of 233C and 505% relative humidity for 24 Hrs after molding in present experiment. The
speed of testing is a relative of grips during the test, in present investigation speed of testing used is 50mm per minute.
The test specimen is positioned vertically between the grips of the testing machine, the grips are tightened firmly and
evenly to prevent any slippage, speed of machine is set and the machine is started. As the specimen elongated, the
resistance of the specimen increases and is directly indicated on the display propositional to load cell . The force value
(load) is recorded and the elongation of the specimen is continued until a rapture of the specimen observed, Load value
at break is also recorded . The Tensile strength at yield is calculated as
Tensile Strength at yield = forced/cross-sectional area
%Elongation at yield = (l /l) *100
Izod Impact Strength is carried out as per ASTMD 256 standard test method, the objective of Izod impact test is to
measure the relative susceptibility of the standard test specimen to the pendulum impact load and the results are
expressed in term of kinetic energy consumed by the pendulum in order to break the specimen. The energy required to
break a standard specimen is actually the sum of energies needed to deform it to initiate its fracture, and to propagates
the fracture across it and the energy needed to throw broken ends of the specimen.
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ISSN 2321-6441
The higher is the impact strength of the material, the higher the toughness and vice versa, Impact resistance is the
ability of the material to resist breaking under a shock loading or the ability to resist the fracture under stress applied at
higher speed.
The specimen used in both tests is usually notched; the reason of notching the specimen is to provide a stress
concentration area that promotes a brittle rather than the ductile failure. A plastic deformation is prevented by such
type of notch in the specimen the impact value is seriously affected because of notched sensitivity of certain types
plastic material.
The Izod impact test require a specimen to be clamped vertically a cantilever beam. The specimen is stuck by a swing
of a pendulum release from a fixed distance from the specimen clamp. A similar setup is used for the Charpy impact
strength except the positioning of the specimen; in this case specimen is supported horizontally as simple beam and
fracture by the blow delivered in the middle by the pendulum. The advantage of the Charpy test over the Izod test is
that the specimen does not have to be clamped and therefore it is free of vibration in clamping pressure.
The testing machine consist of a heavy based with a vise for clamping the specimen in place during the test , vise is
used to clamp the specimen vertically for the Izod impact test or positioned horizontally for the Charpy test without
making any changes . a pendulum type hammer with an antifriction bearing is used , additional weights may be
attached to the hammer for breaking tougher plastic specimen . The pendulum is connected to a pointer and dial
mechanism that indicate the excess energy remaining in the pendulum after breaking the specimen. The specimen is
prepared by cutting them from bar. A notch is cut into a specimen very carefully by notch cutting machine. In present
investigation a hammer of 2.71j is used.
The specimen is clamped into position so that the notched end of the specimen is facing the striking edge of the
pendulum. The pendulum hammer is released and allows striking the specimen and swing through to break the
specimen.
The Impact strength is calculated by dividing the impact energy value obtained by the thickness of the specimen.
Izod Impact Strength = Impact energy (J)/ thickness (M)
Charpy Impact strength = Impact energy (J)/ thickness (M)
Experiment
In present experiment, HDPE used for this work is Relene Grade. M60075 of Reliance Industries Ltd. [Density: 0.94
gm/cc; MFI: 8-10 gm/10 minute]. The nano-filler used in this work is calcium carbonate, purchase from local market
in Maharashtra. The Calcium carbonate (coated) used is having average particle size 9-11 nm, Grade OMYACARB 2T
SA of Omya Malaysia SDN BHD Malaysia.
For tensile strength test universal tensile testing machine is used having capacity of 3000kgs of M/s Deepak polyplast
pvt. Ltd Ahmadabad India and for Izod Impact /Charpy Impact strength test , a Impact / Charpy tester of M/s
International Equipment India is used having variable energy hammer and automatic sensing device to read the energy
absorbed during the test .
Fig 1: Izod/Charpy impact tester
Fig 2: Universal Tensile tester
In this investigation calcium carbonate of average particle size 2-11m is blended with high density polyethylene in
different proportion by weight as below and results of tensile strength, Izod Impact strength and Charpy strength test
are stipulated below
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ISSN 2321-6441
Table 1: Tensile strength at 232C
S.No
Composition
Tensile
(HDPE:Ca
stre
Co3)
ngt
h
(Mp
a)
1. HDPE
20.97
2. HDCC1(95:5)
22.99
3. HDCC2(90:10) 20.91
4. HDCC3(85:15) 20.27
5. HDCC4(80:20) 19.48
6. HDCC5(75:25) 20.17
7. HDCC6(70:30) 17.47
8. HDCC7(65:35) 19.02
9. HDCC8(60:40) 17.07
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Table 2: Izod Impact strength at 232C
S.No
Composition
Izod Impact
(HDPE:Ca
strength
Co3)
J/M
1. HDPE
66.55
2. HDCC1(95:5)
32.22
3. HDCC2(90:10) 44.13
4. HDCC3(85:15) 58.39
5. HDCC4(80:20) 70.82
6. HDCC5(75:25) 71.97
7. HDCC6(70:30) 81.72
8. HDCC7(65:35) 107.53
9. HDCC8(60:40) 152.69
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ISSN 2321-6441
Table 3: Charpy Impact strength at 232C
S.No
Composition
(HDPE:CaCo3
)
Charpy
Impact
strength
J/M
1. HDPE
99.19
2. HDCC1(95:5)
51.69
3. HDCC2(90:10
77.19
)
4. HDCC3(85:15
90.28
)
5. HDCC4(80:20
233.77
)
6. HDCC5(75:25
170.97
)
7. HDCC6(70:30
196.45
)
8. HDCC7(65:35
260.45
)
9. HDCC8(60:40
294.59
Result and conclusion

1. The result obtained for tensile strength test for different reinforcement as tabulated in the table1, it is observed that
value of tensile strength is not much effected and its ranges from 17.0 Mpa to 23.0 Mpa as compare to the neat
material. The highest value obtained in 5 % combination and lowest value obtained in 40 % combination. This
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ISSN 2321-6441
shows that toughness of the material is affected up to 28% as compared to the neat material and this combination is
good for the applications where vertical toughness is not much required.
2. For Izod impact strength test value as tabulated in Table 2 show the mixed trend that is decreases first as compared
to neat material up to 15 % of calcium carbonate blend and then increases tremendously as the calcium carbonate
percentage is increased. This shows that horizontal toughness of material is increased by 43% as compared to the
neat material .
3. For Charpy impact strength test value as tabulated in Table 3 also show the mixed trend as Izod impact value that
is decreases first as compared to neat material up to 15 % of calcium carbonate blend and then increases
tremendously as the calcium carbonate percentage is increased. This shows that horizontal toughness of material is
increased by 34% as compared to the neat material .
References
[1] Mechanical properties chapter 2 of handbook of plastic testing technology by Vishnu shah performance engineered
product , Inc. Pomona, California
[2] Toughening of polypropylene with calcium carbonate particles
ARTICLE in POLYMER JANUARY 2003 By W.C.J. Zuiderduin, C. Westzaan, J. Hue tink, R.J. Gaymans,
Department of Chemical Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
[3] The Use of Calcium Carbonate in Polyolefins Offers Significant Improvement in Productivity by M.D. Roussel,
A.R. Guy, L.G. Shaw, and J.E. Cara Omya, Inc. 61 Main St. Proctor, VT 05765
[4] EFFECT OF NANOCLAY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPATIBILIZED ETHYLENE VINYL
ACETATE COPOLYMER / HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLENDS by Atul Rajan1, Pradeep
Upadhyaya1, Navin Chand2 , Vijai Kumar1 1Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Lucknow,
India 2Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
[5] The Influence of Filler Component on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Analysis of PP-LDPE and PPLDPE/DAP Ternary Composites by Kamil irin1, Mehmet Balcan2 and Fatih Doan3 1Celal Bayar University,
Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Manisa.
[6] Comparison of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate/Polylactic Acid and Halloysite/Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites By
XuetaoShi,1,2 GuangchengZhang,1 CristinaSiligardi,3
GuidoOri,3,andAndreaLazzeri2,1DepartmentofAppliedChemistry,SchoolofScience,NorthwesternPolytechnicalUni
versity,Xian710072,China
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,IndustrialChemistryandMaterialsScience,UniversityofPisa,ViaDiotisalvi2,
56126 Pisa,Italy DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofModenaandReggioEmilia,41100Modena,Italy
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Study of Tensile and Impact Property Matrix by Reinforcement of Calcium Carbonate in Different Ratio in High Density Polyethylene

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Study of Tensile and Impact Property Matrix by Reinforcement of Calcium Carbonate in Different Ratio in High Density Polyethylene

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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2015