A-ar L.

Febre
BSME 1-2

December 11, 2015

1. Differentiate among phrase, clause, and sentence.

What is a phrase?
Words can be grouped together, but without a subject or a verb. This is called a phrase.
Because a phrase has neither subject nor verb, it cant form a predicate. This is a structure that
must contain a verb, and it tells you something about what the subject is doing.
Phrases can be very short or quite long. Two examples of phrases are:
After dinner
Waiting for the rain to stop.
Phrases cant be used alone, but you can use them as part of a sentence, where they are used as
parts of speech.
What is a clause?
Clauses are groups of words that have both subjects and predicates. Unlike phrases, a clause can
sometimes act as a sentence this type of clause is called an independent clause. This isnt
always the case, and some clauses cant be used on their own these are called subordinate
causes, and need to be used with an independent clause to complete their meaning.
An example of a subordinate clause is When the man broke into the house
An example of an independent clause is the dog barked at him
While the independent clause could be used by itself as a complete sentence, the subordinate
clause could not. For it to be correct, it would need to be paired with another clause: When the
man broke into the house, the dog barked at him.
What is a sentence?
A complete sentence has a subject and predicate, and can often be composed of more than one
clause. As long as it has a subject and a predicate, a group of words can form a sentence, no
matter how short.
E.g. You ate fish.
More complex sentences can combine multiple clauses or phrases to add additional information
about what is described. Clauses may be combined using conjunctions such as and, but
and or.
E.g. He went out to dinner but didnt enjoy the meal.
This example is composed of two independent clauses, he went out to dinner and he didnt
enjoy the meal, combined with a conjunction- but.
2. What are the different kinds of sentence according to structure? Give examples for each.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence consists of only one independent clause containing a subject and a verb and it
expresses complete thought. There is no dependent clause. An independent clause (also called
main clause) is called a simple sentence.
Examples:

He laughed.
She ate an apple.
They are sleeping.
I bought a book.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of at least two independent clauses joined by coordinating
conjunctions. There is no dependent clause in compound sentence. The coordinating
conjunctions use to join independent clauses are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Independent
clauses can also be joined by a semicolon (;). A comma may or may not be used before the
conjunction in compound sentence.
Examples:
I like an apple but my brother likes a mango.
I helped him and he became happy.
He failed two times yet he is not disappointed.
I asked him a question; he replied correctly.
Complex Sentence
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause joined
by subordinating conjunction (because, although, since, when, unless etc) or relative pronoun
(that, who, which etc).
Examples:
I met the boy who had helped me.
She is wearing a shirt which looks nice.
You cant pass the test unless you study for it.
If a complex sentence begins with an independent clause, a comma is not used between clauses
in a complex sentence. If a complex sentence begins with dependent clause then a comma is use
after dependent clause in a complex sentence. See the following example.
He is playing well although he is ill.
Although he is ill, he is playing well.
Complex - Compound Sentence
A complex-compound sentence consists of at least two independents and one or more dependent
clauses. It is also sometimes called compound-complex Sentence.
Examples:
1. He went to college and I went to a market where I bought a book.
2. I like Mathematics but my bother likes Biology because he wants to be a doctor.
In the first sentence of above sentence, there are two independent clauses he went to college
and I went to a market, and one dependent clause where I bought a book.
3. Write a self introduction (including insights about this writing course). Construct an
interesting title.

Writing for You and Me

Im A-ar L. Febre, a proud alumnus of Pasig City Science High School, now a proud
scholar studying here in Polytechnic University of the Philippines. I took up Mechanical
Engineering because I didnt pass the aptitude test for Civil Engineering. The questions were
way too hard for me to answer, some of which are topics we didnt discussed in high school. But
at the end of the day, I think Im really destined to be a Mechanical Engineering student. I have
met new friends and most of them are boys, which is the complete opposite when Im in high
school.
So what do I expect in this writing course? Of course a lot of writing! I do think we are
going to write research papers, which we have done for 3 years of stay in Pasig City Science
High School. I do expect that we will be having a thesis for this course, because we have one on
the counterpart course which is Pagbasa at Pagsulat Tungo sa Pananaliksik. Honestly I hate
writing long papers but I do think taking up this course will help me hone my writing skills, not
only that but also vocabulary, grammar, and diction.