Alphabetical Statistical Symbols:

Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Y- intercept of least
square regression line
Slope of least
squares regression
line

B (n, p)

Binomial
distribution with
parameters n and
p

c
n

Meaning

n-c-r
r

n, r

Cov (X, Y)

n-c-r

Covariance
between X and Y

Formula

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)

a = y b x , for line y = a + bx

Regression: y on x

( x x)( y y)
b=
( x x)

Regression: y on x

for line y = a + bx

Discrete probability
If X follows B (n, p) then,
n
distribution for the
P (X = r) = C r p r (1 p) nr ,
probability of number
of successes in n
Where, 0 < p <1,
independent random
r = 0,1,2, ...n
trials under the
identical conditions.
Confidence level
c P( z c Normal(0,1) z c )
Combinations
n!
n
, where n r

C
r
(number of
r!(n r )!
combinations of n
objects taken r at a
time)
Combinations
n!
C n,r r!(n r )! , where n r
(number of
combinations of n
objects taken r at a
time)
Covariance between
Cov (X) =E [(X-E (X))(Y- E (Y)]
X&Y

Binomial Distribution

Confidence interval

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Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Meaning

Formula

CV

Coefficient of
variation

CV=

df
E

Degree(s) of freedom
Maximal error
tolerance

E zc

E (f (x))

Expected value of
f (x)

f
F

S tan dard Deviation

.
Arithmatic mean

for large samples.

E (f (x)) =
Frequency
F-distribution
variable

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)

f ( x) P( x )

f = number of times score.

12
F=

n1

where n1 and n2

2
2

F-distribution,
Hypothesis testing for
are the equality of 2
variances.

n2
corresponding degrees of freedom.
F (x) or F x

Distribution function

f (x) or f x

Probability mass
function

Depends on the distribution.

f x 0 & f x dx = 1.
The null hypothesis is the hypothesis Testing of hypothesis
about the population parameter.
An alternate hypothesis is constructed in Testing of hypothesis
such a way that it is the one to be
accepted when the null hypothesis must
be rejected.
Measures of central
IQR = Q - Q
3
1
tendency.

Fx

f x dx

H0

H-naught

Null hypothesis.

H1

H-one

Alternate hypothesis.

IQR

Interquartile range

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Symbol
MS

Text
Equivalent
M-S

n
N

Meaning
Mean square
MS=

p-hat

Sample size.
Population size
Permutation (number
of ways to arrange in
order n distinct
objects taking them r
at a time)
Permutation (number
of ways to arrange in
order n distinct
objects taking them r
at a time)
Sample proportion

P (A | B)

Probability of A
given B

Conditional
probability

P (x)

Probability of x

Probability of x

n, r

Pr

p-value

n-p-r

n-p-r

Formula

The attained level of

significance.

Probability of not
happening of the
event

SS
df

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)
Analysis of variance
(ANOVA)

n = number of units in a sample.

N = Number of units in the population.
n!
Pn,r (n r )! , where n r

Pr

n!
, where n r
(n r )!

Binomial distribution
number of success
.
number of trials
P( A B)
P (A | B) =
P( B)
No.of favorable outcomes
P (x) =
Total no.of outcomes
P value is the smallest level of
significance for which the observed
sample statistic tells us to reject the null
hypothesis.
q=1p
p

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Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Q-one

Q-two
2

Meaning
First quartile

Q-three

Second quartile
Or Median
Third quartile
Sample Correlation
coefficient

r-square

R2

r-square

= Median of the lower half of the Measures of central

tendency
data that is data below median.
of central
Q2 = Central value of an ordered data. Measures
tendency
of central
Q3 = Median of the upper half of the Measures
tendency
data that is data above the median.
Co var iance ( X , Y )
r
[ SD( X )] * [ SD(Y )]

Coefficient of
determination
Multiple correlation
coefficient
Sample standard
deviation

2
r (Correlatio n coefficien t)

R2 1

S e2

S-square

s-e- square

Sample variance

Error variance

mean square error

S y2

(x x)

for ungrouped data.

n 1

f (x x)
f 1
(x x)

for grouped data.

S e2

n 1
f (x x)2

f 1

Measures of
dispersion

s2

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)

Formula

for ungrouped data.

Measures of
dispersion

for grouped data

sum of squares of residuals

.
n

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Symbol

Text
Equivalent

SD

Meaning
Sample standard
deviation

Formula

(x x)

Bowleys coefficient
of skewness

skb

Pearsons coefficient
of skewness

skp

Sum of Squares

SS x

for ungrouped data.

n 1

f (x x)
f 1

s
skb =

for grouped data.

(Q3 Q2) (Q2 Q1)

skp =

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)

(Q3 Q1)

Mean Mode
S tan dard Deviation

Measures of skew
ness
Measures of skew
ness

SS x ( x x) 2 for ungrouped data.

SS x f ( x x) 2 for grouped data.

Students t variable.

tc

Var (X)
X

t critical

The critical value for

a confidence level c.

Variance of X

Variance of X
Independent variable
or explanatory
variable in regression
analysis

Normal (0,1)
n

t-distribution

2
n

t c =Number such that the area under the Testing of hypothesis

t distribution for a given number of
degrees of freedom falling between
t c and t c is equal to c.
Var (X) = E (X- ) 2
Eg. In the study of, yield obtained & the
irrigation level, independent variable is,
X= Irrigation level.

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Symbol
x

Text
Equivalent
x-bar

Meaning

Formula

Arithmetic mean or
Average of X scores.

x
y

Z-score

zc

z critical

Dependent variable
or response variable
in regression analysis
Standard normal
variable
(Normal variable
with mean = 0 & SD
= 1)
The critical value for
a confidence level c.

x
n

fx
f

for ungrouped data.

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)
Measures of central
tendency

for grouped data.

Eg. In the study of, yield obtained & the

irrigation level, dependent variable is,
Y= Yield obtained.
Standard normal
x
, where X follows
z
distribution

Normal ( , ).

z c = Number such that the area under Testing of hypothesis

the standard normal curve falling
Confidence interval
between z c and z c is equal to c.

Greek Statistical Symbols:

Symbol

Text
Equivalent
Alpha

Meaning
Type I error or
Level of Significance.

Formula
= P [Rejecting the null hypothesis |

Link to Glossary (if

appropriate)
Hypothesis Testing

Null hypothesis is true].

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Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Meaning

Beta

Type II error or
Power of the test.

Epsilon

Error Term in
regression/statistics; more
generally used to denote
an arbitrarily small
positive number

Chi-square

Chi-square distribution

Chi-square

Chi-square distribution

Gamma-n

Gamma function

Lambda

Mu

Parameter used for

Poisson distribution
Arithmetic mean or
Average of the
population.

(n)

Formula
= P [Accepting the null hypothesis |
Null hypothesis is False].
y = 0+ 1 *x +

= Sum of n independent Standard Chi-square distribution.

normal variables
Goodness of fit test
(O E ) 2
where O is the
2
E
observed frequency and E is the
expected frequency.
Or
(n 1) s 2
2
(?)

2
2

Mu-r

th

r central moment

'r

Hypothesis Testing
Regression

(n)

Mu-r-dash

rth Raw moment

Rho

Population correlation
coefficient

= (n-1) !

= Mean of Poisson distribution

Poisson distribution

x
N

= E (x) =

Link to Glossary (if

appropriate)

xP(x)

= E [(X- )r]

Measures of central tendency.

'r = E (Xr)
Covariance ( X , Y )

SD( X ) * SD(Y )

Measures of central tendency.

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Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Meaning

Sigma

Summation

Sigma

Population Standard
Deviation

Formula

x = Sum of x scores.
(x )

Sigma square Population variance

Measures of dispersion

Link to Glossary (if

appropriate)

E[( x ) 2 ]

(x )

( x ) P( x )
2

Measures of dispersion

Mathematical Statistical Symbols:

Symbol

Text
Equivalent

Meaning

Factorial

Complement

Product of all integers up

to the given number
not

Union

or

Intersection

And

Formula

Link to Glossary
(if appropriate)

n! = n (n-1) (n-2) .. 1.
0! = 1
c

For example: A is not A

For example:(A B) is happening of
either event A or event B
For example: (A B) is happening of
both event A and event B

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