Unit3QuizFoundationsforinference

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Question1
SupposeweareinterestedinstudyinghowmuchchocolateisconsumedbyCourserastudents,
measuredingramsperweek.Aftersurveying500students,wecalculateanaverageof175grams
perweekwithastandarddeviationof195gramsperweek.Whichofthefollowingisnotnecessarily
true?
Ahistogramofthesampleswillbeskewedtotheright.
x
= 175, s = 195

= 175 , = 195
Apointestimateforthepopulationstandarddeviationis195.

Question2
Researchersstudyinganthropometrycollectedvariousbodyandskeletalmeasurementsfor507
physicallyactiveindividuals.Thehistogrambelowshowsthesampledistributionofheightsin
centimeters.Ifthe507individualsareasimplerandomsampleandletsassumetheyarethenthe
samplemeanisapointestimateforthemeanheightofallactiveindividuals.Whatmeasuredowe
usetoquantifythevariabilityofsuchanestimate?Computethisquantityusingthedatafromthis
sampleandchoosethebestanswerbelow.

meansquarederror=0.105
standarddeviation=0.417
standarddeviation=0.019
standarderror=0.417
standarderror=0.019

Question3
ForthestandarddeviationorsandthestandarderrorSE,whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsetof
descriptions?
:variabilityinsampledata
s:variabilityinpointestimatesfromdifferentsamplesofthesamesizeandfromsamepopulation
SE:variabilityinpopulationdata

:variabilityinsampledata
SE:variabilityinpointestimatesfromdifferentsamplesofthesamesizeandfromsame
population
s:variabilityinpopulationdata
SE:variabilityinsampledata
:variabilityinpopulationdata
s:variabilityinpointestimatesfromdifferentsamplesofthesamesizeandfromsamepopulation

s:variabilityinsampledata
SE:variabilityinpointestimatesfromdifferentsamplesofthesamesizeandfromsame
population
:variabilityinpopulationdata

Question4
Fourplotsarepresentedbelow.Theplotatthetopisadistributionforapopulation.Themeanis60
andthestandarddeviationis18.Alsoshownbelowisadistributionof
(1)asinglerandomsampleof500valuesfromthispopulation,
(2)adistributionof500samplemeansfromrandomsamplesofeachsize18,
(3)adistributionof500samplemeansfromrandomsamplesofeachsize81.
Determinewhichplot(A,B,orC)iswhich.

(1)onesample,n=500PlotA
(2)500samples,n=18PlotB
(3)500samples,n=81PlotC
(1)onesample,n=500PlotB
(2)500samples,n=18PlotC
(3)500samples,n=81PlotA
(1)onesample,n=500PlotC
(2)500samples,n=18PlotB
(3)500samples,n=81PlotA
(1)onesample,n=500PlotC
(2)500samples,n=18PlotA
(3)500samples,n=81PlotB
(1)onesample,n=500PlotA
(2)500samples,n=18PlotC
(3)500samples,n=81PlotB

Question5
TogetanestimateofconsumerspendingintheU.S.followingtheThanksgivingholiday,436
randomlysampledAmericanadultsweresurveyed.Theirdailyspendingforthesixdayperiod
followingThanksgivingaveraged$84.71.A95%confidenceintervalbasedonthissampleis($80.31,
$89.11).Whichofthefollowingaretrue?
I. Weare95%confidentthattheaveragespendingofthe436Americanadultsinthissampleis
between$80.31and$89.11.
II. Ifwecollectedmanyrandomsamplesofthesamesizeandcalculatedaconfidenceintervalfor
dailyspendingforeachsample,thenwewouldexpect95%oftheintervalstocontainthetrue
populationparameter.
III. Weare95%confidentthattheaveragespendingofallAmericanadultsisbetween$80.31and
$89.11.
IandII
IandIII
IIandIII
I,II,andIII
None

Question6
Readthefollowingscenarioandthen,fromthechoicesthatfollow,choosethecorrectsetof
hypothesesforthescenario:

Since2008,chainrestaurantsinCaliforniahavebeenrequiredtodisplaycaloriecountsofeachmenu
item.Priortomenusdisplayingcaloriecounts,theaveragecalorieintakeofdinersatarestaurantwas
1100calories.Aftercaloriecountsstartedtobedisplayedonmenus,anutritionistcollecteddataon
thenumberofcaloriesconsumedatthisrestaurantfromarandomsampleofdiners.Dothesedata
provideconvincingevidenceofadifferenceintheaveragecalorieintakeofadinersatthisrestaurant?
= 1100
H0 : x

HA : x

= 1100
: < 1100

H0 :
HA

1100

H0 : x
= 1100
HA : x
> 1100

= 1100
: 1100

H0 :
HA

Question7
Yourfriendlikestoshowofftohiscoworkersusingstatisticalterminology,buthemakeserrorsso
muchthatyouoftenhavetocorrecthim.Hejustcompletedthefollowinghypothesistest:

H0:=100HA:100
x=105,s=10,n=40
pvalue=0.0016

Heclaimsthedefinitionofthispvalueistheprobabilityofobtainingasamplemeanof105froma
randomsampleofn=40whenthetruepopulationmeanisassumedtobe100.Whichofthe
followingistrue?(Youmayassumehiscalculationsarecorrect,onlyfocusonhisinterpretation.)
Yourfriendiswrong,thesamplesizeisirrelevant.

Yourfriendiswrong,thestatementshouldberevisedastheprobabilityofobtainingasample
meanof105ormoreextremefromarandomsampleofn=40whenthetruepopulationmeanis
assumedtobe100."

Yourfriendiswrong,thestatementshouldberevisedastheprobabilityofobtainingasample
meanof105fromarandomsampleofn=40whenthetruepopulationmeanisassumedtobe
differentthan105.
Yourfriendisright.

Question8
Supposewecollectedasampleofsizen=100fromsomepopulationandusedthedatatocalculate
a95%confidenceintervalforthepopulationmean.Nowsupposewearegoingtoincreasethesample
sizeton=300.Keepingallelseconstant,whichofthefollowingwouldweexpecttooccurasaresult
ofincreasingthesamplesize?

I. Thestandarderrorwoulddecrease.
II. Widthofthe95%confidenceintervalwouldincrease.
III. Themarginoferrorwoulddecrease.
IIandIII
IandIII
IandII
I,II,andIII
None

Question9
Onesidedalternativehypothesesarephrasedintermsof:
or=
or
<or>

Question10
Yousetupatwosidedhypothesistestforapopulationmeanwithanullhypothesisof
H0 :

= 100.Youchoseasignificancelevelof = 0.05 .Thepvaluecalculatedfromthedatais

0.12,andhenceyoufailedtorejectthenullhypothesis.Supposethatafteryouranalysiswas
completedandpublished,anexpertinformedyouthatthetruevalueofis104.Howwouldyou
describetheresultofyouranalysis?
AType2errorwasmadebecauseyoufailedtorejectthenullhypothesisbutisreallynot
equalto100.
YoudidnotmakeaType1orType2error.
AType1errorwasmadebecauseyoufailedtorejectthenullhypothesisbutisreallynot
equalto100.

Question11
AstatisticianisstudyingbloodpressurelevelsofItaliansintheagerange7580.Thefollowingis
someinformationaboutherstudy:
I. Thedatawerecollectedbyresponsestoasurveyconductedbyemail,andnomeasureswere
takentogetinformationfromthosewhodidnotrespondtotheinitialsurveyemail.
II. Thesampleobservationsonlymakeupabout4%ofthepopulation.
III. Thesamplesizeis2,047.
IV. Thedistributionofsampleobservationsisskewedtheskewiseasytosee,althoughnotvery
extreme.
TheresearcherisreadytousetheCentralLimitTheorem(CLT)inthemainpartofheranalysis.
WhichaspectoftheherstudyismostlikelytopreventherfromusingtheCLT?
(IV),becausethereissomeskewinthesampledistribution.
(II),becausesheonlyhasdatafromasmallproportionofthewholepopulation.
(III),becausethesamplesizeistoosmallcomparedtoallItaliansintheagerange7580.
(I),becausethesamplemaynotberandomandhenceobservationsmaynotbeindependent.

Question12
SATscoresaredistributedwithameanof1,500andastandarddeviationof300.Youareinterested
inestimatingtheaverageSATscoreoffirstyearstudentsatyourcollege.Ifyouwouldliketolimitthe
marginoferrorofyour95%confidenceintervalto25points,atleasthowmanystudentsshouldyou
sample?
393
392
554
553
13,830

Question13
Thesignificancelevelinhypothesistestingistheprobabilityof

failingtorejectatruenullhypothesis
rejectinganullhypothesis
rejectinganalternativehypothesis
rejectingatruenullhypothesis
failingtorejectafalsenullhypothesis

Question14
Researchersinvestigatingcharacteristicsofgiftedchildrencollecteddatafromschoolsinalargecity
onarandomsampleofthirtysixchildrenwhowereidentifiedasgiftedchildrensoonafterthey
reachedtheageoffour.Thefollowinghistogramshowsthedistributionoftheages(inmonths)at
whichthesechildrenfirstcountedto10successfully.Alsoprovidedaresomesamplestatistics.
Supposeyoureadonlinethatchildrenfirstcountto10successfullywhentheyare32monthsold,on
average.Youperformahypothesistestevaluatingwhethertheaverageageatwhichgiftedchildren
firstcountto10isdifferentthanthegeneralaverageof32months.Whatisthepvalueofthe
hypothesistest?Choosetheclosestanswer.

0.9656
0.9312
0.0688
0.7183
0.0344

Question15
Researchersinvestigatingcharacteristicsofgiftedchildrencollecteddatafromschoolsinalargecity

onarandomsampleofthirtysixchildrenwhowereidentifiedasgiftedchildrensoonafterthey
reachedtheageoffour.Thefollowinghistogramshowsthedistributionoftheages(inmonths)at
whichthesechildrenfirstcountedto10successfully.Alsoprovidedaresomesamplestatistics.

Calculatea90%confidenceintervalfortheaverageageatwhichgiftedchildrenfirstcountto10
successfully.Choosetheclosestanswer.

(29.50,31.88)
(30.12,31.26)
(29.28,32.10)
(30.49,30.89)

InaccordancewiththeCourseraHonorCode,I(MohammadMottahedi)certifythatthe
answersherearemyownwork.

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