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Now to introduce you to this idea is relatively simple. Most tuners or tunings are
tuned to the standard 440hz = A reference point, and this is apparent around the
western world: practically any and all types of recorded music tune to this
standard.
The History
Pythagoras, the ancient Greek all-round smart person, was attributed a tuning
with a reference of 432hz for an A now simply called Pythagorean Tuning. It
is/was based on a tuning ratio of 3:2, whereas most Western musical tuning is
based on a ratio of 1:1 (not really sure what means, but its an easily researchable
topic). Complicated tuning ratios and mathematics aside, the traditional 440hz scale
looks like this (with the 432hz scale mentioned further down).
The sound of the scale reportedly makes the sound of perfect 5ths sound
harmonically rich and "smooth" while 3rds (particularly major and minor), which
have relatively complex tuning ratios of 81:64 and 32:27 respectively, sound
dissonant. To counter-act this problem with certain intervals, the Pythagorean
Scale idea came along. A Pythagorean Scale is simply put, any scale that is
comprised entirely of perfect 5ths and octaves. An example would be that old
chestnut, C Major. The dissonant intervals that arose from the Pythagorean
tuning are known as "wolf intervals" due to their sound (presumably, it sounds like
a wolf).
This tuning and scale were thought to have been wide-spread in the ancient world,
but now are both rarely heard about (bad pun) in modern music, mostly due to that
wolf interval and modern music generally being more harmonically exploratory (in
Pythagorean tuning, this approach would've caused the wolf interval to show up
more).
The "Experiment"
A few months ago, I tested out the 432hz reference on my guitar, tuned to D
standard and occasionally Drop C. I've been using this tuning up until right just
now where I decided to try 440 again to see if there'd be any discernible difference.
To test it out during recording, I did a cover of "Jane Doe" by Converge a month
or so after I started to use the tuning. (Shameless self-promoting linkage).
But turning back towards the point, overall I noticed a difference in the way things
sounded: Individual notes played in a scale sounded relatively indifferent to each
other, while the higher up the fretboard I played, the more noticeable a slight
discrepancy in notation became, until the point where I was confused over if my
intonation was out of whack or if it was just the tuning. I also noticed that an open
A# perfect 5th power chord (as if there's any other type of power chord)
sounded "clean", fully tuned and warmer than an open A#maj7 barre chord,
which sounded slightly out of tune but with a lot of "colour" to it, if that makes
sense (people with synesthesia will know more about that). In comparison, another
guitar tuned to 440 in E standard playing the same chords sounded flatter and
duller overall, but with much less underlying dissonance, having more consonance.
Even when tuning the strings to as close as 432 as possible, the dissonance was
still there, and it changed the way I started writing riffs, where death metallish
dissonance actually sounded nicer than playing melodies that used diatonic chord
patterns.
Another thing I sort of stumbled on, was that the guy who initially told me about
this, had recently "converted" the entire "Periphery II" album from (what was
apparently) 440hz to 432hz. All it needed was some editing in Audacity to change
it. I heard the song "Racecar" (actually from the first album) in 440 then 432. The
overall sound difference was noticeable, the 432 version sounding warmer, clearer
and instantly sounded more listenable (given my opinion on Periphery, that's
something, right?) but the 440 version felt tighter, with more aggressive energy.
You can actually try this experiment yourself (very thankfully, for free as free can
be): Download Audacity, which is freeware, follow these steps in this video and
discern whether or not there's any difference.
A = 432hz
D = 288hz
E = 324hz
G = 384hz
The main thing to take note is, they're (almost) whole numbers, and are wholly
divisible by 3. Apparently that means something, not entirely sure what myself, but
according to some scientist (John Stuart Reid), after developing a "Cymascope"
(after cymatics) which is essentially a really colourful oscilloscope or a more
interesting variation of cornstarch-in-a-subwoofer, made a note that any notes
tuned to 432hz: "432 Hertz pops out as a triangle, every time we image it. We
thought there was something wrong with the CymaScope - but after trying for
more than an hour we concluded that the number 3 was somehow universally
connected to 432 Hertz." Pretty interesting stuff. However, the same site startes
delving into "chakra" and "third eyes" and blurring supposedly real science with
stoner's dreams and all that, maybe with some grain of truth to it, but I couldn't
test it myself.
So Overall...
I don't know, really. What a rubbish conclusion, I hear you pre-emptively cry, but I
guess the overall point is to try and clear up the lack of solid info there seems to be
(and there still is, if this article is anything to go by) but if it has helped, then it's at
least opened a mind or two to the concept of different tuning reference points OR...
Shown you why it's all complete rubbish, and that whatever works for you, works
for you. Have a good one