CHAPTER 7 LIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHT

7.1 Synthesising the formation of image by plane mirrors and

lenses
7.2 Synthesising the formation of image by optical
instruments
7.3 Analysing light dispersion
7.4 Analysing light scattering
7.5 Analysing the addition and subtraction of coloured lights
7.6 Applying the principle of subtraction of coloured light to
explain the appearance of coloured objects
7.7 Analysing the effect of mixing pigments
7.8 Evaluating the importance of colour in daily life
7.9 Appreciating the benefits of various types of optical
instruments to mankind

7.1 Synthesising the formation of image by plane mirrors and lenses

Formation of an Image by a Plane Mirror
1. The image of an object is formed because of the ___________________________________
2. An image formed by a plane mirror is caused by the ______________________ from the
surface of the mirror.
3. When you are looking at yourself in a plane mirror, your face is the object, the light rays from the
object (your face) are reflected by the plane mirror to your eyes.
Characteristics of an Image Formed by a Plane Mirror

1. The image is _________________________________________________________________

2. The image is _________________________________________________________________
3. The image has the
_____________________________________________________________
4. The image formed is ___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Characteristics of an Image Formed by Lenses

7.2 Synthesising the formation of image by optical instruments

Pin-hole Camera
1. The pin-hole camera consists of a sealed closed box which has _______________ on one
end and a _____________________________ on the other end.
2. An object is placed in front of the camera so that the light rays can enter through the pin-hole
and form an image on the surface of the screen.
3. The image formed is real, inverted and smaller than the object.
4. To get a sharp image, the pin-hole must be _______________
5. If more than one hole is made___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The table below shows images formed by pin-holes of different sizes.

Condition

Characteristic of the image

The object is placed closer to the pinhole

The object is placed further away from the
pinhole
The pinhole is made smaller
he pinhole is made bigger
A convex lens is placed in front of the
camera
The Human Eye and Camera

1.
2.

Both the human eye and camera use a __________________ for focusing.
Images formed in the human eye and the camera are real, inverted and smaller than the
actual size.

3.
4.

The focal length of the eye lens can be adjusted to __________________________________

The ability of the eye lens to change its thickness to focus objects from various distances is

5.

called ________________________________
The camera lens is unable to change its for focusing on near and distant. Far focusing, the
focusing ring is change the position of the camera lens by moving it nearer or further from the

film.
Function of Human Eye and Camera

Ability of our eye and the camera to focus on a nearby or distant object

Formation of Image by Optical Instruments

Periscope
1. Periscope is used to ________________________
_________________________________________
2. Both periscope mirrors are placed at _______ Light
from an object enters the periscope and is reflected into
the eye of the observer. The plane mirrors in the
periscope can be replaced by ______________
_________________________________________

Microscope
1. Microscope is used to _______________________
_________________________________________
2. The microscope uses two convex lenses, the
_________________________________ which have
short focus lengths.
3. The focal length of the objective lens is ________
____________ the focal length of the eyepiece.
4. The objective lens forms a ____________________
_______________________________
5. The eyepiece acts as _____________________
6. to enlarge image formed by the objective lens. The final
image formed is ________________________
_________________________________________
Magnifying Glass
1. Magnifying glass is used to ___________________
2. This type of lens has a ________________ Objects
should be placed at the position _____________ the
focal point of the lens.
3. The image formed by a magnifying glass is
_________________________________________
Telescope
1. Telescope is used to ________________________
2. The telescope uses two convex lenses, the objective
lens and eye piece.
3. The objective lens has a __________________ The
eye piece has a ______________________
4. The objective lens forms a ____________________
________________________________________
5. The eye piece acts as a magnifying glass to magnify the
real image formed by the objective lens. The final image
formed is ____________________
_________________________________________

Exercise 7.2
Study the following statement
Thethick
focal
length
of aone
convex
lens depends
on the
lensand
thickness.
You are given on
convex
lens,
thin convex
lens, a lens
holder
a white screen.
(a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis based on the following criteria.
(i) Aim of the experiment
[1 mark]
(ii) Identification of variables
[2 marks]
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
[1 mark]
(iv) Procedure or method
[4 marks]

(v) Tabulation of data

[1 mark]

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

7.3 Analysing light dispersion

1.

White light is actually made up of ________________________________________________

2.

The process of separation of white light into seven different colours is called the ___________
_____________________________

3.

The dispersion of light occurs because the components of white light ____________________
____________________________

4.

The dispersion of white light into the seven colours of the spectrum, i.e. __________________
______________________occurs when white light passes through a _________________

5.

The seven components of white light which move at different speeds are _________________
___________________________________

6.

Violet light that has the ______________________ is refracted the most, while red light that
has the highest speed is ______________________________________

7.

All colours of the spectrum can __________________________________________________

________________________________at the edge of the glass prism as shown Diagram 7.9.

The Formation of Rainbow

1.
2.

A rainbow is a natural phenomenon resulting from ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
The components of different colours in sunlight undergo different amounts of

3.

______________
___________________________ into seven different colours.
The rays of different colours then undergo _______________________________ before they
finally emerge from the water droplets and are observed by us.

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7.4 Analysing light scattering

Light Scattering

1.
2.
3.

_____________________________________________ before reaching the Earth's surface.

The atmosphere has particles of _________________________________
When light travels through and strikes these particles, the light gets _____________________
_________________The light is reflected at _______________________________________
This process is known as ________________________________
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4.
5.
6.

Scattering of light depends on the ____________________ of the colours of light.

Red and orange light with _______________________________________________
____________________________ with shorter wavelengths are more scattered and
___________________________________________

The Blue Sky Phenomenon

1. At noon (daytime), the Sun is ___________________________________
2. This results in the sunlight travelling ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. This causes the components of light with __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. However, the components of light with _______________________ such as blue and violet

5.

light will be _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________
Therefore, the sky appears to be ____________

The Phenomenon of Reddish Sky

1. During sunset, light from the Sun has to travel _____________________________________
_________________________________________________before reaching the Earth.
2. During this time, the components of light with ______________________________________
___________________________________________________from the Earth.
3. At the same time, the components of light with longer wavelengths such as ______________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. During sunset, the sky appears to be ____________________ when seen by an observer on
the Earth because there are a lot of _____________________________________________

Blue skies

Aspects
Distance travelled by
sunlight to reach the Earth

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Red sunsets

Layer of atmosphere
particles

Scattering of light

7.5 Analysing the addition and subtraction of coloured lights

Primary and Secondary Colours
1. The colours of the light can be classified into two groups, namely _______________________
_________________________________
2. Secondary colours can be obtained by the _______________________________________

3.

A mixture of all three primary colours will produce a white colour.

Terms

Meanings

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Colours

Subtraction of Coloured Lights

1. _____________________ can be used to subtract coloured lights.
2. A primary coloured filter only allows _________________________________ Other colours
3.

are ___________________________________________
A _______________________________________________________________ only allows
____________________________________________________________________Other

4.

colours are absorbed (subtracted).

The colour that is being removed from the filter is the ________________________________

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