Face Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks

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FACE RECOGNITION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
ABSTRACT:
Face recognition is done naturally by humans. However, developing a computer algorithm to do
the same thing is difficult. Assume for the moment we start with images, and we want to
distinguish between images of different people. One class of methods presupposes the existence
of certain features in the image, i.e. eyes, nose, mouth, hair, and an algorithm are devised to find
and characterize these features. Face recognition is an important research problem spanning
numerous fields and disciplines. This because face recognition, in additional to having numerous
practical applications such as bankcard identification, access control, Mug shots searching,
security monitoring, and surveillance system, is a fundamental human behavior that is essential
for effective communications and interactions among people.
Face recognition is one of biometric methods, to identify given face image using main features of
face. In this paper, a neural based algorithm is presented, to detect frontal views of faces. The
dimensionality of face image is reduced by the Principal component analysis (PCA) and the
recognition is done by the Back propagation Neural Network (BPNN) successful face
recognition methodology depends heavily on the particular choice of the features used by the
pattern classifier. The Back-Propagation is the best known and widely used learning algorithm in
training multilayer perceptrons (MLP).
The MLP refer to the network consisting of a set of sensory units (source nodes) that constitute
the input layer, one or more hidden layers of computation nodes, and an output layer of
computation nodes. The input signal propagates through the network in a forward direction, from
left to right and on a layer-by-layer basis. Back propagation is a multi-layer feed forward,
supervised learning network based on gradient descent learning rule. This BPNN provides a
computationally efficient method for changing the weights in feed forward network, with
differentiable activation function units, to learn a training set of input-output data.
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SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
Real time face recognition: Here, face recognition is used to identify a person on the spot and
grant access to a building or a compound, thus avoiding security hassles. In this case the face is
compared against a multiple training samples of a person. The computer based face recognition
industry has made much useful advancement in the past decade, however, the need for higher
accuracy system remains. Through the determination and commitment of industry, government
evolutions, and organized standards bodies, growth and progress will continue, raising the bar for
face recognition system. Computer based face recognition system is very useful for the police,
industries, and for government for various security regions. Face recognition can be applied in
Security measure at Air ports, Passport verification, Criminals list verification in police
department, Visa processing , Verification of Electoral identification and Card Security measure
at ATMs.
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INTRODUCTION:
Human beings have recognition capabilities that are unparalleled in the modern computing era.
These are mainly due to the high degree of interconnectivity, adaptive nature, learning skills and
generalization capabilities of the nervous system. The human brain has numerous highly
interconnected biological neurons which, on some specific tasks, can outperform super
computers. A child can accurately identify a face, but for a computer it is a cumbersome task.
Therefore, the main idea is to engineer a system which can emulate what a child can do.
Advancements in computing capability over the past few decades have enabled comparable
recognition capabilities from such engineered systems quite successfully. Early face recognition
algorithms used simple geometric models, but recently the recognition process has now matured
into a science of sophisticated mathematical representations and matching processes. Major
advancements and initiatives have propelled face recognition technology into the spotlight.
The face is the primary focus of attention in the society, playing a major role in conveying
identity and emotion. Although the ability to infer intelligence or character from facial
appearance is suspect, the human ability to recognize faces is remarkable. A human can
recognize thousands of faces learned throughout the lifetime and identify familiar faces at a
glance even after years of separation. This skill is quite robust, despite of large changes in the
visual stimulus due to viewing conditions, expression, aging, and distractions such as glasses,
beards or changes in hair style.
Face recognition has become an important issue in many applications such as security systems,
credit card verification, criminal identification etc. Even the ability to merely detect faces, as
opposed to recognizing them, canbe important. Although it is clear that people are good at face
recognition, it is not at all obvious how faces are encoded or decoded by a human brain. Human
face recognition has been studied for more than twenty years. Developing a computational model
of face recognition is quite difficult, because faces are complex, multi-dimensional visual
stimuli.
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Therefore, face recognition is a very high level computer vision task, in which many early vision
techniques can be involved. For face identification the starting step involves extraction of the
relevant features from facial images. A big challenge is how to quantize facial features so that a
computer is able to recognize a face, given a set of features. Investigations by numerous
researchers over the past several years indicate that certain facial characteristics are used by
human beings to identify faces.
There are two basic methods for face recognition. The first method is based on extracting feature
vectors from the basic parts of a face such as eyes, nose, mouth, and chin, with the help of
deformable templates and extensive mathematics. Then key information from the basic parts of
face is gathered and converted into a feature vector used deformable templates in contour
extraction of face images. Another method is based on the information theory concepts viz.
principal component analysis method.
In this method, information that best describes a face is derived from the entire face image in
pattern recognition have shown that any particular face can be represented in terms of a best
coordinate system termed as "eigenfaces" proposed a face recognition method based on the
eigenfaces approach. An unsupervised pattern recognition scheme is proposed in this paper
which is independent of excessive geometry and computation.
Face Recognition system is implemented based on eigenface, PCA and ANN. Principal
Component analysis for face recognition is based on the information theory approach in which
the relevant information in a face image is extracted as efficiently as possible. Further Artificial
Neural Network was used for classification. Neural Network concept is used because of its
ability to learn ' from observed data.
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EXISTING SYSTEM:
DISADVANTAGES:
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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
We proposed neural networks face recognition using Eigen faces has been shown to be accurate
and fast. When BPNN technique is combined with PCA, non linear face images can be
recognized easily. Hence it is concluded that this method has the acceptance ratio is more than 90
% and execution time of only few seconds. Face recognition process:- for the face recognition
we have need some steps apply like acquiring a sample, extracting feature, compression
template, declare a match etc.
We proposed in this paper which is independent of excessive geometry and computation.
Recognition system is implemented based on eigenface, PCA and ANN. Principal component
analysis for face recognition is based on the information theory approach in which the relevant
information in a face image is extracted as efficiently as possible. Further Artificial Neural
Network was used for classification. Neural Network concept is used because of its ability to
learn ' from observed data.
The proposed technique is coding and decoding of face images, emphasizing the significant local
and global features. In the language of information theory, the relevant information in a face
image is extracted, encoded and then compared with a database of models. The proposed method
is independent of any judgment of features (open/closed eyes, different facial expressions, with
and without Glasses). The face recognition system will return a candidate match list of potential
matches. In this case, the intervention of a human operator will be required in order to select the
best fit from the candidate list.
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ADVANTAGES:
A successful face recognition methodology depends heavily on the particular choice of

the features used by the pattern classifier .The Back-Propagation is the best known and
widely used learning algorithm in training multilayer perceptions.
Back propagation is a multi-layer feed forward, supervised learning network based on
gradient descent learning rule. This BPNN provides a computationally efficient method
for changing the weights in feed forward network.
A typical back propagation network with Multi-layer, feed-forward supervised learning is
as shown in the figure. Here learning process in Back propagation requires pairs of input
and target vectors. The output vector ois compared with target vectort.
A Generalized Neural Network stimulation is applied to the inputs of the first layer, and
signals propagate through the middle (hidden) layer's) to the output layer. Each link
between neurons has a unique weighting value.
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HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:
Processor
Speed
RAM
Hard Disk
Floppy Drive
Key Board
Mouse
Monitor
Pentium IV
- 1.1 GHz
- 256 MB (min)
- 20 GB
- 1.44 MB
- Standard Windows Keyboard
- Two or Three Button Mouse
- SVGA
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Operating System
Windows XP or Win7
Front End
MATLAB
Document
MS-Office 2007
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ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM:
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MODULES:
IMAGE PRE-PROCESSING:
FACE DETECTION (PCA):
FACE RECOGNITION (ANN):
FACE IDETIFICATION:
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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK:

BPNN technique has also been successfully used for face recognition is better than the other
techniques PCA for the given face database and the classifier used. In face recognition system,
we have database of images stored in the system. Whenever we get a new image, it is compared
with the database of images already stored in the system. Neural Networks make use of new face
image and the stored face images to determine if there is a match. It is a very interesting and
challenging biometric technique of identifying individuals by facial features. Appearance based,
rule based, feature based and texture based methods are for face recognition.
Face is a complex multidimensional visual model and developing a computational model for face
recognition is difficult. The paper presents a methodology for face recognition based on
information theory approach of coding and decoding the face image. Proposed methodology is
connection of two stages Feature extraction using principle component analysis and
recognition using the feed forward back propagation Neural Network. The algorithm has been
tested on more than images. A recognition score for test lot is calculated by considering almost
all the variants of feature extraction methods on a recognition rate of 97.018%.
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Face Recognition Using Artificial Neural Networks

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ECWAY TECHNOLOGIES

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