Professional Documents
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Series : OSR/1
Roll No.
PHYSICS (Theory)
[Time allowed : 3 hours]
General Instructions:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iv)
Section A contains (question Nos. 1 to 5) are very short answer type questions and carry one mark
each.
(v)
Section B contains (question Nos. 6 to 10) carry two marks each. Section C contains (question Nos.
11 to 22) carry three marks each and Section D contains value based question (question no. 23)
carry four marks each. Section E contains (questin no. 24 to 26) carry five marks each.
(vi)
There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two
marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks each weightage. You
have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(vii)
Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.
(viii) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :
8
c = 3 10 m/s
34
h = 6.63 10
19
e = 1.6 10
Js
C
-1
= 4 10 T mA
1
9
2
2
40 = 9 l0 Nm C
DISCLAIMER : All model answers in this Solution to Board paper are written by Studymate Subject Matter Experts.
This is not intended to be the official model solution to the question paper provided by CBSE.
The purpose of this solution is to provide a guidance to students.
55/1/3
P.T.O.
SECTION A
1.
A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index 1.65. What
is the nature of the lens?
2.
Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the
figure. Identify the region of
(a)
negative resistance.
(b)
C
Current I
B
A
Sol. (a)
4.
Voltage V
DE [ Slope is negative.]
BC [ V I]
(b)
Sol. Opposition offered by the capacitor to the flow of a.c. through it is called capacitive reactance. It
is denoted by XC.
1
1
C 2fC
Its S.I. unit is ohm.
XC
5.
What is the electric flux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electric dipole?
Sol.
1.
2.
3.
55/1/3
Intrinsic semi-conductors
These are pure semi-conducting
tetravalent crystals.
1.
Extrinsic semi-conductors
These are semi-conducting tetravalent
crystals doped with impurity atoms of
group III or V.
Their electrical conductivity is high.
There is permitted energy state of the
impurity atom between valence and
conduction bands.
P.T.O.
7.
Use the mirror equation to show that an object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror
produces a real image beyond 2f.
1 1 1
v f u
Now, for a concave mirror, f < 0 and for an object on left, u < 0.
2f < u < f
or
or
1 1
0
2f v
1
1
1
2f
u
f
This implies
implies.
or
1 1 1
2f u f
or
1 1 1 1 1 1
f 2f f u f f
1
is negative or v is negative. So that image is formed on left. Also, the inequality
v
2f > v
or
Find an expression for intensity of transmitted light when a polaroid sheet is rotated between
two crossed polaroids. In which position of the polaroid sheet will the transmitted intensity be
maximum?
Sol. By Malus law, the intensity of light emerging from the middle polaroid C, will be
I1 = I0 cos2 ; where I0 = intensity of light falling on middle polaroid.
Thus, intensity I1 falls on the polaroid at the end (polaroid B) whose polarisation axis makes an
angle of (90 ) with the polarisation axis of the angle of middle polaroid.
Therefore, the intensity of light emerging from the polaroid B will be
I2 = I1 cos2 (90 ) = (I0 cos2 ) cos2(90 )
= I0 cos2 sin2 =
1
I (2 sin cos )2
4 0
I0
sin2 2
A
C
4
Transmitted intensity I2 will be maximum when sin 2 = 1 or 2 = 90 or = 45.
I2
8.
Use Kirchhoffs rule to obtain conditions for the balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge.
Sol. In accordance with Kirchoffs first law, the currents through various branches are as shown in
B
figure.
(I1 Ig)
Applyng Kirchoffs second law to the loop ABDA, we get
P
Q
I1P + IgG I2R = 0
Ig
I1
where G is the resistance of the galvanometer. Again,
applying Kirchoffs second law to the loop BCDB, we get
G
I2
C
A
(I1 Ig)Q (I2 + Ig)S G Ig = 0
R
S
In the balanced condition of the bridge Ig = 0. The above
equations become
I
I
I1P I2R = 0 or I1P = I2R
... (1)
I2 + Ig
D
and I1Q I2S = 0 or I1Q = I2S
... (2)
On dividing equation (1) by (2), we get
55/1/3
P.T.O.
P R
=
Q S
This proves the conditon for the balanced wheatstone bridge.
9.
A proton and an -particle have the same de-Broglie wavelength. Determine the ratio of (i)
their accelerating potentials (b) their speeds.
h
h
p mv
h
2mqV , where, V = accelerating potential; v = speed of particle
Given = p
2mq V
mqV = mpqpVp
Vp
V
h
2m p q pV p
mq 4m p
m p q p m p
2q p
qp
8
1
(ii) As, = p
h
h
m v m pv p
vp
v
m 4m p
mp
mp
4
1
10. Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as n2, where n is the principal
quantum number of atom.
Sol. According to Bohrs theory, a hydrogen atom consists of a nucleus with a positive charge e and
a single electron of charge e, which revolves around it in circular orbit of radius r.
The electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron is
ke 2
r2
To keep electron in its orbit, the centripetal force on the electron
must be equal to the electrostatic attraction. Therefore,
F
mv 2 ke 2
2
r
r
mv 2
e,m
Nucleus
ke 2
r
ke 2
mv 2
Where, m = mass of electron
+e
...(i)
P.T.O.
L = mvr =
nh
2mr
On substituting (ii) in (i), we get
v
...(ii)
ke2
nh
m
2mr
ke2
mn2 h2
4 2 m 2 r 2
ke 2
42 m 2 r 2
mn2 h2
n2 h2
42 mke2
r n2
r
ig
V = ig (G + R1)
...(i)
R2
V
i g (G R 2 )
2
...(ii)
2V = ig (G + R)
...(iii)
R1
V
ig
G
V
2
ig
G
2V
2G + 2R2 = G + R1
G = R1 2R2
...(iv)
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P.T.O.
2G + 2R1 = G + R
...(v)
G = R 2R1
From (iv) and (v)
R1 2R2 = R 2R1
R = 3R1 2R2
...(vi)
I
(m A)
R. B.
A
I1
I2
I3
I4
I ( A)
n
p
n
p
That is, the fractional increase in majority carries is much less than the fractional increase
in minority carriers. Consequently, the fractional change due to the photo-effects on the minority
carrier dominated reverse bias current is more easily measurable than the fractional change
in the majority carrier dominated forward bias current. Hence, photodiodes are preferable used
in the reverse bias condition for measuring light intensity.
13. Draw a circuit diagram of a transistor amplifer in CE configuration.
Define the terms:
(a)
(b)
How are these determined using typical input and output characteristics?
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P.T.O.
Sol.
RB
Vi
IB
IC
E
IE
VBB
RC
V0
VCC
Input resistance =
ri =
VBE
dynamic resistance
IB
From the input characteristics we can calculate the change in VBE (VBE) and change in IB
(IB).
(b)
I
ac C
IB
V
I
; dc C ac dc
IB
CE
From the output characteristics we can calculate the change in IC (IC) and change in IB
(IB).
Input characteristics
IB 100
(A) 80
60
40
20
10
IC
8
(mA)
6
4
2
VCE = 10V
VBE(V)
Output characteristics
50A
40A
30A
20A
IB = 10A
VCE (Volts)
In a double slit experiment using light of wavelength 600 nm, the angular width of the
fringe formed on a distant screen is 0.1. Find the spacing between the two slits.
(b)
Light of wavelength 5000 propagating in air gets partly reflected from the surface of
water. How will the wavelengths and frequencies of the reflected and refracted light be
affected?
Sol. (a)
600 109 m
0.1
180
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P.T.O.
(b)
= 5000
3 108
3 108
10
5000 10
5 107
3
1015
5
30
1014
5
= 6 1014 Hz.
4 3 108
3
v
v
3 108 3
4
9
108 2.25 108 m/s
4
2.25 108
0.375 106 m
6 1014
= 0.375 106 m
Wavelength of the refracted light is 0.375 106m
'
15. An inductor L of inductance XL is connected in series with a bulb B and an ac source. How would
brightness of the bulb change when (a) number of turn in the inductor is reduced, (b) an iron
rod is inserted in the inductor and (c) a capacitor of reactance XC = XL is inserted in series in
the circuit. Justify your answer in each case.
N2
A
l
If N is reduced L will decrease
As XL = L
XL will decrease. Current is increased and brightness is increased.
(ii) When iron rod inserted in the inductor L will increase
XL will also increase
current will decrease
so brightness will decrease
(iii) A capacitor of reactance XC = XL in series in the circuit, due to it circuit attains resonance
condition.
Total impedance will decrease, current will increase and brightness will increase.
Sol. (i)
L 0
(b)
(c)
P.T.O.
Sol. (a)
(b)
(c)
Microwave
These waves can be produced by klystron valve or magnetron valve.
Infrared
These waves are produced by vibrations of atoms and molecules.
-rays
These waves are produced by the radioactive decay of the nucleus.
17. (a)
A giant refracting telescope has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If an eye piece of
focal length 1.0 cm is used, what is the angular magnification of the telescope?
(b)
If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image the moon
formed by the objective lens? The diameter of the moon is 3.48 106 m and the radius of
lunar orbit is 3.8 108 m.
Sol. (a)
(b)
|m|
f0
15
1500
fe 1 10 2
Objective lens
D = diameter of moon
f0
x
3.48 106
15
3.8 108
3.48 106 15
= 13.73 102 m
3.8 108
x = 13.73 cm
x
18. Write Einsteins photoelectric equation and mention which important features in photoelectric
effect can be explained with the help of this equation.
The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons gets doubled when the wavelength of light
incident on the surface changes from 1 to 2. Derive the expressions for the threshold wavelength
0 and work function for the metal surface.
Sol. Einsteins photoelectric equation
Photon
h = 0 + Kmax
m2max
Photoelectron
or
1
K max mv 2max h 0
2
Kmax = h h0
Metal
Einstein said that one photoelectron is ejected from a metal surface if one photon of suitable
light radiation falls on it. If the intensity of the light is increased, the number of incident
photon increases, which results in an increase in the number of photo-electrons ejected.
This implies photo current is proportional to intensity and radiation.
(b)
If < 0, than maximum K.E. is negative, which is impossible. Hence photoelectric emission
does not take place for the incident radiation below threshold frequency.
(c)
If > 0, maximum K.E. increases. This means, maximum K.E. of photoelectrons depends
only the frequency of incident light.
55/1/3
P.T.O.
K max
hc
0
1
...(i)
2K max
K max
hc
0
2
hc 0
22 2
...(ii)
hc
hc 0
0
1
22 2
hc hc
0 0
1 2 2
2
1
1 0
hc
1 22 2
1
1
0 2hc
1 2 2
2
1
0 hc
1 2
2
hc
1
hc
2
1
1 22 1
0 12
12
2 2 1
19. In the study of Geiger-Marsden experiment on scattering of -particles by a thin foil of gold,
draw the trajectory of -particles in the coulomb field of target nucleus. Explain briefly how one
gets the information on the size of the nucleus from this study.
From the relation R = R0 A1/3, where R0 is constant and A is the mass number of the nucleus,
show that nuclear matter density is independent of A.
Sol.
Nucleus
r0
55/1/3
10
P.T.O.
1
mv 2 is directed towards the center of the nuclues
2
of an atom.
On account of Coulombs repulsive force between nucleus and -particle, at the distance of
closest approach (r0) the particle stops and it cannot go closer to the nucleus and its K.E.
gets converted in P.E., i.e.,
1
Ze (2e )
mv 2
2
40r0
r0
Ze (2e )
1
40 mv 2
2
Nuclear density
Volume of nucleus =
4 3
R
3
4
(R0 A1/3 )3
3
4
R30 A
3
mass of nucleus
Density of nuclear matter = Volume of nucleus
mA
3m
4 3
R 30
4
R 0 A
3
m = average mass of nucleus
3m
4R 30
19. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion. Show how in both these processes energy is
released.
Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction:
4
2
3
1 H 1 H 2 He
m(12H) = 2.014102 u
m(13H) = 3.016049 u
m( 24He) = 4.002603 u
mn = 1.008665 u
1u = 931.5 MeV/c2
55/1/3
11
P.T.O.
Sol.
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
It is the phenomenon of breaking of heavy It is the phenomenon of fusing two or
nucleus to form two or more lighter nuclei.
more lighter nuclei to form a single
heavy nucleus.
2
Ex.
Ex. 11H 11 H 1 H e 0.42MeV
140
235
94
1
1
0n 92 U 54 Xe 38 Sr 2 0n 200.4MeV
In both the processes, a certain mass (m) disappears, which appears in the form of energy as
per Einstein equation : E = (m)c2.
Given equation is
2
1H
13 H 2He n
mr m ( 12H) m ( 13H)
= (2.014102 + 3.016049)u
= 5.030151u
Total mass of the product
m p m ( 24He) mn
= (4.002603 + 1.008665)u
= 5.011268
m = mr mp
= (5.030151 5.011268)u
m = 0.018883u
Energy Released
E = mc2
= mc2
= 0.018883 931.5 MeV
= 17.589514 MeV
20. Draw a block diagram of a detector for AM signal and show, using necessary processes and the
waveforms, how the original message signal is detected from the input AM waves.
Sol. Block diagram of a deterctor
AM wave
Rectifier
Envelope
detector
Rectified wave
AM input wave
m(t)
Output
Output
Time
Detection is the process of recovering the modutating signal from the modulated carrier wave.
The modulated signal of the form given in (a) is passed through a rectifier to produce the output
as shown in (b). This envelop of signal (b) is the message signal.
To obtain modulating signal m(t) the signal in passed through an envelop detector.
21. A cell of emf and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw
the plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I.
55/1/3
12
P.T.O.
It is found that when R = 4, the current is 1A and when R is increased to 9, the current
reduces to 0.5A. Find the values of the emf and internal resistance r.
Sol. V
(a)
(b)
Current in circuit is
(R r )
R
Ir
(R r )
I
(R r )
I
r 4
4 r
... (1)
0.5r + 4.5 =
9r
r = 1; = 5 volt
0.5
... (2)
22. Two capacitors of unknown capacitances C1 and C2 are connected first in series and then in
parallel across a battery of 100 V. If the energy stored in the two combinations is 0.045 J and
0.25 J respectively, determine the value of C1 and C2. Also calculate the charge on each capacitor
in parallel combination.
C1
C1
C2
C2
Sol.
100V
1 C1C 2
2 C C
1
100V
2
V 0.045
1
(C1 C 2 )V 2 0.25
2
C1C 2
0.9 105 F
C1 C 2
C1 + C2 = 0.5 104F
C1C 2
9F
C1 C 2
C1 + C2 = 50F
C1C2 = 450
450
C2 = C
1
C1
450
50
C1
C12 50 C1 + 450 = 0
C1
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50 2500 1800
2
13
P.T.O.
25 175 11.8
C1 = 11.8 F, C2 = 38.2 F
SECTION D
23. A group of students while coming from the school noticed a box marked Danger H.T. 2200 V at
a substation in the main street. They did not understand the utility of a such a high voltage,
while they argued, the supply was only 220 V. They asked their teacher this question the next
day. The teacher thought it to be an important question and therefore explained to the whole
class.
Answer the following questions:
(a)
What device is used to bring the high voltage down to low voltage of a.c. current and what
is the principle of its working?
(b)
Is it possible to use this device for bringing down the high dc voltage to the low voltage?
Explain.
(c)
Sol. (a)
A step down transformer is used to bring high voltage to low voltage. Its working is based
on mutual indirection.
(b)
No, because its working is based on electromagnetic induction, which is associated with
varying magnetic flux, but in case of dc source, current will be constant, flux will be constant.
This means we can not get output from transformer.
Values displayed by students.
Active. Student has investigative skills.
Values displaced by teacher
Patient, Motivating, ability to make use of subject knowledge of explain practical
application.
Make use of modern technology.
(c)
SECTION E
24. (a)
distance x from the centre of the dipole on its axial line in terms of the dipole moment p .
3
Hence show that in the limit x a, E 2 p / 4 0 x .
(b)
Given the electric field in the region E 2 xi, find the net electric flux through the cube
and the charge enclosed by it.
y
x
z
Sol. (a)
E q
E q
55/1/3
kq
2
(x a )
+q
p
kq
E q
E q
2a
(x a )2
14
P.T.O.
E E q E q
2k px
2
kq
2
(x a )
kq
(x a )
kq 4ax
(x 2 a 2 )2
(Parallel to p )
2 2
(x a )
If x >> a
(b)
In vector form E
2p
3
2p
40 x
40 x 3
Since, the electric field is parallel to the faces parallel to xy and xz planes, the electric flux
through them is zero.
qenclosed
0
qenclosed = 2a3 0
OR
24. (a)
(b)
Sol. (a)
Explain, using suitable diagrams, the difference in the behaviour of a (i) conductor and
(ii) dielectric in the presence of external electric field. Define the terms polariazation of
a dielectric and write its relation with susceptibility.
A thin metallic spherical shell of radius R carries a charge Q on its Q
Q
is placed at its centre C and another charge
surface. A point charge
2
Q
+2Q is placed outside the shell at a distance x from the centre as
2
shown in the figure. Find (i) the force on the charge at the centre of
shell and at the point A, (ii) the electric flux through the shell.
(i)
2Q
C
Conductor
E0 external field
Ein internal field created by the redistribution of
electrons inside the metal
When a conductor like a metal is subjected to external
electric field, the electrons experience a force in the
opposite direction collecting on the left hand side.
Metal
Ein
+
+
+
+
+
E0
A positive charge is therefore induced on the right hand side. This creates on opposite
electric field (Ein) that balances out (E0)
The net electric field inside the conductor becomes zero.
(ii) Dielectric
E0
When external electric field is applied, dipoles are created (in case of non-polar
dielectrics) or dipoles are aligned (in case of polar dielectrics). The placement of dipoles
55/1/3
15
P.T.O.
is as shown in the given figure. An internal electric field is created which reduces
the external electric field.
Polariazation of a dielectric (P) is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume of the
polarized dielectric.
P e 0 E
Where e = susceptibility
E = Electric field
(b)
(i)
Since, the electric field inside a spherical shell is zero, the force on the charge placed
at the centre of the shell is zero. For the charge at A, the shell will behave as if the
entire charge Q is placed at the centre of the shell. Therefore, the total charge is
Q 3Q
Q
.
2
2
Since, its distance from 2Q is x, the electric field at A is
3Q
K
2
E 2
x
1
3Q2
Q
, the total flux according to
2
Q/2
Q
0
20
State Amperes circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field
inside an air cored toroid of average radius r having n turns per unit length and carrying
a steady current I.
Gausss law is
25. (a)
(b)
Sol. (a)
The line integral of magnetic field B around any closed path in vacuum is 0 times the
total current through the closed path, i.e.
B dl = 0I
= 0 (n 2r) I
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...(ii)
16
P.T.O.
B = 0nI
S N S NS N S N S NS N
d
(b)
(a)
S
(c)
Each turn of the solenoid has been replaced by a dipole. The magnetic moment of each
turn is I A. Since there are N turns the total magnetic moment of the solenoid is m = NIA.
As shown in figure (b), intermediate poles neutralize each other and we are left with the
poles at the ends. Hence, the solenoid behaves like a bar magnet with south pole on the
left and north pole on the right.
OR
25. (a)
(b)
Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solendoids of same
length wound one over the other.
(c)
In an experiment, two coils C1 and C2 are placed close to each other. Find out the
expression for the emf induced in the coil C1 due to a change in the current through the
coil C2.
Sol. (a)
Coefficient of mutual induction (M) or mutual inductance of two coils is equal to the e.m.f.
induced in one coil when rate of change of current through the other coil is unity.
The SI unit of M is henry.
(b)
55/1/3
17
P.T.O.
(c)
Coil 2 Coil 1
= total amount of magnetic flux linked with all the turns of the
neighbouring coil 1.
It is found that
I or = MI
where M is a constant of proportionality and is called coefficient of
mutual induction or mutual inductance of the two coils.
The e.m.f. induced in the neighbouring coil (1) is given by
26. (a)
d
d
dI
MI = M
=
dt
dt
dt
Using Huygens construction of secondary wavelets explain how a diffraction pattern is
obtained on a screen due to a narrow slit on which a monochromatic beam of light is
incident normally.
(b)
Show that the angular width of the first diffraction fringe is half that of the central fringe.
(c)
Sol. (a)
Explain why the maxima at n become weaker and weaker with increasing n.
2a
(b)
and
a
a
55/1/3
2
a
...(1)
2
and
a
a
18
P.T.O.
2
a
a a
...(2)
For the first maxima of diffraction pattern 2/3rd of the slit is responsible for destructive
interference. Hence first maxima is weaker than the central maxima.
26. (a)
n1
n2
C
O
u
(b)
Sol. (a)
When the image formed above acts as a virtual object for a concave spherical surface
separating the medium n2 from n1(n2 > n1), draw this ray diagram and write the similar
(similar to (a)) relation. Hence obtain the expression for the lens makers formula.
Refraction at spherical surface
Figure shows the geometry of formation of image I of an object O on the principal axis of a
spherical surface with centre of curvature C, and radius of curvature R.
The rays are incident from a medium of refractive index n1, to another of refractive index
n2.
N
i
n2
n1
Approximation:
(i)
We take the aperture (or the lateral size) of the surface to be small compared to other
distances involved, so that small angle approximation can be made.
(i)
In particular NM will be taken to be nearly equal to the length of the perpenedicular from
the point N on the principal axis.
For small angles, We have
tan NOM
MN
NOM
OM
tan NCM
MN
NCM
MC
MN
NIM
MI
Now, for NOC, i is the exterior angle. Therefore, i =NOM + NCM
tan NIM
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MN MN
OM MC
...(i)
19
P.T.O.
MN MN
MC MI
...(ii)
MN MN
MN MN
n1
n2
OM MC
MC MI
n
n n1
n1
2 2
...(iii)
OM MI
MC
Here, OM, MI and MC represent magnitudes of distances. Applying the Cartesian sign
convention.
OM = u, MI = + v, MC = + R
Substituting these in equation (iii), we get :
(b)
n2 > n1
n2
i
n2 n1 n2 n1
v
u
R
n1
r
N P
R2
I1
v1
n1 n 2 n1 n 2
R2
v
v1
(i)
n 2 n1 n 2 n1
R1
v1
u
(ii)
1
n1 n1
1
(n 2 n1 )
R
R
v
u
2
1
1
1 1 n2
1
1
v u n1
R1 R 2
u = , v = f
1
1 n2
1
f n1
R1 R 2
55/1/3
20
P.T.O.