ABSTRACT

The efficacy of Moringa Oleifera seeds powder for water purification was
investigated. Chemical analysis found the seed to contain 34.1% protein,15% carbohydrates
and 15.5 % lipids. Phytochemical tests and spectral studies led to the elucidation of steoidal
glycoside-strophantidin as a bioactive agent in the seed. Comparative studies with alum
showed that the seed powder was effective in the clarification and sedimentation of
inorganic and organic matter in raw water. It reduced the total microbial and coliform counts
by 55% and 65%,respectively,after 24 hours whereas alum achieved 65% and 83%
reduction under similar conditions.

Background of the Study

According to the world health organization, 4.3 million people die every year from
drinking contaminated water, mostly in underdeveloped countries where people drink water
that has not .been treated. More than 900,000 people become ill, and about 900 die each
year in the U.S. alone from ingesting water contaminated by various microorganisms.
Hence, awareness of health effects from drinking contaminated water is of vital importance.
Except from people, fish needs also clean water to survive, we do this research study to
know and evaluate the importance and different ways of water purifying
Water is also the strong foundation of fish in order to them to live. As a whole, we
want to study this topic saying that we want to help on how to produce clean water from the
dirty river water especially, to the places where mostly flooded, we want to be cleanse the
water to make it safe for our aquarium fishes like goldfish.
Statement of the Problem
This study wants to know the effect of dissolved substances of Malunggay seeds
(Moringa Oleifera) on purifying of water.
In general, Is the research study can help the residents of flooded places? Specifically,
this research study attempt to answer the following questions:

How much Moringa powder is effective to purify one liter of dirty river water ?
How quick does the powder can purify the water?
Will the Moringa powder affect the goldfish in terms of height and size?
Will the Moringa powder completely purified the dirty river water ?
Chapter II
Reviewed of Related Literature
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological

contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce
water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking
water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including

meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications.

In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration , sedimentation,
and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically filters or active
carbon, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of
electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification).
Moringa or malunggay seed powder can be used as a quick and simple method for
cleaning dirty river water. The powder joins with the solids in the water and sinks to the
bottom. This treatment also removes 90-99% of bacteria contained in water.
Using Moringa to purify water replaces chemicals such as aluminum sulphate, which are
dangerous to people and the environment, and are expensive
(http://earthnews.pinaymom.org/2011/01/uses-of-malunggay-moringa-oleifera-or-malunggay-aswater-purifier/)

Everybody knows the importance of water. It is an element essential to all living

organisms. However for one to really gain the benefits of water, it is important to secure the
quality of water that they consume. The need for a clean and safe drinking water is evident
nowadays when bottled purified water is even more expensive than softdrinks.
There are many methods to prify water- but do you know that you can also use
moringa seeds to make sure that your drinking water is free from harmful elements.
Yes, crushed moringa seeds or moringa seed powder have the ability to purify water
by decreasing the bacterial concentration and making it safe for consumption. In fact
moringa seed powder can be used to clean dirty rivers by using a very simple filtration
method. Moringa seed powder absorbs the solids and bacteria in the water and then sinks to
the bottom. This process reduces water pollution and removes 90- 99% of bacteria
(http://www.themoringaplant.com/2011/07/08/moringa-seeds-effective-water-purifier/).

This tree actually exists. For centuries, the natives of northern India and many parts
of Africa have known of the many benefits of Moringa oleifera. Its uses are as unique as the
names it is known by, such as clarifier tree, horseradish tree and drumstick tree (referring to
the large drumstick shaped pods) and in East Africa it is called "mother's best friend.
Virtually every part of the tree can be used. Native only to the foothills of the Himalayas, it is
now widely cultivated in Africa, Central and South America, Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia and the
Philippines. This tree, though little known in the Western world, is nutritional dynamite. There
are literally hundreds of uses for this tree.
(http://www.naturalnews.com/022272.html#ixzz23USVmBIL).

Chapter III
Research Design and Methodology
This chapter discusses in detail the subject, materials, instruments and
procedures that were use in the study and the manner in which the dat gathered was being
analyzed and interpreted.
Research Design
The research was design to determine the effectiveness of using moringa seeds
powder in purifying aquarium water especially in most flooded country places.
We want also to investigate if it may be subtitute to other artificial purifier and to
know the effect of this water to goldfish compare to other dirty water.
Settings
The study was conducted in science laboratory room of Tanza National Trade
School. It is placed in a safe place where it cannot be reached by somebody and no one can
interrupt the concentration of the water.
Materials and Equipment
For the equipment: laboratory apparatuses like beaker, stirring rod, mortar and
pestle, medicine dropper and graduated cylinder.
For experimental set-up: Moringa Oleifera seeds, aquarium tank and the gold fish.

Methodology
Allowing seeds to dry naturally
In this procedure you need to wait until the seed pods dry naturally on the tree
before harvesting it to be easier to powderized the white kernel of the seeds.
Powderizing of the seed

For powderizing the seed, first you need to remove the seed husks leaving the
whitish kernel then next is crush the seed kernel to a powder with the use of the stone or
mortar.
Mixing the powder to water
In mixing, you need to mix the powder with 250 ml of clean water in a small cup or
container. Then, pour the mixture through a strainer or clean cloth into a cup. You need to
strain it to separate the course particles from fine particles. After that you can already mix it
into the dirty water.
Purifying water
After pouring the mixture, stir it quickly for 30 seconds. Then, slowly and regularly for
five minutes. After five minutes, cover the container with water and do not disturb it for at
least one hour.

Definition of Key Terms

Malunggay Tree/Drumstick Tree
Is grown mainly in semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas, while it grows best in
dry, sandy soil, it tolerates poor soil, including coastal areas. It is a fast-growing, drought
resistant tree that is native to the Southern Foothills of the Himalayas in Northwestern India.
(www.wikipedia/malunggaytree.com)
Purify
To rid of impurities; cleanse;To rid of foreign or objectionable elements;To free from
sin, guilt, or other defilement. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/purify)
Bacteria

Are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in

length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.
Bacteria are present in most habitats on Earth, growing in soil, acidic hot springs, radioactive
waste (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria)
Sediment

Sediment, a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes

of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or
ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particle itself.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment)
Coliform
Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of sanitary quality of foods
and water. They are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negativenon-spore forming bacteria which
can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 3537C. Coliforms can be found in the aquatic environment, in soil and on vegetation; they are
universally present in large numbers in the feces of warm-blooded animals. While coliforms
are themselves not normally causes of serious illness, they are easy to culture and their
presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organisms of fecal origin may be present.

Fecal pathogens include bacteria, viruses, or protozoa and many multicellular parasites.(
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliform)

Clarify
To make or become clear or intelligible; to free or become free from impurities.
(Websters Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus)
Goldfish
Is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It was one of the
earliest fish to bedomesticated, and is one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish.
A relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the koi carp and
the crucian carp), the goldfish is a domesticated version of a less-colorful carp (Carassius
auratus) native to east Asia. It was first domesticated in China more than a thousand years
ago, and several distinct breedshave since been developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly in
size, body shape, fin configuration and coloration (various combinations of white, yellow,
orange, red, brown, and black are known) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish)
Aquarium
Is a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water
dwelling plants or animals are kept.Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates,
amphibians, marine mammals, turtles, and aquatic plants. The term combines the Latin
root aqua, meaning water, with the suffix -arium, meaning "a place for relating to".
An aquarist owns fish or maintains an aquarium, typically constructed of glass or
high strength acrylic plastic. Cuboid aquaria are also known as fish tanks or simply tanks,
while bowl-shaped aquaria are also known as fish bowls. Size can range from a small glass
bowl to immense public aquaria. Specialized equipment maintains appropriate water quality
and other characteristics suitable for the aquarium's residents.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium)
Dirty Water

Dirt is unclean matter, especially when in contact with a person's clothes, skin or
possessions when they are said to become dirty. Common types of dirt include: dust a
general powder of organic or mineral matter; filth foul matter such as excrement; grime
a black, ingrained dust such as soot; soil the mix of clay, sand and humus which lies over
the bedrock. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty).