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Home > Publications > GDV Packaging Handbook > Definition "Fit-for-purpose
packaging"
[German version]
This Handbook uses the dynamic load values as specified in the internationally
applicable Guidelines for Packing of Cargo Transport Units. These Guidelines
describe the load values for the road, rail and sea modes of transport. For particular
transport task under consideration, the maximum acceleration forces generated by
each of the modes of transport and acting in the direction of the load must be taken
into account. This acceleration profile is the decisive factor with respect to securing
the packaged goods within the boxes. The design of the box and the load-securing
measures used are also determined by these acceleration values.
Acceleration
acting forwards
Mode of transport
Acceleration
acting
backwards
Acceleration
acting sideways
Road vehicle
1.0 g
0.5 g
0.5 g
Railway
Subject to shunting
Combined (intermodal)
transport *
4.0 g
1.0 g
4.0 g
1.0 g
0.5 g (a)
0.5 g (a)
0.3 g (b)
0.3 g (c)
0.4 g (d)
0.3 g (b)
0.3 g (c)
0.4 g (d)
0.5 g
0.7 g
0.8 g
Sea
Baltic sea **
North sea **
Unrestricted
Table 1: Assumed loads as per the Guidelines for Packing of Cargo Transport Units
*
Wagons with containers, swap-bodies, semi-trailers and trucks and also "block
trains"
(UIC and RIV)
The values given above must be combined with the downward force of gravity of 1 g
and any dynamic fluctuations (vertical) as follows:
(a) = 0.3 g
(b) = 0.5 g
(c) = 0.7 g
(d) = 0.8 g
This means that the package fluctuates between being heavier and lighter. This in
turn has an impact on the friction acting between the package and the loading area
and, if the packages are stacked, on the dimensioning of the load-bearing
components of the boxes/crates.
In the case of rail transport, figures from Deutsche Bahn show that acceleration
forces of 4 g can be caused during hump shunting. This must be taken into
consideration in particular when securing the goods within the packages. The design,
dimensions and the connections between the individual packaging elements must be
adequate to absorb these shock loads. It is possible that higher shock loads should be
assumed for rail transport outside Europe.
1.5 g
1.5 g
vertical + 3.0 g
F=mg
29-Jul-15 2:29 PM
Druckversion
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where:
F = acceleration force [N]
m = mass [kg]
g = acceleration [m/s], see Table 1
[Fenster schlieen]
Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V. (GDV),
Berlin 1998-2015, Transport-Informations-Service im VIS / Branchennetz des GDV
29-Jul-15 2:29 PM