Wastewater Treatment

Screening, Grit Removal,

Primary Sedimentation
Draft Lecture Notes

Wastewater Treatment Plant Layout

http://www.saskatoon.ca/DEPARTMENTS/Utility%20Services/Water%20and%20Wastewater%20Treatment/Waste
water%20Treatment%20Plant/Pages/default.aspx

Conventional Wastewater Treatment-Process

Flow Diagram
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(1) Large Objects (2) Grit

(3) SS

(4) BOD5

(5) Pathogens

Bar Screens

Screening
Objective of Screening:

Manually
Cleaned

Mechanically
Cleaned

Remove Large Objects

Protect Downstream Equipment and Conduits

Manually
Cleaned

Mechanically
Cleaned 4

Screening, Contd

Single Bar Rack Screen

Double Bar Rack Screen

Design of Bar Screens

Design Parameter

Mounting Angle-
Velocity in Approach Channel

Velocity between Bars

Screen Bars Shape

Recommended Design Value

45- 90 For Mechanical Screens

30- 70 For Manual Screens
0.45 m/ sec (Minimum)
0.60- 0.90 m/sec
1.2 m/sec (Max)
Square
Round

Simple Bar Screen Design Example

Assume Velocity through Screen @ Design Flow = 0.9 m/s
Area of Openings = Q/V= 0.54/0.9=0.6 m2
Assume Depth of Flow = 0.7 m
Clear Width of Openings = 0.6 m2/0.7 m = 0.86 m or 0.9 m
Assume Space between Bars = w = 2.5 cm
Total No. of Spacings = n*w = 0.9/0.025 = 36 Spacings
Total Number of Bars = No. Spacings 1 = 36-1 = 35 bars
Assume bar Width = 1 cm
n*w
Width of Channel = 35*1 + 36* 2.5 = 125 cm w w w w w w
Check Approach Velocity

Area of flow = 0.7*1.25 = 0.875 m2

Approach Velocity = 0.54/0.875=0.62 m/s (O.K.)

Estimate Channel Width = 10*width

Area of flow = 10*1.25 = 12.5 m

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Grit Removal

Grit includes: Sand, Silt, egg shells, Coffee Grounds

Design Principle:

Remove Grit by Sedimentation.

Selective Removal: Remove Grit but not lighter
Wastewater particles. Grit particles are Larger and
denser than typical Organic particles in wastewater

Grit Removal Systems:

System with Controlled Horizontal Velocity-High

enough to prevent setting of organic Solids

Systems that use Air to prevent organic solids from
setting
Cyclones which allow larger and denser particles to
settle but not organic solids
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Grit Removal, Contd

Aerated Grit Chamber

Cyclone Grit Removal

Variable Depth/Velocity
Controlled Systems

Aerated Grit Removal

Design Parameter
Detention time

Recommended Value
2- 5 minutes
Typically 3 minutes

Depth
Width
Width/Depth (W/D)
Length/Width (L/W)
Air Supply

2-5 m
2.5 - 7 m
2: 1
3:1 - 5:1
0.30 3/m/min

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Grit Removal-Design Steps

Select detention time & estimate volume
Select No. units and find volume of each
Proportion chamber: Assume depth : width :
length

Provide free board

Select air supply rate and estimate air supply
requirements

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Primary Sedimentation (Settling) Tanks

(a) Rectangular and (b) Circular primary sedimentation tank

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Primary Sedimentation (Settling) Tanks

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Design of Primary Sedimentation Tanks

Parameter
Detention Time

Overflow Rate
Removal Rate
Circular tanks
Rectangular Tank

Horizontal Velocity
Weir Loading

Recommended Design Value

90-180 min

32- 48 m3/m2/d @ Qavge

80-120 m3/m2/d @ Qmax
50 -75% TSS
25- 40% BOD5
3-5 m, Up to 40 m
Depth = 3-5 m
Width : Length = 1: 3 to 1: 5 (Up to 40 m)
Width : Depth = 2 : 1 to 3 : 1
<0.3 m/min
< 600 m3/m/d
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Grit Removal-Design Steps

Select OFR & estimate surface area
Select depth and find volume
Check detention time
Select No. units and find surface area of each
Decide shape and proportion tank i.e., assume
depth : width : length or estimate diameter

Provide free board

Check horizontal velocity
Select weir loading, find weir length then:
arrange weir for rectangular tanks
Estimate weir length for circular tanks and
check weir loading

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