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2016
Sci. Manage., 2(1): 19-30, Winter 2016
Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage., 2(1):Global
19-30,J. Winter
DOI: 10.7508/gjesm.2016.01.003
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau,
College, Los Banos, Laguna 4031, Philippines
2
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
ABSTRACT: Reforestation is one of the Philippines government efforts to restore and rehabilitate degraded mangrove
ecosystems. Although there is recovery of the ecosystem in terms of vegetation, the recovery of closely-linked faunal
species in terms of community structure is still understudied. This research investigates the community structure of
mangrove crabs under two different management schemes: protected mangroves and reforested mangroves. The transectplot method was employed in each management scheme to quantify the vegetation, crab assemblages and environmental
variables. Community composition of crabs and mangrove trees were compared between protected and reforested
mangroves using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity in PRIMER 6. Chi-squared was used
to test the variance of sex ration of the crabs. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship
between crabs and environmental parameters. A total of twelve species of crabs belonging to six families were identified
in protected mangroves while only four species were documented in reforested mangroves. Perisesarma indiarum and
Baptozius vinosus were the most dominant species in protected and reforested mangrove, respectively. Univariate
analysis of variance of crab assemblage data revealed significant differences in crab composition and abundance between
protected mangroves and from reforested mangroves (P<0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil
texture was found to greatly affect the distribution of crab assemblages and mangroves (P<0.05). Environmental factors
and human intervention had contributed to the difference in crab assemblages in mangrove ecosystems.
KEYWORDS: Analysis Of Similarity (ANOSIM); Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA); Non-metric Multi-Dimensional
INTRODUCTION
Mangroves, an intertidal forest occurring along
tropical and subtropical coast is a home to a variety of
plants, animals, and the microbial organisms that are
highly adapted to intertidal environmental conditions
(Neukermans et al., 2007). This dynamic ecosystem is
ecologically important to many organisms such as fish,
mollusks, crustaceans, and birds (Nagelkerken et al.,
2007, Kairo et al., 2008).
19
20
Protected mangrove
5.29
11.84
0.59
4.81
113.39
47.33
25.56
27.11
Reforested mangrove
7.26
18.50
0.92
21.37
42.77
67.11
12.44
16.44
Table 2: One way ANOVA of environmental parameters in protected and reforested mangroves
Environmental parameters
pH
OMC (%)
Total N (%)
Total P (ppm)
K (me/100g)
F-value
10.90
3.274
3.317
20.706
70.833
*Significantly difference
22
P-value
<0.001*
0.089
0.087
<0.001*
<0.001*
Protected mangroves
Trees
Saplings
Seedlings
*1.89+
0.44 +0.29
0.11+0.11
0.25+0.15
10.00+1.11
5.00+1.00
0.56+0.56
0.78+ 0.36
0.11+0.11
0.22+0.15
0.22+0.15
0.11+0.11
0.11+0.11
0.11+0.11
0.22+0.22
0.56+ 0.24
0.11+0.11
0.89+ 0.42
0.67+0.44
2.56+1.21
0.44+0.44
4.33+1.20
5.22+2.09
1.89+1.15
0.44+0.29
0.11+0.11
0.11+0.11
26.00+6.83
16.56+4.27
7.56+1.83
20.78+7.07
14.22+4.86
9.00+3.54
0.44+0.33
0.11+0.11
0.11+0.11
0.11+0.11
7.56+2.19
5.44+1.22
2.44+0.63
0.22+0.15
-
Reforested mangroves
Trees
Saplings
Seedlings
0.67+2.00
0.33+1.00
1.44+2.60
0.11+0.11
1.11+0.73
2.11+2.52
0.67+0.37
0.11+0.11
2.11+2.52
0.56+0.29
0.44+0.18
0.44+1.01
0.11+0.11
0.89+0.77
12.13+9.52
6.22+2.95
4.00+1.94
0.22+0.67
23.56+15.70
23.56+6.03
4.89+1.81
0.11+0.11
40.44+36.15
16.33+6.83
10.88+4.17
3.89+2.50
1.11+1.11
0.33+0.71
0.44+1.01
-
Mean+SE
Protected mangroves
M
F
Sex
Ratio
5:1
*0.67+1.37
0.44+0.34
Chasmagnathus sp.
Chiromantes eumolpe
Labuanium politum
Metopograpsus latifrons
Neoepisesarma lafondi
0.11+0.11
0.22+0.22
0.89+0.51
0.78+0.32
1
1
8
7
0
1
0
0
Perisesarma indiarum
22.78+3.49
126
79
1.6:1
12
0.7:1
2.7:1
Baptozius vinosus
Sarmatium crassum
2.22+0.60
Scylla olivacea
1.22+0.3.2
Scylla serrata
0.11+0.11
Scylla tranquebarica
0.44+0.11
Uca sp.
0.33+0.24
Reforested mangroves
Mean+SE
M
F
6.78+1.53
44
17
Sex
Ratio
2.6:1
0.89+0.35
1:1
0.67+0.24
2:1
0.11+0.11
0.33+0.33
1:1
Fig. 4: NMDS plots of crab densities sampled from reforested and protected
mangrove forests. Sites clustered into two groups at the 50%
similarity level and three groups at the 60% level
No. of individuals
12
PM
RM
10
8
6
4
2
0
27- 51
52- 76
77- 101
102- 126
127- 148
149- 173
No. of individuals
120
100
PM
RM
80
60
40
20
0
Fig. 6. Size class distribution of P. indiarum in protected mangrove (PM) and reforested mangroves (RM)
25
No. of individuals
35
30
PM
RM
25
20
15
10
5
0
14- 30
31- 47
48- 64
65- 81
82- 98
99- 115
116- 132
Fig. 7. Size class distribution of Scylla spp. in protected mangrove (PM) and reforested mangroves (RM)
Table 5. Inter-set correlations of significant (P < 0.05) environmental factors and mangrove vegetation
with the first three ordination axes of the CCA
pH
OM (%)
N (%)
P (ppm)
K (me/100g)
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
clay
Avicennia officinalis (Aoff)
Ceripos tagal (Ctag)
Rhizophora apiculata (Rapi)
Rhizophora mucronata (Rmuc)
Rhizohpra stylosa (Rsty)
Xylocarpus granatum (Xgra)
Axis 1
0.8823
0.5278
0.5032
0.6128
-0.8556
0.7514
-0.8602
-0.6294
-0.5191
0.6049
0.2800
-1.1029
2.0987
-0.7786
Axis 2
0.0767
-0.0388
0.0508
0.0650
-0.1095
-0.4477
0.0528
0.2551
0.3177
1.0215
0.31369
-1.8256
-1.1375
-0.8318
Axis 3
0.1214
0.1419
0.0486
0.0072
0.0310
0.2995
-0.3470
0.1304
-0.4986
0.1736
-0.1462
-1.3482
0.9766
1.2457
Protected Mangrove;
Reforested mangroves
M.B.
Global J. Environ.
Sci.Bandibas,
Manage., V.V.
2(1):Hilomen
19-30, Winter 2016
CONCLUSION
This research demonstrates and concluded that the
mangrove habitat conditions and key components
strongly influence the composition and density of crab
species within the mangrove ecosystems. Diverse
mangrove stands offers a wider niche than
monocultures resulting to an increased total resource
use. This in turn may provide a variety of trophic
pathways likely to support richer faunal communities.
The reforested mangrove has not been restored to a
mature condition, but replanting has brought the
ecosystem back into use, though not to the extent of
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of
interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.
REFERENCES
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