Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Test Sections
Section 1
Essay
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
These sample essays were originally handwritten by students but are shown typed here for ease
of reading. The essays are displayed exactly as students wrote them, without any corrections to
spelling, punctuation, or syntax. One handwritten sample essay is provided to illustrate the need
for legible and clear handwriting.
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
Exemplars:
Essay Prompt
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
We often hear that we can learn much about someone or something just by casual
observation. We are not required to look beneath the surface or to question how something
seems. In fact, we are urged to trust our impressions, often our first impressions, of how a
person or a situation seems to be. Yet appearances can be misleading. What seems isn
t always what is.
re
Is the way something seems to be not always the same as it actually is? Plan and write an
essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with
reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
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1/21
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
Despite ------- on taking rare tamarins from their habitat, the illegal trade in the tiny
monkeys remains -------.
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
(A)
commendations . . obligatory
(B)
consultations . . predominant
Section 9
Section 10
(E)
prohibitions . . active
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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Representing a round world on a flat surface is impossible without some -------: the
Mercator projection map shows Greenland as over ten times larger than Mexico, a
country in fact only slightly smaller than Greenland.
(A)
oversight
(B)
simplification
(C) distortion
(D) sophistication
(E)
superficiality
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The highly publicized redesign of the car is essentially -------: the exterior has been
updated, but the engine remains unchanged.
(A)
intuitive
(B)
cosmetic
(C) incoherent
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(D) consequential
(E)
retroactive
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Many of our memories are -------, escaping our consciousness just as we strain to
recall a face or a name.
(A)
elusive
(B)
pervasive
(C) unvaried
(D) insensitive
(E)
impractical
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Although Caroline Gordon was rigorously objective in her journalistic writing, her
lively and ------- private correspondence ------- a delightful capacity for biting
commentary on the social scene.
(A)
incisive . . disguised
(B)
eloquent . . derided
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(E)
entertaining . . exhibited
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(A)
equivocal. . obstreperous
(B)
designated . . pertinent
An effective member of a debating team must focus clearly on the ------- issue and
avoid ------- arguments.
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subtle. . significant
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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does not make sense to say that debaters should focus on the inclusive topic while
avoiding arguments that pertain to the whole. Rather than being opposites, these
terms are somewhat synonymous.
avidness . . sought
(B)
diffidence . . purchased
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
zealousness . . overlooked
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(E)
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attests to his artistic skill as a portrait painter." It makes no sense to say that
patrons exercised great intensity in failing to notice Johnston's services.
tyrannical
(B)
disingenuous
(C) sanctimonious
(D) cantankerous
(E)
morose
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Passage 1
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Passage 2
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(B)
(C) Passage 1 celebrates a genre, while Passage 2 points out its deficiencies.
(D) Passage 1 explains the popularity of a genre, while Passage 2 questions its
commercial success.
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the statement in lines 4-5,
Passage 1 (it rarely . . . passion), by
(A)
(B)
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(C) agreeing that strong emotions are out of place in detective stories
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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does not discuss the attitude of readers toward plots in detective stories.
11
deals with the most desperate effects of rage, jealousy, and revenge
(lines 2-4)
(C) presents us with an accomplished fact (lines 5-6)
(B)
(E)
does not show us the inner workings of the murderers mind (lines 78)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Passage 1 suggests that Sayers would most likely respond to lines 17-20, Passage 2
(If the story started . . . themselves), by pointing out that
(A)
(B)
(C) detective stories are driven by the plot, not by the characters
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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This passage is adapted from a series in which a college professor dramatizes the
lectures of famous scientists from the past. Here he speaks as Louis Pasteur (18221895). In this part of the lecture, Pasteur has just described his discovery of the effect
of heating certain microbes that infect bottled beverages (the process later named
pasteurization).
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20
25
important that
students should not share the opinion of those
who disdain
everything in science that has no immediate
application. In
science, chance favors only the mind that is
prepared.
I repeat: in science, chance favors only the
mind that
is prepared.
I first confirmed the experiments of the
Italian abb,
Lazzaro Spallanzani, known also for his studies
in gastric
digestion. I made a nutritious broth, put it in a
flask such
as this [Pasteur holds up a large flask
containing a brown
solution], heated it to violent boiling, and then
sealed the
neck of the flask in a flame. My results agreed
with those
of Spallanzani: the broth remained pure. But if
the neck
be broken to admit air, the broth soon became
putrid. My
critics said that the heating made the air in the
flask unfit
for spontaneous generation. Only when fresh
air is admitted
can life begin anew. I argued in vaineven
before our
Academy of Sciencesthat the putrefaction was
caused by
admission of bacteria. More convincing
experiments were
needed.
I opened flasks of sterilized broth in the
cellar of the
Paris observatory, where the air was still. Only
one flask
out of ten became putrid, whereas eleven flasks
out of
eleven opened in the courtyard quickly acquired
a rich
growth of bacteria. I journeyed to Mt.
Montanvert in the
Alps, where I opened twenty flasks of sterilized
broth. Only
one became putrid. I concluded that the air in
the cellar and
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65
13
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(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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In the lecture, Pasteur concludes that the answer to the question Where and how
did they arise? (lines 1-2) is
(A)
spontaneously
(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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15
In the first two paragraphs (lines 1-23), Pasteur is primarily concerned with
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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17
(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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slight addition that Pasteur hoped to make to the existing body of facts
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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ed
Pasteurs pronouncement about preparation and chance in lines 20-23 implies that
(A)
(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
20
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In context, the reference to the Academy of Sciences (line 35) serves to suggest why
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(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
precious
vital
(C) abundant
(D) meaningful
(E)
productive
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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significant, for Pasteurs research, it does not make sense to describe the growth
itself as such.
22
The "conclusive experiment" (line 56) performed by Pasteur was designed to answer
critics who argued that
(A)
(B)
(C) the results of Pasteur's experiments in the Alps and in the cellar could not
be replicated
(D) the broth in the flasks of Pasteur's earlier experiments was not nutritious
enough
(E)
heating made the air in the flasks of the earlier experiments unfit for
spontaneous generation
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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In the context of the passage as a whole, the vital force (line 60) is best
described as
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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In his conclusive experiment, Pasteur kept the flasks vertical (line 64) in order to
(A)
(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
Section 6
compact discs at
Which of the following represents the total cost, in dollars, of
each? (Disregard sales tax.)
compact disc cases at
each and
Section 7
(A)
Section 8
(B)
Section 9
(C)
Section 10
(D)
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
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each is
a price of
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CD
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price of
If the areas of the two rectangles in the figure above are equal, which of the following
?
could be the coordinates of point
(A)
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(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
For
must equal
The only
has coordinates
is a
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the second quadrant has only half the area of the rectangle in the first
quadrant, and the problem requires that they have the same area.
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is a
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is a point
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (D) is not correct. This is the percentage of the marbles that are not
green.
is a member of
and
is a member of set
are shown above. If
and
, which of the following CANNOT be equal to the product
Sets
set
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
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ANSWERS
(E)
and
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While
neither
nor
is a
is not a member of
Also, while is a member of
member of
cannot be written as the product of two integers such that one
Therefore,
and the other is a member of
is a member of
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If
then
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Of the choices,
then
then
then
However,
then
However,
then
However,
er
e
However,
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If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Let
and
be defined by
(A)
(B)
ed
(C)
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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is not equal to
is not equal to
but
but
is not equal to
then
If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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so
gives
but
always true?
is the statement
re
(A)
(B)
(C)
te
(D)
(E)
is
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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or
only value of
Thus, either
the equation
from both sides yields
or
can
Therefore, the
true is
10
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and
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
then
and
identity. If
and
Since
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
radius, so
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Substituting
for
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12
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If
and
are linear
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and
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
From two of the data points in the table, you can write
form
and
two equations:
yields the equation
and
and
you can
Therefore,
calculate
Similarly, since
and
it follows that
Since
so
further to
for
Substituting
which simplifies to
From two of the data points in the table, you can write two
equations:
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and
Substituting
for
yields the
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and further to
which simplifies to
equation
and
it follows that
Since
so
and
Therefore,
Therefore,
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The depth of a lake is the difference between the altitude at the surface and at the
lowest point of the lake. If the five lakes in the graph above were listed in order from
the greatest depth to the least depth, which lake would be third in the list?
(A)
Erie
(B)
Huron
(C) Michigan
(D) Ontario
(E)
Superior
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Ontario is
depth, at
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feet.
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14
If
and
ed
possible value of
(A)
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(B)
(C)
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(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Since
is an integer,
15
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Molly is
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) 4s
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
This simplifies to
). So
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shadow, not
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what is the
probability
that it is a member of the solution set of both
and
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
inequalities is
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17
is
If the length of
is
the length of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
e
ANSWERS
(E)
If
is
and
is
t
length of
and
which is
must
The only
is
eg
is equal to
is equal to
is equal to
is equal to
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and
above, if
In triangle
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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is the square of an
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Thus, since
is
where
If
is an
then
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that makes
the square of an
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which is not an
the square of
that makes
which is not an
the square of
that makes
which is not an
the square of
that makes
20
re
On the number line above, the tick marks are equally spaced. Which of the lettered
points represents
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(B)
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eg
(A)
(C) C
(D) D
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
between
and
it follows that
Since
must be
is
and
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
After winning the lottery, John bought sports cars, built a mansion, and wore designer
suits; however, by thus ------- his -------, he alienated his friends.
Section 6
Section 7
(A)
enduring. . hardship
Section 9
(B)
flaunting . . prosperity
Section 10
Section 8
moderating. . consumption
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
(E)
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The study of biology, once considered the key to solving natures mysteries, has
instead served to emphasize natures incredible -------.
(A) tranquility
(B)
immobility
(C) consistency
(D) desirability
(E)
complexity
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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In 1575 Venetians instituted an annual celebration to ------- the end of the ------that had struck the city.
(A)
lament . . turmoil
(B)
commemorate. . plague
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(E)
solemnize. . fame
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Lena Hornes singing style is such that she can invest even the most ------- lyrics
with dramatic meaning.
(A)
harmonious
(B)
sensational
(C) impeccable
(D) vapid
(E)
esteemed
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(A)
instigated . . rancor
(B)
renounced. . approval
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repudiated . . acrimony
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(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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The sentence in lines 1-4 (On the morning . . . backyard) is best characterized as
(A)
ironic
(B)
dramatic
(C) comical
(D) nostalgic
(E)
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celebratory
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
(B)
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(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
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ANSWERS
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Russons hypothesis would be most fully tested by which possible research project?
(A)
(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
All types of apes, both wild and domesticated, can pretend with human
companions.
(C) Pretending behavior for wild apes may vary considerably by region and
population.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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This excerpt is from a short story by a Japanese American writer. The narrator reflects
on her familys past as she helps her mother prepare to move from her home.
Line She
10
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was biology
and she entertained thoughts of becoming a
scientist. Her
father, however, wanted her to become a
teacher, and his
wishes prevailed, even though he would not
have forced
them upon her. She was a dutiful daughter.
During her second year, she lived near
campus with a
mathematics professor and his wife. In
exchange for room
and board she cleaned house, ironed, and
helped prepare
meals. One of the things that survives from this
period is a
black composition book entitled Recipes of
California. As
a child, I read it like a book of mysteries for
clues to a life
both alien and familiar. Some entries she had
copied by
hand; others she cut out of magazines and
pasted on the
page, sometimes with a picture or drawing. The
margins
contained her cryptic comments: Saturday
bridge club,
From Mary G. Do not give away.
That book holds part of the answer to why
our family
rituals didnt fit the norm either of our
relatives or of the
larger community in which we grew up. At
home, we ate
in fear of the glass of spilled milk, the stray
elbow on the
table, the boarding house reach. At my
grandparents, we
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10
(B)
(C) widespread assimilation of immigrants into the culture of the United States
ANSWERS
re
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The grandmothers comments in lines 5-7 imply that her daughters experiences at
the university were characterized by
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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ed
regaled
(B)
hosted
er
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(D) harbored
welcomed
eg
(E)
is
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(C) flaunted
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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The narrator suggests that as a child she read her mothers book of recipes in order
to
eg
(A)
(B)
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(D) search for clues to her mothers reluctance to discuss her past
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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15
The description of the reaction of the mother to her childrens manner of speaking
(lines 36-38) highlights how she
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (C) is incorrect. The narrator is interested in the ways discipline pervaded
her mothers life, not suggesting that her mother strove for perfection.
17
In lines 53-56, the narrators description of childhood walks home from ikebana
class conveys a sense of
(A)
adventure
(B)
relief
(C) melancholy
(D) absurdity
(E)
vitality
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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To the narrator, her sisters question (lines 62-63) implies that the
(A)
mother represented the last true vestige of the sisters Japanese heritage
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
(E)
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The authors argument about the depiction of children in medieval art assumes that
the depictions
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
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AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
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(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(B)
(D) introduce examples from other time periods and other forms of
representational art
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
23
(A)
substitution
(B)
explanation
(C) representation
(D) transportation
(E)
correction
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a5.htm
21/21
24
The author offers which explanation for the way that medieval painters depicted
children?
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
file://E:\\a5.htm
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1/9
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
Section 6
(A)
Section 7
Section 8
(B)
Section 9
(C)
Section 10
(D)
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
d
ANSWERS
results in
is
te
eg
results in
nR
results in
results in
However,
the question asks for a triple that does not satisfy the equation.
results in
However, the question asks for a triple that does not satisfy the equation.
adults and
admission. If a group of
the price of admission for one child?
children spent
on admission, what is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
file://E:\\a6.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
2/9
This
it follows that
children is
adults and
and
Thus,
simplifies to
te
re
d
The figure above shows four apartments in a building. In this building, each
apartment is occupied by only one person. Alice lives next to Sam, and Paul lives next
to Alice and Dara. In which apartment could Alice live?
is
(B)
only
only
only
nR
(C)
eg
(A)
(D)
(E)
or
or
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a6.htm
3/9
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is equal to
This simplifies to
te
re
is
eg
nR
The graph above shows various temperatures from 10 A.M. to 6 P.M. of a given day.
Which of the following situations best fits the information on the graph?
(A)
It rained a little, and then the Sun came out and warmed things up.
(B)
The mild temperature was lowered by a heavy rain in the morning, and
the temperature dropped lower by evening.
(C) It was more windy in the morning than it was in the evening, and the
temperature was mild throughout.
(D) The morning was cold, but the Sun later came out and raised the
temperature.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a6.htm
4/9
morning and a slight further decrease in temperature in the afternoon. The situation
described by choice (B) best fits this information.
pounds when she bought it. Over the next several years, the
Ritas dog weighed
percent per year. Which of the following functions
dogs weight increased by
years of weight gain at this rate?
in pounds, of the dog after
gives the weight,
re
(A)
te
(B)
(E)
eg
(D)
is
(C)
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
previous weight by
has increased to
Therefore, after
pounds
pounds.
file://E:\\a6.htm
5/9
All sides of
I.
The diagonals of
II.
are perpendicular.
III.
(A)
None
(B)
I only
is
(C) II only
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
I.
II.
III.
This statement must be true. The sum of the measures of the interior angles
If all four interior angles have the same measure,
in a quadrilateral is
te
re
d
is
eg
nR
and
If
what is
in terms of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a6.htm
in the equation
yields the
6/9
ed
er
st
eg
i
Your Response:
nR
Correct Response(s): 54
Explanation:
The correct answer is 54. To determine the number of possible different selections,
you multiply the number of possible choices of a letter by the number of possible
choices of a number. Therefore, the greatest number of different selections is 6
x 9 = 54 selections.
10
and
If
and
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 3 or 6 or 9
Explanation:
are
and
It is given that
and
The three possible correct answers are
must be odd. If
is odd,
is even and
positive integers. Since
then
If
and
then
If
and
then
must be positive.
but it is given that
then
If
and
and
So there are three possible values of
11
file://E:\\a6.htm
feet. What
7/9
Your Response:
Explanation:
which simplifies to
square feet.
12
If
Your Response:
Explanation:
be solved for
. The equation
as follows:
re
d
Correct Response(s): 2
can
te
eg
is
nR
13
divided by one-half is
If
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 25
Explanation:
Dividing
by
14
file://E:\\a6.htm
8/9
In
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 9
Explanation:
must
it follows that
is
and
measures of angles
has a measure of
Since
is
have a measure of
This identifies
15
er
e
Your Response:
Correct Response(s): 50
Explanation:
is
t
eg
You can also approach this problem algebraically by considering the fact that every
and every positive
can be written as
positive odd integer less than
is greater
where
can be written as
even integer less than or equal to
terms in each sum and
Since there are
and less than or equal to
than
the difference between the
is
and
the difference between each pair
two sums is
nR
U
16
The function
where
is a constant. If
what does
and
equal?
Your Response:
Explanation:
or
and so
and
fraction or a decimal.
file://E:\\a6.htm
9/9
17
minutes long,
Fifty percent of the songs played on a certain radio station are
minutes long. What is the
percent are
percent are minutes long, and
average (arithmetic mean) number of minutes per song played on this radio station?
Your Response:
Explanation:
or
played on this radio station, you can take the appropriate fraction of each of the
minutes long,
of the songs are
lengths and add them together. Since
are
are
gridded as
A large solid cube is assembled by gluing together identical unpainted small cubic
blocks. All six faces of the large cube are then painted red. If exactly 27 of the small
cubic blocks that make up the large cube have no red paint on them, how many small
cubic blocks make up the large cube?
re
18
is
Explanation:
te
Your Response:
eg
unpainted
nR
is made up of
blocks.
file://E:\\a6.htm
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1/21
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
William Faulkner, being that he was a Southern writer, used Mississippi as a setting
for most of his novels.
Section 6
(A)
Section 8
(B)
a Southern writer
Section 9
Section 10
Section 7
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
ANSWERS
te
r
is
nR
eg
Tadpoles hatch and metamorphose into small replicas of adult frogs although
remaining in their aquatic birthplace.
(A)
although remaining
(B)
while remaining
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
2/21
You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and no one notices.
(A)
(B)
eg
is
te
r
ed
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
The memoirs of President Clinton begin with his childhood in Arkansas and culminate
in his rise to the presidency.
(A)
(B)
file://E:\\a7.htm
3/21
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
te
r
is
(B)
eg
nR
(D) Most physicians reject biofeedback because they ignore its potential.
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
4/21
In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman mistakenly believes that his sons have no flaws,
believing which leads to many problems for the entire family.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
is
t
eg
nR
Clara Barton, an American nurse, whose influence as a reformer in the field of health
care almost equals that of Florence Nightingale.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
5/21
During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park, which is
known for its waterfalls and rock formations.
(A)
During the summer months, several thousand people a day visit the park,
which is known for its waterfalls and rock formations.
(B)
Known for its waterfalls and rock formations, several thousand people a
day visit the park during the summer months.
(C) Several thousand people a day visit the park during the summer months
known for its waterfalls and rock formations.
(D) Several thousand people had visited the park a day, which is known for its
waterfalls and rock formations during the summer months.
(E)
During the summer months, knowing its waterfalls and rock formations,
several thousand people a day visit the park.
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
er
st
eg
i
nR
Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to
keep either of them after the election.
(A)
Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
he
(B)
The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
(C) Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improve
services, he
(D) Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the
candidate
(E)
The candidates promises were both to cut taxes and improve services,
he
ANSWERS
file://E:\\a7.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
6/21
re
The students fieldwork in the state forest proved more exciting and more dangerous
than any of them had anticipated, having to be rescued by helicopter during a fire.
(A)
anticipated, having to be
(B)
te
10
is
eg
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
11
file://E:\\a7.htm
Chinese watercolors have become more popular than American and European artists
who are their contemporaries.
(A)
(B)
7/21
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
re
12
eg
is
By next year the old vaudeville theater had been converted into two small theaters
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: By next year the old vaudeville theatre will have been
converted into two small theaters in which films can be shown.
file://E:\\a7.htm
8/21
13
Some scholars
studying
ANSWERS
she No error
.
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Some scholars studying the writings of Emily Bront have
become increasingly interested in the relationships between her siblings and her.
re
is
te
eg
nR
14
At the 1984 Olympic Games, John Moffet and Pablo Morales, who were swimmers on
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
file://E:\\a7.htm
9/21
15
plus
Carolyn Heilbrun
have written
diversity of
scholarly works
as well as
No error
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Both Dorothy Sayers and Carolyn Heilbrun have written
scholarly works as well as popular murder mysteries, demonstrating a diversity of
talents and interests.
ed
er
is
t
eg
nR
16
Although the coach had predicted that the team would have a winning season, the
fans were surprised by the success of the young, inexperienced players. No error
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence:
file://E:\\a7.htm
10/21
17
must compete
Because they
charge very low rates for certain items, the owners of small hardware stores know
AND EXPLANATIONS
st
er
ANSWERS
No error
ed
that you are unlikely to make much profit and may, in fact, go bankrupt.
Corrected Sentence: Because they must compete with a large chain of superstores that can afford to charge very low rates for certain items, the owners of
small hardware stores know that they are unlikely to make much profit and may, in
fact, go bankrupt.
eg
i
nR
18
Although science offers the hope of preventing serious genetic diseases, there is
difficult ethical questions raised by the possibility of altering human heredity. No error
file://E:\\a7.htm
11/21
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
e
19
is
t
In the nineteenth century, careers in business and law were prestigious, but
nR
eg
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: In the nineteenth century, careers in business and law were
prestigious, but they did not require practitioners to hold college degrees.
20
file://E:\\a7.htm
12/21
even though
ANSWERS
to improve their
skills,
won
a championship.
No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Chess players find that playing against a computer is helpful
in improving their skills, even though no chess-playing computer has yet won a
championship.
er
ed
st
eg
i
21
nR
Reaching lengths of twelve inches, banana slugs are the much larger of all the slug
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Reaching lengths of twelve inches, banana slugs are the
largest of all the slug species that inhabit North America.
file://E:\\a7.htm
13/21
22
proudly
Maya Madera
campers
when
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Maya Madera proudly wore her sisters most popular
invention, a watch for winter campers that flashes the temperature in lighted
numerals and sends out a loud alarm when one presses a button.
re
te
eg
is
nR
U
23
Obviously, Whistlers paintings, unlike Klee, are conventional in their subject matter.
No error
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
14/21
There is no error at (A). The adverb "obviously" correctly modifies "are" and
indicates a high degree of certainty.
24
A newly formed organization of homeowners and business people have met withthe
transportation department to voice its concerns about plans fora shopping mall in the
community. No error
ed
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
is
t
eg
nR
25
Although she considers her chemistry research complete, she has heeded her
ANSWERS
file://E:\\a7.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
15/21
Corrected Sentence:
Princeton University officials first broke with a tradition of awarding honorary degrees
te
re
26
is
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
nR
27
His love of politics led him to volunteer in local campaigns as well as a job in a
file://E:\\a7.htm
16/21
ANSWERS
No error
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: His love of politics led him to volunteer in local campaigns as
well as to work in a government office in the state capital.
re
te
28
is
Now that Michiko finished the research, she feels reasonably confident about writing
eg
her paper on the rise of the progressive movement in the United States. No error
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: Now that Michiko has finished the research, she feels
reasonably confident about writing her paper on the rise of the progressive
movement in the United States.
file://E:\\a7.htm
17/21
29
tissue to swell,
usually causes
the vocal cords and surrounding
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Corrected Sentence: The condition known as laryngitis usually causes the vocal
cords and surrounding tissue to swell, thus preventing the cords from moving
freely.
er
ed
st
eg
i
nR
(1) A significant problem all across our state is garbage. (2) Our landfills are
full. (3) It seems that we must either find new sites for landfills or employ other
methods of disposal, like incineration. (4) Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to
every solution that they think of. (5) Polluted runoff water often results from
landfills. (6) With incineration of trash, you get air pollution. (7) People are
criticized for not wanting to live near a polluting waste disposal facility, but
really, can you blame them?
(11) Perhaps those of us being concerned should encourage debate about what
other levels of government can do to solve the problems of waste disposal.
(12) We should make a particular effort to cut down on the manufacture and
use of things that will not decompose quickly. (13) Certainly we should press
individuals, industries, and all levels of government to take responsible action
while we can still see green grass and trees between the mountains of waste.
30
Which of the following would fit most logically between sentences 1 and 2?
(A)
(B)
(D) A sentence citing the number of illnesses blamed on polluted water in the
state
file://E:\\a7.htm
18/21
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
31
Which of the following is the best way to phrase the underlined portion of sentence 4
(reproduced below) ?
Unfortunately, there are drawbacks to every solution that they think of.
is
(A)
(as it is now)
(B)
eg
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
19/21
32
Which of the following is the best way to revise and combine sentences 5 and 6
(reproduced below) ?
Polluted runoff water often results from landfills. With incineration of trash, you get
air pollution.
(A)
With landfills, polluted runoff water will result, and whereas with
incineration of trash, you get air pollution.
(B)
While on the one hand are landfills and polluted runoff water, on the other
hand you have air pollution in the case of incineration of trash.
(C) Landfills often produce polluted runoff water, and trash incineration
creates air pollution.
(D) Landfills and incineration that produce water and air pollution.
(E)
Runoff water is from new landfills; from incineration of trash, there is air
pollution.
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
eg
is
nR
U
33
If sentence 8 were rewritten to begin with the clause Although recycling can be an
effective solution, the next words would most logically be
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a7.htm
20/21
In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 9 and 10?
Local governments enjoy the benefits of taxes collected from business and
industry, as they tend to shy away from pressuring such heavy
contributors to recycle.
(B)
ed
(A)
er
34
eg
(E)
is
t
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
35
file://E:\\a7.htm
Which of the following is the best phrasing for the underlined portion of sentence 11
(reproduced below)?
Perhaps those of us being concerned should encourage debate about what other
levels of government can do to solve the problems of waste disposal.
21/21
(A)
(as it is now)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
is
te
r
nR
eg
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file://E:\\a7.htm
1/16
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 5
Section 6
Most pioneers ------- this valley on their journey to the West because its rugged
terrain and frequent landslides made it a ------- place for travelers.
Section 7
(A)
flanked. . fascinating
Section 8
(B)
avoided. . necessary
Section 9
Section 10
(E)
skirted. . hazardous
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
Section 3
re
te
is
eg
nR
file://E:\\a8.htm
2/16
Ballads often praise popular figures who have performed feats that many perceive as
-------, such as defending the poor or resisting ------- authority.
(A)
modest. . acceptable
(B)
inescapable . . legitimate
(E)
unbelievable. . tolerable
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
is
te
r
eg
nR
The serious purpose of the paper-airplane flying contest, which attracted many novel
and sometimes truly ------- entries, was to determine whether any ------aerodynamic designs could be discovered.
(A)
file://E:\\a8.htm
unorthodox . . conventional
3/16
(B)
bizarre. . revolutionary
(E)
ungainly. . aesthetic
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
is
te
r
eg
nR
Carson presents her case so strongly and logically that only the prejudiced or the
------- will attempt to ------- her.
(A)
impartial. . defy
(B)
doubtful. . champion
file://E:\\a8.htm
4/16
(E)
irrational . . follow
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
is
te
eg
nR
U
5
Over the years the anthropologists opinions had -------: he refused to tolerate new
ideas and nothing could change his mind.
(A)
digressed
(B)
proliferated
(C) ossified
(D) germinated
(E)
incubated
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
5/16
As the first ------- of the political campaign, the senator unleashed a spirited verbal
attack on her leading opponent.
(A)
salvo
(B)
encore
(C) palliative
(D) concession
eg
(E)
is
t
er
ed
demurral
nR
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
6/16
The following passages are taken from testimony given before congressional
committees about how government funding affects the arts. The author of the first
passage is a writer and radio entertainer; the author of the second passage is a
novelist and critic.
Passage 1
ed
eg
is
te
r
nR
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7/16
25
re
30
eg
i
35
st
e
nR
U
40
Passage 2
45
file://E:\\a8.htm
8/16
50
55
ed
er
is
t
60
eg
70
65
nR
9/16
(B)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
er
(E)
ed
is
t
eg
nR
(B)
(C) Artists will cease taking risks if they come to depend on government
money.
(D) The future of the arts in the United States depends on whether young
artists can continue to shock the public.
(E)
Experienced artists know better how to excite the public than do young
artists.
ANSWERS
file://E:\\a8.htm
AND EXPLANATIONS
10/16
ed
In lines 10-11, Passage 1, the author refers to North Carolina, Iowa, and Utah to
(A)
(B)
st
er
(C) show that opportunities for artistic success are now widely available
eg
i
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
10
file://E:\\a8.htm
an ironic comment
11/16
(B)
an emotional plea
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
nR
eg
11
(A)
a fastidious bureaucrat
(B)
a character in a novel
(E)
an imagined benefactor
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
12/16
12
Lines 40-43 (When . . . for you) suggest that the author of Passage 1 would agree
with which of the following observations?
(A)
(B)
(E)
Time is money.
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
13
The author of Passage 2 would most likely criticize the author of Passage 1 on the
grounds that
(A)
(B)
(D) taxes will be too high if the government supports the arts
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
13/16
14
large number
(B)
sustaining organism
(C) provider
(D) proprietor
(E)
sponsor
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
is
te
eg
nR
U
15
The question in lines 66-67 suggests that the author of Passage 2 believes that
federal funding of scientific research
(A)
encourages deceit
(B)
undermines autonomy
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
14/16
16
The author of Passage 2 most likely thinks that the individuals named in lines 70-71
would have
(A)
(B)
(C) been even more influential if they had received government funding
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
(E)
er
e
is
t
eg
nR
17
emphasize the moral dilemmas that artists face when selling their work
(B)
(C) suggest that the public should not have to subsidize the art preferred by
bureaucrats
(E)
link arts funding in the United States with other social programs
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
file://E:\\a8.htm
15/16
(B)
re
18
(C) Artists appreciate financial support more if they earn it after suffering
hardships.
te
(D) Administrators of arts funding have higher artistic standards than the
general public.
AND EXPLANATIONS
nR
eg
ANSWERS
is
(E)
19
Which of the following situations would support the position taken in Passage 1 and
provide examples contrary to the argument in Passage 2?
I.
file://E:\\a8.htm
16/16
The most original works of a certain brilliant composer were those commissioned by
kings.
II.
III.
(A)
I only
(B)
III only
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
te
is
eg
nR
file://E:\\a8.htm
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1/12
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
students.
body of
If every student pays the fee, what is the total amount in activity fees collected from
the students?
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
(A)
Section 9
(B)
Section 10
(C)
(D)
ANSWERS
ed
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
r
is
eg
nR
and
If
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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2/12
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
it
is
re
is
te
eg
nR
Some common nail sizes and their corresponding lengths are shown in the table
above. If nail sizes from 2d up to 10d increase by a constant length for each increase
of 1d in size, what would be the length, in inches, of a 6d nail?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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inch. To
nail, there is a
inch.
3/12
inches.
nail is
(A)
(B)
(C)
re
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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and
If
what is
in terms of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
is
and
ed
(A)
(B)
te
r
(C)
(D)
(E)
is
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
ANSWERS
nR
therefore,
follows that
and
it follows that
is
therefore,
and
is
it
and
is
is
If
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then
5/12
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
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is multiplied by
the
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The figure on the left is called an ell. The lengths of some of its sides are given,
and all the angles are right angles. For any positive integer n, an n-ell is the
figure formed by positioning n ells adjacent to each other as shown in the 3 -ell
on the right.
8
-ell?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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sides of length
6/12
-ell is
The perimeter of an
-ell?
perimeter of a
-ell is
What is the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
ANSWERS
re
(E)
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eg
is
10
Which of the following graphs best represents the information in the table above?
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7/12
(A)
(B)
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(C)
te
(D)
is
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(E)
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8/12
11
to
1. Add
2. Multiply the sum by
from the product.
3. Subtract
If the steps above are followed in order, which of the following is a simplified
expression for the result?
(A)
(B)
(C)
re
d
(D)
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
ANSWERS
is
Multiplying
and subtracting
This simplifies to
nR
eg
12
If
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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9/12
were
were
were
During a one-cent sale, a shopper pays the regular price for a bottle of vegetable oil
for a second bottle. If the regular price of the vegetable oil is
and pays
how much per bottle does the shopper save by buying two bottles at this sale?
ed
13
(A)
(B)
er
(C)
(D)
AND EXPLANATIONS
eg
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ANSWERS
st
(E)
per bottle of
nR
for two
per bottle
14
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If
10/12
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
which simplifies
gives
to
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er
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15
nR
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ANSWERS
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which simplifies to
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the
11/12
16
intersects line
In the
and
at
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
equals
and
or
you can use the equation of the parabola. Notice that since the points
and further to
for
so
te
and
Substituting
in the equation
for
and
and further to
for
This simplifies to
re
substituted for
and
and
Substituting
for
This simplifies to
so
Since there are two values for each variable, there are four possible values
and
for the expression
is
eg
and
nR
slope is
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Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 5
In their zeal to make beachfront living widely available, developers have overbuilt,
thereby they endanger fragile coastlines.
Section 6
(A)
Section 8
(B)
Section 9
Section 7
Section 10
(E)
AND EXPLANATIONS
ANSWERS
er
e
is
t
eg
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Hawaiis Haleakala, being more than 10,000 feet high, and the worlds largest
dormant volcano.
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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2/9
I do not blame Leslie for her anger yesterday, being it was her plan and she should
have credit for it.
(A)
yesterday, being it was her plan and she should have credit for it
(B)
yesterday, being that she should have credit for it when it was her plan
er
e
(C) yesterday when it was her plan, for which they should give her credit for it
(D) yesterday; since she should receive credit, it being her plan
yesterday: it was her plan, and she should have received credit for it
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
st
(E)
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(B)
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3/9
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
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te
(A)
(B)
as well as information
nR
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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4/9
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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nR
For decades, African American music has inspired musicians throughout the world,
including in Russia.
(A)
(B)
including in Russia
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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5/9
Choice (D) results in an illogical sentence. There is nothing in the sentence to which
the pronoun "which" can logically refer.
By the end of the eighteenth century, watchmaking technology had greatly improved,
and they were standard equipment for military personnel.
(A)
(B)
(C) with watches included in the standard equipment for military personnel
(D) and watches had become standard equipment for military personnel
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
ed
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U
9
Nancy and Carlos will represent Central High in the swimming competition, their work
in this having been excellent this year.
(A)
(B)
(C) competition, for this year they have done excellent work in this
(D) competition, for their swimming has been excellent this year
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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6/9
After 1907, residents of the Omaha Reservation could use the hospital in Walthill,
Nebraska, it was established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an Omaha Indian.
10
(A)
(B)
(C) hospital that has been established by Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte, an
Omaha Indian, in Walthill, Nebraska
ANSWERS
re
AND EXPLANATIONS
te
(E)
(D) Walthill, Nebraska, hospital where an Omaha Indian, Dr. Susan LaFlesche
Picotte, established it
is
eg
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11
Eating food that has a high concentration of fat causes essentially the same reaction
in the stomach than if you eat too fast.
(A)
(B)
than to eat
(D) as eating
(E)
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ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
re
Not one of the students in the advanced chemistry class have passed a single test
with a grade better than a C, but the second half of the course will be easier.
(A)
(B)
te
12
is
eg
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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8/9
(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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(A)
(B)
(E)
ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
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