dvantages of Fuzzy Logic

Intuitiveness, simplicity, easy implementation, minimal knowledge of system dynamics

Relates input to output in easily understood linguistic terms
Rules may be framed without precise definition of the system dynamics.
Easier to design
Increased robustness
Simplified knowledge acquisition and representation
No need of mathematical model. Fuzzy logic models the decision maker,
not the process.
Performance is perfected through simulation and experience.
Since fuzzy logic tolerates imprecision, sensor feedback is less critical. and
noise and component variations are tolerated.
Fuzzy controllers are inherently robust because their decisions include contributions from dozens of rules. If a few rules "misfire" because of a bad
sensor or electrical component, other rules keep the output smooth and
continuous.
Advanced mathematics is not required.
Fuzzy controllers can be easily upgraded or modified by adding new rules
and membership functions. New rules can also reflect new control priorities, such as energy savings and quiet operation modes.
Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic
Hard to develop a model from fuzzy system
It is sometimes difficult to determine the set of rules and membership functions for complex systems.
With more rules, the amount of data to be processed increases, resulting in
memory overload and longer computational time.
Requires more fine-tuning
Fuzzy systems have a stigma ofjuzzy associated with them. Engineers give
less credit to fuzzy control and fuzzy decision-making, presuming that it is
less accurate.
Advantages of ANN
Good fit for nonlinear models
Ability to adapt, learn, generalise, extrapolate; ability to operate in highnoise environment; ease of maintenance
Fault and uncertainty tolerance is good
Automated knowledge and acquisition is good

Disadvantages of ANN
Needs lots of training data sets
Needs lots of time and CPU power for training
Unpredictable

for utilization in untrained areas

Accuracy of the system may diminish over time, so periodic trimming

required using expanded data sets
ANNs are not well-understood,
Not suited for mathematically

and therefore not widely accepted

accurate and precise applications

Feature

Fuzzy Systems

Neural Networks

Knowledge acquisition

Human experts

Numerical data

Training method

Precise definition needed

Learning by example

Knowledge
representation

Easily verifiable

Reasoning

Heuristic, multivalued

Velification/modification
not possible
Algorithmic, parallel

Linguistic interface

Well-defined

None

Fault tolerance

High

Very high

Robustness

Very high

Very high

Both neural networks and fuzzy logic are structurally different, but they complement each other as far as their strengths and weaknesses are concerned. Tha
objective of introducing fuzzy operations within neural network is to improve th~
expressiveness and flexibility of the neural networks, and the objective of combining neural learning capabilities into fuzzy system is to make the fuzzy syste capable of adaptation.
Hybrid systems like neuro-fuzzy,

fuzzy expert, neural expert, GAs (Gene'

Algorithms) + ANN are becoming popular. Suppose the process knowledge ~

poor, and we only have a gigantic data set about the process. In such casPS..
ANNS can be trained to extract the rules and learn membership functions fror::
domain data, resulting in neuro-fuzzy systems.

In expert systems, reasoning and decision processes within an uncertain emironment are emulated and manipulated through fuzzy tools, resulting in fuzzy
expert systems.
When domain knowledge is too complex or no human expertise is availabl .
but training data is there; then ANN may be trained to function as expert system.
resulting in neural expert system.
GAs can be used to provide a good set of initial weights and to fully train the
ANN or find the optimal network architecture.
to find optimal number of membership

GAs in fuzzy domain can be used

functions and optimal set of rules.