1.

Hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer

system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer,
such as the monitor, mouse,keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk
drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard, and so on, all of
which are physical objects that are tangible. In contrast, software is instructions
that can be stored and run by hardware.
Example of Hardware:

2. Classification of computers
Computers may be classified based on the following:
i.

Operating principles (based on their construction and working)

ii. Applications
iii. Size and capability (or classification into micro, mini, mainframe and
supercomputers)

iv. Number of Microprocessors

v. Word length
vi. Number of users

Examples of Classification of Computer:

3. A Processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the

basic instructions that drive a computer.
The term processor has generally replaced the term central processing unit (CPU).
The processor in a personal computer or embedded in small devices is often called
a microprocessor.
Example of Processor:

4. A Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within

a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing
the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by
the instructions. The term has been used in the computer industry at least since the
early 1960s. Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a processor, more specifically
to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements of a
computer from external components such as main memoryand I/O circuitry.
Example of Central Processing Unit:

5. Three Parts of CPU

1. Control Unit - (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU)
that directs operation of the processor.
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit - (ALU) is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic

and logic operations. It represents the fundamental building block of the central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer.
3. Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting
of computer components and media used to retain digital data. It is a core function
and fundamental component of computers.

Examples of Three Parts of CPU:

Control Unit

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Computer Data Storage

6. Computer software or simply software is any set of instructions that directs

a computer to perform specific operations. Computer software consists
of programs,
libraries and
related
non-executable data (such
as online
documentation or digital media). Computer software is non-tangible, contrasted
with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer
hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used
without the other.
Example of Software:

7. A computer program is a collection of instructions that performs a specific task

when executed by a computer. A computer requires programs to function, and
typically executes the programs instructions in a central processing unit.
Example of Program:

8. You have probably used a lot of software over the years; here we are going to
study the different classifications (types) of software that are out there.

Software can perform many different tasks

Examples of Classification of Software:

9. Types of Software

1. System Software - is computer software designed to operate and control the

computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software.
System software can be separated into two different categories,
operating systems and utility software.
2. Application software can be divided into two general classes:
systems software and applications software. Applications software (also called
end-user programs) includes such things as database programs, word processors,
Web browsers and spreadsheets.

Example of Types of Computer:

System and Application Software

10. Flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or

process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting
them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to
a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or
managing a process or program in various fields.

Example of Flowchart: