CH 14 Inheritance Teacher

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007
CHAPTER 14:
INHERITANCE
Multiple Choice Questions

For Question 1 to 15, each question is followed by four alternative answers A, B, C or D.
Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your
objective answer sheet.
14.1
Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment
1.
Diagram 14.1 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. The alphabets represent the
gene in the chromosomes.
DIAGRAM 14.1
Q and q represent
2.
A.
linked genes
alleles
C.
genotypes
D.
phenotype
If T represents the allele for tallness and t the allele for dwarfness, then an individual
with Tt is
3.
A.
homozygous for tallness
heterozygous for tallness
C.
homozygous for dwarfness
D.
heterozygous for dwarfness
Two pure-bred plants with the genotypes BBRR and bbrr respectively are crossed. F1
offspring were allowed to self-pollinate. How many types of phenotypes are produced if
B and R are dominant?
A.
C.
D.
16
14-1
BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK
4.
Diagram 14.2 shows the inheritance of type of eye colour in humans. Gene for blue
eyes is recessive.
First generation
P
Second generation
Q
Third generation
Key :
Male brown eyes
Male blue eyes
Female blue eyes
Female brown eyes
DIAGRAM 14.2
Which of the following conditions are true of P and Q?
A
B
C
D
5.
P
heterozygous
heterozygous
Heterozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Q
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
heterozygous
heterozygous
The allele for black hair in human is dominant to the allele for brown hair. A man with
black hair is heterozygous while his wife has brown hair. The probably of getting a child
with brown hair is
A.
C.
D.
14.2
Inheritance
6.
A married couple has different blood group. Ahmad has a blood group A, whereas his
wife has a blood group B.
14-2
Determine the possible blood group of their children.
7.
8.
9.
A.
It could only be blood group AB
B.
It could only be blood group A or B
C.
It could only be blood group A, B or O
D.
It could only be blood group O
Which of the following represented the alleles of the human blood group?
A.
ABO
B.
Xa Xb Xo
C.
Aa B bOo
D.
IA IB IO
Erythroblastosis fetalis is the problem of new born baby that related to

A.
blood transfusion incompatibility
B.
Rh factor
C.
malnutrition
D.
mothers drug abuse.
Diagram 14.3 shows the human karyotype.
DIAGRAM 14.3
The abnormal number of the chromosome 21 is a result of non-disjunction during
10.
A.
meiosis
B.
mitosis
C.
cytokinesis
D.
plasmolysis
Heredity diseases are disease that can be transmitted from parent to their offspring.
Which of the following is not the heredity disease?
A.
Haemophillia
14-3
B.
Colour blindness
C.
Muscular dystrophy
D.
Malaria
14.3
Understanding Genes and Chromosomes
11.
Diagram 14.4 shows a part of the DNA structure.
Figure 1
DIAGRAM 14.4
Which of the following represents J,K,L and M ?
12.
J
Deoxyribose
K
Nitrogenous
L
Phosphate
M
Phosphate
sugar
Phosphate
base
Deoxyribose
group
Nitrogenous
group
Nitrogenous
group
Phosphate
sugar
Nitrogenous
base
Deoxyribose
base
Phosphate
group
Nitrogenous
base
Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous
group
Phosphate
base
sugar
base
group
The uses of DNA fingerprint are

I.
to identify the parent of someone
II.
to solve criminal cases
III.
to identify diseases inherited
IV.
to identify a baby claimed by different mothers
14-4
13.
14.
15.
A.
I and IV only
B.
II and III only
C.
I, II and III only
D.
I, II, III and IV
Which of the following is not true about DNA fingerprinting?

A.
It is a print pattern from the right thumb
B.
It can be made from a blood sample, hair or semen sample
C.
It is used in forensic work
D.
It can be used to confirm animal pedigrees
What are the advantages of introducing genetic engineering in agriculture?

I.
Increase the food yield
II.
Improve the food quality
III.
Increase in resistance to pests and diseases
A.
I only
I and II only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II, III
Which of the following is not the objective of the Human Genome Project?
A.
Determine the sequence of all the base pairs found in the DNA of the human
genome
Make map showing the exact locations of genes for major sections of human
chromosomes
C.
Produce linkage maps where inherited traits can be tracked over generations
D.
To determine the sex of foetus
Structured Items
14.1
14-5
1.
Diagram 14.5 shows a cross between two varieties of pea plants in which tall pea plant
with red flowers is crossed with short pea plant with white flowers. Both plants are pure
bred.
Parent
F1 generation
Gametes
Key :
T tall
DIAGRAM 14.5
t short
R red flowers
r white flowers
(a)
(i)
Complete the alleles in Figure 1.
(ii)
State the type of cross shown in Figure 1.
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
Dihybrid cross
(b)
(i)
State the genotype of plants in F1 generation.
[1 mark ]
TtRr
(ii)
State the phenotype of plants in F1 generation
[1 mark]
Tall pea plant with red flowers

(c)
If crossing over between genes takes place in the individuals of F1 generation

during
meiosis, draw the possible gametes produced from the F1 generation.

[2 marks]
14-6
(d)
Table 14.1 shows an incomplete Punnetts of crossing made between a

heterozygous plant for tallness and the red flowers and a homozygous
recessive plant for the same traits.
Gametes
tr
TR
TtRr
Tr
Ttrr
TABLE 14.1
tR
ttRr
tr
ttrr
(i)
Complete Table 1 to show the various offspring produced.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Explain the results.
[3 marks]
A plant which is heterozygous for tallness and the red

flowers has the genotype TtRr. The plant produces four
types of gametes, TR, Tr,tR and tr.
[1]
A plant which is homogygous recessive has the genotype

ttrr. The plant produces a type of gametes, tr.
[1]
When the plant is crossed with another plant at random to

produce plants with TtRr, Ttrr, ttRr and ttrr as their
genotypes.
[1]
(iii)
What is the percentage of the offspring produced for short pea plant with
white flowers?
[1 mark]
25%
14.2
Inheritance
14-7
2.
Diagram 14.6 shows the pedigree of a family for the haemophillia disease.
Haemophollia is a hereditary sex-linked disease cause by a recessive allele found on
the X chromosome.
Hassan
Anis
Akmal
Adam
Esah
Key
Male normal
X H X H, X HY
Male haemophillia
Xh Xh, Xh Y
Female normal
XH Xh
Female haemophillia
DIAGRAM 14.6
(a)
(i)
What is Anis genotype?
[1 mark]
Xh Xh
(ii)
Explain how her genotype is determined.
[2
marks]
The allele for haemophillia is recessive. Both alleles must be
recessive to produce the phenotype of haemophillia.
(b)
(i)
What is the genotype of Hassan?
[1 mark]
XHY
(ii)
Explain how his genotype is determined.
[2
marks]
Male have only one X chromosome. To show the normal phenotype,
Hassan must have the dominant allele in the X chromosome.
14-8
(c)
Esah has a heterozygote genotype, while Adam is a haemophillia patient.

Illustrate by using a schematic diagram to show their children genotype and
phenotype probability.
[4
marks]
Adam
Esah
XhY
XH Xh
Meiosis
Xh
Xh XH
Xh Xh
XH
Y XH
Xh
Y Xh
Xh
(d)
What is the probability of their son to get haemophilia?
[1mark]
25%
(e)
What is the meaning of hereditary sex-linked?
[2marks]
The genes on the sex chromosomes which are not involve in sex
determination
14-9
14.3
3.
Diagram 14.7 shows the molecular arrangement of part of a DNA molecule.
DIAGRAM 14.7
(a)
(i)
Name the basic unit that made up the DNA molecule.
[1mark]
Nucleotide.
(ii)
Circle on the diagram above to show a basic unit of DNA molecule.

[1mark]
(iii)
Name the component that made up the basic unit named in (a)(i).
[1mark]
A deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
(b)
Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
[1mark]
A DNA molecule consist of two polynucleotide strand coiled together to

form double helix. The two strands are anti parallel.
(c)
The DNA carries the genetic codes that determine the characteristic of organism.
Which part of the molecules that form the genetic codes?
[1mark]
The sequence of nitrogenous bases.
14-10
(d)
Complete Diagram 14.8 below to show the organization of a chromosome .

[5marks]
Bes
nitrogenous
Phosphate
group
Deoxyribose
sugar
Nucleotide
Polynucleotide
DNA
Chromosome
DIAGRAM 14.8
14-11
Essay Questions
14.1
1. (a)
Mendels First law :

The characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located
at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the
pair of genes can be present in a gamete.
Explain the above statement by using the monohybrid cross between a homozygous
dominant long-winged Drosophilia is mated with a homozygous recessive vestigalwinged Drosophila.
[10 marks]
-
if a homozygous long-winged Drosophilia is mated with a vestigial-winged

Drosophilia, all the F1 offspring are found to be long-winged
[1]
if two of the F1 flies are allowed to mated with each another,
a mixture of long-winged flies and vestigial-winged flies are produced
in the ratio of 3 : 1
[1]
[1]
[1]
Long-winged
Vestigial-
winged
Parents :
ll
Genotypes :
LL
X
Meiosis process
All l
Gametes :
All L
Fertilisation :
Ll
F1 Genotypes :
F1 phenotypes :
All long-winged
When F1 flies are allowed to mated each another
Ll
Ll
F1 Genotypes :
X
l
F2 genotypes :
LL
Long-
Ll
Long-
Ll
Long-
winged
winged
winged
F2 phenotypes
Ratio
Gametes :
14-12
ll
Vestigial-winged
Diagram = [3]
-
in this case, the gene for long-winged, L, is dominant
in the production of gametes, genes from homologous chromosomes
[1]
come together
[1]
and then segregate into separate gamete
[1]
therefore, one gamete receive one of a pair of alleles
[1]
in the F1 generation, the gametes produced receive either L or l
[1]
[max
10]
(b)
A dihybrid cross between two varieties of oil palm, Dura and Pasifera, produces
a new variety, Tenera. Tenera has better quality fruits compared to Dura and
Pisifera as shown in Table 14.2.
Oil palm variety
Characteristics of the trait

Genotype
Phenotype
Dura
hhFF
Pisifera
HHff
Thin husk
Thick flesh
Thick husk
Thin flesh
Thick husk
Tenera
Thick flesh
Table 14.2
Key :
H represents dominant allele for thick husk
F represents dominant allele for thick flesh
Using a schematic diagram, explain why self-crossing between the Tenera variety
does not produce offspring of the same quality as their parents.
14-13
[10 marks]
Parents :
Genotypes :
Meiosis process
Gametes :
Dura
hhFF
X
X
Pisifera
HHff
All hF
1
1
1
All Hf
Fertilisation :
Genotypes F1 :
F1 phenotypes :
1
HhFf
Genotypes F1 :
Meiosis
HhFfhusk, thick flesh

All thick
Allow F1 plants to self-pollinate
process:
Gametes :
HhFf
F2 generation
Gametes
HF
Hf
hF
hf
HF HhFF
Hf
hF
HFHHFF
Hf
hF HHFf
hf
HF
HhFf hf
Hf
HHFf
HHff
HhFf
Hhff
hF
HhFF
HhFf
hhFF
hhFf
hf
HhFf
Hhff
hhFf
hhff
1
Phenotype Thick husk Thick husk Thin husk Thin husk
Thick flesh
Ratio
[5]
Thin flesh
:
Thick flesh Thin flesh

:
[3]
[1]
Just 9/16 x 100% = 900/16 % = 56 % @ = 56.25% of F2 generation that produced

have a phenotype thick husk and thick flesh the same quality as their parents. [1]
14.2
Inheritance
2.
(a)
Mala and Siva is a married couple with four girls. Siva always blamed his wife
because of not give birth a baby boy. As a consultant at LPPKN, please consult
these couple to understand the fact related to the sex determination of babies.
14-14
Draw a schematic diagram to explain your answer.

[10marks]
-
The human females have two identical sex chromosomes called X

chromosomes.
[1]
The human males have one X chromosomes and one smaller Y

chromosomes.
[1]
The chromosomes X and Y determine the sex of individual, whether

boy or girl.
[1]
During the formation of gametes in female, the sex chromosomes

separate, all the female eggs produced contain one X chromosome. [1]
The human male produces two types of sperm: sperm with one X
chromosome and sperm with one Y chromosome.
[1]
If the sperm with X chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the child is a

female.
[1]
If the sperm with Y chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the child is a male.
There is an equal chance of mother to give birth a baby boy or a baby

girl.
[1]
Diagram = [3]
(b)
Dina has a problem to get a second child with the history of three times baby
stillborn. After consulted by a specialist, she found that she is facing with the
14-15
problem of Rh factor. As a specialist explain to Dina to understand her problem.

[10marks]
-
The Rh factor is referring to the antigen found on the surface of some

red blood cells.
[1]
The people who have the Rh factor are said to be Rh positive and
those who not are called Rh negative.
[1]
The allele Rh+ is dominant to the allele Rh-.
[1]
In the case of a Rh- mother who become pregnant by a Rh+

heterozygous father has 0.5 probability of having a child who is Rh +.
[1]
During her late pregnancy or during birth, some of the fetal blood cells
enter the mothers blood.
[1]
The mothers blood will produce anti-Rh antibodies.
[1]
The harmful effect does not show during the first pregnancy, her first
child is safe.
[1]
In the next pregnancy, the antibody level built up in the maternal blood
stream.
[1]
Her antibodies may cross the placenta and cause agglutination and
haemolysed of the fetal red blood cells.
[1]
The baby may be stillborn or may die within a few days after birth.
[1]
Diagram = [3]
[Max10]
14.3
1.
Diagram 14.9 show three different molecules which are found in the DNA.
14-16
Phosphate
Base
Sugar
DIAGRAM 14.9
(a)
Describe the structure of the DNA.
[4 marks]
A nucleotide is formed when the three molecules, phosphate, sugar

and base are linked together.
[1]
One nucleotide joins another nucleotide through condensation

forming a dinucleotide
Many nucleotides joint together forming a long double strand

polynucleotide chain.
[1]
[1]
Sugar and phosphate molecules alternate to form the backbone of

the nucleotide chain
[1]
Base molecules project out sideways from the sugar molecules [1]
Two polynucleotide chains twist to form a double helix structure of

DNA
[1]
Max = [4]
(b)
14-17
The transfer of genes or DNA plays an important role in genetic

engineering. For instance, gene from humans can be transferred to
bacterial cells. Once inside the bacteria, these human gene control
the bacterial cells. This causes the bacteria to synthesise something
they would not normally make in nature. For example, bacteria can
produce human insulin.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
[6 marks]
Advantages of genetic engineering:
Enables the mass production of various types of products

through the development of new strains of crops and
livestock.
[1]
ensures that food sources are readily available at cheaper

cost
[1]
enables the mass production of medical and pharmaceutical

products
[1]
can help solve environmental problems such as oil spills by

using genetically engineered bacteria
[1]
Any 3 = [3]
Disadvantages of genetic engineering:
the introduction of foreign genes in microorganisms leads to

the creation of harmful pathogens.
[1]
New species of crops that are produced can cause the

original species to become extinct.
[1]
Genetically modified food may contain an animal gene which

may be objectionable to vegetarian.
[1]
transgenic crops can colonise and displace the natural plant

population
[1]
the side effects of eating food from genetically modified

organism are still uncertain.
[1]
any 3 = [3]
14-18
(c)
Describe briefly on the important of DNA fingerprinting and human genome

project to mankind.
-
[10 marks]
DNA fingerprinting can be used for identification purposes in solving

criminal cases
[1]
for example, DNA samples from blood , skin, hair or semen left by a
criminal at the scene of crime can be analysed.
[1]
to identify the parent of someone
[1]
to test potential organ donors for compatibility with a particular patient

[1]
to examine the relationship among human populations
[1]
to detect human genetic diseases and cancer
[1]
to confirm the genotypes of animals and plants in agriculture
[1]
max = [5]
The importance of human genome project:

-
A genome is the total genetic content of any cell in an organism. It

consists of all the genes on all the chromosomes.
[1]
human genome project aims to map the position of genes on the

chromosome and determine the sequence of bases in the DNA.
Identification of defective genes and hence the opportunity to offer

early treatment.
[1]
Identification of genes which confer a susceptibility to certain diseases

and so enable individuals to take preventive measures.
[1]
[1]
Prediction of proteins that the genes produce, giving an opportunity to

design appropriate drugs to enhance or inhibit the activities of these
protein.
[1]
Discovering the function of all the genes in the human genome will
produce exciting new information. This should help us understand
more about how body works, and how to prevent and care diseases. [1]
max = [5]
14-19
14-20

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PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Multiple Choice Questions

Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment

homozygous for tallness

heterozygous for tallness

homozygous for dwarfness

heterozygous for dwarfness

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Determine the possible blood group of their children.

It could only be blood group AB

It could only be blood group A or B

It could only be blood group A, B or O

It could only be blood group O

Erythroblastosis fetalis is the problem of new born baby that related to

blood transfusion incompatibility

mothers drug abuse.

Diagram 14.3 shows the human karyotype.

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Understanding Genes and Chromosomes

Diagram 14.4 shows a part of the DNA structure.

The uses of DNA fingerprint are

to identify the parent of someone

to solve criminal cases

to identify diseases inherited

to identify a baby claimed by different mothers

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

II and III only

I, II and III only

I, II, III and IV

Which of the following is not true about DNA fingerprinting?

It is a print pattern from the right thumb

It can be made from a blood sample, hair or semen sample

It is used in forensic work

It can be used to confirm animal pedigrees

What are the advantages of introducing genetic engineering in agriculture?

Increase the food yield

Improve the food quality

Increase in resistance to pests and diseases

II and III only

To determine the sex of foetus

Concept of Inheritance Based on Mendels Experiment

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Complete the alleles in Figure 1.

State the type of cross shown in Figure 1.

State the genotype of plants in F1 generation.

State the phenotype of plants in F1 generation

Tall pea plant with red flowers

If crossing over between genes takes place in the individuals of F1 generation

meiosis, draw the possible gametes produced from the F1 generation.

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

Table 14.1 shows an incomplete Punnetts of crossing made between a

Complete Table 1 to show the various offspring produced.

Explain the results.

A plant which is heterozygous for tallness and the red

A plant which is homogygous recessive has the genotype

When the plant is crossed with another plant at random to