MORPHOSYNTAX

MORPHOSYNTAX
THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH WORDS THROUGH

DERIVATION
THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH NOUNS THROUGH DERIVATION
NURUL IKHSAN KAMSYA

15B01096
ENGLISH EDUCATION B
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE
GRADUATE PROGRAM
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ion

UR: *[#[improv / improv]v + [-ion]suf#]N
RR-1 insertion of at: *[#[improvis+at/improvis/]v + [-ion]suf#]N
PR-1 /t//s/: [#[improviseis/]v + [-ion ]suf#]N
Output: [improvisation /improvisasion/]
Meaning : a performance which an actor, musician, etc. has not practiced
or planned
Sentence : There are classes in movement, dance and improvisation.
Source : Oxford page
UR : *[#[integrate /n.t.gret/ ]v + [-ion]suf#]N
Output: [integration /n.tgre. n/ /]
Meaning : racial/cultural integration
Sentence : social culture has high integration
UR :*[#[examine / igzaemin/]v + [-ion]Suf#]N
RR-1 insertion of at :*[#[examine+at / igzaemineit/]v + [-ion]Suf#]N
PR-1 /t/ // : [#[/igzaeminei /]v + [-ion]Suf#]N
Output: [examination / igzminei en/]
Meaning : when someone looks at or considers something carefully in
order to discover something
Sentence : The evidence is still under examination
UR : *[#[form/frm/]v + [ -ion]suf#]N
RR-1 insertion of at :*[#[form+at / frmt/]v + [-ion]Suf#]N
PR-1 /t/ // : [#[/frmtei /]v + [-ion]Suf#]N
Output: [formation / frmteien/]
Meaning : the way something is naturally made or the way it has been
arranged
Sentence : a rock formation
SR:*[#[affiliate+it / affili:it/]v + [- ion]suf #]N
PR- 2 /i:/
/i/:*[#[affilietit]v + [- ion]suf #]N
PR- 3 /i/
/e/:*[#[/affiliteit]v + [ -ion]suf #]N
PR-1 /t/
/s/:*[#/affilieis/]v + [ -ion/isen]suf #]N
Output:[affilitation/ affiliesion/]
Meaning : a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger
organization
Sentence : Their lack of affiliation to any particular bank allows them to
give objective financial advice.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ty

UR: *[#[active/ktif/]Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR-15 insertion of /i/ : [#[/ktif+i/]Adj +[-ty]Suf#]N
Output : [activity / ktiviti/]
Meaning : to do something for a particular purpose, or to behave in the
stated way
Sentence : There was a lot of activity in preparation for the Queen's visit.
UR: [#[odd/ad/]Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR Insertion of / /: [#[/ad+ + / ] Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
Output: [oddity / odti / ]
Meaning : someone or something that is strange and unusual
Sentence : Even today a man who stays at home to look after the children
is regarded as something of an oddity
UR: *[#[continue/kentinyu/]v + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR-15 insertion of /i/ : [#[/kentinyu:+i/]Adj +[-ty]Suf#]N
Output : [continuity / kentinyu:iti/]
Meaning : when something continues for a long period of time without
being changed or stopped
Sentence : There has been no continuity in that class - they've had a
succession of different teachers.
UR : *[#[possible/pasbl/]Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR / / / i / : *[#[pasbil + + / ] Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR Insertion of / / : [#[/pasbil + / ] Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
Output : [Possibility / pasbiliti / ]
Meaning : a chance that something may happen or be true
Sentence : It's not likely to happen but I wouldn't rule out the possibility.
UR: [#[dense/dens/]Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
PR Insertion of / /: [#[dens+ + / ] Adj + [-ty]Suf#]N
Output: [density / densti / ]
Meaning : the number of people or things in a place when compared with
the size of the place
Sentence : The area has a high/low population density.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ment

UR : *[#[ engage / nged ]v + [ment] suf#]N
Output: [engagement / nged.mnt /]
Meaning : the act of beginning to fight someone, or a period of time in a
war
Sentence : They announced their engagement at the party on Saturday.
UR : *[ #[ judge/ dd ]v + [ment] suf#]N
Output: [judgment / dd.mnt /]
Meaning : the ability to form valuable opinions and make good decisions.
Sentence : I don't think you have the right to pass judgment
UR : *[ #[pay/ pe]v + [ment] suf#]N
Output: [payment / pe.mnt /]
Meaning : an amount of money paid
Sentence : Usually we ask for payment on receipt of the goods.
UR : *[ #[ treat/ trit ]v + [ment] suf#]N
Output: [treatment / trit.mnt /]
Meaning : the way you deal with or behave towards someone or something
Sentence : Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss
UR : *[ #[assess / ses]v + [ment] suf#]N

Output: [assesment /ses.mnt/ ]
Meaning : decide the amount, value, quality or importance of something,
or the judgment or decision that is made
Sentence : social culture has high integration
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ness

UR : *[#[lonely / ln.li]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N
Output: [loneliness / ln.l.ns /]
Meaning : the state of being lonely
Sentence : She gets loneliness now that all the kids have left home.
UR : *[#[selfish / el.f ]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N
Output: [selfishness / sel.f.ns /]
Meaning : disaproving
Sentence : an understanding of selfishness
UR : *[#[dark / dk ]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N
Output: [darkness / dk.ns /]
Meaning : the quality of being very dark or an area of darkness
Sentence : The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.
UR : *[#[sly / sla ]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N
Output: [slyness / sla.ns /]
Meaning : on the sly
Sentence : He drives his mother's cslyness while she's at work.
UR : *[#[fair / fe]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N

Output: [fairness / fe.ns /]
Meaning : the quality of treating people equally or in a way that is right or
reasonable
Sentence : He had a real sense of fairness and hated injustice.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix hood

UR : *[#[girl]n + [-hood]suf #]N
Output: [girlhood / gl.hd /]
Meaning : old-fashioned
Sentence : She lived in India during her girlhood.
UR : *[#[man]n + [-hood]suf #]N
Output: [manhood / mn.hd/]
Meaning : the state of being a man
Sentence : The story is seen through the eyes of a boy on the verge of
manhood.
UR : *[#[prince]n + [-hood]suf #]N
Output: [princehood / prntshd /]
Meaning : the state of being a prince
Sentence : She acquired the painting at a jumble sale for the princehood
sum of 25p.
UR : *[#[king]n + [-hood]suf #]N
Output: [kinghood / k.hd/]
Meaning : the state of being a king
Sentence : The prospect of kinghood filled her with horror.
UR : *[#[parent]n + [-hood]suf #]N

Output: [parenthood / pe.rnt.hd /]
Meaning : the state of being a parent
Sentence : The prospect of parenthood filled her with horror.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ance

UR : *[#[avoid]v + [-ance]suf #]N
Output: [avoidance / /v.d n t s/ ]
Meaning : the practice of avoiding something or someone
Sentence : The avoidance of injury is critical to a professional athlete.
UR : *[#[append]v + [-ance]suf #]N
Output: [appendance / pendns /]
Meaning : the end of a piece
Sentence : The appendance a short footnote to the text explaining the
point.
UR : *[#[approve]v + [-ance]suf #]N
Output: [approvance / pruvnts /]
Meaning : showing that you have a positive opinion about something or
someone
Sentence : She gave him an approving smile.
UR : *[#[perform]v + [-ance]suf #]N
Output: [performance / pf.mns]
Meaning : do
Sentence : Some athletes take drugs to improve their performance.
UR : *[#[allow]v + [-ance]suf #]N

Output: [allowance /la. n t s/ ]
Meaning : money that you are given regularly
Sentence : The perks of the job include a company pension scheme and a
generous travel allowance.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ence

UR :*[#[adhere/adher/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
PR -3 /i//e/ :*[#[/adher/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
PR -57/i///:*[#[/ dhi/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
Output
: [adherence/dhirns/]
Meaning : acts strictly according to rules, beliefs, etc.
Sentence : He was noted for his strict adherence to the rules.
UR : *[#[confer]v + [-ence]suf #]N
Output: [conference / kn.f r. ns /]
Meaning : an event
Sentence : I'm speaking at/attending a conference next week.
UR : *[#[depend]v + [-ence]suf #]N
Output: [dependence / dpen.d ns]
Meaning : continue existing or operating
Sentence : The company needs to reduce its dependence on just one
particular product.
UR : *[#[transfer]v + [-ence]suf #]N
Output: [transference / /trnsf.rns/ ]
Meaning : the process of moving something
Sentence : UN observers were there to ensure the smooth transference of
power.
UR :*[#[reside/rizaid/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
PR -3 /i//e/ :*[#[/rezaid/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
PR -27deletion of /i/ :*[#[/rezad/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
PR -74/a/// :*[#[/rezd/]v+[-ence]suf#]N
Output :[residence/rezdns/]
Meaning : a home
Sentence : the Governor's official residence
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix er/-or

UR: * [#[bake]v + [-er]Suf #]N
Output: [baker/be.k r /]
Meaning : a person whose job is to make bread and cakes for sale, or to
sell bread and cakes
Sentence : I see baker
UR : *[#[sprint]v + [-er]Suf #]N
Output: [sprinter / sprn.t r /]
Meaning : very fast run that someone makes when they are in a great hurry
to get somewhere
Sentence : He suddenly broke into (= started) a sprint.
UR : *[#[lose]v + [-er]Suf #]N
Output: [loser/ lu.z r /]
Meaning : a person or team that does not win a game
Sentence : The losers of both games will play each other for third place.
UR : *[#[paint]v + [-er]Suf #]N
Output: [painter / pen.t r / ]
Meaning : someone who paints pictures
Sentence : he is a painter
UR :* [#[clean]v + [-er]Suf #]N

Output :[cleaner/kli.n r /]
Meaning : a person whose job is to clean houses, offices, public places,
etc.
Sentence : Chris has an evening job as an office cleaner.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ce

UR: * [#[arrest]Adj + [-ce]Suf#]N
Output: [arrestance/rest /]
Meaning : very attractive in a way that attracts a lot of attention
Sentence : an arretance looking woman
UR : *[#[start]Adj + [-ce]Suf#]N
Output: [startce / stt /]
Meaning : the beginning of something
Sentence : We were doubtful about the product's usefulness from the
startce
UR : *[#[elect]Adj + [-ce]Suf#]N
Output: [electance/ lekt /]
Meaning : people who are chosen by God
Sentence : electance people
UR : *[#[rescue]Adj + [-ce]Suf#]N
Output: [rescue / res.kju / ]
Meaning : when someone in a dangerous situation is helped and made safe
Sentence : Lifeboats carry out many rescues every month.
UR: *[#[Dedicate]N + [-ee]Suf#]N

PR-14 Deletion of /e/: [#[Dedicat]N + [-ee]Suf#]N
Output: [dedicate/ ded..ket/ ]
Meaning : to give your energy, time, etc. completely
racial/cultural integration
Sentence : He has dedicated his life to scientific research.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix cy

UR: *[#[excellent]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
PR-14 Deletion of /t/: [#[excellen]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
Output: [Excellency / ek.s l.n t .si ]
Meaning : omeone in an important official position
Sentence : His Excellency will be pleased to see you now.
UR: *[#[Dependent]Adj + [-cy]Suf#]N
PR-14 Deletion of /t/: [#[Dependen]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
Output: [dependency / dpen.d n t .si ]
Meaning : a country which is supported and governed by another country
Sentence : Indonesia dependency attack other country
UR: *[#[Frequent]Adj + [-cy]Suf#]N
PR-14 Deletion of /t/: [#[Frequen]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
Output: [frequency / fri.kwn t .si ]
Meaning : the number of times something happens within a particular
period, or the fact of something happening often or a large number or
times
Sentence : the increasing frequency of terrorist attacks
UR: *[#[Complacent]Adj + [-cy]Suf#]N

PR-14 Deletion of /t/: [#[Complacen]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
Output: [complacency / kmple.s n t .si ]
Meaning : a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or
situation that prevents you from trying harder
Sentence : There's no room for complacency if we want to stay in this
competition!
UR: *[#[Democrat]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
PR-14 Deletion of /t/: [#[Democra]N + [-cy]Suf#]N
Output: [democracy / dmk.r.si ]
Meaning : the belief in freedom and equality
Sentence : The government has promised to uphold the principles of
democracy.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix al

UR: *[#[music]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj
Output: [musical / mju.z.k l ]
Meaning : related to or connected with music
Sentence : The family all play instruments - they're all very musical.
UR: *[#[function]N + [-al]Suf]Adj
Output: [functional / fk. n. l ]
Meaning : performing a particular operation
Sentence : Is the central heating functional yet?
UR: *[#[organization]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj
Output: [organizational / .g n. a ze. n. l ]
Meaning : managing
Sentence : She is looking for a personal assistant with good organizational
skills .
UR
: *[#[bride]N + [-al]Suf]Adj
PR-52 /i/
//: *[#[braid/]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj
Output : [bridal/br dl/]
Meaning : of a woman about to be married
Sentence : We stayed in the hotel's bridal suite
UR: *[#[optic/aptik/]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj

PR-52 /i/
//: *[#[apt k/]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj
Output : [optical/aptkl/]
Meaning : relating to light or the ability to see
Sentence : an optical microscope
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ee

UR: *[#[arrest]v + [-ee]Suf#]N
Output: [arrestee / resti]
Meaning : charging
Sentence : She was stopped outside the shop and placed/put under arrestee.
UR: *[#[pay]v + [-ee]Suf#]N
Output: [payee / pei ]
Meaning : a person who money is paid to or should be paid to
Sentence : the payee is paying in bank
UR: *[#[dedicate]v + [-ee]Suf#]N
Output: [dedicatee / ded..keti]
Meaning : to give your energy, time, etc
Sentence : dedicatee person
UR
: * [#[rescue]v + [-ee]Suf#]N
Output : [rescuee/res.kjui /]
Meaning : someone in a dangerous situation is helped and made safe
Sentence : she becomes rescuee
UR: *[#[elect]v + [-ee]Suf#]N

Output : [electee/ lekti /]
Meaning : people
Sentence : I saw an electee
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix an

UR
:*[#[India/India/]N+[-an]suf#]N
PR -21 deletion of // :*[#[/Indi /]v+[-an]suf#]N
Output
: [Indian/ indin]
Meaning : a person from India
Sentence : I see an indian
UR
:*[#[magic]N + [-an]suf #]N
PR -21 deletion of // :*[#[/ md.k ]v+[-an]suf#]N
Output
: [magician / md. n /]
Meaning : a person who has magic powers in stories
Sentence : There'll be a magician at the kids' Christmas party.
UR
:*[#[Germany/Germany/]N+[-an]suf#]N
PR -21 deletion of // :*[#[/german]v+[-an]suf#]N
Output
: [ Germanian / Germanin]
Meaning : German people
Sentence : germanian is polite
UR
: *[#[Africa]N + [-an]suf #]N
PR -21 deletion of // :*[#[/ f.r.k ]v+[-an]suf#]N
Output
: [african /f.r.kn ]
Meaning : someone from Africa
Sentence : African is black
UR
:*[#[Canada/Canada/]N+[-an]suf#]N
PR -21 deletion of // :*[#[/Cnad]v+[-an]suf#]N
Output
: [Canadian / Canadin]
Meaning : a person from canada
Sentence : Canadian move to Scotland
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ism

UR
: *[#[Agnostic]Adj + [-ism]suf #]N
Output
: [agnosticism/ gns.t.s.z m/ ]
Meaning : religious belief
Sentence : she is an agnosticism
UR
: *[#[bilingual]N + [-ism]suf #]N
Output
: [bilingualism / bal.gw l.z m /]
Meaning : communication
Sentence : she knows bilingualism
UR
: *[#[behavior]Adj + [-ism]suf #]N
Output
: [ behaviorism /bhe.vj.r.z m ]
Meaning : the theory that the study of the human mind should be based on
people's actions and behaviour
Sentence : I study about behaviorism
UR
: *[#[capital]N + [-ism]suf #]N
Output
: [capitalism /kp..t l..z m ]
Meaning : making the greatest possible profits for successful organizations
and people
Sentence : someone who supports capitalism
UR
: *[#[alcohol]N + [-ism]suf #]N
Output
: [alcoholism /l.k.hl..z m ]
Meaning : the condition of being an alcoholic
Sentence : Alcoholism cost me my job, my health and finally my family.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ist

UR
:*[#[Philology/philolji/]N+[-ist]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of /i/ :*[#[/philolj /]N+[-ist]suf#]N
Output
: [Philologist/ philoljist]
Meaning : the study of language
Sentence : philologist is importan in our life
UR
: *[#[guitar]N + [-ist]suf #]N
Output
: [guitarist / gt.rst /]
Meaning : a person who plays the guitar
Sentence : I am guitarust
UR
: *[#[novel]N + [-ist]suf #]N
Output
: [ novelist /nv. l.st ]
Meaning : a person who writes novels
Sentence : radit is novelist
UR
: *[#[research]N + [-ist]suf #]N
Output
: [researchist /rstst ]
Meaning : a person who do researche
Sentence : researhist is interesting
UR
:*[#[cosmology/cosmolji/]N+[-ist]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of /i/ :*[#[/cosmolj/]N+[-ist]suf#]N
Output
: [Cosmologist/ cosmoljist]
Meaning : the study of the nature and origin of the universe
Sentence : she is studying cosmologist
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix acy

UR
:*[#[accurate/kjrt/]Adj+[-acy]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of ate :*[#[accur]N+[-acy]suf#]N
Output
: [accuracy / k.j.r.si ]
Meaning : being exact or correct
Sentence : We can predict changes with a surprising degree of accuracy.
UR
:*[#[diplomat/diplmsi]Adj+[-acy]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of at :*[#[diploma]N+[-acy]suf#]N
Output
: [diplomacy / dpl.m.si ]
Meaning : the management of relationships between countries
Sentence : Diplomacy has so far failed to bring an end to the fighting.
UR
:*[#[private/praivit/]Adj+[-acy]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of ate :*[#[priva]N+[-acy]suf#]N
Output
: [Privacy / prv..si ]
Meaning : someone's right to keep their personal matters and relationships
secret
Sentence : The new law is designed to protect people's privacy.
UR
:*[#[democrat/dmkrt/]Adj+[-acy]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of at :*[#[democr]N+[-acy]suf#]N
Output
: [democracy / dmk.r.si ]
Meaning : a country in which power is held by elected representatives
Sentence : The government has promised to uphold the principles of
democracy.
UR
:*[#[candidate/kndidt/]Adj+[-acy]suf#]N
PR -27 deletion of ate :*[#[candi]N+[-acy]suf#]N
Output
: [candidacy / kn.d.d.si ]
Meaning : the fact of being a candidate
Sentence : She is expected to announce officially her candidacy for
president early next week.
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix age

UR
:* [#[advent]N + [-age]suf #]N
Output
: [advantage / dvn.td ]
Meaning : condition giving a greater chance of success
Sentence : The advantage of book ing tickets in advance is that you get
better seats.
UR
:* [#[foot]N + [-age]suf #]N
Output
: [footage / ft.d ]
Meaning : film especially one showing an event
Sentence : Woody Allen's film 'Zelig' contains early newsreel footage.
UR
:* [#[carry]N + [-age]suf #]N
Output
: [carriage / kr.d ]
Meaning : a vehicle with four wheels
Sentence : a horse-drawn carriage
UR
:* [#[marry]N + [-age]suf #]N
Output
: [marriage / mr.d ]
Meaning : a legally accepted relationship between a woman and a man in
which they live as husband and wife, or the official ceremony which
results in this
Sentence : They had a long and happy marriage.
UR
:* [#[dress]N + [-age]suf #]N
Output
: [dressage / dres. ]
Meaning the training of a horse to perform special
Sentence : a dressage competition
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix dom

UR
:* [#[clerk]V + [-dom]suf #]N
Output
: [clerkdom /klk dm ]
Meaning : a person who works in an office
Sentence : I see a clerkdom
UR
:* [#[chief]V + [-dom]suf #]N
Output
: [chiefdom / tif dm ]
Meaning : chief
Sentence : social is chiefdoms
UR
:* [#[love]V + [-dom]suf #]N
Output
: [lovedom / lvdm]
Meaning : love
Sentence : they are lovedom
UR
:* [#[Kaiser]V + [-dom]suf #]N
Output
: [kaiserdom / ka.zen dm]
Meaning : kaiser
Sentence : kaiserdom in romawi
UR
:* [#[christen]V + [-dom]suf #]N
Output
: [christendom / krs. n.dm ]
Meaning : crostini
Sentence : crunch need christendom
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ry / -ery

UR
:* [#[laund]adj + [-ry]suf #]N
Output
: [laundry /ln.dri ]
Meaning : the dirty clothes and sheets which need to be, are being or have
been washed
Sentence : I've got to do (= wash) my laundry.
UR
:* [#[midwife]adj + [-ry]suf #]N
Output
: [midwifery / mdwf. r.i ]
Meaning : At nursing college
Sentence : she specialized in midwifery.
UR
:* [#[bake]adj + [-ry]suf #]N
Output
: [bakery /be.k r.i ]
Meaning : a place where bread and cakes are made and sometimes sold
Sentence : I go to bakery
UR
:* [#[pedant]adj + [-ry]suf #]N
Output
: [pedantry / ped. n.tri ]
Meaning : wanting everything to be right
Sentence : There was a hint of pedantry in his elegant style of speaking.
UR
:* [#[fish]adj + [-ery]suf #]N
Output
: [fishery / f. r.i ]
Meaning : an area of water where fish are caught so they can be sold an
offshore fishery
Sentence : bayam beach is good fishery
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ure

UR
:* [#[erase]V + [-ure]suf #]N
Output
: [erasure / re. r ]
Meaning : removing
Sentence : the nuclear erasure of entire populations
UR
:* [#[end]V + [-ure]suf #]N
Output
: [endure / ndj r ]
Meaning : tolerating
Sentence : We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
UR
:* [#[advent]V + [-ure]suf #]N
Output
: [adventure / dven.t r ]
Meaning : journey
Sentence : She had some exciting adventure in Egypt.
UR
:* [#[expose]V + [-ure]suf #]N
Output
: [exposure / ksp. r]
Meaning : someone experiences something
Sentence : You should always limit your exposure
UR
:* [#[architect]V + [-ure]suf #]N
Output
: [architecture/ .k.tek.t r ]
Meaning : a person job
Sentence : the art and science of designing and making buildings
to study architecture
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix y

UR
:* [#[salt]V + [-y]suf #]N
Output
: [salty /sl.ti ]
Meaning : tasting of salt
Sentence : This bacon is too salty for me.
UR
:* [#[girl]V + [-y]suf #]N
Output
: [ girly /g.li ]
Meaning : a girl
Sentence : the girly is beauty
UR
:* [#[toast]V + [-y]suf #]N
Output
: [toasty / t.sti ]
Meaning : snack
Sentence : tuna toasty
UR
:* [#[orator]V + [-y]suf #]N
Output
: [oratory /r..t r.i/ ]
Meaning : skilful and effective public speaking
Sentence : The prime minister has a reputation for powerful oratory.
UR
:* [#[jump]V + [-y]suf #]N
Output
: [jumpy/ dm.pi ]
Meaning : nervous and worried, especially because you are frightened or
guilty
Sentence : My mother gets very jumpy when she's alone in the house
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ing

UR
:* [#[wait]V + [-ing]suf #]N
Output
: [waiting /we.t ]
Meaning : (of a person) waiting or expecting to be given the authority, job
or power named
Sentence : The press has identified several government ministers-inwaiting
UR
:* [#[walk]V + [-ing]suf #]N
Output
: [ walking /w.k ]
Meaning : do
Sentence : walking is good for our health
UR
:* [#[write]V + [-ing]suf #]N
Output
: [writing/ ra.t/ ]
Meaning : do
Sentence : writing is my hobby
UR
:* [#[hold]V + [-ing]suf #]N
Output
: [holding / hl.d ]
Meaning : do
Sentence : holding is feeling something good
UR
:* [#[read]V + [-ing]suf #]N
Output
: [reading/ri.d ]
Meaning : do
Sentence : reading is not interesting for me
The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix th

UR
:* [#[hundred]N + [-th]suf #]N
Output
: [hundredth /sl.ti ]
Meaning : ordinal number
Sentence : so1991 was the two hundredth anniversary of Mozart's death.
UR
:* [#[we]N + [-th]suf #]N
Output
: [ weth /g.li ]
Meaning : racial
Sentence : the weth of interesting
UR
:* [#[steal]N + [-th]suf #]N
Output
: [stealth/ t.sti ]
Meaning : movement
Sentence : The weapons had been acquired by stealth.
UR
:* [#[ear]N + [-th]suf #]N
Output
: [earth /r..t r.i/ ]
Meaning : groud
Sentence : You could get a nasty shock from that water heater if it isn't
earthed properly.
UR
:* [#[seven]N + [-th]suf #]N
Output
: [seventh/ dm.pi ]
Meaning : ordinal number
Sentence : It's the seventh (of May) today.
THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH VERBS THROUGH DERIVATION
The Formation of English verbs with the Suffix ate

[#[Decor] adj + [-ate]suf#]V
Output : [Decorate]
Meaning : make something more attractive by putting things on it
Sentence : I decorate my room
Source: Oxford Learner`s Pocket Dictionary, Fourth Edition.
[#[Urine]N + [-ate]suf#]V
Output : [Urinate]
Meaning : Pass urine from the body
Sentence : He urinate in the WC
[#[Invalid] adj + [-ate]suf#]V
Output : [Invalidate]
Meaning : Prove that something is wrong
Sentence : My supervisor ask me to invalidate my thesis
[#[Frustated]adj. + [-ate]suf#]V
Output : [Frustrate ]
Meaning : make somebody feel annoyed
Sentence: She frustrate me
[#[Formula]adj + [-ate]suf#]V
Output : [ Formulate]
Meaning: Create or prepare something carefully
Sentence: The Chef formulate the ingredients
The Formation of English verbs with the Suffix en

[#[Awake]adj + [-en ]suf#]V
Output :[Awaken]
Meaning : cause somebody to wake up
Sentence : My mom awaken me
[#[Short]adj + [-en]suf#] V
Output : [Shorten]
Meaning : Cause something to become shorter
Sentence : The host shorten the event
[#[ Light] adj+ [-en]suf#]V
Output : [Lighten]
Meaning : Reduce the amount of work, debt, worry,etc.
Sentence : He lighten me up
[#[Weak]adj + [-en]suf#]V
Output : [Weaken]
Meaning : make something weak
Sentence : It weaken the drink
[#[Quick]adj + [-en]suf#]V
Output : [Quicken]
Meaning :make something quicker
Sentence : The host quicken the event
The Formation of English Verbs with the Suffix fy

[#[Glory]N+ [-fy]suf#]V
Output : [Glorify]
Meaning : make something seem better
Sentence : The manager glorify his performance
[#[Simple]N + [-fy]suf#]V
Output : [Simplify ]
Meaning : make it simple
Sentence : They simplify the problems
[#[Example]N + [-fy]suf#]V
Output : [Exemplify]
Meaning : giving example to help someone
Sentence : His manner exemplify his breeding
[#[Test]N + [-fy]suf#]V
Output : [Testify ]
Meaning : giving weakness
Sentence : She testify in my favor
[#[Note]N + [-fy]suf#]V
Output :[Notify ]
Meaning : Inform something
Sentence : I notify you
The Formation of English Verbs with the Suffix ize

[#[Glamor]adj + [-ize]suf#]V
Output : [Glamorize ]
Meaning : make something bad seem attractive and exciting
Sentence : Her performance glamorize the audience
[#[Hospital]N+ [-ize]suf#]V
Output : [Hospitalize]
Meaning : Send somebody to hospital for treatmenr
Sentence : She hospitalize her cousin
[#[Central]N + [-ize]suf#]V
Output : [Centralize]
Meaning : cause something to come under the control
Sentence: The Owner centralize the shopping in the town hall
[#[Individual]N+ [-ize]suf#]V
Output : [Individualize]
Meaning : to make something different to suit the needs of a particular
person or thing
Sentence : She try to individualize childrens learning
Source: Oxford Learner`s Pocket Dictionary, Fourth Edition
[#[Fossil]N + [-ize]suf#]V
Output : [Fossilize]
Meaning : cause something to become fossil
Sentence : The expert fossilize the plant
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix en

[# [en-]pref + [Force]N#]V
Output : [Enforce]
Meaning : force people to obey a law
Sentence : He really try to enforce the law
[# [-en]pref + [Quire]N#]V
Output : [Enquire]
Meaning : to ask somebody for some information
Sentence : I called the station to enquire about train times.
[# [-en]pref + [Act]N#]V
Output : [Enact]
Meaning : to pass a law
Sentence : The legislation enact the parliament
[#[-en]pref + [Trap]N#]V
Output : [Entrap ]
Meaning : to put or catch somebody in a place or situation from which
they cannot escape
Sentence : They entrap the thief in the house
Source: Oxford Learner`s Pocket Dictionary, Fourth Edition
[# [En]pref + [Lighten]N#]V
Output : [Enlighten]
Meaning : to give somebody information so that they understand
something better
Sentence : She didnt enlighten him about her background
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix auto

[# [-auto]pref + [Mate]v#]V
Output : [Automate]
Meaning : to use machines and computers instead of people to do job or
task
Sentence : The factory is now fully aotomated
[#[-auto] suf + [Focus]v#]V
Output : [Autofocus]
Meaning : centre of interest
Sentence : The students autofocus about their subject
[#[-auto ] + [Load]v#]V
Output [Autoload]
Meaning : to thing that is carried by person automatically
Sentence : The driver autoload that thing
[#[Auto] pref + [Graft]v#]V
Output : [Autograft]
Meaning : attach something to something else as a graft
Sentence : The owner autograft the shop
[#[-auto]pref + [Suggest]v#]V
Output : [Autosuggest]
Meaning : to give an idea or plan
Sentence : The suvervisor autoplan their employee
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix dis

[#[-dis]pref + [Cover]v#]V
Output : [Discover]
Meaning : find or learn about something for the first time
Sentence : He discover his wallet
[#[-dis]pref + [Play]v#] V
Output : [Display]
Meaning : show of
Sentence : She displays her own latest fashion.
[#[-dis]pref + [Like]v#]V
Output : [Dislike]
Meaning : not like something
Sentence : I dislike the arrogant person
[#[-dis]pref + [Respect]v#]V
Output : [Disrespect]
Meaning : not to pay attention
Sentence : They disrespect to their lecturer
[#[-dis]pref + [Miss]v#] V
Output : [Dismiss]
Meaning : decide that something is not important
Sentence : She was dismissed from her job
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix fore

[#[-fore]pref + [Thought]v#]V
Output : [Forthought]
Meaning : the thinking before
Sentence : She really forethought about her life.
[#[-fore]pref + [Word]#]V
Output : [Foreword]
Meaning : pre issue
Sentence : The presenter foreword the news
[#[-fore]pref + [Sight]v#]V
Output : [Foresight]
Meaning : the goal in the future
Sentence : They foresight about their study
[#[-fore]pref + [Cast]v#]V
Output : [Forecast]
Meaning : to predict
Sentence : The shaman predict the girl future
[#[-fore]pref + [Front]v#]V
Output : [Forefront]
Meaning : to stand in the future
Sentence : The seller forefront their costumer.
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix inter

[#[-inter]pref + [act]v#]V
Output : [Interact]
Meaning : have an effect on each other of people
Sentence : They interact one another
[#[-inter]pref + [Marry]v#]V
Output : [Intermarry]
Meaning : married to married
Sentence : Their cousins intermarry one another
[#[-inter]pref + [change] v#] V
Output : [Interchange]
Meaning : cause two people or things to change places with each other
Sentence : We interchange one another
[#[-inter]pref + [View]v#]V
Output : [Interview]
Meaning : to ask something
Sentence : I interview the foreigner
[#[-inter]pref + [Lace]v#]V
Output : [Interlace]
Meaning : to communicate
Sentence : Indonesian students interlace with foreign students
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefixmis

[#[-mis]pref + [Use]v#]V
Output : [Misuse]
Meaning : use something in the wrong way
Sentence : we misuse our lecturer belief
[#[-mis]pref + [spend]v#]V
Output : [Misspend]
Meaning : spend time or money carelessly
Sentence : He misspend his youth
[#[-mis]pref+[Understand]v#]V
Output : [Misunderstand]
Meaning : fail to understand something correctly
Sentence : She misunderstand about the news
[#[-mis]pref + [trust]v#]V
Output : [Mistrust]
Meaning : have no confidence in somebody
Sentence : My cousin mistrust with his brother
[#[-mis]pref + [spell]v#]V
Output : [Misspell]
Meaning : spell a word wrongly
Sentence : They misspell my name
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix re

[#[-re]pref + [Collect] v#]V
Output : [Recollect ]
Meaning : remember something
Sentence : My Dad recollect about his memory with my mom
[#[-re]pref + [View]v#]V
Output : [Review]
Meaning : consider or examine something again
Sentence : The director review the employees work
[#[-re]pref + [Cover]v#]V
Output : [Recover]
Meaning : get back something lost or stolen
Sentence : Prices recover slightly
[#[-re] pref + [Tell]v#]V
Output : [Retell]
Meaning : to say something back
Sentence : The students retell the story
[#[-re]pref + [Serve]v#] V
Output : [Reserve]
Meaning : to order or to prepare
Sentence : They reserve breakfast
The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix un

[#[-un]pref + [Cover]v#]V
Output : [Uncover]
Meaning : remove something that covering something
Sentence : The government uncover the terorist
[#[-un]pref + [burden]v#]V
Output : [Unburden]
Meaning : to express his bad feeling
Sentence : Deny unburden his problems
[#[-un]pref + [bend]v#]V
Output : [Unbend]
Meaning : to give it clear
Sentence : The Actress unbend the gossip
[#[-un]pref+[cork]v#] V
Output :[Uncork]
Meaning : to open something stuck
Sentence : He uncork the bottle
[#[-un]pref + [button]v#]V
Output : [Unbutton]
Meaning : take of the button
Sentence : My child unbutton his clothes
THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH ADJECTIVES THROUGH

DERIVATION
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix al

*[#[brute]N + [-al]suf#]Ad
= [brutal ]/ /bru.t l/
Meaning
: cruel, violent and completely without feelings
Example
: He had presided over a brutal regime in which thousands
of people had 'disappeared'.
Source
: Cambridge Advanced learners dictionary 3rd edition 51
*[#[conversation]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
= [conversational ] /kn.vse. n. l/
Meaning
: relating to or like a conversation
Example
: a conversational style of writing
Source
*[#[education]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
= [educational]/ /ed.jke. n. l/
Meaning
: providing education or relating to education
Example
: Reducing the size of classes may improve educational
standards.
Source
: Cambridge Advanced learners dictionary 3rd edition
142
*[#[government]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
= [governmental]/gv. m m en.t l/
Meaning
: belonging or relating to government or the government
Example
: We await a governmental decision about the future of the
programme.
Source
191
*[#[institution]N + [-al]suf#]Adj
= [institutional]/ /n t .sttju. n. l/
Meaning
: relating to an institution
Example
: The hospital provides typically awful institutional food
Source
231
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix-able

*[#[count] + [-able]suf#]Adj
= [countable]/ /kan.t.bl/
Meaning
: a countable noun can be used with 'a' or 'an' and can be
made plural
Example
: An example of a countable noun is 'table', and an
example of an uncountable noun is 'money'.
Source
*[#[detach] + [-able]suf#]Adj
=[detachable] /dtt..bl/
Meaning
: able to be detached
Example
: a detachable collar/hood
Source
121
*[#[eat] + [-able]suf#]Adj
=
[eatable] /i.t.bl/
Meaning
: describes food that is good enough to eat, though not
excellent
Example
: the apple in the refrigerator is eatable
Source
141
*[#[enjoy] + [-able]suf#]Adj
=[enjoyable]/ /nd..bl/
Meaning
: An enjoyable event or experience gives you pleasure
Example
: a very enjoyable game/film
Source
147
*[#[forgive] + [-able]suf#]Adj
= [forgivable] /fgv..bl/
Meaning
: describes something that you are able to forgive because
you understand it
Example
: a forgivable mistake
Source
173
The Formation of English Adjectives with the suffix ary

[#[parliament]n + [-ary]suf#]adj
= [parliamentary] /p.lmen.t r.i/
Meaning
: of or relating to a parliament
Example
: a parliamentary candidate/debate/election/session
parliamentary procedures/rules
Source
319
[#[budget]n + [-ary]suf#]adj
=[budgetary] /bd..tri/
Meaning
: budgetary constraints
Example
: my car is budgetary to be sold
Source
[#[planet]n + [-ary]suf#]adj
planetary] /pln..t r.i/
Meaning
: relating to planets
Example
: planetary science/motion
Source
335
[#[reaction]n + [-ary]suf#]adj
= [reactionary] /rik. n. r.i/
Meaning
: a person who is opposed to political or social change or
new ideas
Example
: Reactionaries are preventing reforms
Source
365
[#[station]n + [-ary]suf#]adj
= [stationary] /ste. n. r.i/
Meaning
: not moving, or not changing
Example
: a stationary car/train
Source
431
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ed

[#[attach]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
= [attached] /ttt/
Meaning
: to like someone or something very much
Example
: The children are very attached to their grandparents.
Source
[#[collect]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
= [collected] /klek.td/
Meaning
: brought together in one book or series of books
Example
: His collected poems were published in 1928
Source
[#[commit]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
=[committed] /kmt.d/
Meaning
: loyal and willing to give your time and energy to
something that you believe in
Example
: a committed socialist/Christian/teacher
Source
[#[elevate]v + [-ed]suf#]adj
= [elevated] /el..ve.td/
Meaning
: high or important
Example
: She holds a more elevated position in the company
Source
144
[#[embarrass]v + [-ed]suf#]ad
j=[embarrassed]/ /mbr.st/
Meaning
: feeling ashamed or shy
Example
: She felt embarrassed about undressing in front of the
doctor.
Source
145
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ic

*[#[aesthete]N + [-ic]Suf#]Adj
= [aesthetic]/ /eset.k/
Meaning
: relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty
Example
: The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal.
Source
[#[acrobat] N + [-ic]Suf#]Adj
=[acrobatic]/ /k.rbt.k/
Meaning
: involving or able to perform difficult and attractive body
movements
Example
: an acrobatic leap into the air
Source
[#[alcohol] N + [-ic]Suf#]Adj
= [alcoholic]/ /l.khl.k/
Meaning
: containing alcohol
Example
: Could I have something non-alcoholic, like orange juice,
please?
Source
[# [antagonist] N + [ic]Suf#]Adj
=[ antagonistic] /ntg.ns.tk/
Meaning
: actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards
something or someone
Example
: He's extremely antagonistic towards all critics.
Source
[# [artist] N + [-ic]Suf#]Adj
=[artistic] /ts.tk/
Meaning
: relating to art
Example
: the artistic director of the theatre
Source
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ing

[# [abide]V + [-ing]Suf#]Adj
=[abiding] /ba.d/
Meaning
: describes a feeling or memory that you have for a long
time
Example
: My abiding memory is of him watering his plants in the
garden.
Source
[# [absorb] V + [-ing]Suf#]Adj
=[absorbing] /bz.b/
Meaning
: describes something that is very interesting and keeps
your attention
Example
: I read her last novel and found it very absorbing.
Source
[# [adjoin] V + [-ing]Suf#]Adj
=[adjoining] /d.n/
Meaning
: near, next to, or touching
Example
: We asked for adjoining rooms.
Source
[# [baffle] V + [-ing]Suf#]Adj
= [baffling] /bf.l/
Meaning
:confusing, feeling confused
Example
: I found what he was saying completely baffling
Source
[# [become] V + [-ing]Suf#]Adj
=[becoming] /bkm./
Meaning
: describes something attractive that suits the person
wearing or doing it
Example
: That's a most becoming dress, my dear
Source
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ive

*[#[affirm]V + [-ive]Suf#] Adj
=[affirmative] /f.m.tv/
Meaning
: relating to a statement that shows agreement or says 'yes'
Example
: an affirmative answer/response
Source
[#[collect]V + [-ive]Suf#]Adj
=[collective] /klek.tv/
Meaning
: of or shared by every member of a group of people
Example
: a collective decision/effort
Source
[#[conduct]V + [-ive]Suf#]Adj
=[conductive] /kndk.tv/
Meaning
: describes a substance that allows heat or electricity to go
through it
Example
: Aluminium is a conductive metal
Source
[#[correct]V + [-ive]Suf#]Adj
=[corrective] /krek.tv/
Meaning
: intended to improve a situation
Example
: corrective measures/action
Source
[#[defect]V + [-ive]Suf#]Adj
=[defective] /dfek.tv/
Meaning
: describes something that has a fault in it and does not
work correctly
Example
: defective brakes
Source
113
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ish

[#[baby]N + [-ish]Suf#] Adj
=[babyish] /be.bi./
Meaning
: only suitable for a baby
Example
: The older children found the toys too babyish.
Source
[#[ghoul]N + [-ish]Suf#]Adj
= [ghoulish] /gu.l/
Meaning
: ugly and unpleasant, or frightening
Example
: ghoulish faces
Source
185
[#[imp]N + [-ish]Suf#] Adj
=[impish] /m.p/
Meaning
: showing a child's pleasure in being playful and making
trouble
Example
: At seventy, he still retains his impish grin.
Source
221
[#[kitten]N + [-ish]Suf#] Adj
=[kittenish] /kt. n./
Meaning
: describes a woman who behaves in a playful, silly way,
especially as a way of attracting sexual attention
Example
: I like the woman who is kittenish
Source
243
[#[oaf]N + [-ish]Suf#] Adj

=[oafish] /.f/
Meaning
: like or typical of an oaf; (of a person, especially a man)
stupid, rude or awkward
Example
: oafish behaviour
Source
300
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ful

[#[art]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
= [artful] /t.f l/
Meaning
: clever and skilful, especially in getting what you want
Example
: He has shown himself to be an artful politician
Source
[#[beauty]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
=[beautiful] /bju.t.f l/
Meaning
: very attractive
Example
: breathtakingly beautiful scenery
Source
[#[right]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
=[rightful] /rat.f l/
Meaning
: A rightful position or claim is one which is morally or
legally correct
Example
: Don't forget that I am the rightful owner of this house
Source
381
[#[color]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
=[colorful] /kl..f l/
Meaning
: having bright colours or a lot of different colours
Example
: a colourful painting
Source
[#[health]n + [-ful]suf#]adj
=[healthful] /hel.f l/
Meaning
: helping to produce good health
Example
: A healthful diet includes lots of green vegetables.
Source
205
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix less

[#[bottom]n +
=[bottomless]
Meaning
Example
Source
[-less]suf#]adj
/bt.m.ls/
: without a limit or end
: The generosity of the local people is bottomless.
[#[base]n + [-less]suf#]adj
=[baseless] /be.sls/
Meaning
: not based on facts
Example
: She assured me that my fears were baseless.
Source
[#[bound]n + [-less]suf#]adj
= [boundless] /band.ls/
Meaning
: having no limit
Example
: boundless optimism
Source
[#[care]n + [-less]suf#]adj
=[careless] /ke.ls/
Meaning
: not taking or showing enough care and attention
Example
: My son's teacher says that his work is often rather
careless.
Source
[#[color]n + [-less]suf#]adj
=[colorless] /kl..ls/
Meaning
: having no colour
Example
: Water and glass are colourless.
Source
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ly

[#[beast]n + [-ly]suf#]adj
= [beastly] /bis t .li/
Meaning
: unkind or unpleasant
Example
: Why are you being so beastly to me?
Source
[#[coward]n + [-ly]suf#]adj
=[cowardly] /ka.d.li/
Meaning
: This was a particularly brutal and cowardly attack.
Example
: They are guilty of a cowardly failure to address the
problem
Source
[#[cost]n + [-ly]suf#]adj
=[costly] /ks t .li/
Meaning
: expensive
Example
: a costly item
Source
[#[dead]n + [-ly]suf#]adj
=[deadly] /ded.li/
Meaning
: likely to cause death
Example
: a deadly virus
Source
: Cambridge Advanced learners dictionary 3rd edition113
[#[day]n + [-ly]suf#]adj
=[daily] /de.li/
Meaning
: happening on or relating to every day
Example
: Take the tablets twice daily.
Source
111
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix y

[#[air]n + [-y]suf#]adj
= [airy] /e.ri/
Meaning
: with a lot of light and space
Example
: The new offices are light and airy.
Source
[#[bush]n + [-y]suf#]adj
= [bushy] /b.i/
Meaning
: describes hair or fur that is very thick
Example
: a squirrel's bushy tail
Source
[#[breeze]n + [-y]suf#]adj
= [breezy] /bri.zi/
Meaning
: with wind that is quite strong but pleasant
Example
: It was a breezy day, just right for sailing
Source
[#[craft]n + [-y]suf#]adj
=[crafty] /krf.ti/
Meaning
: clever, especially in a dishonest or secret way
Example
: I've had a crafty idea for getting round the regulations
Source
101
[#[guilt]n + [-y]suf#]adj
= [guilty]/gl.ti/
Meaning
: feeling guilt
Example
: I feel so guilty about forgetting her birthday.
Source
197
The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix en

[#[bare]n + [-en]suf#]adj
=[barren] /br. n/
Meaning
: unable to produce plants or fruit
Example
: We drove through a barren, rocky landscape .
Source
[#[beat]n + [-en]suf#]adj
= [beaten] /bi.t n/
Meaning
: describes gold or another metal that has been made flat
by having been hit repeatedly with a hard object
Example
: She was wearing a necklace of beaten gold.
Source
[#[black]n + [-en]suf#]adj
= [blacken] /blk. n/
Meaning
: to become black or to make something become black
Example
: The folds of the curtains were blackened with dirt.
Source
[#[broke]n + [-en]suf#]adj
= [broken] /br.k n/
Meaning
: damaged, no longer able to work
Example
: He attacked the man with a broken bottle.
Source
[#[mistake]n + [-en]suf#]adj
=[mistaken] /mste.k n/
Meaning
: wrong in what you believe, or based on a belief that is
wrong
Example
: I'm afraid I was mistaken about how much it would cost.
Source
281
THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH ADVERBS THROUGH

DERIVATION
The Formation of English Adverb with the prefix AUR

:* [#[a-]pref+ [ground]N#]Adj
Output
: [aground /grand ]
Meaning : unable to move
Sentence : The ship is currently aground off the Brittany coast.
UR
:* [#[a-]pref+ [piece]N#]Adj
Output
: [ apiece / pis ]
Meaning : each
Sentence : In good condition, dolls from this period sell for 500 apiece.
UR
:* [#[a-]pref+ [loud]N#]Adj
Output
: [aloud/ lad ]
Meaning : not silently or quietly
Sentence : He read her letter aloud to the rest of the family
UR
:* [#[a-]pref+ [board]N#]Adj
Output
: [aboard / bd ]
Meaning : used when talking about getting onto a ship, aircraft, bus or
train
Sentence : The flight attendant welcomed us aboard.
UR
:* [#[a-]pref+ [part]N#]Adj
Output
: [apart/ pt ]
Meaning : separated by a distance
Sentence : How far apart should the speakers be?
The Formation of English Adverb with the suffix lyUR

:* [#[bright]adj+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [brightly / brat.li ]
Meaning : the qualities of light
Sentence : Clowns often wear brightly coloured clothing
UR
:* [#[great]adj+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [ greatly / gret.li ]
Meaning : to show how much you feel or experience something
Sentence : I greatly regret not having told the truth.
UR
:* [#[clever]adj+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [cleverly/ klev. l.i ]
Meaning : in a clever or skilful way
Sentence : I thought you handled the situation very cleverly
UR
:* [#[happy]adj+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [happily / hp..li / ]
Meaning : willingly
Sentence : I'd happily offer to help him if I thought it would make any
difference.
UR
:* [#[fair]adj+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [fairly/ fe.li]
Meaning : more than average
Sentence : I'm fairly sure that this is the right address.
Source : Oxford page page

The Formation of English Adverb with the suffix lyUR
:* [#[day]N+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [daily / de.li]
Meaning : happening on or relating to every day
Sentence : Take the tablets twice daily.
UR
:* [#[hour]N+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [ hourly / a.li ]
Meaning : done or happening every hour
Sentence : Take two tablets at hourly intervals
UR
:* [#[mounth]N+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [mouthly/ ma.li]
Meaning : done or happening every mounth
Sentence : Take two tablets at mouthly intervals
UR
:* [#[week]N+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [weekly /wi.kli ]
Meaning : happening once a week or every week
Sentence : a weekly magazine/report
UR
:* [#[year]N+ [-ly]suf#]Adv
Output
: [yearly/ j.li ]
Meaning : every year or once every year
Sentence : We get a yearly pay increase.
Sentence : He said he'd be back later - leastways

The Formation of English Adverb with the suffix wise
UR
:* [#[least]N+ [-wise]suf#]Adv
Output
: [leastwise / lis t .wez ]
Meaning : used to reduce the effect of a statement
UR
:* [#[Counterclock]N+ [-wise]suf#]Adv
Output
: [ counterclockwise /kan.tklk.waz ]
Meaning : opposite direction to the movement
Sentence : US FOR anti-clockwise
UR
:* [#[slant]N+ [-wise]suf#]Adv
Output
: [slantwise/ slnt.waz ]
Meaning : describing angels
UR
:* [#[Like]N+ [-wise]suf#]Adv
Output
: [likewise /lak.waz / ]
Meaning : feeling
Sentence : Then I saw how late it was and I'm likewise, so upset.
UR
:* [#[width]N+ [-wise]suf#]Adv
Output
: [widthwise/ wtwaz ]
Meaning : used to reduce the effect of a statement
The Formation of English Adverb with the suffix ward (s)

UR
:* [#[front]prep+ [-wards]suf#]Adv
Output
: [frontwards /frntwd]
Meaning : object or person's body which faces forward
Sentence : frontwards building
UR
:* [#[back]prep+ [-wards]suf#]Adv
Output
: [ blackwards /blkwd]
Meaning : being the darkest colour t
Sentence : blackwards moment
UR
:* [#[awk]prep+ [-wards]suf#]Adv
Output
: [awkwards/ .kwd ]
Meaning : embarrassing
Sentence : They'd chosen an awkward time to call as I'd just got into the
bath.
UR
:* [#[dawn]prep+ [-wards]suf#]Adv
Output
: [dawnwards/dnwd/ ]
Meaning : the period in the day
Sentence : it is dawnwards days
UR
:* [#[out]prep+ [-wards]suf#]Adv
Output
: [outwards/ at.wd ]
Meaning : away from inside
Sentence : My secretary will see you outwards

MORPHOSYNTAX

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MORPHOSYNTAX

THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH WORDS THROUGH

THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH NOUNS THROUGH DERIVATION

NURUL IKHSAN KAMSYA

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ion

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ty

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ment

UR : *[ #[assess / ses]v + [ment] suf#]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ness

UR : *[#[fair / fe]Adj + [-ness]Suf #]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix hood

UR : *[#[parent]n + [-hood]suf #]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ance

UR : *[#[allow]v + [-ance]suf #]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ence

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix er/-or

UR :* [#[clean]v + [-er]Suf #]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ce

UR: *[#[Dedicate]N + [-ee]Suf#]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix cy

UR: *[#[Complacent]Adj + [-cy]Suf#]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix al

UR: *[#[optic/aptik/]N + [-al]Suf#]Adj

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ee

UR: *[#[elect]v + [-ee]Suf#]N

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix an

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ism

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ist

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix acy

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix age

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix dom

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ry / -ery

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ure

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix y

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix ing

The Formation of English Nouns with the Suffix th

THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH VERBS THROUGH DERIVATION

The Formation of English verbs with the Suffix ate

The Formation of English verbs with the Suffix en

The Formation of English Verbs with the Suffix fy

The Formation of English Verbs with the Suffix ize

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix en

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix auto

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix dis

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix fore

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix inter

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefixmis

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix re

The Formation of English Verbs with the Prefix un

THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH ADJECTIVES THROUGH

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix al

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix-able

The Formation of English Adjectives with the suffix ary

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ed

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ic

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ing

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ive

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ish

[#[oaf]N + [-ish]Suf#] Adj

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ful

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix less

The Formation of English Adjectives with the Suffix ly